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Woolston DW, Yeung CCS, Steinbach G, Jerome KR, Huang ML, Krakow EF, Boeckh MJ. Tissue PCR for the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Gastrointestinal (GI) Disease after HCT. Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Strašková A, Steinbach G, Konert G, Kotabová E, Komenda J, Tichý M, Kaňa R. Pigment-protein complexes are organized into stable microdomains in cyanobacterial thylakoids. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2019; 1860:148053. [PMID: 31344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the place of the light-photosynthetic reactions. To gain maximal efficiency, these reactions are conditional to proper pigment-pigment and protein-protein interactions. In higher plants thylakoids, the interactions lead to a lateral asymmetry in localization of protein complexes (i.e. granal/stromal thylakoids) that have been defined as a domain-like structures characteristic by different biochemical composition and function (Albertsson P-Å. 2001,Trends Plant Science 6: 349-354). We explored this complex organization of thylakoid pigment-proteins at single cell level in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our 3D confocal images captured heterogeneous distribution of all main photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs), Photosystem I (fluorescently tagged by YFP), Photosystem II and Phycobilisomes. The acquired images depicted cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane as a stable, mosaic-like structure formed by microdomains (MDs). These microcompartments are of sub-micrometer in sizes (~0.5-1.5 μm), typical by particular PPCs ratios and importantly without full segregation of observed complexes. The most prevailing MD is represented by MD with high Photosystem I content which allows also partial separation of Photosystems like in higher plants thylakoids. We assume that MDs stability (in minutes) provides optimal conditions for efficient excitation/electron transfer. The cyanobacterial MDs thus define thylakoid membrane organization as a system controlled by co-localization of three main PPCs leading to formation of thylakoid membrane mosaic. This organization might represent evolutional and functional precursor for the granal/stromal spatial heterogeneity in photosystems that is typical for higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strašková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - E Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - R Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Steinbach G, Bunjes D, Reske S, Buchmann I, Mutschler J. Myeloablative radioimmunotherapy with 188Re-CD66mAb before stem cell transplantation. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aim: Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum levels may increase due to intensive conditioning regimes with highdose- chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) before stem cell transplantation. This increases the risk for developing acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) after stem cell transplantation. In this prospective study we investigated the influence of radioimmunotherapy with 188Re- CD-66-mAb on changes on TNF-α serum levels. Patients, methods: In 18 patients we measured TNF-α before and up to 96 hours after radioimmunotherapy, in 2 patients in addition following TBI, in 9 patients also following chemotherapy. For measuring TNF-α we used an automated immunochemiluminescence assay (Immulite 1000 DPC Biermann, Bad Nauheim). The mean follow up period to record incidence of aGVHD was 100 days after stem cell transplantation. Results: Compared to the basal levels before, the levels of TNF-α after conditioning with 188Re-CD-66-mAb did not increase significantly and remained in the physiological range. In contrast, these initial physiological cytokine levels increased and became pathological following 48 h after total body irradiation (13.2 ± 6.6 pg/ml) and chemotherapy (10.8 ± 15.7 pg/ml). In our study we found a low incidence of aGvHD (22.2%, n = 4/18). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that additional conditioning therapy with 188Re-CD-66-mAb does not increase proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α. This finding may indicate that additive radioimmunotherapy may not be a significant factor for increasing the rate of conditioning- associated aGvHD.
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Provenzale D, Gupta S, Ahnen DJ, Bray T, Cannon JA, Cooper G, David DS, Early DS, Erwin D, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Grady W, Halverson AL, Hamilton SR, Hampel H, Ismail MK, Klapman JB, Larson DW, Lazenby AJ, Lynch PM, Mayer RJ, Ness RM, Regenbogen SE, Samadder NJ, Shike M, Steinbach G, Weinberg D, Dwyer M, Darlow S. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal Version 1.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2017; 14:1010-30. [PMID: 27496117 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2016.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is a focused update highlighting the most current NCCN Guidelines for diagnosis and management of Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer, usually resulting from a germline mutation in 1 of 4 DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2), or deletions in the EPCAM promoter. Patients with Lynch syndrome are at an increased lifetime risk, compared with the general population, for colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and other cancers, including of the stomach and ovary. As of 2016, the panel recommends screening all patients with colorectal cancer for Lynch syndrome and provides recommendations for surveillance for early detection and prevention of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers.
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Steinbach G, Hockenbery DM, Huls G, Furlong T, Myerson D, Loeb KR, Fann JR, Castilla-Llorente C, McDonald GB, Martin PJ. Pilot study of lithium to restore intestinal barrier function in severe graft-versus-host disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183284. [PMID: 28817727 PMCID: PMC5560707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe intestinal graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) causes mucosal ulceration and induces innate and adaptive immune responses that amplify and perpetuate GVHD and the associated barrier dysfunction. Pharmacological agents to target mucosal barrier dysfunction in GVHD are needed. We hypothesized that induction of Wnt signaling by lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), would potentiate intestinal crypt proliferation and mucosal repair and that inhibition of GSK3 in inflammatory cells would attenuate the deregulated inflammatory response to mucosal injury. We conducted an observational pilot study to provide data for the potential design of a randomized study of lithium. Twenty patients with steroid refractory intestinal GVHD meeting enrollment criteria were given oral lithium carbonate. GVHD was otherwise treated per current practice, including 2 mg/kg per day of prednisone equivalent. Seventeen patients had extensive mucosal denudation (extreme endoscopic grade 3) in the duodenum or colon. We observed that 8 of 12 patients (67%) had a complete remission (CR) of GVHD and survived more than 1 year (median 5 years) when lithium administration was started promptly within 3 days of endoscopic diagnosis of denuded mucosa. When lithium was started promptly and less than 7 days from salvage therapy for refractory GVHD, 8 of 10 patients (80%) had a CR and survived more than 1 year. In perspective, a review of 1447 consecutive adult HCT patients in the preceding 6 years at our cancer center showed 0% one-year survival in 27 patients with stage 3-4 intestinal GVHD and grade 3 endoscopic appearance in the duodenum or colon. Toxicities included fatigue, somnolence, confusion or blunted affect in 50% of the patients. The favorable outcomes in patients who received prompt lithium therapy appear to support the future conduct of a randomized study of lithium for management of severe GVHD with extensive mucosal injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00408681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Steinbach
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David M. Hockenbery
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Furlong
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Myerson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Keith R. Loeb
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesse R. Fann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christina Castilla-Llorente
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - George B. McDonald
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Myerson D, Steinbach G, Gooley TA, Shulman HM. Graft-versus-Host Disease of the Gut: A Histologic Activity Grading System and Validation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1573-1579. [PMID: 28533059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathologic interpretation of gut biopsies in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients to assess graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is well accepted and supplements clinical and endoscopic findings. However, the histologic activity grading of GVHD is controversial, with attempts to predict prognosis or response to treatment largely unsuccessful. GVHD is being diagnosed earlier in its course, raising the possibility that the pathologic grading system can be profitably modified. We developed a histologic activity grading system designed to replace the commonly used modified Lerner grading systems. Our system stratifies the low-level Lerner grade I category into 4 activity grade categories, based on the average frequency of apoptotic cells. The results are expressed as ordinal categories: GVHD of minimal, mild, moderate, severe histologic activity, or severe histologic activity with destruction (activity grades 1 to 5). In a retrospective study, we studied 87 consecutive cases with 201 post-transplantation specimens (median, 48 days; range, 18 to 1479 days) of stomach, duodenum, and colorectum, which had been activity graded at the time of the original diagnosis. Most of the biopsies diagnosed as GVHD were low grade-minimal (11%) or mild (71%) histologic activity. We hypothesized that the higher activity grades would be associated with more therapeutic intervention. The odds of increased therapy in the combined all-site specimens were increased as activity grade increased (odds ratio, 2.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.9 to 4.5]; P = < .0001). Thus, our grading system was validated. To investigate whether the activity grade was associated with therapy within the formerly undivided Lerner grade I category, the analysis was restricted to these 174 all-site specimens. The validation result was similar (odds ratio, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.3 to 7.2]; P = .009). This result interestingly suggests that there is useful information hidden in the Lerner grade I category, which could potentially guide immediately actionable treatment decisions. This histologic activity grade system has been in use at our institution for over 2 years with good acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Myerson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Gideon Steinbach
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ted A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Howard M Shulman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Provenzale D, Jasperson K, Ahnen DJ, Aslanian H, Bray T, Cannon JA, David DS, Early DS, Erwin D, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Gupta S, Halverson AL, Hamilton SR, Hampel H, Ismail MK, Klapman JB, Larson DW, Lazenby AJ, Lynch PM, Mayer RJ, Ness RM, Rao MS, Regenbogen SE, Shike M, Steinbach G, Weinberg D, Dwyer MA, Freedman-Cass DA, Darlow S. Colorectal Cancer Screening, Version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016; 13:959-68; quiz 968. [PMID: 26285241 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Colorectal Cancer Screening provide recommendations for selecting individuals for colorectal cancer screening, and for evaluation and follow-up of colon polyps. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize major discussion points of the 2015 NCCN Colorectal Cancer Screening panel meeting. Major discussion topics this year were the state of evidence for CT colonography and stool DNA testing, bowel preparation procedures for colonoscopy, and guidelines for patients with a positive family history of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Provenzale
