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Zhang W, Liu BH, Xia CD, Qiu JH, Lou HP, Di JD, Xue G, Li G. [Predictive value of D-dimer for deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in adult burn patients]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2022; 38:335-340. [PMID: 35462511 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20201021-00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the predictive value of D-dimer for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity in adult burn patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 3 861 adult burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Department of Burns of Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected. The patients were divided into DVT group (n=77) and non-DVT group (n=3 784) according to whether DVT of lower extremity occurred during hospitalization or not. Data of patients in the two groups were collected and compared, including the gender, age, total burn area, D-dimer level, with lower limb burn and inhalation injury or not on admission, with sepsis/septic shock, femoral vein indwelling central venous catheter (CVC), history of surgery, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells or not during hospitalization. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test. The indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen the independent risk factors for DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the independent risk factors predicting DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal threshold value, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value were calculated. The quality of the AUC was compared by Delong test, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value were compared using chi-square test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in gender, occurrence of sepsis/septic shock or history of surgery during hospitalization between patients in the two groups (P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in age, total burn area, D-dimer level, lower limb burn and inhalation injury on admission, and femoral vein indwelling CVC and infusion of concentrated red blood cells during hospitalization between patients in the two groups (t=-8.17, with Z values of -5.04 and -10.83, respectively, χ2 values of 21.83, 5.37, 7.75, and 4.52, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, total burn area, and D-dimer level were the independent risk factors for DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients (with odds ratios of 1.05, 1.02, and 1.14, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.04-1.06, 1.00-1.03, and 1.10-1.20, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC of age, total burn area, and D-dimer level for predicting DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients were 0.74, 0.67, and 0.86, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.68-0.80, 0.60-0.74, and 0.83-0.89, respectively, P values<0.01), the optimal threshold values were 50.5 years old, 10.5% total body surface area, and 1.845 mg/L, respectively, the sensitivity under the optimal threshold values were 71.4%, 70.1%, and 87.0%, respectively, and the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 66.8%, 67.2%, and 72.9%, respectively. The AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value of D-dimer level were significantly better than those of age (z=3.29, with χ2 values of 284.91 and 34.25, respectively, P<0.01) and total burn area (z=4.98, with χ2 values of 326.79 and 29.88, respectively, P<0.01), while the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold values were similar between age and total burn area (P>0.05). Conclusions: D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients, its AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value are better than those of age and total burn area, and it has good predictive value for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - C D Xia
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J H Qiu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - H P Lou
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J D Di
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
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Junying T, Jin H, Jinjin L, Xiping O, Pujun L, Xue G, Qian Z, Tingting P, Hongfei P. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with FIGO stage IIB cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yan C, Cui J, Huang L, Du B, Chen L, Xue G, Li S, Zhang W, Zhao L, Sun Y, Yao H, Li N, Zhao H, Feng Y, Liu S, Zhang Q, Liu D, Yuan J. Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:773-779. [PMID: 32276116 PMCID: PMC7144850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and compare it with RT-PCR. METHODS We designed primers specific to the orf1ab and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. Total viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. We optimized the RT-LAMP assay, and evaluated it for its sensitivity and specificity of detection using real-time turbidity monitoring and visual observation. RESULTS The primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123 amplified the genes in the shortest times, the mean (±SD) times were 18 ± 1.32 min and 20 ± 1.80 min, respectively, and 63°C was the optimum reaction temperature. The sensitivities were 2 × 101 copies and 2 × 102 copies per reaction with primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123, respectively. This assay showed no cross-reactivity with 60 other respiratory pathogens. To describe the availability of this method in clinical diagnosis, we collected 130 specimens from patients with clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 58 were confirmed to be positive and 72 were negative by RT-LAMP. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.3%-100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 93.7%-100%). This assay detected SARS-CoV-2 in a mean (±SD) time of 26.28 ± 4.48 min and the results can be identified with visual observation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that we developed a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection among clinical samples. It will be a powerful tool for SARS-CoV-2 identification, and for monitoring suspected patients, close contacts and high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yan
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - J Cui
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - L Huang
- Treatment and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - B Du
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- Beijing Macro & Micro-test Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. Beijing, China
| | - G Xue
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - S Li
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhao
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Y Sun
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - H Yao
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - N Li
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhao
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Y Feng
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - S Liu
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - D Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Centre for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - J Yuan
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China.
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Pei D, Xue G, Wu JF, Wang DM, Qin XJ. [Clinical analysis between trefoil factor 3 gene polymorphsims and susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:926-931. [PMID: 31623036 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the relationships between trefoil factor 3(TFF3) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) in Han population of northern China. Method:A case-control study was performed in 123 PTC patients and 108 healthy controls. Four SNPs in the TFF3 gene, including rs225361, rs533093, rs9981660 and rs225439, were detected by gene sequencing. Result:Compared with healthy people, there was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of rs225361, rs9981660, rs533093 and rs225439 alleles in the PTC group(P>0.05). The CGTC and CGTT haploids of TFF3 gene were positively correlated with the occurrence of PTC, and CGCC and TGTC haploids were negatively correlated with the occurrence of PTC. TT genotype of rs9981660 had significant differences in the distribution of PTC with and without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). Conclusion:Polymorphisms in 4 SNP loci in the TFF3 gene may be unrelated to the occurrence of PTC. The CGTC, CGTT, CGCC and TGTC haploids in the TFF3 gene might be related to the development of PTC. The TT genotype at rs9981660 may be associated with lymph node metastasis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pei
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - J F Wu
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - D M Wang
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - X J Qin
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
