1
|
Dondi A, Biserni GB, Scarpini S, Fetta A, Moscano F, Corsini I, Borelli G, Cordelli DM, Lanari M. Post-Traumatic Headache in Children after Minor Head Trauma: Incidence, Phenotypes, and Risk Factors. Children 2023; 10:children10030534. [PMID: 36980092 PMCID: PMC10047862 DOI: 10.3390/children10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Minor head trauma (MHT) is very frequent in children and post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of its most common complications; however, its management is still a challenge. We aimed to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of, and risk factors for, PTH among children referred to our pediatric emergency department (PED) for MHT. A total of 193 patients aged 3–14 years evaluated for MTH were enrolled and followed up for 6 months through phone calls and/or visits. PTH occurred in 25/193 patients (13%). PTH prevalence was significantly higher in school-aged (≥6 years) than in pre-school-aged children (21.6% vs. 4.9%, respectively, p < 0.009). Females were found to be more affected. The median time of onset was 4.6 days after MHT; resolution occurred in a median of 7 weeks. In 83.3% of patients, PTH subsided in <3 months, while in 16.7% it persisted longer. A total of 25% of children exhibited the migraine and 75% the tension-type variant. Our analysis indicates the presence of headache upon arrival in PED, isolated or associated with nausea and dizziness, as a factor predisposing the patient to the development of PTH. Our findings could be useful to identify children at risk for PTH for specific follow-up, family counseling, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara Scarpini
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Fetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filomena Moscano
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsini
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Borelli
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bolologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Giglio A, Grandinetti V, Aprile M, Borelli G, Campus A, Croci Chiocchini AL, Busutti M, Vischini G, Di Federico A, Sperandi F, Melotti B, Ardizzoni A, La Manna G, Gelsomino F. Patterns of renal toxicity from the combination of pemetrexed and pembrolizumab for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A single-center experience. Lung Cancer 2022; 174:91-96. [PMID: 36356493 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy (CT) in first-line setting improved survival outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Among the various adverse events, renal toxicity can be a relevant safety issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center, observational retrospective study including consecutive patients treated with upfront CT-ICI for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC to investigate incidence and clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) using 'Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes' (KDIGO) definition. RESULTS A total of 89 patients received a first-line CT/ICI. The median age was 69 years. 60.7 % were male, and 87.6 % had an ECOG PS of 0-1. 92.1 % had a baseline glomerular filtration rate of at least 60 ml/min. According to KDIGO criteria, 25 (28 %) patients developed AKI. Considering risk factors for AKI onset, patients receiving >10 cycles of CT/ICI were more likely to experience AKI (p < 0.001). No other associations were found with other variables, including concomitant medications. Any component of the treatment was discontinued (pemetrexed pembrolizumab or both) in 10 (40 %) patients, and 9 patients (36 %) were addressed to nephrological consultation. These patients had higher mean creatinine variation from baseline (1 vs 0.6 mg/dl, p = 0.025) and creatine level (1.8 vs 1.4 mg/dl, p = 0.015), but lower eGFR (35.7 vs 54.2 ml/min, p = 0.011) in comparison to patients not addressed. No patients had microscopic hematuria or pyuria, but mild proteinuria (<0.8 g/24 h) was found in 4 patients. A renal biopsy was performed on 3 patients, revealing acute tubule interstitial nephritis (ATIN), karyomegalic interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). CONCLUSION Renal toxicity represents a challenging adverse event that could negatively impact outcomes of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC patients receiving CT/ICI demanding a multidisciplinary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Grandinetti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Aprile
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Borelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Campus
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Croci Chiocchini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gisella Vischini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferro B, Tofani R, Vegnuti L, Borelli G, Gargani L, Roncucci P. Correction to: A case of intracoronary and endovenous levosimendan as a rescue therapy for refractory cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 31965386 PMCID: PMC6973955 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