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Kory Jasperson
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Harry Aslanian
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Travis Bray
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Jamie A Cannon
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Donald S David
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Dayna S Early
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Deborah Erwin
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - James M Ford
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Francis M Giardiello
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Samir Gupta
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Amy L Halverson
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Stanley R Hamilton
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Heather Hampel
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Mohammad K Ismail
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Jason B Klapman
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - David W Larson
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Patrick M Lynch
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Robert J Mayer
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Reid M Ness
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - M Sambasiva Rao
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Scott E Regenbogen
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Moshe Shike
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Gideon Steinbach
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - David Weinberg
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Mary A Dwyer
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Deborah A Freedman-Cass
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
| | - Susan Darlow
- From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
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8
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Richardson PG, Riches ML, Kernan NA, Brochstein JA, Mineishi S, Termuhlen AM, Arai S, Grupp SA, Guinan EC, Martin PL, Steinbach G, Krishnan A, Nemecek ER, Giralt S, Rodriguez T, Duerst R, Doyle J, Antin JH, Smith A, Lehmann L, Champlin R, Gillio A, Bajwa R, D'Agostino RB, Massaro J, Warren D, Miloslavsky M, Hume RL, Iacobelli M, Nejadnik B, Hannah AL, Soiffer RJ. Phase 3 trial of defibrotide for the treatment of severe veno-occlusive disease and multi-organ failure. Blood 2016; 127:1656-65. [PMID: 26825712 PMCID: PMC4817309 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-676924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Untreated hepatic VOD/SOS with multi-organ failure (MOF) is associated with >80% mortality. Defibrotide has shown promising efficacy treating hepatic VOD/SOS with MOF in phase 2 studies. This phase 3 study investigated safety and efficacy of defibrotide in patients with established hepatic VOD/SOS and advanced MOF. Patients (n = 102) given defibrotide 25 mg/kg per day were compared with 32 historical controls identified out of 6867 medical charts of HSCT patients by blinded independent reviewers. Baseline characteristics between groups were well balanced. The primary endpoint was survival at day +100 post-HSCT; observed rates equaled 38.2% in the defibrotide group and 25% in the controls (23% estimated difference; 95.1% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-40.8;P= .0109, using a propensity-adjusted analysis). Observed day +100 complete response (CR) rates equaled 25.5% for defibrotide and 12.5% for controls (19% difference using similar methodology; 95.1% CI, 3.5-34.6;P= .0160). Defibrotide was generally well tolerated with manageable toxicity. Related adverse events (AEs) included hemorrhage or hypotension; incidence of common hemorrhagic AEs (including pulmonary alveolar [11.8% and 15.6%] and gastrointestinal bleeding [7.8% and 9.4%]) was similar between the defibrotide and control groups, respectively. Defibrotide was associated with significant improvement in day +100 survival and CR rate. The historical-control methodology offers a novel, meaningful approach for phase 3 evaluation of orphan diseases associated with high mortality. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Marcie L Riches
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Clinic, University of North Carolina Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nancy A Kernan
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joel A Brochstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Transplant Program, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amanda M Termuhlen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sally Arai
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eva C Guinan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul L Martin
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Gideon Steinbach
- Gastroenterology Division, University of Washington School of Medicine and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Eneida R Nemecek
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tulio Rodriguez
- Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Reggie Duerst
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Doyle
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Smith
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Leslie Lehmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Alfred Gillio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Rajinder Bajwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, The Ohio State University/Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Joseph Massaro
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Diane Warren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Robin L Hume
- Regulatory Affairs, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Bijan Nejadnik
- Research and Clinical Development, Galena Biopharma, San Ramon, CA; and
| | | | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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9
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Steinbach G, Nissen D, Albrecht M, Novak EV, Sánchez PA, Kantorovich SS, Gemming S, Erbe A. Bistable self-assembly in homogeneous colloidal systems for flexible modular architectures. Soft Matter 2016; 12:2737-43. [PMID: 26932530 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a homogeneous system of magnetic colloidal particles that self-assembles via two structural patterns of different symmetry. Based on a qualitative comparison between a real magnetic particles system, analytical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that bistability can be achieved by a proper tailoring of an anisotropic magnetization distribution inside the particles. The presented bistability opens new possibilities to form two-dimensionally extended and flexible structures where the connectivity between the particles can be changed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steinbach
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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10
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Richardson PG, Kernan NA, Brochstein JA, Mineishi S, Arai S, Grupp SA, Guinan E, Martin PL, Steinbach G, Krishnan A, Nemecek ER, Duerst RE, Antin JH, Lehmann L, Gillio AP, Bajwa R, Miloslavsky M, Hume R, Iacobelli M, Nejadnik B, Hannah AL, Soiffer RJ. Defibrotide for the Treatment of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome with Multi-Organ Dysfunction: Final Results from a Pivotal, Historically Controlled, Phase 3 Trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.11.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martin PL, Steinbach G, Chen AR, Krishnan A, Kernan NA, Avigan DE, Spitzer TR, Richardson PG. Pooled Dose Response Analysis of Defibrotide in >1600 Patients for the Treatment of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.11.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blagieva R, Wagner M, Vittone F, Steinbach G, Haug C. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Steinbach G, Pawlak K, Pomozi I, Tóth EA, Molnár A, Matkó J, Garab G. Mapping microscopic order in plant and mammalian cells and tissues: novel differential polarization attachment for new generation confocal microscopes (DP-LSM). Methods Appl Fluoresc 2014; 2:015005. [PMID: 29148454 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/2/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular architecture of complex, highly organized molecular macro-assemblies is an important, basic task for biology. Differential polarization (DP) measurements, such as linear (LD) and circular dichroism (CD) or the anisotropy of the fluorescence emission (r), which can be carried out in a dichrograph or spectrofluorimeter, respectively, carry unique, spatially averaged information about the molecular organization of the sample. For inhomogeneous samples-e.g. cells and tissues-measurements on macroscopic scale are not satisfactory, and in some cases not feasible, thus microscopic techniques must be applied. The microscopic DP-imaging technique, when based on confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM), allows the pixel by pixel mapping of anisotropy of a sample in 2D and 3D. The first DP-LSM configuration, which, in fluorescence mode, allowed confocal imaging of different DP quantities in real-time, without interfering with the 'conventional' imaging, was built on a Zeiss LSM410. It was demonstrated to be capable of determining non-confocally the linear birefringence (LB) or LD of a sample and, confocally, its FDLD (fluorescence detected LD), the degree of polarization (P) and the anisotropy of the fluorescence emission (r), following polarized and non-polarized excitation, respectively (Steinbach et al 2009 Acta Histochem.111 316-25). This DP-LSM configuration, however, cannot simply be adopted to new generation microscopes with considerably more compact structures. As shown here, for an Olympus FV500, we designed an easy-to-install DP attachment to determine LB, LD, FDLD and r, in new-generation confocal microscopes, which, in principle, can be complemented with a P-imaging unit, but specifically to the brand and type of LSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steinbach
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary. Biofotonika R&D Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Burt RW, Cannon JA, David DS, Early DS, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Halverson AL, Hamilton SR, Hampel H, Ismail MK, Jasperson K, Klapman JB, Lazenby AJ, Lynch PM, Mayer RJ, Ness RM, Provenzale D, Rao MS, Shike M, Steinbach G, Terdiman JP, Weinberg D, Dwyer M, Freedman-Cass D. Colorectal cancer screening. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2013; 11:1538-75. [PMID: 24335688 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2013.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from colorectal cancer can be reduced by early diagnosis and by cancer prevention through polypectomy. These NCCN Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening describe various colorectal screening modalities and recommended screening schedules for patients at average or increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. In addition, the guidelines provide recommendations for the management of patients with high-risk colorectal cancer syndromes, including Lynch syndrome. Screening approaches for Lynch syndrome are also described.