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Liu JF, Wen DH, Li XJ, Liu XY, Xue G. [Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for indeterminate thyroid nodules: comparison of the 2015ATA guidelines with the 2016 KTA/KSThR and 2017ACR guidelines]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:388-392;397. [PMID: 31163542 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the 2015ATA, 2017ACR and 2016KTA/KSThR ultrasound model for indeterminate thyroids nodules. Method: Four hundred and sixty-four patients with thyroid nodules that were initially diagnosed as indeterminate thyroids nodules by fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytology were included in this study. The clinical data and two-dimensional ultrasonographic features were compared between the benign and malignant nodules. The two-dimensional ultrasound images of all nodules were sorted by the 2015ATA, 2017ACR and 2016KTA/KSThR guideline ultrasound model grading criteria, and the malignant risk of different grading were calculated. In order to calculate the diagnosis and other indicators, the optimal threshold drawing from ROC curve was drawn to obtain the cut-off value of 2015ATA, 2017ACR and 2016KTA/KSThR. Result: ①There was no significant difference in age, sex and nodule size between benign and malignant nodules(P>0.05), and there also was no significant difference in irregular margin, microcalcification between benign and malignant nodules.②The sensitivity of the 2015ATA ultrasound model was 87.9%, slightly lower than that of the 2016KTA/KSThR and 2017ACR guidelines(P>0.05).The specificity of 2015ATA was 63.9%, which was significantly higher than that of 2016KTA/KSThR and 2017ACR guidelines(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2015ATA ultrasound model and 2016KTA/KSThR guide ultrasound for the accuracy(P>0.05), but the accuracy of 2015ATA ultrasound model was significantly higher than that of 2017ACR guide(P<0.05).③The area under the curve of 2015ATA was slightly lower than that of 2016KTA/KSThR(0.889 VS 0.902, P>0.05) and significantly higher than that of 2017ACR(0.889 VS 0.854, P<0.05). Conclusion: 2015ATA has high specificity and accuracy and moderate sensitivity for the diagnosis of benign and malignant indeterminate thyroids nodules, which is helpful for the clinical evaluation and management of such nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - D H Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - X J Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
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Li YH, Wen DH, Li CX, Li XJ, Xue G. [The role of ATA (2015) guidelines, superb microvascular imaging, and spectral Doppler in differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 31:1152-1156. [PMID: 29798347 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.15.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound patterns of 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), superb microvascular imaging (SMI), and spectral Doppler in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Method:The study included 254 thyroid nodules confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or histopathologic examination. All nodules were detected by ultrasonography, SMI, CDFI and spectral Doppler respectively. Blood flow detection technologies (CDFI and SMI) were used to classify flow distribution characteristics of thyroid nodules according to Kim's grading criteria. The optimal threshold drawing from ROC curve is calculated to obtain the cut-off value of spectral Doppler.Result:①For benign solid nodules with peripheral flow distribution and malignant solid nodules with central blood flow distribution, the display rates of SMI are higher than those of the CDFI, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). ②There was a significance difference in detecting benign and malignant nodules using spectral Doppler (P< 0.05). ③The specificity and accuracy of combinative modality 2015 ATA+SMI was significantly higher than that of ATA, SMI, and spectral Doppler. There was no significant difference between ATA+SMI and ATA+SMI+spectral Doppler for the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Conclusion:SMI had a better detection rate of blood vessels than CDFI and contribute a certain value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The combination of 2015 ATA and SMI can improve diagnostic value in the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - D H Wen
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - C X Li
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - X J Li
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - G Xue
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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Abstract
The transcription factor Twist is an important regulator of cranial suture during embryogenesis. Closure of the neural tube is achieved via Twist-triggered cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by a remarkable increase in cell motility. In the absence of Twist activity, EMT and associated phenotypic changes in cell morphology and motility can also be induced, albeit moderately, by other transcription factor families, including Snail and Zeb. Aberrant EMT triggered by Twist in human mammary tumour cells was first reported to drive metastasis to the lung in a metastatic breast cancer model. Subsequent analysis of many types of carcinoma demonstrated overexpression of these unique EMT transcription factors, which statistically correlated with worse outcome, indicating their potential as biomarkers in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying their activation remain unclear. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates they are selectively activated by distinct intracellular kinases, thereby acting as downstream effectors facilitating transduction of cytoplasmic signals into nucleus and reprogramming EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) transcription to control cell plasticity. Understanding these relationships and emerging data indicating differential phosphorylation of Twist leads to complex and even paradoxical functionalities, will be vital to unlocking their potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Li YP, Xu HB, Wei J, Li D, Xue G. [The effects of PM 2.5 and air quality index on the emergency of otolaryngology]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:7-11. [PMID: 29798202 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To discuss the effects of PM 2.5 and air quality index on the emergency of otolaryngology. Method:Collect in 2015 Beijing tongren hospital emergency department patients with acute otitis media, epistaxis, acute epiglottitis as well as the same time Beijing AQI value and the PM 2.5 density data as the experimental group 1, chooses in 2015 first Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University similar patient as well as the same time Zhangjiakou AQI value and the PM 2.5 density as the experimental group 2. Statistics the quantity of each sickness of two groups, and the relationships with PM 2.5 and AQI value; Group all data by AQI value and statistics the differences in the incidence rates of each group. Result:The number of cases of acute otitis media and epistaxis in the 2 experimental group were all correlated with the change of PM 2.5 and AQI value, and the correlation was positive between the two groups, However, the incidence of acute epiglottitis was not significantly correlated with the concentration of PM 2.5 and AQI, and there was no significant correlation between the two. The air quality when severe and more pollution when the number of the cases of acute otitis media and epistaxis compared with good air quality for the number of P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:The increase of PM 2.5 concentration and AQI index is a health risk factor for acute otitis media and epistaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - H B Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - J Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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Chen YM, Wei L, Lin X, Zhang WJ, Wu JF, Xue G. [Expression and clinical significance of Nrf2 and ERK pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:941-945. [PMID: 29798417 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and ERK sinal in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Method:PTC microassy were detected by immunohistochemical method (IHC). The expression of Nrf2, ERK₂ and p-ERK½ in PTC, para-carcimoma and normal thyroid tissue were detected by Western blot. The transcriptional level of Nrf2 mRNA in PTC, para-carcimoma and normal thyroid tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Result:Nrf2, ERK₂, p-ERK½ protein were high expression in group of lymph node metastasis PTC and negative or weak positive expression in para-carcinoma tissue (P<0.01). And the proteins of clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ of PTC groups express higher than without lymph node metastasis group and clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ of PTC group (P<0.05). The expression of Nrf2 protein was positively correlated with ERK₂ and p-ERK½ protein in PTC (r=0.723 2,r=0.668 6,P<0.05). The Western blot results of Nrf2, ERK₂, p-ERK½ had a higher level in PTC than those of paracarcinoma and normal thyroid tissue (P<0.01). The level of Nrf2 mRNA were higher than those of paracarcinoma and normal thyroid tissue (P<0.01). Conclusion:High expresion of Nrf2 may be associated with the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and may relate to the high expression and activity of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chen