4
|
Jaimovich G, Rolon JM, Baldomero H, Rivas M, Hanesman I, Bouzas L, Bonfim C, Palma J, Kardus-Urueta A, Ubidia D, Bujan-Boza W, Gonzalez-Ramella O, Ruiz-Argüelles G, Gomez-Almaguer D, Espino G, Fanilla E, Gonzalez D, Carrasco A, Galeano S, Borelli G, Hernandez-Gimenez M, Pasquini M, Kodera Y, Gratwohl A, Gratwohl M, Nuñez J, Szer J, Gale RP, Niederwieser D, Seber A. Latin America: the next region for haematopoietic transplant progress. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:798. [PMID: 28465623 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Zucchelli G, Soldati E, Di Cori A, De Lucia R, Segreti L, Solarino G, Borelli G, Di Bello V, Bongiorni MG. Role of intraoperative electrical parameters in predicting reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy and correlation with interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Europace 2010; 12:1453-9. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Mariotti R, Borelli G, Coceani M, Zingaro S, Barison A, Morelli I, Rondinini L. Aldosterone receptor antagonism and heart failure: insights from an outpatient clinic. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:349-56. [PMID: 18613852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In randomized clinical trials, aldosterone antagonists have been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in heart failure (HF). The aim of the present study was to examine the risk-benefit profile of aldosterone antagonists in routine clinical practice. METHODS A retrospective analysis, extending over a 1-year period, of the clinical, instrumental and laboratory data of 264 HF outpatients was performed. All patients were on a beta-blocker and an ACE-inhibitor (or angiotensin-II receptor-blocker) and 151 were taking an aldosterone antagonist. RESULTS At baseline, subjects treated with aldosterone antagonists had a higher NYHA class, a larger left-ventricular end-diastolic volume, a worse ejection fraction and a higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP). During follow-up, a greater reduction in sPAP and a tendency towards improved systolic and diastolic function were observed in subjects treated with aldosterone antagonists. Moreover, clinical and laboratory parameters did not deteriorate in patients taking aldosterone antagonists. Mortality rates were similar in the two groups (8.6% vs. 8.8%, P = NS). CONCLUSIONS The use of aldosterone antagonists in HF is associated with an improvement in cardiac function and is well tolerated. In the present study, patients administered these agents had a comparable clinical outcome to that of the control group, despite important differences in baseline risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mariotti
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pascale R, Perazza S, Borelli G, Bianchini E, Alboresi S, Paolicelli PB, Ferrari A, Cioni G. The term diplegia should be enhanced. Part III: inter-observer reliability of the new rehabilitation oriented classification. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2008; 44:213-220. [PMID: 18418341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to validate a recent classification of gait in children with the spastic diplegic form of cerebral palsy (CP) by checking the reliability of different scorers in assigning subject walking performance to one of the four specific patterns described in the classification. METHODS The gait patterns of 50 children and adolescents with CP (23 males, 27 females; age range 3-17 years) were selected among patients whose videos were stored in the archives of the Pisa and Reggio Emilia Hospitals. Only video recordings of gait with homogeneous features (duration of at least 90 s, simultaneous recordings on sagittal and frontal views, and other criteria) were taken for examination. The videos were blindly scored using an observational gait scale, at first by two of the authors of the classification system (defined as ''maximum experts''), then by ten expert observers, and finally by 206 professionals of rehabilitation after a one-day training on the classification. Cohen's kappa statistics (k) and intra class correlations (ICC) were calculated. RESULTS Kappa and ICC indicate an almost perfect agreement both between the two maximum experts and among the ten expert observers. Good results were also obtained in the group of one-day trained scorers. Only a few cases were assigned to the ''unclassified'' category. The profession of the observer (doctor or therapist) and previous knowledge of the classification had no significant influence on reliability scores. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the proposed classification can be reliably applied, even utilizing short video recordings, to arrange diplegic children into different patterns. Further studies are needed to validate the use of this classification system for clinical and research aims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pascale