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Matuschek C, Rudoy M, Peiper M, Gerber PA, Hoff NP, Buhren BA, Flehmig B, Budach W, Knoefel WT, Bojar H, Prisack HB, Steinbach G, Shukla V, Schwarz A, Kammers K, Erhardt A, Scherer A, Bölke E, Schauer M. Do insulin-like growth factor associated proteins qualify as a tumor marker? Results of a prospective study in 163 cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:451-6. [PMID: 22024424 PMCID: PMC3400976 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-10-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, -2 and Insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of cells. It has never been evaluated, if the IGF-system can serve as a tumor marker in neoplasms. METHODS In our prospective study 163 patients with colorectal cancer (22), prostate cancer (21), head and neck tumors (17), lymphomas (20), lung cancer (34) and other entities (49) were analysed for their IGF and IGFBP serum levels at the beginning and the end of radiotherapy and compared to 13 healthy people. Subgroups of patients with local tumor disease versus metastatic disease, primary and recurrent therapy and curative versus palliative therapy were compared. RESULTS The serum levels of IGF-2 were significantly elevated in patients with prostate and colorectal cancer. However, sensitivity and specificity were only 70%. IGFBP-2 serum levels were elevated in patients with head and neck tumors. Again sensitivity and specificity were only 73%. A difference between local disease and metastatic disease could not be found. A difference between IGF serum levels before and after radiotherapy could not be detected. CONCLUSION The IGF-system cannot serve as a new tumor marker. The detected differences are very small, sensitivity and specificity are too low. IGF measurement is not useful for the evaluation of the success of radiotherapy in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matuschek
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Holter S, Pollett A, Zogopoulos G, Kim H, Schwenter F, Asai K, Gallinger S, Clendenning M, Steinbach G, Jacobson A, Boycott KM. Hepatic adenomas caused by somatic HNF1A mutations in children with biallelic mismatch repair gene mutations. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:735-6. [PMID: 21182953 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lord JD, Hackman RC, Gooley TA, Wood BL, Moklebust AC, Hockenbery DM, Steinbach G, Ziegler SF, McDonald GB. Blood and gastric FOXP3+ T cells are not decreased in human gastric graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 17:486-96. [PMID: 20870026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mouse and human hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. As the gastrointestinal tract represents one of the most common and severe sites of GVHD-related tissue damage, we sought to determine whether a deficit in circulating or gastric mucosal Treg numbers correlates with the clinical onset of gastric GVHD. We used the marker FOXP3 to quantify Tregs in blood and in gastric antral biopsies in a cohort of 60 allogeneic HCT recipients undergoing endoscopy at a single center to evaluate symptoms suspicious for gastrointestinal GVHD. We show for the first time in the gastric mucosa and, contrary to existing reports, in the blood, that the percent of T cells expressing FOXP3 is at least as high in the presence as in the absence of GVHD involving the upper gut. There was no correlation of Treg frequency with the histologic or clinical severity of gastrointestinal GVHD. We conclude that Treg depletion is not a central feature in the pathogenesis of gastric GVHD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Lord
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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18
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Boelke E, Schieren G, Budach W, Matuschek C, Peiper M, Gripp S, Steinbach G, Pelzer M, Antke C, Hermsen D. Use of cystatin C as a biomarker for glomerular filtration rate in patients with head and neck cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lord JD, Hackman RC, Moklebust A, Thompson JA, Higano CS, Chielens D, Steinbach G, McDonald GB. Refractory colitis following anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy: analysis of mucosal FOXP3+ T cells. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:1396-405. [PMID: 19507029 PMCID: PMC2904314 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ipilimumab is a humanized antibody to CTLA4 and is used to treat cancers refractory to conventional treatment. We treated 21 patients with refractory melanoma or prostate cancer with anti-CTLA4 antibody (ipilimumab), with subsequent development of significant colitis in nine cases. Two of these nine did not respond rapidly to high-dose (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) glucocorticoids or infliximab. They required additional immunosuppression, and one ultimately died of opportunistic infection, representing a more refractory course than has previously been described complicating ipilimumab therapy. Both patients had received radiation to the pelvis for prostate cancer less than 1 year prior to receiving ipilimumab. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of colon biopsies from ipilimumab recipients to determine if colitis correlates with depletion of intramucosal FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which normally express CTLA4. However, we found no evidence of FOXP3(+) T cell depletion in any of the nine patients who developed colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Lord
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle WA, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle WA
| | - Robert C. Hackman
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle WA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | | | - John A. Thompson
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle WA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle WA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | | | - Gideon Steinbach
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle WA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - George B. McDonald
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle WA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
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20
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Richardson PG, Soiffer RJ, Antin JH, Uno H, Jin Z, Kurtzberg J, Martin PL, Steinbach G, Murray KF, Vogelsang GB, Chen AR, Krishnan A, Kernan NA, Avigan DE, Spitzer TR, Shulman HM, Di Salvo DN, Revta C, Warren D, Momtaz P, Bradwin G, Wei LJ, Iacobelli M, McDonald GB, Guinan EC. Defibrotide for the treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease and multiorgan failure after stem cell transplantation: a multicenter, randomized, dose-finding trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:1005-17. [PMID: 20167278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) are limited and outcomes are dismal, but early phase I/II studies have suggested promising activity and acceptable toxicity using the novel polydisperse oligonucleotide defibrotide. This randomized phase II dose-finding trial determined the efficacy of defibrotide in patients with severe VOD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and identified an appropriate dose for future trials. Adult and pediatric patients received either lower-dose (arm A: 25 mg/kg/day; n = 75) or higher-dose (arm B: 40 mg/kg/day; n = 74) i.v. defibrotide administered in divided doses every 6 hours for > or =14 days or until complete response, VOD progression, or any unacceptable toxicity occurred. Overall complete response and day +100 post-HSCT survival rates were 46% and 42%, respectively, with no significant difference between treatment arms. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was low (8% overall; 7% in arm A, 10% in arm B); there was no significant difference in the overall rate of adverse events between treatment arms. Early stabilization or decreased bilirubin was associated with better response and day +100 survival, and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) during treatment was associated with better outcome; changes were similar in both treatment arms. Defibrotide 25 or 40 mg/kg/day also appears effective in treating severe VOD following HSCT. In the absence of any differences in activity, toxicity or changes in PAI-1 level, defibrotide 25 mg/kg/day was selected for ongoing phase III trials in VOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Burt RW, Barthel JS, Dunn KB, David DS, Drelichman E, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Gruber SB, Halverson AL, Hamilton SR, Ismail MK, Jasperson K, Lazenby AJ, Lynch PM, Martin EW, Mayer RJ, Ness RM, Provenzale D, Rao MS, Shike M, Steinbach G, Terdiman JP, Weinberg D. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Colorectal cancer screening. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010; 8:8-61. [PMID: 20064289 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2010.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
This article summarizes the NCCN clinical practice guidelines for screening for colorectal cancer. This guideline provides recommendations for appropriate screening and management of abnormal findings in groups at both average and high risk. In its deliberations, the Colorectal Cancer Screening Panel identified populations at high risk to include both patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and individuals at risk because of a genetic predisposition.
