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AbdusSalam SS, Agocs FJ, Allanach BC, Athron P, Balázs C, Bagnaschi E, Bechtle P, Buchmueller O, Beniwal A, Bhom J, Bloor S, Bringmann T, Buckley A, Butter A, Camargo-Molina JE, Chrzaszcz M, Conrad J, Cornell JM, Danninger M, de Blas J, De Roeck A, Desch K, Dolan M, Dreiner H, Eberhardt O, Ellis J, Farmer B, Fedele M, Flächer H, Fowlie A, Gonzalo TE, Grace P, Hamer M, Handley W, Harz J, Heinemeyer S, Hoof S, Hotinli S, Jackson P, Kahlhoefer F, Kowalska K, Krämer M, Kvellestad A, Martinez ML, Mahmoudi F, Santos DM, Martinez GD, Mishima S, Olive K, Paul A, Prim MT, Porod W, Raklev A, Renk JJ, Rogan C, Roszkowski L, Ruiz de Austri R, Sakurai K, Scaffidi A, Scott P, Sessolo EM, Stefaniak T, Stöcker P, Su W, Trojanowski S, Trotta R, Sming Tsai YL, Van den Abeele J, Valli M, Vincent AC, Weiglein G, White M, Wienemann P, Wu L, Zhang Y. Simple and statistically sound recommendations for analysing physical theories. Rep Prog Phys 2022; 85:052201. [PMID: 35522172 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac60ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fruzsina J Agocs
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Athron
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Csaba Balázs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Philip Bechtle
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Buchmueller
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ankit Beniwal
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jihyun Bhom
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sanjay Bloor
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Torsten Bringmann
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andy Buckley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Butter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marcin Chrzaszcz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Cornell
- Department of Physics, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson St., Dept. 2508, Ogden, UT 84408, United States of America
| | - Matthias Danninger
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby B.C., Canada
| | - Jorge de Blas
- Institute of Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Albert De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Desch
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew Dolan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Herbert Dreiner
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Otto Eberhardt
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, IFIC-UV/CSIC, Apt. Correus 22085, E-46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - John Ellis
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Farmer
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Marco Fedele
- Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Henning Flächer
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Fowlie
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tomás E Gonzalo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Grace
- ARC Centre for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Matthias Hamer
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Will Handley
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Harz
- Physik Department T70, James-Franck-Straße, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sven Heinemeyer
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Hoof
- Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Selim Hotinli
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Jackson
- ARC Centre for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Felix Kahlhoefer
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 14, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kamila Kowalska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Krämer
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 14, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anders Kvellestad
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Farvah Mahmoudi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Diego Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gregory D Martinez
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | | | - Keith Olive
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Ayan Paul
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tobias Prim
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Porod
- University of Würzburg, Emil-Hilb-Weg 22, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Are Raklev
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janina J Renk
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Rogan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
| | - Leszek Roszkowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kazuki Sakurai
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Scaffidi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Pat Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Tim Stefaniak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Stöcker
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 14, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wei Su
- ARC Centre for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Trojanowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roberto Trotta
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- SISSA International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yue-Lin Sming Tsai
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mauro Valli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States of America
| | - Aaron C Vincent
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Arthur B McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Georg Weiglein
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin White
- ARC Centre for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Wienemann
- University of Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ciurlo A, Campbell RD, Morris MR, Do T, Ghez AM, Hees A, Sitarski BN, Kosmo O'Neil K, Chu DS, Martinez GD, Naoz S, Stephan AP. A population of dust-enshrouded objects orbiting the Galactic black hole. Nature 2020; 577:337-340. [PMID: 31942053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The central 0.1 parsecs of the Milky Way host a supermassive black hole identified with the position of the radio and infrared source Sagittarius A* (refs. 1,2), a cluster of young, massive stars (the S stars3) and various gaseous features4,5. Recently, two unusual objects have been found to be closely orbiting Sagittarius A*: the so-called G sources, G1 and G2. These objects are unresolved (having a size of the order of 100 astronomical units, except at periapse, where the tidal interaction with the black hole stretches them along the orbit) and they show both thermal dust emission and line emission from ionized gas6-10. G1 and G2 have generated attention because they appear to be tidally interacting with the supermassive Galactic black hole, possibly enhancing its accretion activity. No broad consensus has yet been reached concerning their nature: the G objects show the characteristics of gas and dust clouds but display the dynamical properties of stellar-mass objects. Here we report observations of four additional G objects, all lying within 0.04 parsecs of the black hole and forming a class that is probably unique to this environment. The widely varying orbits derived for the six G objects demonstrate that they were commonly but separately formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciurlo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Mark R Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tuan Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea M Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, Paris, France