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borelli G, Guibbolini ME, Mayer-Gostan N, Priouzeau F, De Pontual H, Allemand D, Puverel S, Tambutte E, Payan P. Daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout. J Exp Biol 2003; 206:2685-92. [PMID: 12819274 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionic and organic parameters of the otolith calcification process in the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were analysed in plasma and endolymph over the day:night cycle. Plasma pH remained constant and total CO(2) concentration was significantly lower (by 21%) during the day than at night. Calcifying parameters (total CO(2), total calcium concentration) were measured in the proximal and distal endolymphs and were unchanged in the latter during the day:night cycle, but fluctuated in the former. Non-collagenous protein and collagen concentrations in endolymph were higher (1.5- and 10-fold, respectively) during the day than at night. As there was no change in total calcium concentration, we propose that Ca(2+) increases during the dark period and was maximal by the end of the night when the total CO(2) concentration has also increased (by 14%). Measurements of endolymph pH in situ revealed significant differences between samples from proximal and distal endolymph (7.38 and 7.87, respectively), but no variation between values obtained during the day and at night. Thus, the saturation state of aragonite (Sa) in the proximal endolymph should fluctuate around unity during the day:night cycle, and CaCO(3) precipitation should occur when supersaturation is reached. The electrophoretic pattern of proximal endolymph showed variations in both major and minor components. Immunoblotting of endolymph, using a rabbit antiserum raised against the otolith soluble organic matrix revealed an increase in the expression of two proteins (65 kDa and 75 kDa) during the day period. We propose that organic matrix and calcium carbonate deposition on the otolith vary antiphasically: organic matrix deposition begins by the end of the day period, when the concentration of organic precursors is maximal in the endolymph, whereas CaCO(3) precipitation starts once the solubility of CaCO(3) is exceeded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Borelli
- Laboratoire Réponse des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux, UMR INRA-UNSA 1112, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, BP 71, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borelli G, Mayer-Gostan N, Merle PL, De Pontual H, Boeuf G, Allemand D, Payan P. Composition of biomineral organic matrices with special emphasis on turbot (Psetta maxima) otolith and endolymph. Calcif Tissue Int 2003; 72:717-25. [PMID: 14563001 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-001-2115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Accepted: 08/08/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The soluble organic matrix (OM) of various biominerals (red coral skeleton, oyster shell, sea urchin test, turbot otolith, chicken eggshell) was extracted after demineralization with acetic acid. The protein content of the OM varies strongly from 0.02 to 1.6 microg/mg biomineral whereas proteoglycans present less variations (from 0.7 to 1.4 microg/mg biomineral). Electrophoresis of biominerals OM shows differences in their protein pattern although several bands are present in all matrices. OM of all biominerals shows carbonic anhydrase activity but no activity was detectable in the endolymph. OM of all biominerals also displays an anticalcifying activity. After separation of the OM extracts by chloroform-methanol, 80% of the anticalcifying activity was found in the methanol phase except in the urchin test. After OM precipitation with trichloracetic acid, 70% of the activities was found in the supernatants. Partial biochemical characterization suggests that the anticalcifying factor is a polyanionic and water-soluble molecule, which could be proteoglycans. The endolymph surrounding the otolith also displays an anticalcifying activity although its inhibitous activity was 50 times lower than that of the otolith OM. However, the anticalcifying activity of the endolymph is assumed by a proteic structure (80% activity precipitated with TCA treatment). Our results suggest that both carbonic anhydrase and anticalcifying activities are widespread and play a significant role in the regulation of biomineral formation. Results are discussed in relation to the calcification process that takes place at the fluid-mineral interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Borelli