- Basic Medical College, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - L Wei
- Basic Medical College, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - X Lin
- Basic Medical College, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - W J Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - J F Wu
- Basic Medical College, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University
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Xue G, Kohler R, Tang F, Hynx D, Wang Y, Orso F, Prêtre V, Ritschard R, Hirschmann P, Cron P, Roloff T, Dummer R, Mandalà M, Bichet S, Genoud C, Meyer AG, Muraro MG, Spagnoli GC, Taverna D, Rüegg C, Merghoub T, Massi D, Tang H, Levesque MP, Dirnhofer S, Zippelius A, Hemmings BA, Wicki A. mTORC1/autophagy-regulated MerTK in mutant BRAFV600 melanoma with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69204-69218. [PMID: 29050198 PMCID: PMC5642473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and the combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MEKi) were recently approved for therapy of metastatic melanomas harbouring the oncogenic BRAFV600 mutation. Although these therapies have shown pronounced therapeutic efficacy, the limited durability of the response indicates an acquired drug resistance that still remains mechanistically poorly understood at the molecular level. We conducted transcriptome gene profiling in BRAFi-treated melanoma cells and identified that Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is specifically upregulated. MerTK overexpression was demonstrated not only in melanomas resistant to BRAFi monotherapy (5 out of 10 samples from melanoma patients) but also in melanoma resistant to BRAFi+MEKi (1 out of 3), although MEKi alone does not affect MerTK. Mechanistically, BRAFi-induced activation of Zeb2 stimulates MerTK in BRAFV600 melanoma through mTORC1-triggered activation of autophagy. Co-targeting MerTK and BRAFV600 significantly reduced tumour burden in xenografted mice, which was pheno-copied by co-inhibition of autophagy and mutant BRAFV600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongda Xue
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Kohler
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fengyuan Tang
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debby Hynx
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent Prêtre
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Ritschard
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Cron
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sandrine Bichet
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra G Meyer
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Massi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Tang F, Wang Y, Hemmings BA, Rüegg C, Xue G. PKB/Akt-dependent regulation of inflammation in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:62-69. [PMID: 28476657 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of human cancer. Clinical cancer therapies against inflammatory risk factors are strategically determined. To rationally guide a novel drug development, an improved mechanistic understanding on the pathological connection between inflammation and carcinogenesis is essential. PI3K-PKB signaling axis has been extensively studied and shown to be one of the key oncogenic drivers in most types of cancer. Pharmacological inhibition of the components along this signaling axis is of great interest for developing novel therapies. Interestingly, emerging studies have shown a close association between PKB activation and inflammatory activity in the vicinity of the tumor, and either blockade of PKB or attenuation of para-tumoral inflammation reveals a mutual-interactive pattern through pathway crosstalk. In this review, we intend to discuss recent advances of PKB-regulated chronic inflammation and its potential impacts on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Novartis Pharma AG, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Pathology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Massi D, Romano E, Rulli E, Merelli B, Nassini R, De Logu F, Bieche I, Baroni G, Cattaneo L, Xue G, Mandalà M. Baseline β-catenin, programmed death-ligand 1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict response and poor prognosis in BRAF inhibitor-treated melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2017; 78:70-81. [PMID: 28412591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway in melanoma contributes to a lack of T-cell infiltration. Whether baseline β-catenin expression in the context of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) overexpression correlates with prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients (MMPs) treated with mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) monotherapy, however, has not been fully clarified. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four pre-treatment formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded melanoma samples from MMP treated with a BRAF inhibitor (n = 39) or BRAF and MEK inhibitors (n = 25) were assessed for presence of β-catenin, PD-L1, cluster of differentiation (CD)8, CD103 and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression by immunohistochemistry, and results were correlated with clinical outcome. Quantitative assessment of mRNA transcripts associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and immune response was performed in 51 patients. RESULTS We found an inverse correlation between tumoural β-catenin expression and the level of CD8, CD103 or forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) positivity in the tumour microenvironment (TME). By multivariate analysis, PD-L1 <5% (odds ratio, OR 0.12, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.03-0.53, p = 0.005) and the presence of CD8+ T cells (OR 18.27, 95%CI 2.54-131.52, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with a higher probability of response to MAPKi monotherapy. Responding patients showed a significantly increased expression of mRNA transcripts associated with adaptive immunity and antigen presentation. By multivariate analysis, progression-free survival (PFS) (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.25 95%CI 0.10-0.61, p = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.24 95%CI 0.09-0.67, p = 0.006) were longer in patients with high density of CD8+ T cells and β-catenin <10% than those without CD8+ T cells infiltration and β-catenin ≥10%. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that in the context of MAPKi monotherapy, immune subsets in the (TME) and gene signature predict prognosis in MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Massi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Merelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Gianna Baroni
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Cattaneo
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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Wang YH, Wen DH, Liu XY, Li XJ, Li YH, Xue G. [Assess the diagnostic value of MicroPure system with ultrasonography combined with mSMI in diagnosing thyroid nodules in TI-RADS 3 and 4]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:180-184. [PMID: 29871218 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To assess the diagnostic value of MicroPure system with ultrasonography combined with mSMI in diagnosing thyroid nodules inTI-RADS3 and 4; to compare the testing capability in thyroid nodules micro salcifications between MicroPure system and grey-scale ultrasonography; and to compare the diagnostic efficiency between mSMI and color doppler flow imaging (CDFI).Method:Exerting gery-scale ultrasonography and CDFI to choose 86 patients with 106 nodules (64 TI-RADS3 class nodules; 42 TI-RADS4 class nodules). These thyroid nodules were detected by grey-scale ultrasonography, CDFI, MicroPure system with ultrasonography, mSMI, and they were graded by TI-RADS. Then the ultrasound diagnosis value were compared with their FNA and surgical pathology results by gery-scale ultrasonography and CDFI; grey-scale ultrasonography and CDFI and MicroPure system; grey-scale ultrasonography and mSMI and MicroPure system, and diagnostic efficiency between mSMI and CDFI were compared, and the detectability of thyroid nodules micro salcifications between MicroPure system and grey-scale ultrasonography.Result:The results showed that combination of MicroPure system and mSMI had a higher sensitivity (91.44%, P< 0.05); The MicroPure system showed a higher testing capability compare to grey-scale ultrasonography in thyroid nodules micro salcifications (P< 0.05); The mSMI showed a higher sensitivity compared to the CDFI (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Combining mSMI and MicroPure system could improve the discreminability of TI-RADS3, 4 class thyroid nodules, then provide evidence to assess,diagnosis and treat the patients in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Wang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - D H Wen
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heibei North University
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heibei North University
| | - X J Li
- Department of Ultrosonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heibei North University
| | - Y H Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