For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Levin
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
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Rau B, Steinbach G, Baumgart K, Gansauge F, Grünert A, Beger HG. The clinical value of procalcitonin in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Intensive Care Med 2009; 26 Suppl 2:S159-64. [PMID: 18470712 DOI: 10.1007/bf02900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection of pancreatic necrosis (IN) has a major impact on management and outcome in acute pancreatitis (AP). Currently, guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the only means for an accurate diagnosis of IN. Procalcitonin (PCT), a 116 amino acid pro-peptide of calcitonin has been found in high concentrations in patients with sepsis. In the present study we analyzed the clinical value of serum PCT for predicting IN in AP and compared the results to guided FNA. DESIGN Clinical study. SETTING A collaborative study between the Departments of General Surgery and Clinical Chemistry/ Pathobiochemistry of the University of Ulm, Germany. PATIENTS 61 patients with AP entered this study and were stratified into three groups according to morphological and bacteriological data: I. 22 patients with edematous pancreatitis (AIP), II. 18 patients with sterile necrosis (SN), III. 21 patients with IN. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS During an observation period of 14 days PCT was measured by immunoluminometry, CRP was determined by lasernephelometry on a routine base. In patients with IN overall PCT concentrations were significantly higher than in those with SN, whereas CRP levels did not differ in both groups. In contrast, only low concentrations of both parameters were found in patients with AIP. By ROC analysis the best PCT cut-off level for predicting IN or persisting pancreatic sepsis was obtained at > or =1.8 ng/ml. If this cut-off was reached on at least two consecutive days, IN could be predicted with a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity, of 88%, and an accuracy of 90%. Guided FNA achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 91%. 79%, and 84% in differentiating IN from SN, respectively. After surgical treatment of IN median PCT values continued to be significantly higher in patients with persisting pancreatic sepsis (n=12) compared to those with an uneventful postoperative course (n=7). Our results demonstrate that monitoring of serum PCT could serve as a noninvasive and accurate method to predict IN in AP as well as to select patients with persisting septic complications after surgical debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rau
- Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
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Mutschler J, Steinbach G, Bunjes D, Reske SN, Buchmann I. [Myeloablative radioimmunotherapy with 188Re-CD66mAb before stem cell transplantation. No increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-alpha]. Nuklearmedizin 2009; 48:30-36. [PMID: 19212609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) serum levels may increase due to intensive conditioning regimes with high-dose-chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) before stem cell transplantation. This increases the risk for developing acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) after stem cell transplantation. In this prospective study we investigated the influence of radioimmunotherapy with 188Re-CD-66-mAb on changes on TNF-alpha serum levels. PATIENTS, METHODS In 18 patients we measured TNF-alpha before and up to 96 hours after radioimmunotherapy, in 2 patients in addition following TBI, in 9 patients also following chemotherapy. For measuring TNF-alpha we used an automated immunochemiluminescence assay (Immulite 1000 DPC Biermann, Bad Nauheim). The mean follow up period to record incidence of aGVHD was 100 days after stem cell transplantation. RESULTS Compared to the basal levels before, the levels of TNF-alpha after conditioning with 188Re-CD-66-mAb did not increase significantly and remained in the physiological range. In contrast, these initial physiological cytokine levels increased and became pathological following 48 h after total body irradiation (13.2+/-6.6 pg/ml) and chemotherapy (10.8+/-15.7 pg/ml). In our study we found a low incidence of aGvHD (22.2%, n=4/18). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that additional conditioning therapy with 188Re-CD-66-mAb does not increase proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-alpha. This finding may indicate that additive radioimmunotherapy may not be a significant factor for increasing the rate of conditioning-associated aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mutschler
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm.
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Gripp S, Peiper M, Matuschek C, Giro C, Steinbach G, Hermsen D, van Griensven M, Budach W, Engers R, Gerber PA, Hefter H, Spiess B, Orth K, Bölke E. Validity of S-100 B in patients after brain radiation. Eur J Med Res 2008; 13:299-303. [PMID: 18558557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-100B is a calcium binding acute phase protein and a potential biomarker for brain injury. In prior studies elevated plasma S-100B levels were detected in stroke and severe head trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether S-100 B is elevated during cerebral radiotherapy and whether that is associated with adverse outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective pilot study, 45 patients (25 males, 20 females, median age 58 (17-81)) underwent cerebral radiation therapy because of a primary or metastaic cerebral malignancy. 39 patients were included in the evaluation. 6 patients died during the study period. S-100 plasma concentrations were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on admission and weekly during radiation therapy for the duration of 6 weeks. In 10 healthy young volunteers (5 males, 5 females, median age 32 (28-36)) S-100 B plasma levels were measured weekly for 6 weeks as a negative control. Furthermore, in an active control 10 patients (4 males, 6 females, median age 68 (64-76)) with stroke (7 = major stroke, 3 = lacunar infarct) S- 100 B plasma levels were measured for 7 consecutive days after the event. RESULTS During radiotherapy S-100 B plasma concentrations increased from median baseline values of 0.030 microg/l to 0.044 microg/l. For the time of radiation therapy most patients showed a mild increase, but absolute plasma values were still within the normal range. In the control group of healthy volunteers S-100 B remained unchanged. In stroke patients S-100 B increased to maximum values of 1.7 microg/l three days after the event. In the 3 patients with lacunar infarcts no increase of S-100 B levels could be detected. CONCLUSION Brain irradiation leads to a mild increase of S-100 B plasma levels. However, the absolute rise was far weaker compared to that seen in major brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gripp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Orth K, Boelke E, Steinbach G, Steiner R, Russ D. In vivo results for interstitial laser application in thyroid gland. Eur J Med Res 2008; 13:63-67. [PMID: 18424364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of denaturation of hormone active tissue in the thyroid gland by laser induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) as a treatment of autonomous hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An interstitial thyroid laser application (Nd:YAG 1064 nm, 5W, 2 min) was performed in 5 pigs. During laser application, the laryngeal recurrent nerve was controlled electro-physiologically. Postoperatively, TSH, total T(3) (TT(3)) and free T(4) (FT(4)) were measured regularly. After a follow-up period of up to 6 weeks, pigs were sacrificed and the thyroid glands were evaluated histological. RESULTS A malfunction of the nerve due to laser treatment was not detected. During the first postoperative week there was a decrease of both FT(4) and TSH whereas TT(3) showed an extreme decline of its plasma levels reaching nearly the detection limit. All values showed a recovery to their initial levels during an interval of 10 days and than increased to levels sometimes higher than baseline. The coagulation zones were demarcated clearly towards normal tissue with increasing fibrosis of the treated areas. CONCLUSION Interstitial thyroid ablation using a Nd:YAG laser is a minimal invasive, safe and effective procedure. Further evaluation including long term follow-up in humans is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Orth
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum Emden, Bolardusstr 20, Emden, Germany.