- UMR INRA-UNSA No 1112, Laboratoire ROSE, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Pare Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Payan P, Borelli G, Priouzeau F, De Pontual H, Boeuf G, Mayer-Gostan N. Otolith growth in trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: supply of Ca2+ and Sr2+ to the saccular endolymph. J Exp Biol 2002; 205:2687-95. [PMID: 12151374 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205.17.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of Ca2+ fluxes across the saccular epithelium of trout were studied using a perfused isolated inner ear. 45Ca2+ influx from the Ringer solution to the endolymph was 3-4 nmoles h-1μl-1 endolymph, which corresponds to a global turnover rate of the endolymph calcium of 200 %h-1. Ca2+ entry into the proximal endolymph was faster than into the distal fluid. Net Ca2+ movement across the saccular epithelium depended on the direction and intensity of the chemical gradient of calcium between the Ringer solution and the endolymph. Increasing the calcium concentration in the Ringer solution up to 4.4 mmol l-1 provoked an accumulation of Ca2+ in both proximal and distal endolymphs, and equilibrium was reached about 30 min after the beginning of perfusion. Perfusion with calcium-free Ringer partially emptied the proximal compartment of calcium, whereas the calcium levels in the distal endolymph did not vary during 70 min of perfusion. Verapamil (10-5 mol l-1) and cyanide (CN, 10-3 mol l-1) did not modify the accumulation of Ca2+ within the endolymph in the presence of a favourable calcium chemical gradient. Furthermore the relationship between Ca2+ net fluxes and the chemical calcium gradient across the saccular epithelium was linear, indicating a passive diffusional mechanism via a paracellular pathway. Similar relationships were found for Sr2+ fluxes across the saccular epithelium in the presence of positive chemical gradients (1, 2 and 4 mmol l-1 Sr2+). In vivo experiments in which trout were intraperitoneously injected with CaCl2 solution confirmed the tight relationship between the calcium levels in plasma and endolymph (both proximal and distal). Sampling proximal and distal endolymphs in trout and turbot saccules revealed a decreasing proximo—distal calcium gradient in endolymph of both fish species. The present results strongly suggest that the endolymph is supplied with Ca2+ and Sr2+via a paracellular pathway located in the proximal area of the saccular epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Payan
- Laboratoire R.O.S.E. (Réponses des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux), UMR 1112, INRA-UNSA, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borelli G, Mayer-Gostan N, De Pontual H, Boeuf G, Payan P. Biochemical relationships between endolymph and otolith matrix in the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (Psetta maxima). Calcif Tissue Int 2001; 69:356-64. [PMID: 11800233 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-001-2016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper compares the organic compositions of the otolith and endolymph of trout and turbot. Irrespective of the method of demineralization (0.5 M EDTA or acetic acid), trout otoliths were found to be largely composed of proteins (48%), collagens (23%), and proteoglycans (29%). Collagen was only detectable in the EDTA-insoluble (0.30 microg/mg) and in the acetic acid-soluble fractions (0.53 microg/mg). The same compounds were found in the endolymph but in different proportions (proteins 85%, collagens 12%, and proteoglycans 3%). It was shown that the distribution of these compounds was not uniform within the endolymph. Proteins, collagens, and amino acids were 4, 10, and 3 times, respectively, more concentrated in the proximal (facing the macula) than the distal side whereas proteoglycans were 10 times more concentrated at the distal side. SDS PAGE analyses of proximal and distal samples of endolymph showed similar patterns suggesting that the spatial gradient of protein is quantitative and not qualitative. SDS PAGE comparison of endolymph and otolith samples showed only two proteins with similar molecular weights. We propose that collagen and protein gradients are involved in the organic matrix formation and otolith calcification process. Endolymphs from both trout and turbot display inhibitions of in vitro calcification although these inhibitions were 50 and 80 times, respectively, less than that of the otoliths. The inhibitory factor probably plays a significant role in the regulation of otolith calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Borelli
- Laboratoire Réponses des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux, UMR 1112, INRA-UNSA, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Payan P, Edeyer A, de Pontual H, Borelli G, Boeuf G, Mayer-Gostan N. Chemical composition of saccular endolymph and otolith in fish inner ear: lack of spatial uniformity. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:R123-31. [PMID: 10409265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.1.r123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish otoliths provide a record of age, growth, and environmental influences. In both trout and turbot, spatial chemical investigation of the endolymph surrounding the otolith (sagitta) showed a lack of uniformity. Proteins, PO(3-)(4), and Mg(2+) were significantly more concentrated in the proximal (facing the macula) than distal zone, whereas the opposite was observed for K(+) and total CO(2) (totCO(2)). Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]) was 20% higher in the proximal zone in trout but not in turbot. Total Ca and Cl(-) contents were uniformly distributed in both species. We propose that the endolymphatic gradients of protein and totCO(2) concentration within the endolymph are involved in the otolithic biocalcification process. Microchemical analyses of otolith sections by wavelength dispersive spectrometry showed a lack of spatial uniformity in the K/Ca and Na/Ca ratios, whereas the Sr/Ca ratio was uniform. There is a clear relationship between endolymph and otolith [K(+)], but the interpretation of the results for [Na(+)] needs further investigation. Thus the lack of uniformity in the otolith composition must be taken into account when investigating otolith microchemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Payan