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Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways regulate cell proliferation and survival and are therefore important for maintaining homeostasis of development. The balance between cell growth and death is achieved through orchestrated signal transduction pathways mediated by complex functional interactions between signaling axes, among which, PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK as well as JAK/STAT play a dominant role in promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In clinical cancer therapies, drug resistance is the major challenge that occurs in almost all targeted therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in research have suggested that the intrinsic pro-survival signaling crosstalk is the driving force in acquired resistance to a targeted therapy, which may be abolished by interfering with the cross-reacting network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
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Wicki A, Mandalà M, Massi D, Taverna D, Tang H, Hemmings BA, Xue G. Acquired Resistance to Clinical Cancer Therapy: A Twist in Physiological Signaling. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:805-29. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although modern therapeutic strategies have brought significant progress to cancer care in the last 30 years, drug resistance to targeted monotherapies has emerged as a major challenge. Aberrant regulation of multiple physiological signaling pathways indispensable for developmental and metabolic homeostasis, such as hyperactivation of pro-survival signaling axes, loss of suppressive regulations, and impaired functionalities of the immune system, have been extensively investigated aiming to understand the diversity of molecular mechanisms that underlie cancer development and progression. In this review, we intend to discuss the molecular mechanisms of how conventional physiological signal transduction confers to acquired drug resistance in cancer patients. We will particularly focus on protooncogenic receptor kinase inhibition-elicited tumor cell adaptation through two major core downstream signaling cascades, the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. These pathways are crucial for cell growth and differentiation and are frequently hyperactivated during tumorigenesis. In addition, we also emphasize the emerging roles of the deregulated host immune system that may actively promote cancer progression and attenuate immunosurveillance in cancer therapies. Understanding these mechanisms may help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies that are able to keep the tumor in check and even possibly turn cancer into a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Brian A. Hemmings
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
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Song XY, Shang XL, Zhang YT, Lin YT, Xu GG, Xue G, Zhang QJ, Zou F. [Investigation of CXCR4 mediated chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:887-891;896. [PMID: 29797935 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Since nasopharyngeal carcinoma is easy to develop resistance during cisplatin-based chemotherapy,CXCR4 expression levels were elevated in mang tumors,and the factor to do with tumor metastasis and chemotherapy drug resistance,and so on has a very important link.We established cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, named as CNE2/DDP, and investigated the function of CXCR4 in molecular mechanism behind this resistance.Method:CNE2/DDP was firstly build up by increasing concentration of cisplatin. And then afterwards,MTT assay, RNA interference techniques, microRNA overexpresion techniques, quantative PCR and western blotting were applied to analyze the function of CXCR4 and its downstream effectors.Result:①the expression of CXCR4 was increased in CNE2/DDP and downregulation of CXCR4 with CXCR4 siRNA was able to decrease the resistance of CNE/DDP to cisplatin; ②the expression of let-7a was decrease in CNE2/DDP, while the expression of bcl-2 was increased. Upregulation of let-7a via transfection of let-7a mimics could downregulate the expression of bcl-2 and damage the resistance of CNE2/DDP to cisplation;③downregulation of CXCR4 through CXCR4 siRNA transfection was capable of improving the expression of let-7a. Conclusion:We were the first to found that CXCR4 was related to chemoresistance of CNE2/DPP to cisplatin. Meanwhile, we confirmed that CXCR4 affected the expression of bcl-2 through regulating the expression of let-7a to modulate the chemoresistance of CNE2/DPP to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Song
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - X L Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Attached Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - Y T Zhang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - Y T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Attached Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - G G Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Attached Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Attached Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - Q J Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Attached Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - F Zou
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou,075000,China
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18
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Liu YC, Wei J, Li YP, Li D, Liu YB, Xu GG, Xue G, Lin YT, Shang XL. [Study on anti-oxidase in smoking-related laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:733-736. [PMID: 29771025 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the role of oxidative stress in smoking-related laryngeal squamous carcinoma through detecting the expression of antioxidant enzymes in smoking patients. Method:A total of 138 cases with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma enrolled in the first hospital affiliated the northern he bei college from 2012 to 2015 and forty five volunteers were conducted. All participants were divided into three groups according to smoking index: group A(heavy smoking, 88 cases of laryngeal cancer patients) and group B(no smoking 50 cases of laryngeal cancer patients) and C group(45 heavy smoking volunteers).Catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the expression of NRF2 in serum, tissue adjacent to carcinoma, and carcinoma tissues from each groups were measured, respectively. Result:①the expression of the CAT and GSH-px in group A were significantly lower than that of group B(P <0.05), but higher than that of group C(P <0.05); ②the MDA level of group A is significantly higher than group B(P <0.05) and C group(P <0.01);③NRF2 was highly expressed in carcinoma tissues, and the expression level was negatively correlated with degree of carcinoma differentiation (P <0.05). Conclusion:Compared with nonsmoking patients, heavy smoking patients with laryngeal cancer were under more severe oxidative stress. NRF2 expression level in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas was associated with pathological stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - J Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Y B Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G G Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Y T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - X L Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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Tang F, Gill J, Ficht X, Barthlott T, Cornils H, Schmitz-Rohmer D, Hynx D, Zhou D, Zhang L, Xue G, Grzmil M, Yang Z, Hergovich A, Hollaender GA, Stein JV, Hemmings BA, Matthias P. The kinases NDR1/2 act downstream of the Hippo homolog MST1 to mediate both egress of thymocytes from the thymus and lymphocyte motility. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra100. [PMID: 26443704 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine and threonine kinase MST1 is the mammalian homolog of Hippo. MST1 is a critical mediator of the migration, adhesion, and survival of T cells; however, these functions of MST1 are independent of signaling by its typical effectors, the kinase LATS and the transcriptional coactivator YAP. The kinase NDR1, a member of the same family of kinases as LATS, functions as a tumor suppressor by preventing T cell lymphomagenesis, which suggests that it may play a role in T cell homeostasis. We generated and characterized mice with a T cell-specific double knockout of Ndr1 and Ndr2 (Ndr DKO). Compared with control mice, Ndr DKO mice exhibited a substantial reduction in the number of naïve T cells in their secondary lymphoid organs. Mature single-positive thymocytes accumulated in the thymus in Ndr DKO mice. We also found that NDRs acted downstream of MST1 to mediate the egress of mature thymocytes from the thymus, as well as the interstitial migration of naïve T cells within popliteal lymph nodes. Together, our findings indicate that the kinases NDR1 and NDR2 function as downstream effectors of MST1 to mediate thymocyte egress and T cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason Gill
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Barthlott
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Basel University Children's Hospital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hauke Cornils
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Debby Hynx