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27
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Schwarz A, Bölke E, Peiper M, Schulte am Esch J, Steinbach G, van Griensven M, Orth K. Inflammatory peritoneal reaction after perforated appendicitis: continuous peritoneal lavage versus non lavage. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12:200-5. [PMID: 17513191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial peritonitis is a severe medical condition associated with a natural mortality rate of 80-100%. Progress in surgical techniques, new developments in intensive care medicine and antibiotic therapy reduced this rate significantly. Aim of this study was to evaluate sepsis parameter in perforated appendicitis and different postoperative management. METHODS In 50 consecutive patients with diffuse bacterial peritonitis and perforated appendicitis, laparotomy was performed. Subsequently, 25 patients were treated with adjuvant, continuous peritoneal lavage (CPL) using standard peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-solution. The remaining 25 patients were peritoneally drained without postoperative irrigation (Non-CPL). In all patients endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloid-related protein (MRP-8, MRP-14 and Heterocomplex) were determined. RESULTS No difference in clinical outcome between CPL and Non-CPL could be established. An uncomplicated clinical outcome was associated with lower levels of inflammation markers. Furthermore, clinical data revealed that mortality depended on co-morbidity, and patient's age. SUMMARY In perforated appendicitis a faster decrease of mediator release could not be achieved with either method. In addition, no difference could be established for the clinical parameters like hospitalization, duration of intensive care and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, KH Lindau, 88131 Lindau, Germany.
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Bölke E, Röger S, Gripp S, Budach W, Hermsen D, Steinbach G. S-100 Protein Level and Radiation Induced Brain Injury. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.01.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Levin B, Barthel JS, Burt RW, David DS, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Gruber SB, Halverson AL, Hamilton S, Kohlmann W, Ludwig KA, Lynch PM, Marino C, Martin EW, Mayer RJ, Pasche B, Pirruccello SJ, Rajput A, Rao MS, Shike M, Steinbach G, Terdiman JP, Weinberg D, Winawer SJ. Colorectal Cancer Screening Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2006; 4:384-420. [PMID: 16569391 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2006.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women in the United States. An estimated 104,950 new cases of colon cancer and 40,340 new cases of rectal cancer will occur in the United States in 2005. During the same year, an estimated 56,290 people will die from colon and rectal cancer. Because patients with localized colon cancer have a 90% 5-year survival rate, screening is a critical and particularly effective procedure for colorectal cancer prevention. Screening options include colonoscopy; combined fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy; sigmoidoscopy alone; or double-contrast barium enema.
For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
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Selinger RRE, McDonald GB, Hockenbery DM, Steinbach G, Kimmey MB. Efficacy of neodymium:YAG laser therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) following hematopoietic cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 37:191-7. [PMID: 16284614 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We determined the incidence of severe bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) after myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplant and the outcomes after treatment with endoscopic neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation. From 1992 to 2005, the incidence of severe bleeding from GAVE was 6/4491 (0.13%). All patients had received oral busulfan and four had sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Gastrointestinal bleeding began a median of 53 days after transplant (range 15-2952). After GAVE was diagnosed by endoscopic and histologic findings, a median of three (range 2-7) sessions of laser therapy were required to control the bleeding with a median of 2737 J (range 1117-6160 J) per session. A median of 16 units (range 4-44) had been transfused prior to laser therapy and a median of four additional units (range 0-113) were transfused until bleeding was controlled. All patients were followed for at least 70 days after the last laser therapy session, with no further episodes of bleeding. Complications were mild and included abdominal pain and asymptomatic ulceration; however, one patient required gastrectomy due to gastric necrosis following transarterial embolizations. In summary, severe bleeding from GAVE is rare following hematopoietic cell transplant. Treatment with endoscopic therapy using the Nd:YAG laser is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R E Selinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate a new micro-method technique for measurement of interleukin 8 in detergent-lysed whole blood (whole blood IL-8) applicable to capillary blood sampling as a test for bacterial infections in neonates. METHODS Whole blood IL-8 was measured at the first suspicion of infection along with IL-8 determined in plasma (plasma IL-8), C-reactive protein and blood cultures in 154 consecutive newborn infants with clinical signs of bacterial infection. Only 20 microl of whole blood were required for the new assay. RESULTS Blood culture-proven infections were diagnosed in six infants and clinical infection (defined as a combination of clinical and laboratory signs) in 20 infants. 1000 pg/ml was determined as the suitable threshold for whole blood IL-8 by ROC-curve analysis. At that threshold, whole blood IL-8 detected blood culture-proven infections with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 67%. The areas under the ROC curves were similar for whole blood IL-8 and plasma IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Compared with plasma IL-8, whole blood IL-8 offers the advantages that measurements of whole blood IL-8 require a smaller blood sample volume and are not altered by haemolysis. The diagnostic accuracy of whole blood IL-8 remains to be studied in more detail in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Franz
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Paediatric Critical Care, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
Regarding orthopaedic implant loosening it has been hypothesized that particle-activated macrophages release interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This in turn stimulates osteoblasts to release interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). These mediators recruit and activate osteoclasts and may therefore lead to bone resorption and loss of implant fixation. In this study we compared the ability of different materials to induce the release of IL-6 and PGE(2) from primary isolated, human osteoblasts without preceding activation by macrophages. We tested stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCrMo), commercially pure titanium (cpTi), Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V processed in the same manner as corresponding clinical implants. After 12 and 24h the cells had actively secreted IL-6 and PGE(2). There were no clear differences among the implant materials or with the plastic control. The amount of factors the cells released in our study compare well with the findings of other authors who investigated osteoblasts on plastic. In comparison with the literature these amounts are lower than secretion levels of osteoblasts stimulated with implant particles, IL-1 or TNF-alpha. Moreover, other authors found that osteoclasts require higher concentrations of PGE(2) to become activated than the concentrations measured in our experiments. Therefore, the amount of PGE(2) released from the osteoblasts in our study is probably not sufficient to induce osteolytic activity. Because of contradictory statements in the literature it is unclear if the measured IL-6 concentrations promote osteolytic activity. Differences in material composition does not significantly influence the release of these factors if the materials have similar surface roughnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, RKU University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Sandler RS, Halabi S, Baron JA, Budinger S, Paskett E, Keresztes R, Petrelli N, Pipas JM, Karp DD, Loprinzi CL, Steinbach G, Schilsky R. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:883-90. [PMID: 12621132 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa021633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans suggest that regular aspirin use may decrease the risk of colorectal adenomas, the precursors to most colorectal cancers. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to determine the effect of aspirin on the incidence of colorectal adenomas. We randomly assigned 635 patients with previous colorectal cancer to receive either 325 mg of aspirin per day or placebo. We determined the proportion of patients with adenomas, the number of recurrent adenomas, and the time to the development of adenoma between randomization and subsequent colonoscopic examinations. Relative risks were adjusted for age, sex, cancer stage, the number of colonoscopic examinations, and the time to a first colonoscopy. The study was terminated early by an independent data and safety monitoring board when statistically significant results were reported during a planned interim analysis. RESULTS A total of 517 randomized patients had at least one colonoscopic examination a median of 12.8 months after randomization. One or more adenomas were found in 17 percent of patients in the aspirin group and 27 percent of patients in the placebo group (P=0.004). The mean (+/-SD) number of adenomas was lower in the aspirin group than the placebo group (0.30+/-0.87 vs. 0.49+/-0.99, P=0.003 by the Wilcoxon test). The adjusted relative risk of any recurrent adenoma in the aspirin group, as compared with the placebo group, was 0.65 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.91). The time to the detection of a first adenoma was longer in the aspirin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the detection of a new polyp, 0.64; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.94; P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Daily use of aspirin is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Sandler