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Toxicologie Environnementales, EA 2138, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghezzo C, Civitelli R, Cadel S, Borelli G, Maiorino M, Bufalino L, Bongrani S. Ipriflavone does not alter bone apatite crystal structure in adult male rats. Calcif Tissue Int 1996; 59:496-9. [PMID: 8939778 DOI: 10.1007/bf00369217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously found that a short-term treatment with high doses of ipriflavone increased bone density and improved the biomechanical properties of adult male rat bones, without altering their mineral composition. To determine whether this effect can be associated with alterations of bone crystal structure, we have performed X-ray diffraction analysis of bones obtained from rats treated with ipriflavone at doses that were effective in inducing favorable changes on bone density and biomechanics. Eighteen-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were treated by oral route with either ipriflavone (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), or its vehicle for 12 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated and body weight increased to the same extent in all animals. As a measure of bone crystallinity, we examined the (310) and (002) reflections of the X-ray diffraction patterns, corresponding to the directions perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis of the crystals, respectively. No major differences were observed between ipriflavone-treated and control animals for the broadening parameter beta(1/2) for (310) and (002) peaks, as well as for lattice parameters. Therefore, a 12-week treatment with ipriflavone at high doses does not induce significant modifications of bone "crystallinity." Thus, the positive effect of ipriflavone on bone mineral density appears to be associated with an increased apatite crystal formation rather than an increase of crystal size. These results provide further evidence for the safety and usefulness of ipriflavone in the treatment of osteoporotic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ghezzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The results of oncogenicity studies of beta-cyclodextrin in inbred Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 outbred mice are presented. Chronic feeding of beta-cyclodextrin to Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 mice did not cause any treatment related carcinogenic effects. The only toxic effect was seen in mice as macroscopic distension of the large intestine with soft or fluid contents, histologically associated with the mucosa covered by mucous secretion containing exfoliated cells, and mucosal flattening and intestinal gland atrophy. Despite these observations, no differences between control and treated groups were observed concerning mortality, clinical observations or body weight and food consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Waner
- Life Science Research Israel, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Misiani R, Bellavita P, Fenili D, Borelli G, Marchesi D, Massazza M, Vendramin G, Comotti B, Tanzi E, Scudeller G. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:573-7. [PMID: 1326246 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. SETTING Wards and clinics of the Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo and Ospedale di Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy. PATIENTS Fifty-one patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with glomerulonephritis and 45 controls with noncryoglobulinemic glomerulopathies. MEASUREMENTS Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in sera from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and from controls, using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c100 ELISA and c22/c200 ELISA) and a recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA); cryoprecipitate anti-HCV before and after use of dithiothreitol, a substance able to destroy IgM antibodies with rheumatoid factor activity, in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia; serum HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. RESULTS In patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, the c22/c200 ELISA detected anti-HCV in 98% of serum samples (95% CI, 90% to 100%), whereas the rate of reactivity remained at 2% (CI, 0% to 12%) in the control group (P less than 0.0001). These results were confirmed by the 4-RIBA in 66% of patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. The study of cryoprecipitate by c100 ELISA showed anti-HCV in 41% (Cl, 28% to 56%) of patients. After dithiothreitol, the rate of reactivity increased to 94% (CI, 84% to 99%; P less than 0.0001 by the McNemar paired chi-square test), suggesting that the elimination of rheumatoid factor leads to unmasking of anti-HCV in cryoprecipitate. Polymerase chain reaction detected HCV RNA in 13 of 16 sera from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. CONCLUSIONS The extremely high prevalence of anti-HCV in serum and cryoprecipitate along with the frequently associated serum HCV RNA suggests a close relation between essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, L-deprenyl, to reverse cognitive impairments appearing in aged rats, using the reference memory, Morris Water Maze paradigm. L-Deprenyl significantly improved learning and memory deficits associated with old age in doses of 1.25 and 5 mg/kg PO (escape latency measure) and doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg PO (path length measure). L-Deprenyl also improved reversal learning impairments in doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg PO, as expressed by the escape latency measure. The data suggest that L-deprenyl possesses potential cognitive enhancement abilities probably due to an increase in dopaminergic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Brandeis
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Groups of 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given food containing sufficient doxefazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, to ensure intakes of 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day. These dosages respectively correspond to 2, 20, and 60 times the mean daily hypnotic dose level of an adult man. Rats were treated for 104 weeks and then euthanized. An extensive autopsy was performed on those animals that died intercurrently and on euthanized animals. The chronic administration of doxefazepam did not influence the survival of the rats. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs and body weight gains occurred and malignant tumor rates were similar in controls and treated animals. A significant linear trend in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms, primarily benign, was observed in the female treated groups. This higher incidence was not associated to a higher occurrence of focal hyperplasia or other preneoplastic lesions in treated rats. The brain, a target organ for the pharmacological activity of doxefazepam, was carefully examined to search for microscopic foci of proliferative cells. A total of 12 and 6 malignant gliomas were observed in male and female rats, respectively; only two were noticed at autopsy. These tumors were mainly of the oligodendroglioma type commonly found in aged rats. Their incidence was slightly higher in treated rats, but results were not of statistical significance. The overall evaluation of the present study indicates that doxefazepam is noncarcinogenic in rats. However, the increase in liver adenomas found here as well as in previous bioassays with similar drugs and the lack of reliable historical data on the incidence of brain tumors in benzodiazepine-treated rodents suggest that additional experimental and epidemiological studies should be undertaken to exhaustively assess the toxic potential of this widely used class of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Borelli
- Department of Toxicology, Alfa Wassermann S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Festi D, Monti F, Casanova S, Livraghi T, Frabboni R, Roversi CA, Bertoli D, Borelli G, Mazzella G, Bazzoli F. Morphological and biochemical effects of intrahepatic alcohol injection in the rabbit. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1990; 5:402-6. [PMID: 2129811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The local and systemic effects, as well as the repair mechanisms, of sterile absolute ethyl alcohol injection were evaluated at a range of doses (0.1-2.0 mL/kg body weight) in rabbit liver in order to confirm the feasibility and safety of local treatment of tumours in man. Saline injection was used in the control animals. The animals were killed at varying intervals (range: 1-30 days after injection), and the liver was studied by gross and microscopic examination. The ethyl alcohol injection was well tolerated and did not induce significant systemic side-effects. All doses could induce necrosis and none proved to be lethal. The alcohol injection produced an area of coagulation necrosis, the size of which appeared to be dose-related, and which was surrounded by granulation tissue, gradually repairing the necrotic lesion; the adjacent tissue was intact, or had signs of mild steatosis. However, at higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 mL/kg bodyweight), necrotic lesions were observed in the liver both near and remote from the site of injection. Fine needle percutaneous alcohol injection is effective in producing necrotic lesions which appear to be dose-related; at higher doses, however, an