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Grzmil
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 210061 Nanjing, China
| | | | - Georg A Hollaender
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Basel University Children's Hospital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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Massi D, Brusa D, Merelli B, Falcone C, Xue G, Carobbio A, Nassini R, Baroni G, Tamborini E, Cattaneo L, Audrito V, Deaglio S, Mandalà M. The status of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells predict resistance and poor prognosis in BRAFi-treated melanoma patients harboring mutant BRAFV600. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1980-1987. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Xue G, Zippelius A, Wicki A, Mandala M, Tang F, Massi D, Hemmings BA. Integrated Akt/PKB Signaling in Immunomodulation and Its Potential Role in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv171. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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22
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Massi D, Simi L, Sensi E, Baroni G, Xue G, Scatena C, Caldarella A, Pinzani P, Fontanini G, Carobbio A, Urso C, Mandalà M. Immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of NRASQ61R mutation in melanoma. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:487-97. [PMID: 25341653 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Testing for NRAS is now integral part in the assessment of metastatic melanoma patients because there is evidence that NRAS-mutated patients may be sensitive to MEK inhibitors, and RAS mutation is a common mechanism of acquired resistance during treatment with BRAF inhibitors. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical analysis using an N-Ras (Q61R) antibody to detect the presence of the NRASQ61R mutation in melanoma patients. A total of 98 primary cutaneous melanomas that have undergone examination of NRAS mutation were retrieved from a multicentric database. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded melanoma tissues were analyzed for BRAF and NRAS mutations by independent, blinded observers using both conventional DNA molecular techniques and immunohistochemistry with the novel anti-human N-Ras (Q61R) monoclonal antibody (clone SP174). The antibody showed a sensitivity of 100% (14/14) and a specificity of 100% (83/83) for detecting the presence of an NRASQ61R mutation. Of the NRAS-mutated cases, none of the non-Q61R cases stained positive with the antibody (0/7). There were three cases with discordant NRAS mutational results. Additional molecular analysis confirmed the immunohistochemically obtained NRAS result in all cases, suggesting that a multiple analytical approach can be required to reach the correct sample classification. The reported immunohistochemical method is an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for detecting NRASQ61R mutation in melanoma patients, and represents a valuable supplement to traditional mutation testing. If validated in further studies, genetic testing would only be required for immunohistochemistry-negative patients to detect non-Q61R mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Massi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Simi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Sensi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, UO Pathological Anatomy III, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianna Baroni
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gongda Xue
- Unit of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Adele Caldarella
- Clinical and Descriptive Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Study and Cancer Prevention (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Pinzani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmelo Urso
- Dermatopathology Section, SM Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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Takeshima SN, Miyasaka T, Matsumoto Y, Xue G, Diaz VDLB, Rogberg-Muñoz A, Giovambattista G, Ortiz M, Oltra J, Kanemaki M, Onuma M, Aida Y. Assessment of biodiversity in Chilean cattle using the distribution of major histocompatibility complex class II BoLA-DRB3 allele. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 85:35-44. [PMID: 25430590 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukocyte antigens (BoLAs) are used extensively as markers for bovine disease and immunological traits. In this study, we estimated BoLA-DRB3 allele frequencies using 888 cattle from 10 groups, including seven cattle breeds and three crossbreeds: 99 Red Angus, 100 Black Angus, 81 Chilean Wagyu, 49 Hereford, 95 Hereford × Angus, 71 Hereford × Jersey, 20 Hereford × Overo Colorado, 113 Holstein, 136 Overo Colorado, and 124 Overo Negro cattle. Forty-six BoLA-DRB3 alleles were identified, and each group had between 12 and 29 different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. Overo Negro had the highest number of alleles (29); this breed is considered in Chile to be an 'Old type' European Holstein Friesian descendant. By contrast, we detected 21 alleles in Holstein cattle, which are considered to be a 'Present type' Holstein Friesian cattle. Chilean cattle groups and four Japanese breeds were compared by neighbor-joining trees and a principal component analysis (PCA). The phylogenetic tree showed that Red Angus and Black Angus cattle were in the same clade, crossbreeds were closely related to their parent breeds, and Holstein cattle from Chile were closely related to Holstein cattle in Japan. Overall, the tree provided a thorough description of breed history. It also showed that the Overo Negro breed was closely related to the Holstein breed, consistent with historical data indicating that Overo Negro is an 'Old type' Holstein Friesian cattle. This allelic information will be important for investigating the relationship between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-N Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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24
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Tang F, Zhang L, Xue G, Hynx D, Wang Y, Cron PD, Hundsrucker C, Hergovich A, Frank S, Hemmings BA, Schmitz-Rohmer D. hMOB3 modulates MST1 apoptotic signaling and supports tumor growth in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3779-89. [PMID: 24872389 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic targets are needed that circumvent inherent therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we report such a candidate target in the uncharacterized adaptor protein hMOB3, which we show is upregulated in GBM. In a search for its biochemical function, we found that hMOB3 specifically interacts with MST1 kinase in response to apoptotic stimuli and cell-cell contact. Moreover, hMOB3 negatively regulated apoptotic signaling by MST1 in GBM cells by inhibiting the MST1 cleavage-based activation process. Physical interaction between hMOB3 and MST1 was essential for this process. In vivo investigations established that hMOB3 sustains GBM cell growth at high cell density and promotes tumorigenesis. Our results suggest hMOB3 as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Gongda Xue
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Debby Hynx
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Peter D Cron
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Christian Hundsrucker
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
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Deng H, Xie J, Gu Y, Meng Q, Shen W, Liang W, Xue G, Wang P, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L. C0140: The Phenotypes and Conformational Analysis of Nine Hereditary PC Deficiency Pedigrees in China. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Xue G, Kwapinska M, Horvat A, Kwapinski W, Rabou LPLM, Dooley S, Czajka KM, Leahy JJ. Gasification of torrefied Miscanthus × giganteus in an air-blown bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Bioresour Technol 2014; 159:397-403. [PMID: 24681300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Torrefaction is suggested to be an effective method to improve the fuel properties of biomass and gasification of torrefied biomass should provide a higher quality product gas than that from unprocessed biomass. In this study, both raw and torrefied Miscanthus × giganteus (M×G) were gasified in an air-blown bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier using olivine as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER) (0.18-0.32) and bed temperature (660-850°C) on the gasification performance were investigated. The results obtained suggest the optimum gasification conditions for the torrefied M × G are ER 0.21 and 800°C. The product gas from these process conditions had a higher heating value (HHV) of 6.70 MJ/m(3), gas yield 2m(3)/kg biomass (H2 8.6%, CO 16.4% and CH4 4.4%) and cold gas efficiency 62.7%. The comparison between raw and torrefied M × G indicates that the torrefied M × G is more suitable BFB gasification.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xue
- Carbolea, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Kwapinska
- Competence Centre for Biorefining & Biofuels, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Horvat
- Carbolea, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - L P L M Rabou