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7555, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Raised plasma levels of procalcitonin (proCT) represent an early marker for septicaemia. They are related to disease severity and inversely to outcome and response to treatment. ProCT is presumably synthesised in tIssues other than the thyroid C-cells which are the source of calcitonin (CT) in normal physiology. This study compares proCT and its cleavage products in the serum of patients with septicaemia with those in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). METHODS Immunoreactive proCT and its cleavage products were extracted from the serum of patients with septicaemia or MTC using octadecylsilyl silica columns and characterised by reversed phase HPLC and Western blot analysis. ProCT, CT(1-32) and the flanking peptides PAS-57 and PDN-21 were recognised with antibodies specific for the individual peptides. RESULTS ProCT and a 10 kDa polypeptide were recognised with antibodies to PAS-57, CT(1-32) and PDN-21. An 8 kDa proCT fragment was detected with antibodies to CT and PDN-21. However, intact CT(1-32), PAS-57 and PDN-21, found in the serum of MTC patients, were undetectable. The results indicate partial cleavage of proCT in septicaemia different from that in MTC patients. CONCLUSIONS ProCT and 10 and 8 kDa proCT fragments were recognised in the circulation of septic patients. They were different from the known proCT-processing products PAS-57, CT(1-32) and PDN-21 identified in the serum of normal subjects and of MTC patients. Distinct cleavage of proCT may contribute to the symptoms of septicaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ittner
- Research Laboratory for Calcium Metabolism, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, University of Zurich, Klinik Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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Müller G, Steinbach G, Berndt A, Köhler H. Effects of various applications of lipopolysaccharides on blood parameters of pigs. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2002; 49:429-37. [PMID: 12489711 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In five experiments, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli O26:B6 and O111:B4 were applied intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intrabronchially in doses of 5000-15,000 U/kg body mass to a total of 47 weaner pigs and compared with the application of sodium chloride. Different parameters of blood cells were investigated, including cell numbers, in vivo interleukin secretion, radical formation, phagocytosis capacity and IL-6 as well as TNFalpha formation ex vivo. Non-specific effects and dependencies on the type of application and LPS dose are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Müller
- Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Jena, Germany
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36
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Steinbach G, Blaha T, Methner U. Estimating the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in swine herds--influence of sensitivity and specificity of Salmonella detection. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2002; 49:438-44. [PMID: 12489712 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Information about the proportion of truly Salmonella-free herds is required for an evaluation of the epidemiological situation, the development of control strategies and their implementation. Findings regarding the presence of salmonellas in faeces and intestinal lymph nodes as well as the presence of Salmonella antibodies in meat juice from slaughtered pigs were obtained in the context of a study conducted by a number of institutes. These data were used for an analysis of the validity of data on the prevalence of infected animals within herds and on the prevalence of infected herds. The proportion of batches or herds with exclusively negative individual findings was found to depend not only on the true proportion of truly Salmonella-free animals within herds but quite essentially also on the distribution of the proportion of infected animals within herds, the sensitivity of the methods of examination and sample sizes. When taking into account the existing dependencies, it was found that among the swine, the real numbers of Salmonella carriers were much higher than shown by bacteriological and serological examination. Regarding salmonellosis in swine, also a number of contaminated herds must be expected which is far higher than that shown by the number of herds with positive findings in at least one animal. Even a low contamination of all or almost all herds would result in the numbers of 'negative' batches observed, i.e. batches with exclusively negative individual findings. A rating of the salmonella exposure of herds as high, low, or very low is possible and may, and should be, used for measures of consumer protection, irrespective of the proportion of truly Salmonella-free herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steinbach
- Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Zoonoses Control, Jena, Germany.
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37
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Phillips RKS, Wallace MH, Lynch PM, Hawk E, Gordon GB, Saunders BP, Wakabayashi N, Shen Y, Zimmerman S, Godio L, Rodrigues-Bigas M, Su LK, Sherman J, Kelloff G, Levin B, Steinbach G. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, on duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 2002; 50:857-60. [PMID: 12010890 PMCID: PMC1773237 DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.6.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) inhibit large bowel carcinogenesis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Their role in the duodenum of these patients is less certain. The disease modifying activity of specific COX-2 inhibitors has not been explored in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of celecoxib (100 mg twice daily (n=34) or 400 mg twice daily (n=32)) versus placebo (n=17), given orally twice daily for six months to patients with FAP. Efficacy was assessed qualitatively by blinded review of shuffled endoscopy videotapes comparing the extent of duodenal polyposis at entry and at six months and quantitatively by measurement of the percentage change in duodenal area covered by discrete and plaque-like adenomas from photographs of high and low density polyposis. RESULTS Shuffled and blinded video review showed a statistically significant effect of 400 mg twice daily celecoxib compared with placebo treatment (p=0.033) with all five independent observers scoring a beneficial effect. Overall, patients taking celecoxib 400 mg twice daily showed a 14.5% reduction in involved areas compared with a 1.4% for placebo (p=0.436). However, patients with clinically significant disease at baseline (greater than 5% covered by polyps) showed a 31% reduction in involved areas with celecoxib 400 mg twice daily compared with 8% on placebo (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A panel of five endoscopists found a significant reduction in duodenal polyposis after six months of treatment with celecoxib 400 mg twice daily. COX-2 inhibition may help this otherwise untreatable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K S Phillips
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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38
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Bölke E, Jehle PM, Storck M, Braun C, Schams S, Steinbach G, Orth K, Görich J, Scharrer-Pamler R, Sunder-Plassmann L. Endovascular stent-graft placement versus conventional open surgery in infrarenal aortic aneurysm: a prospective study on acute phase response and clinical outcome. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 314:203-7. [PMID: 11718696 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the treatment of aortic aneurysm, stent-graft implantation is an alternative method to open surgery. There is no study comparing both methods with regard to endotoxaemia, the acute phase cascade, and clinical outcome. METHODS In this prospective study, we enrolled 40 patients (34 males, 6 females; mean age 72.1+/-7.5 [58-92] years) with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm who underwent aortic surgery. Comparable groups of patients were treated with open (n=20) or endovascular (n=20) stent-graft implantation. To characterize the inflammatory response, plasma levels of endotoxin, endotoxin-neutralizing capacity (ENC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count were determined. In all patients, measurements were performed on admission, skin suture, 4 h and from the first to fifth postoperative day. As parameters for the clinical outcome, we assessed daily temperature, lung function, pain, duration of postoperative hospital stay, and morbidity. Wilcoxon rank test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In both groups, a significant increase of endotoxin plasma levels and a decrease of ENC was found already after skin incision. IL-6 levels peaked 4 h postoperatively in both groups, whereas CRP rose at the first postoperative day, reaching a maximum at day 2. Conventionally operated patients had significantly higher plasma levels of endotoxin, IL-6, and CRP and lower ENC during and after surgery than patients with stent-graft implantation. Moreover, patients with endovascular stent grafting had significant less postoperative pain, less restriction of total vital capacity, a shorter hospital stay, and a lower morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular stent grafting of infrarenal aortic aneurysm seems to be superior not only in terms of the inflammatory response but also in overall clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bölke