unpredictable intrahepatic diffusion may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Festi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G, Carazzone M. Toxicological evaluations of the benzodiazepine doxefazepam. Arzneimittelforschung 1989; 39:480-4. [PMID: 2568837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyl-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(O-fluorophenyl)-2H - 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (doxefazepam, SAS 643, Doxans) was investigated in a series of toxicological studies. Oral LD50 values were greater than 2000 mg/kg in mice, rats and dogs, while endoperitoneal LD50 values were 746 and 544 mg/kg in the mice and rats, respectively, and greater than 1000 mg/kg in the dogs. Subacute and chronic studies in rats and dogs evidenced a transient ataxia after administration of the test compound, which was dose-dependent in the subacute experiment, and occurred only at the highest dose in the chronic studies. No pathological findings were registered at necropsy or in microscopic observations, except an increase of liver weight at the highest dosage in the chronic study in the rat. Doxefazepam did not exert any teratogenic effects in rats and rabbits. Moreover in rats it did not alter the reproductive performance. The mutagenic studies did not reveal any mutagenic potential. In the cancerogenicity study in rats doxefazepam did not show positive carcinogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bertoli
- Research Division, Alfa Wassermann S.p.a., Bologna, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Perini L, Cavallo A, Perin B, Natale F, Borelli G, Biasiato R. [Angiographic and clinical evaluation of the topical administration of nitrate derivatives in distal obstructive arteriopathies of the legs. Initial experiences]. Radiol Med 1988; 75:315-8. [PMID: 3131847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The vasodilator effect obtained by the topic use of a nitroglycerin compound (TNG) has been angiographically tested on 11 patients affected by distal arteriopathy of the legs. All patients presented arteriosclerotic vascular lesions; two of them also suffered from diabetic angiopathy. Arteriography of the legs has proved to be a very important tool in the evaluation of the patients' response to the administration of the drug. An hour after 80 mg of TNG had been applied to the skin of the examined leg, arteriography showed a marked dilation, especially of the muscular arteries and the undamaged tracts of the arteries of the legs. Angiographic evaluation of the functional blood supply thus obtained provides prognostic information and helps in the choice of the subsequent therapy. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy of prolonged treatment with this drug has been tested in 10 out of the 11 patients. They all responded with an immediate and persistent hemodynamic improvement, evaluated according to Fontaine's classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Perini
- Servizio di Radiologia, Ospedale Civile, Monselice, PD
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tubaro E, Santiangeli C, Belogi L, Borelli G, Cavallo G, Croce C, Avico U. Methadone vs morphine: comparison of their effect on phagocytic functions. Int J Immunopharmacol 1987; 9:79-88. [PMID: 3034811 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the effects of methadone and morphine on phagocytic physiology was carried out in mice, using a number of tests, to estimate the risk of using methadone in maintenance protocols for opiates addicts. Results indicate that methadone, like morphine, reduces (a) R.E.S. activity and (b) PMN superoxide anion production, while unlike morphine it (a) does not produce haematologic changes, (b) does not exacerbate C. albicans infections, (c) does not inhibit phagocytosis and killing by murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, or by rabbit alveolar macrophages, and (d) does not reduce spleen and liver weight. These results are in strict agreement with those previously found in human subjects receiving controlled administration of morphine or methadone. Compared to morphine methadone therefore appears to have a lower toxic potentiality.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G. Peri- and postnatal, teratology and reproductive studies of a low molecular weight heparin in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 1986; 36:1260-3. [PMID: 3778563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight heparin (OP/LMWH) used in these studies elicited no evidence of teratogenicity when administered by subcutaneous route during the period of organogenesis to pregnant rats at doses up to 10 mg/kg/d. In reproductive studies there were no effects on conception or pregnancy in males or females rats at dosages up to 10 mg/kg/d (by s.c. route). In these studies the doses were used that in chronic toxicity had shown unremarkable toxic effects on animals. In teratologic and in peri- and postnatal experiments unfractionated heparin at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg/d by s.c. route was used for comparison.