- Energy Research Centre of Netherlands (ECN), Biomass & Energy Efficiency, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - S Dooley
- Carbolea, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - K M Czajka
- Energy Engineering and Technology Division, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - J J Leahy
- Carbolea, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Xue G, Yan HL, Zhang Y, Hao LQ, Zhu XT, Mei Q, Sun SH. c-Myc-mediated repression of miR-15-16 in hypoxia is induced by increased HIF-2α and promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by upregulating FGF2. Oncogene 2014; 34:1393-406. [PMID: 24704828 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have established the link between aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression and hypoxia in various neoplasms. However, how these hypoxia-related miRNAs modulate tumor progression is still unclear. Therefore, the patterns of miRNA in colorectal carcinoma cell lines in response to hypoxia or not were first screened and the hypoxia-induced repression of the miR-15-16 cluster was confirmed. Then, this repression was found to be associated with high tumor stage and poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma and is shown to promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by the loss of restriction of its target gene, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). Moreover, the general and alterative promoters of the miR-15-16 host (deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2, DLEU2) were mapped, and three c-Myc/Max binding sites in response to the hypoxia-induced repression of miR-15-16 were further identified. Finally, an enhanced stability of c-Myc/Max heterodimer promoted by increased hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) was validated, and we also verified that the enhancement contributed to the hypoxia-induced repression of miR-15-16. In brief, the c-Myc-mediated transcriptional repression of miR-15-16 in hypoxia is induced by increased HIF-2α and promoted tumor angiogenesis and hematogenous metastasis by the further loss of post-transcriptional inhibition of FGF2. Our study provides a better understanding of the coping mechanisms in response to tumor hypoxia and may be helpful in developing an effective prognostic marker or treatment target against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xue
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H-L Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - L-Q Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-T Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Mei
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-H Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The trefoil factor (TFF) family, which comprises TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3, plays an essential role in epithelial regeneration within the gastrointestinal tract. All three TFFs are present in human saliva; TFF3 is the predominant trefoil peptide. Little is known about the expression and tissue distribution of TFFs in rats, which are commonly used as a model system for human studies. We investigated the localization of the TFF genes that encode secretory peptides in rat submandibular glands (SMG). All three TFFs were expressed in rat SMG, although their location varied. Substantial amounts of TFF1 were detected only in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the SMG granular convoluted tubules (GCT), while TFF2 and TFF3 were widely distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of intercalated ducts (ID), striated ducts (SD) and interlobular ducts (ILD). The three TFFs also were detected especially in the lumens of the SD and ILD. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization experiments confirmed TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 mRNA expressions in the SMG. Greater expression of TFF peptides and mRNA was observed in male rats than in females. The broad expression of TFFs in rat SMG cells and lumens suggests that TFFs function in this organ by their secretion into the duct lumens. We also found differences in TFF expression profiles between rat and human SMG; therefore, caution should be exercised when using rats as a model for human TFF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University , Zhangjiakou
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Eigenmann DE, Xue G, Kim KS, Moses AV, Hamburger M, Oufir M. Comparative study of four immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cell lines, hCMEC/D3, hBMEC, TY10, and BB19, and optimization of culture conditions, for an in vitro blood-brain barrier model for drug permeability studies. Fluids Barriers CNS 2013; 10:33. [PMID: 24262108 PMCID: PMC4176484 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-10-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable human in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models suitable for high-throughput screening are urgently needed in early drug discovery and development for assessing the ability of promising bioactive compounds to overcome the BBB. To establish an improved human in vitro BBB model, we compared four currently available and well characterized immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cell lines, hCMEC/D3, hBMEC, TY10, and BB19, with respect to barrier tightness and paracellular permeability. Co-culture systems using immortalized human astrocytes (SVG-A cell line) and immortalized human pericytes (HBPCT cell line) were designed with the aim of positively influencing barrier tightness. Methods Tight junction (TJ) formation was assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements using a conventional epithelial voltohmmeter (EVOM) and an automated CellZscope system which records TEER and cell layer capacitance (CCL) in real-time. Paracellular permeability was assessed using two fluorescent marker compounds with low BBB penetration (sodium fluorescein (Na-F) and lucifer yellow (LY)). Conditions were optimized for each endothelial cell line by screening a series of 24-well tissue culture inserts from different providers. For hBMEC cells, further optimization was carried out by varying coating material, coating procedure, cell seeding density, and growth media composition. Biochemical characterization of cell type-specific transmembrane adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and of TJ proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5 were carried out for each endothelial cell line. In addition, immunostaining for ZO-1 in hBMEC cell line was performed. Results The four cell lines all expressed the endothelial cell type-specific adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. The TJ protein ZO-1 was expressed in hCMEC/D3 and in hBMEC cells. ZO-1 expression could be confirmed in hBMEC cells by immunocytochemical staining. Claudin-5 expression was detected in hCMEC/D3, TY10, and at a very low level in hBMEC cells. Highest TEER values and lowest paracellular permeability for Na-F and LY were obtained with mono-cultures of hBMEC cell line when cultivated on 24-well tissue culture inserts from Greiner Bio-one® (transparent PET membrane, 3.0 μm pore size). In co-culture models with SVG-A and HBPCT cells, no increase of TEER could be observed, suggesting that none of the investigated endothelial cell lines responded positively to stimuli from immortalized astrocytic or pericytic cells. Conclusions Under the conditions examined in our experiments, hBMEC proved to be the most suitable human cell line for an in vitro BBB model concerning barrier tightness in a 24-well mono-culture system intended for higher throughput. This BBB model is being validated with several compounds (known to cross or not to cross the BBB), and will potentially be selected for the assessment of BBB permeation of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Eigenmann
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Wang Y, Li J, Chen C, Chen C, Zhu B, Moysis RK, Lei X, Li H, Liu Q, Xiu D, Liu B, Chen W, Xue G, Dong Q. COMT rs4680 Met is not always the 'smart allele': Val allele is associated with better working memory and larger hippocampal volume in healthy Chinese. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:323-9. [PMID: 23421762 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism plays a crucial role in regulating brain dopamine level. Converging evidence from Caucasian samples showed that, compared with rs4680 Val allele, the Met allele was linked to lower COMT activity, which in turn was linked to better cognitive performance such as working memory (WM) and to a larger hippocampus (a brain region important for WM). However, some behavioral studies have shown that the function of rs4680 appears to vary across different ethnic groups, with Chinese subjects showing an opposite pattern as that for Caucasians (i.e. the Val allele is linked to better cognitive functions related to WM in Chinese). Using a sample of healthy Han Chinese college students (ages from 19 to 21 years), this study investigated the association of COMT Val158Met genotype with behavioral data on a two-back WM task (n = 443, 189M/254F) and T1 MRI data (n = 320, 134M/186F). Results showed that, compared to the Met allele, the Val allele was associated with larger hippocampal volume (the right hippocampus: β = -0.118, t = -2.367, P = 0.019, and the left hippocampus: β = -0.099, t = -1.949, P = 0.052) and better WM performance (β = -0.110, t = -2.315, P = 0.021). These results add to the growing literature on differentiated effects of COMT rs4680 polymorphism on WM across populations and offer a brain structural mechanism for such population-specific genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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31