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
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39
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Bölke E, Jehle PM, Graf M, Baier A, Wiedeck H, Steinbach G, Storck M, Orth K. Inflammatory response during abdominal and thyroid surgery: a prospective clinical trial on mediator release. Shock 2001; 16:334-9. [PMID: 11699069 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200116050-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been demonstrated that endotoxin is a potent stimulus of the acute inflammatory response following traumatic injury. Although numerous studies have indicated that the extent of surgical intervention correlates well with the inflammatory response, the potential role of endotoxin as a trigger under those conditions still remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether or not the up-regulated inflammatory mediators are paralleled by increased endotoxin plasma levels during and following surgery, and whether the extent of surgical intervention represents a crucial factor under those conditions. To study this, plasma was collected at various time points during and after surgery from 52 patients subjected to abdominal surgery (i.e., major surgery) and 25 patients subjected to thyroid surgery (i.e., minor surgery). Plasma was assessed for endotoxin, endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC), and inflammatory mediators (leucotriene-C4 [LTC4]-, 6-keto-prostaglandin-F-1-alpha [PGF]-, thromboxane-B2 [TxB2], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Furthermore, splanchnic blood circulation was measured by determination of the intraluminal pH of the stomach and sigma (pHi) by intraluminal tonometry. Mesenteric lymph nodes were also collected at the time point of organ mobilization in the major surgery group and were assessed for bacterial translocation. Among all parameters investigated, endotoxin showed the most rapid changes. A significant increase in plasma levels of endotoxin and a decrease of ENC were found in the major surgery groups following induction of anesthesia and in the minor surgery groups after skin incision. Moreover, the incidence of elevated endotoxin levels was significantly higher (89% with elevated endotoxin levels) than the incidence of bacterial translocation (35% with gram-negative bacteria) in mesenterial lymph nodes of the major surgery group. pHi decreased significantly in both groups after skin incision, but no difference was observed between the major and minor surgery groups. Plasma mediators of the arachidonic acid cascade (LTC4, PGF, and TxB2) were only elevated in individual patients during and following surgery in both groups. Conversely, the post-operative increase in the acute phase mediators was significantly different in the major and minor surgery groups. IL-6 plasma levels peaked higher and earlier after major surgery than after minor surgery and the delayed increase of CRP was significantly greater in the major surgery group. In conclusion, the results indicate that plasma levels of endotoxin significantly correlate with the severity of the surgical intervention and may play an important role in inducing mediators of the acute phase reaction under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bölke
- Departments of Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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40
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Abstract
UNLABELLED This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and kinetics of interleukin 8 (IL-8) as a test for early-onset bacterial infections (EOBI) in neonates and to examine whether IL-8 would allow "unnecessary" antibiotic therapy to be reduced. First, IL-8 was measured 378 times on admission, along with C-reactive protein (CRP), immature to total neutrophil ratio (IT ratio) and blood cultures, in full-term and preterm neonates with suspected EOBI. Combined culture-proven and clinical EOBI were detected on admission by the combination of IL-8 > or = 70 pg ml(-1) and/or CRP > 10 mg l(-1) with 92% sensitivity and 74% specificity. An increased IL-8 was found in 62% of the infected infants, while CRP was still normal. In a second study period, IL-8 was determined prospectively in 331 infants who presented clinical signs of EOBI or had a birth history of amniotic infection. Antibiotic therapy was restricted to those infants with suspected infection who also had an increased IL-8 and/or CRP (n = 158). Another 39 infants received antibiotics on the basis of clinical signs despite negative IL-8 and CRP. Of 150 non-infected infants in whom IT ratio, IL-8 and CRP were available, treatment would have been indicated for 93 infants based on IT ratio and/or CRP (n = 77) or clinical signs (n = 16), but was only initiated in 55 infants based on IL-8 and/or CRP (n = 28) or clinical signs (n = 27), an apparent reduction in "unnecessary" antibiotic therapy of 40%. CONCLUSION The combination of IL-8 and CRP is a reliable test for the diagnosis of EOBI and may be helpful in enabling antibiotic therapy to be reduced in newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Franz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ulm, Germany.
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41
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Springer S, Lindner T, Steinbach G, Selbitz HJ. Investigation of the efficacy of a genetically-stabile live Salmonella typhimurium vaccine for use in swine. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2001; 114:342-5. [PMID: 11570173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid swine (Landrace x Pietrain) aged 3-4 weeks were immunized twice at an interval of 3 weeks solely by the oral route and by the oral/parenteral route to evaluate the efficacy of a live S. Typhimurium vaccine. In each experiment a control group was run without vaccination. The animals were challenged at the age of 8-10 weeks by oral test infection with a labelled S. Typhimurium DT 104 strain. An ELISA was used to establish the presence of antibodies to S. Typhimurium in serum samples, coupled with clinical investigation. The presence of the challenge strain in the ileal and caecal mucosa and in the ileocolic lymph nodes was investigated quantitatively using the Koch plating method to determine the degree of colonization of those organs at the time of slaughter. The clinical course of disease was used to assess the success of vaccination. However, it was not possible to trigger, in a reproducible manner, clinical signs of disease in unvaccinated animals through infection. The vaccinated animals had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) colonization of the ileal and caecal mucosa than the unvaccinated animals. This was also seen to a lesser degree for the ileocolic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Springer
- Impfstoffwerk Dessau-Tornau GmbH, PSF 214, Rosslau, Germany.
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42
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Schmidt M, Scheunert T, Steinbach G, Schirmer U, Marx T, Freitag N, Reinelt H. Hypertension as a risk factor for cerebral injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. Protein S100B and transcranial Doppler findings. Anaesthesia 2001; 56:733-8. [PMID: 11493235 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied 22 patients aged 53-78 years scheduled for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood pressure, cardiac output, transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity, arterial blood gases, body temperature and protein S100B, as a marker for cerebral integrity, were evaluated in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Pre-operative mean (SD) arterial blood pressure was 93 (11) mmHg in the normotensive group compared with 116 (15) mmHg in the hypertensive group. We found an increase in protein S100B levels in both groups. Serum protein S100B concentrations in the hypertensive group were significantly higher than in the normotensive group (p < 0.001). The highest mean (SD) values were 2.04 (0.65) micromol x l(-1) in the normotensive group and 7.02 (4.55) micromol x l(-1) in the hypertensive group. These results suggest that cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a significantly higher rate of cerebral injury in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients. This may be due to altered autoregulation and insufficient cerebral perfusion. Modifications of cardiopulmonary bypass management for hypertensive patients might be made to decrease the risk of cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany.