| | | | - Kelly Kosmo O'Neil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Devin S Chu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory D Martinez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Smadar Naoz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander P Stephan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Do T, Hees A, Ghez A, Martinez GD, Chu DS, Jia S, Sakai S, Lu JR, Gautam AK, O’Neil KK, Becklin EE, Morris MR, Matthews K, Nishiyama S, Campbell R, Chappell S, Chen Z, Ciurlo A, Dehghanfar A, Gallego-Cano E, Kerzendorf WE, Lyke JE, Naoz S, Saida H, Schödel R, Takahashi M, Takamori Y, Witzel G, Wizinowich P. Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic Center supermassive black hole. Science 2019; 365:664-668. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelien Hees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Sytèmes de Référence Temps Espace, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregory D. Martinez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Devin S. Chu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siyao Jia
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica R. Lu
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Abhimat K. Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Kosmo O’Neil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric E. Becklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Universities Space Research Association/Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N232-12, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Mark R. Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keith Matthews
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 301-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shogo Nishiyama
- Faculty of Education, Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Randy Campbell
- W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Samantha Chappell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Ciurlo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arezu Dehghanfar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, 414 Rue de la Piscine, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Héres, France
| | - Eulalia Gallego-Cano
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2,85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James E. Lyke
- W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Smadar Naoz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hiromi Saida
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Daido University, 10-3 Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - Rainer Schödel
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Takamori
- National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan
| | - Gunther Witzel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Wizinowich
- W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
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Athron P, Balázs C, Beniwal A, Bloor S, Camargo-Molina JE, Cornell JM, Farmer B, Fowlie A, E. Gonzalo T, Kahlhoefer F, Kvellestad A, Martinez GD, Scott P, Vincent AC, Wild S, White M, Williams AG. Global analyses of Higgs portal singlet dark matter models using GAMBIT. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2019; 79:38. [PMID: 30872966 PMCID: PMC6383837 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present global analyses of effective Higgs portal dark matter models in the frequentist and Bayesian statistical frameworks. Complementing earlier studies of the scalar Higgs portal, we use GAMBIT to determine the preferred mass and coupling ranges for models with vector, Majorana and Dirac fermion dark matter. We also assess the relative plausibility of all four models using Bayesian model comparison. Our analysis includes up-to-date likelihood functions for the dark matter relic density, invisible Higgs decays, and direct and indirect searches for weakly-interacting dark matter including the latest XENON1T data. We also account for important uncertainties arising from the local density and velocity distribution of dark matter, nuclear matrix elements relevant to direct detection, and Standard Model masses and couplings. In all Higgs portal models, we find parameter regions that can explain all of dark matter and give a good fit to all data. The case of vector dark matter requires the most tuning and is therefore slightly disfavoured from a Bayesian point of view. In the case of fermionic dark matter, we find a strong preference for including a CP-violating phase that allows suppression of constraints from direct detection experiments, with odds in favour of CP violation of the order of 100:1. Finally, we present DDCalc 2.0.0, a tool for calculating direct detection observables and likelihoods for arbitrary non-relativistic effective operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- The GAMBIT Collaboration:
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8 Canada
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Athron
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Csaba Balázs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ankit Beniwal
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Bloor
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - José Eliel Camargo-Molina
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jonathan M. Cornell
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8 Canada
| | - Ben Farmer
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew Fowlie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | | | - Felix Kahlhoefer
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anders Kvellestad
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory D. Martinez
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Pat Scott
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Aaron C. Vincent
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | - Martin White
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Anthony G. Williams
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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5