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Xue G, Restuccia DF, Lan Q, Hynx D, Dirnhofer S, Hess D, Rüegg C, Hemmings BA. Akt/PKB-mediated phosphorylation of Twist1 promotes tumor metastasis via mediating cross-talk between PI3K/Akt and TGF-β signaling axes. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:248-59. [PMID: 22585995 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metastatic breast tumor cells display an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that increases cell motility, invasion, and dissemination. Although the transcription factor Twist1 has been shown to contribute to EMT and cancer metastasis, the signaling pathways regulating Twist1 activity are poorly understood. Here, we show that Twist1 is ubiquitously phosphorylated in 90% of 1,532 invasive human breast tumors. Akt/protein kinase B (PKB)-mediated Twist1 phosphorylation promotes EMT and breast cancer metastasis by modulating its transcriptional target TGF-β2, leading to enhanced TGF-β receptor signaling, which in turn maintains hyperactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Preventing phosphorylation of Twist1, as well as depletion of TGF-β2, significantly impaired the metastatic potential of cancer cells in vivo, indicating a key role of phosphorylated Twist1 (phospho-Twist1) in mediating cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β/Smad signaling axes that supports metastatic tumor development. Our results describe a novel signaling event linking PI3K/Akt hyperactivation in tumor cells to direct regulation of Twist1 activation and tumor metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE We identified the first phospho-Twist1 transcriptional target TGF-β2, which mediates cross-talk between PI3K/Akt and TGF-β signaling and promotes tumor metastasis. Our results thus illustrate a direct role of PI3K/Akt signaling in metastatic cancer development and suggest that Twist1 phosphorylation could be a potential therapeutic target in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongda Xue
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndrome that is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. By screening the core promoters of hMSH2, hMLH1, and hMSH6 in 37 Chinese suspected HNPCC families, a novel germline mutation c.-78_-79delGT was found in the hMSH2 promoter. Its pathogenic effects were supported by the following findings: (a) it co-segregated with HNPCC-related cancers and was not present in the 220 control subjects, (b) tumors harboring the mutation lacked the expression of hMSH2 and showed high microsatellite instability, (c) it significantly decreased the promoter activity, and (d) it abolished the binding ability of the transcription factor E1A-F. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found in three of the tumors studied. Intriguingly, in the tumors from patients II:1 and III:1, LOH occurred in the wild-type allele and agreed well with the traditional 'two-hit' model. In contrast, in the tumor from patient III:3, LOH occurred in the mutant allele. A pathogenic somatic mutation (c.2210+1G>A) was also found in this tumor; therefore, we proposed that the 'second hit' was inactivated by somatic mutation, and the mutant allele was lost during tumor progression; this provided evidence for the new hypothesis for the dual role of LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Affiliation(s)
- W. P. Shi
- a Department of Chemistry , Suzhou University , Suzhou , 215006 , China
| | - W. Q. Zhou
- a Department of Chemistry , Suzhou University , Suzhou , 215006 , China
| | - Y. Cao
- a Department of Chemistry , Suzhou University , Suzhou , 215006 , China
| | - X. B. Wan
- b Department of Chemistry , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - G. Xue
- b Department of Chemistry , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
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Casanova CL, Xue G, Taracha EL, Dobbelaere DA. Post-translational signal peptide cleavage controls differential epitope recognition in the QP-rich domain of recombinant Theileria parva PIM. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006; 149:144-54. [PMID: 16806529 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the schizont stage of the obligate intracellular parasites Theileria parva or T. annulata in the cytoplasm of an infected leukocyte results in host cell transformation via a mechanism that has not yet been elucidated. Proteins, secreted by the schizont, or expressed on its surface, are of interest as they can interact with host cell molecules that regulate host cell proliferation and/or survival. The major schizont surface protein is the polymorphic immunodominant molecule, PIM, which contains a large glutamine- and proline-rich domain (QP-rd) that protrudes into the host cell cytoplasm. Analyzing QP-rd generated by in vitro transcription/translation, we found that the signal peptide was efficiently cleaved post-translationally upon addition of T cell lysate or canine pancreatic microsomes, whereas signal peptide cleavage of a control protein only occurred cotranslationally and in the presence of microsomal membranes. The QP-rd of PIM migrated anomalously in SDS-PAGE and removal of the 19 amino acids corresponding to the predicted signal peptide caused a decrease in apparent molecular mass of 24kDa. The molecule was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that recognize a set of previously defined PIM epitopes. Depending on the presence or the absence of the signal peptide, two conformational states could be demonstrated that are differentially recognized, with N-terminal epitopes becoming readily accessible upon signal peptide removal, and C-terminal epitopes becoming masked. Similar observations were made when the QP-rd of PIM was expressed in bacteria. Our observations could also be of relevance to other schizont proteins. A recent analysis of the proteomes of T. parva and T. annulata revealed the presence of a large family of potentially secreted proteins, characterized by the presence of large stretches of amino acids that are also particularly rich in QP-residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Casanova
- Molecular Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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36
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Abstract
Three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) supplied with different carbon sources were investigated. The system supplied with glucose gained the best enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), although all of them were seeded from the same sludge. With the measurement of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) concentration, phosphorus content in sludge and extracellular exopolymers (EPs) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), it was found that the biosorption effect of EPs played an important role in phosphorus removal and that the amount of PHA at the end of anaerobic phase was not the only key factor to determine the following phosphorus removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai, China
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Xue G, Yu WT, Fang Q. Crystal structure of 2,3-bis(2-cyanoethylthio)-6,7-vinylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene, C14H10N2S8. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2004. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2004.219.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract C14H10N2S8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.753(2) Å, b = 11.403(3) Å, c = 12.371(5) Å, α = 64.10(2)°, β = 84.62(2)°, γ = 77.34(2)°, V = 959.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.061, wRref(F2) = 0.168, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Xue
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| | - W.-T. Yu
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Q. Fang
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
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38
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Xu W, Fang Q, Xue G, Yu WT. Crystal structure of tetra-n-butylammonium (1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato)-( diethyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)-nickelate(II), (C16H36N)(C8H10NNiS7). Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang ZM, Yu WT, Yuan DR, Wang XQ, Xue G, Shi XZ, Xu D, Lv MK. Crystal structure of tricalcium tantalum trigallium disilicon oxide, Ca3TaGa3Si2O14. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ca3Ga3O14Si2Ta, trigonal, P321 (No. 150), a = 8.1081(4) Å, c = 4.9850(4) Å, V = 283.8 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.025, wRref(F2) = 0.064, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.-M. Wang
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - W.-T. Yu
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - D.-R. Yuan
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - X.-Q. Wang
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - G. Xue
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - X.-Z. Shi