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43
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Methner U, Berndt A, Steinbach G. Combination of competitive exclusion and immunization with an attenuated live Salmonella vaccine strain in chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:631-8. [PMID: 11569736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To use the advantages of both the competitive exclusion (CE) technique and immunization with a live Salmonella vaccine, the combination of these methods was studied. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were pretreated by combined or single administration of a CE culture and a commercial live Salmonella typhimurium vaccine on days 1 and 2 of life and challenged with Salmonella typhimurium on day 3 to study the exclusion effect by both the CE preparation and the Salmonella vaccine. The exclusion effect by the CE culture combined with the immunologic effect by the live vaccine was studied after challenge of the birds on day 43 of age. The number of challenge organisms in ceca was used to evaluate the efficacy of the pretreatment. The protective exclusion effect of the CE culture was substantial in very young chicks and still detectable in 6-wk-old birds. The attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine produced only an initially occurring exclusion effect. Because the exclusion effect of the CE culture was considerably stronger than the exclusion effect of the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, the combination of both did not result in an additive protective effect. In order to exploit the exclusion potential between Salmonella strains and to attain an additive exclusion effect by a CE culture and a vaccine strain, live Salmonella vaccines are needed that are sufficiently attenuated without affecting genes essential for colonization exclusion of other Salmonella organisms. In 6-wk-old birds, the exclusion effect by the CE culture combined with the immunologic effect by the live Salmonella vaccine resulted in a degree of protection considerably beyond that generated by the exclusive use of the two methods. The administration of the live Salmonella vaccine strain prior to or simultaneously with the CE culture revealed the best protective effect because such combinations ensure an adequate persistence of the vaccine strain as prerequisite for the expression of an exclusion effect in very young chicks and the development of a strong immune response affording protection in older birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Methner
- Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Jena Branch, Germany
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Abstract
The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the time sequence between intraoperative and postoperative endotoxemia, changes in intramucosal pH(I), mediator release, and acute phase proteins and their relationship to postoperative infections. In 60 patients (median age 61 [33-72] years, male/female: 50/10) plasma levels of endotoxin, endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC), leukotriene-C4 (LTC4), 6-ketoprostaglandin-F-1alpha (PGF), thromboxane-B2 (TxB2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before, during, and after cardiac surgery. The intraluminal pH(I) of the stomach was assessed as a marker of splanchnic blood circulation. Patients were divided in one group with postoperative infections (group A, n = 8) and another groups without infections (group B, n = 52). Among all measured parameters, endotoxin plasma levels showed the most rapid changes. A significant increase of endotoxin plasma levels and a decrease in ENC appeared after the induction of anesthesia, culminating in a peak after reperfusion. Endotoxin showed a significantly higher increase in group A (14fold) compared to group B (sixfold, p<0.001), whereas ENC decreased by eightfold in both groups. The parameters of the arachidonic cascade increased and pH(I) decreased, however, there were no significant differences between both groups. The latest increase was observed for the acute phase proteins IL-6 and CRP. IL-6 levels peaked 6 hours postoperatively with a 20fold (group B) and 30fold (group A) increase (p < 0.001 vs baseline; no differences between groups), whereas CRP rose at the first postoperative day with a 21 fold (group B) and 25fold (group A) increase at day 2 (p<0.001 vs baseline, no difference between groups). Differences between both groups appeared at the second postoperative day for IL-6 (median values group A/B: 421/219 pg/mL; p <0.05) and at the fifth postoperative day for CRP (median values group A/B: 321/81 mg/L; p < 0.05). In conclusion, endotoxin seems to be the earliest trigger of the mediator cascade in acute phase response and may indicate infections in the postoperative course.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bölke
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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45
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Prengel AW, Rembecki M, Wenzel V, Steinbach G. A Comparison of the Endotracheal Tube and the Laryngeal Mask Airway as a Route for Endobronchial Lidocaine Administration. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:1505-9. [PMID: 11375834 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200106000-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug administration via the endotracheal tube is recommended as a second-line approach in emergency settings such as cardiac arrest. It is unknown what amount of drugs are absorbed when they are given through the laryngeal mask airway as compared with the endotracheal tube. We administered lidocaine at a dose of 2 mg/kg diluted in 10 mL normal saline to 20 anesthetized patients undergoing routine surgical procedures. Ten patients received lidocaine into the endotracheal tube and 10 patients received lidocaine into the laryngeal mask airway. Blood samples were taken for measurement of lidocaine plasma concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics were calculated. Therapeutic plasma concentrations (>1.4 microg/mL) could be achieved in 10 of 10 patients after endotracheal tube instillation but in only 4 of 10 patients after laryngeal mask instillation (P < 0.05). Peak lidocaine concentrations (2.47 and 1.09 microg/mL) (P < 0.05) and the area under the time versus plasma concentration curve (117.7 and 91.2 microg x min x mL(-1)) (P < 0.05) were higher after lidocaine administration into the endotracheal tube than into the laryngeal mask airway. In conclusion, the laryngeal mask airway is not a reliable route for the recommended dose of endobronchial lidocaine administration compared with the endotracheal tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Prengel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
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46
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Steinbach G, Staak C. [Assessment of the Salmonella burden in slaughter pigs through the results of meat-juice-ELISA]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2001; 114:174-8. [PMID: 11413709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
During a study on the salmonella infection rate in slaughter pigs, bacteriological results were collected from faecal samples and intestinal lymphnodes, and serological results were acquired from meat-juice-ELISA. Serological findings and resulting serological parameters were analysed for their capacity to provide an indication of the salmonella burden in a given lot of slaughter pigs or in the farm of origin. The arithmetic mean antibody concentration of a lot of slaughter pigs or a piggery, or the number of animals reacting above 30% according to the Danish standard, or the number of animals reacting above 40% according to the Danish standard are all three equally suited to differentiate between a low and a high level of infection. The mean antibody concentration was found to be the best parameter for epidemiological studies that compare the serological status between herds or investigate the development of antibodies within a given piggery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steinbach
- Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Berlin Fachbereich Bakterielle Tierseuchen und Bekämpfung von Zoonosen, Jena
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47
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Abstract
Trauma may cause a relevant reduction in antithrombin (AT) III activity, which is associated with adverse events. The very early changes in AT III activity after accident trauma are still unclear and possible relations with Interleukin (IL)-6, which is known to interact with AT III, have not been investigated so far. Upon approval of the IRB/IEC, 30 patients were enrolled with multiple injuries (ISS 9-75). Groups were performed according to injury severity, IL-6 concentration, and survivors versus non-survivors. Blood samples were collected at the scene of accident then at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h and at day 3, 5, 10 and 15. No patient received AT III concentrates. In all groups a reduction in AT III activity occurred, which was most pronounced in very severe injuries. The activity re-increased spontaneously and steadily in all groups regardless of the IL-6 concentration. There was no clear impact of the AT III activity on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Liener
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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48
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Tomassini E, Muhizi J, al Raheb K, Steinbach G, Bemer M, Platini C. [Fulminant hepatocellular necrosis following administration of docetaxel]. Presse Med 2001; 30:634. [PMID: 11346902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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49
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Kern WV, Heiss M, Steinbach G. Prediction of gram-negative bacteremia in patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia by means of interleukin-8 levels in serum: targeting empirical monotherapy versus combination therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:832-5. [PMID: 11229856 DOI: 10.1086/319207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2000] [Revised: 07/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a prospective observational study of 133 neutropenic episodes, interleukin (IL)-8 serum levels > 2000 pg/mL at the onset of fever had a sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 97% as a predictor of gram-negative bacteremia (GNB; positive predictive value, 73%; negative predictive value, 94%). The rates of early death differed significantly between patients with high and those with low IL-8 levels (3/11 vs. 1/122; P< .01). Serum IL-8 levels at the onset of fever define a low-risk subgroup of patients who can safely be treated with monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W V Kern
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital and Medical Center, D-89070 Ulm, Germany.
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50
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Gauss A, Röhm HJ, Schäuffelen A, Vogel T, Mohl U, Straehle A, Meierhenrich R, Georgieff M, Steinbach G, Schütz W. Electrocardiographic exercise stress testing for cardiac risk assessment in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2001; 94:38-46. [PMID: 11135720 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200101000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of exercise electrocardiography in the prediction of perioperative cardiac risk has yet to be defined. This study was performed to determine the predictive value of exercise electrocardiography as compared with clinical parameters and resting electrocardiography. METHODS A total of 204 patients at intermediate risk for cardiac complications prospectively underwent exercise electrocardiography before noncardiac surgery. Of these, 185 were included in the final evaluation. All patients underwent follow-up evaluation postoperatively by Holter monitoring for 2 days, daily 12-lead electrocardiogram, and creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, and troponin-T measurements for 5 days. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, minor myocardial cell injury, unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Potential risk factors for an adverse event were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Perioperative cardiac events were observed in 16 patients. There were 6 cases of myocardial infarction and 10 cases of myocardial cell injury. The multivariate correlates of adverse cardiac events were definite coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 8.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1--73.1; P = 0.04), major surgery (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.3--16.3; P = 0.02), reduced left ventricular performance (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1--3.8; P = 0.03), and ST-segment depression of 0.1 mV or more in the exercise electrocardiogram (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.5--18.5; P = 0.01). A combination of clinical variables and exercise electrocardiography improved preoperative risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study shows that a ST-segment depression of 0.1 mV or more in the exercise electrocardiogram is an independent predictor of perioperative cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gauss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universit of Ulm, Germany.
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