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Athron P, Balázs C, Bringmann T, Buckley A, Chrząszcz M, Conrad J, Cornell JM, Dal LA, Edsjö J, Farmer B, Jackson P, Kahlhoefer F, Krislock A, Kvellestad A, McKay J, Mahmoudi F, Martinez GD, Putze A, Raklev A, Rogan C, Saavedra A, Savage C, Scott P, Serra N, Weniger C, White M. Status of the scalar singlet dark matter model. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:568. [PMID: 32009844 PMCID: PMC6959423 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the simplest viable models for dark matter is an additional neutral scalar, stabilised by a Z 2 symmetry. Using the GAMBIT package and combining results from four independent samplers, we present Bayesian and frequentist global fits of this model. We vary the singlet mass and coupling along with 13 nuisance parameters, including nuclear uncertainties relevant for direct detection, the local dark matter density, and selected quark masses and couplings. We include the dark matter relic density measured by Planck, direct searches with LUX, PandaX, SuperCDMS and XENON100, limits on invisible Higgs decays from the Large Hadron Collider, searches for high-energy neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Sun with IceCube, and searches for gamma rays from annihilation in dwarf galaxies with the Fermi-LAT. Viable solutions remain at couplings of order unity, for singlet masses between the Higgs mass and about 300 GeV, and at masses above ∼ 1 TeV. Only in the latter case can the scalar singlet constitute all of dark matter. Frequentist analysis shows that the low-mass resonance region, where the singlet is about half the mass of the Higgs, can also account for all of dark matter, and remains viable. However, Bayesian considerations show this region to be rather fine-tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Athron
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Australia, http://www.coepp.org.au/
| | - Csaba Balázs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Australia, http://www.coepp.org.au/
| | | | - Andy Buckley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Marcin Chrząszcz
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M. Cornell
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8 Canada
| | - Lars A. Dal
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joakim Edsjö
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Farmer
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Jackson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Australia, http://www.coepp.org.au/
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - Abram Krislock
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - James McKay
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Farvah Mahmoudi
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Gregory D. Martinez
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Antje Putze
- LAPTh, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 9 chemin de Bellevue, B.P.110, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Are Raklev
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aldo Saavedra
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Australia, http://www.coepp.org.au/
- Centre for Translational Data Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Pat Scott
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicola Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weniger
- GRAPPA, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin White
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, Australia, http://www.coepp.org.au/
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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6
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Hees A, Do T, Ghez AM, Martinez GD, Naoz S, Becklin EE, Boehle A, Chappell S, Chu D, Dehghanfar A, Kosmo K, Lu JR, Matthews K, Morris MR, Sakai S, Schödel R, Witzel G. Testing General Relativity with Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:211101. [PMID: 28598651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that short-period stars orbiting around the supermassive black hole in our Galactic center can successfully be used to probe the gravitational theory in a strong regime. We use 19 years of observations of the two best measured short-period stars orbiting our Galactic center to constrain a hypothetical fifth force that arises in various scenarios motivated by the development of a unification theory or in some models of dark matter and dark energy. No deviation from general relativity is reported and the fifth force strength is restricted to an upper 95% confidence limit of |α|<0.016 at a length scale of λ=150 astronomical units. We also derive a 95% confidence upper limit on a linear drift of the argument of periastron of the short-period star S0-2 of |ω[over ˙]_{S0-2}|<1.6×10^{-3} rad/yr, which can be used to constrain various gravitational and astrophysical theories. This analysis provides the first fully self-consistent test of the gravitational theory using orbital dynamic in a strong gravitational regime, that of a supermassive black hole. A sensitivity analysis for future measurements is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A M Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G D Martinez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Naoz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - E E Becklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Boehle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Chappell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Chu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Dehghanfar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Kosmo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J R Lu
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Matthews
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 301-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M R Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R Schödel
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - G Witzel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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7
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Cañadas B, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Falletti L, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jeltema TE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lionetto AM, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Naumann-Godo M, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Parent D, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Profumo S, Rainò S, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Sbarra C, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strigari L, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z, Zimmer S, Kaplinghat M, Martinez GD. Constraining dark matter models from a combined analysis of Milky Way satellites with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:241302. [PMID: 22242987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.241302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are among the most promising targets for dark matter searches in gamma rays. We present a search for dark matter consisting of weakly interacting massive particles, applying a joint likelihood analysis to 10 satellite galaxies with 24 months of data of the Fermi Large Area Telescope. No dark matter signal is detected. Including the uncertainty in the dark matter distribution, robust upper limits are placed on dark matter annihilation cross sections. The 95% confidence level upper limits range from about 10(-26) cm3 s(-1) at 5 GeV to about 5×10(-23) cm3 s(-1) at 1 TeV, depending on the dark matter annihilation final state. For the first time, using gamma rays, we are able to rule out models with the most generic cross section (∼3×10(-26) cm3 s(-1) for a purely s-wave cross section), without assuming additional boost factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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