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - D. Xu
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - M.-K. Lv
- 1Shandong University, Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Yu WT, Xue G, Fang Q, Liu GQ. Crystal structure of 4,5-bis(2′-cyanoethylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, C9H8N2S5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Wang ZM, Yu WT, Yuan DR, Wang XQ, Xue G, Shi XZ, Xu D, Lv MK. Crystal structure of tricalcium tantalum trigallium disilicon oxide, Ca3TaGa3Si2O14. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Xue G, Yu WT, Fang Q. Crystal structure of 4,5-(ethoxyethylenedithio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, C7H8OS5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC7H8OS5, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 8.3699(7) Å, b = 17.573(2) Å, c = 7.5305(7) Å, β = 103.584(7)°, V = 1076.6 Å3, Z=4, Rgt(F) = 0.033, wRref(F2) = 0.082, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Xue
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100 P. R. China
| | - W.-T. Yu
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Q. Fang
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100 P. R. China
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Xu W, Fang Q, Xue G, Yu WT. Crystal structure of tetra-n-butylammonium (1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato)-( diethyldithiocarbamato-S,S')-nickelate(II), (C16H36N)(C8H10NNiS7). Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC24H46N2NiS7, monoclinic, C1c1 (No. 9), a = 8.846(2) Å, b = 24.702(6) Å, c = 15.392(3) Å, β = 95.12(1)°, V = 3349.9Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.059, wRref(F2) = 0.166, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Xu
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Q. Fang
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong, 250100 P. R. China
| | - G. Xue
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong, 250100 P. R. China
| | - W.-T. Yu
- 1Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Jinan, Shandong, 250100 P. R. China
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44
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Cui Y, Fang Q, Lei H, Xue G, Yu W. Syntheses, structures and second-order nonlinear optical properties of octupolar compounds: 2,4,6-tri-substituted s-triazine. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou D, Xue G, Li L, Chen J, Wang Z. Depletion effect on partial organization of atactic polymer chain segments in microcells. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2003; 11:111-115. [PMID: 15011051 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2003-10010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glass transition for atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (a-PMMA) prepared in nano-cells by microemulsion polymerization was measured at a faster heating rate after slow cooling of the sample from a temperature above Tg. An additional enthalpy relaxation and glass transition were observed at higher temperatures for the a-PMMA sample due to the partial organization of the chain segments which occurred during microemulsion polymerization. The re-precipitated a-PMMA did not show any self-organization under the same thermal conditions, although there are no changes in molecular weight or tacticity of the polymer chains. A depletion-interaction phenomenon was understood to provide entropic force for the self-organization of polymer chains inside the walls of the microemulsion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chemistry Building, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PRC
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Xue G, Wang Y, Gu X, Lu Y. Rapid Crystallization of Isotactic Polystyrene by Shock-Cooling and Subsequent Freeze-Drying of Its Very Dilute Solution. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00092a050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Xue G, Wang Y, Liu S, Liao YT. FT-IR Study of Concentration Dependence for Crystallization of Isotactic Polystyrene Arising from Freeze-Drying Dilute Solutions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00116a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Abstract
A computer-controlled galvanometer scanner is adapted for scanning a focused laser beam across a 96-capillary array for laser-induced fluorescence detection. The signal at a single photomultiplier tube is temporally sorted to distinguish among the capillaries. The limit of detection for fluoresceins is 3 x 10(-11) M (S/N = 3) for 5 mW of total laser power scanned at 4 Hz. The observed cross-talk among capillaries is 0.2%. Advantages include the efficient utilization of light due to the high duty-cycle of step scan, good detection performance due to the reduction of stray light, ruggedness due to the small mass of the galvanometer mirror, low cost due to the simplicity of components, and flexibility due to the independent paths for excitation and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xue
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE and Department of Chemistry Iowa State University, USA
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Ge JJ, Li CY, Xue G, Mann IK, Zhang D, Wang SY, Harris FW, Cheng SZ, Hong SC, Zhuang X, Shen YR. Rubbing-induced molecular reorientation on an alignment surface of an aromatic polyimide containing cyanobiphenyl side chains. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5768-76. [PMID: 11403611 DOI: 10.1021/ja0042682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface lamellar decoration (SLD), surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and optical second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments have been utilized to study the molecular orientation and conformation changes at a rubbed polyimide alignment-layer surface. This aromatic polyimide containing pendent cyanobiphenyl mesogens was synthesized via a polycondensation of 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxy-phenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) with bis[omega-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)phenoxy]hexyl] 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylate (nCBBP, n = 6), abbreviated as 6FDA--6CBBP. Uniform alignment layers, possessing high pretilt angles ranging from 39 degrees to 43 degrees, have been achieved after mechanical rubbing of the polyimide thin film surface at room temperature and subsequent annealing. This is the first time that high pretilt angles have been detected to possess a negative angle (-theta(c)) with respect to the rubbing direction (i.e., opposite to the rubbing direction), considerably different from the conventional pretilt angle (theta(c)) observed along the rubbing direction. This observation is confirmed using magnetic null and SHG methods. Combined polyethylene (PE) SLD and atomic force microscopy experiments reveal that the azimuthal orientation distribution of the long axis of the edge-on PE lamellar crystals is oriented normal to the rubbing direction, indicating that the PE chains are aligned parallel to the rubbing direction. This SLD technique probes the anisotropic surface orientation of the outermost molecules of the rubbed polyimide layer. The SERS results show that prior to rubbing the surface, both the pendent cyanobiphenyls in the side chains and backbones possess nearly planar chain conformations at the polyimide surface. Mechanical rubbing causes not only tilting of the backbone moieties, such as imide-phenylene structure, but also significant conformational rearrangements of the pendent side chains at the surfaces. The molecular mechanism of this unusual alignment is due to the fact that the pendent cyanobiphenyls forms a uniformly tilted conformation on the rubbed surface, and the polar cyano groups point down toward the layer surface deduced from SHG phase measurements. This conformational rearrangement of the side chains results in the formation of fold-like bent structures on the surface, which directly leads to the long axis of cyanobiphenyls having the -theta(c) pretilt angle with respect to the rubbing direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ge
- The Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, USA
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Abstract
On-line capillary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection was successfully demonstrated for individual DNA molecules. A single 30-microm-i.d. fused-silica capillary was used both as the reaction vessel and for isolating single molecules. SYBR green I dye was added into the reaction mixture for dynamic fluorescent labeling. Because of the small inside diameter of the capillary, PCR-amplified DNA fragments from single molecules were localized in the capillary, providing discrete product zones with concentrations at readily detectable levels. By counting the number of peaks in the capillary via electromigration past a detection window, the number of starting DNA molecules could be determined. With selective primer design, only the molecule of interest was detected. Amplification of the 110-bp fragment from an individual human beta-globin gene and the 142-bp fragment from an individual HIV-1 DNA was demonstrated. This opens the possibility of highly selective and sensitive disease diagnosis at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa 50011, USA
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