Collapse
|
23
|
Borelli G, Bertoli D. Toxic and mutagenic effects of a low molecular weight heparin in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 1986; 36:1256-60. [PMID: 3535813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute, subacute, chronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies of a new low molecular weight heparin (OP/LMWH) were carried out in rats. The LD50 values resulted lower by i.m. and s.c. route than after i.p. and i.v. administration. OP/LMWH given by subcutaneous route in subacute and in chronic toxicity produced no significant adverse effects at 5 mg/kg, only marginal effects at 10 mg/kg and moderate effects at the dose of 20 mg/kg. In these studies, unfractionated heparin at 10 mg/kg by s.c. route was used for comparison. At 10 mg/kg, heparin presented effects similar to those shown by OP/LMWH at 20 mg/kg. OP/LMWH did not show any mutagenic activity when compared with mutagenic standards.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G. Fertility study of rifaximin (L/105) in rats. Chemioterapia 1986; 5:204-7. [PMID: 3719854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of rifaximin (L/105) on conception and pregnancy in rats up to F1 progeny was reported. Rifaximin showed a good fertility rate and no dose-related differences in the number of viable or dead fetuses per litter (Fo progeny) up to 100 mg/kg. The number of live or dead pups at birth, pup weight, gestation length and survival of offspring to weaning were not influenced up to the highest dose, 100 mg/kg (Fo-F1 progeny).
Collapse
|
25
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G. [The reproductive capacity of the Sprague-Dawley rat from the first months of life to the completion of the second year]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1986; 62:185-90. [PMID: 3718733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
26
|
Borelli G, Bertoli D. [The reproductive performance of the Sprague-Dawley rat and changes induced by pregnancy on various parameters of the lipid picture]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1985; 61:1461-7. [PMID: 3841643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
27
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G, Besana V. [The development of the Sprague-Dawley strain rat with emphasis on various hematological and hematochemical parameters from weaning to 20 months of age]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1985; 61:1453-60. [PMID: 4096849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Tubaro E, Avico U, Santiangeli C, Zuccaro P, Cavallo G, Pacifici R, Croce C, Borelli G. Morphine and methadone impact on human phagocytic physiology. Int J Immunopharmacol 1985; 7:865-74. [PMID: 3000961 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(85)90049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human subjects submitted to treatment with morphine show a severe depression of phagocytosis, killing properties and superoxide production both of their polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence, chemotaxis, random migration, myeloperoxidase content, lysozyme content and lymphocyte Rosette E formation were poorly influenced. Methadone-treated subjects show a similar effect at phagocytic level but far less evident. These results confirm those previously found in animals and reinforce the evidence of a depressive role of morphine on phagocytic physiology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bertoli D, Borelli G. [Teratogenic action of Rifaximin in the rat and rabbit and its effect on perinatal development in the rat]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1984; 60:1079-85. [PMID: 6466468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the teratogenic action and the effect on perinatal development of Rifaximin. Teratogenic action of Rifaximin was studied in the rat and in the rabbit. The drug was administered by gavage during organogenesis period at 50 and 100 mg/kg; idroxyurea and thalidomide were used as teratogenic drugs. The effect on physical and behavioural development of the pups was studied in the rat at 50 and 100 mg/kg during the foetal period and suckling time. The search for malformation of internal organs was carried out on the half of the fetuses fixed according to Wilson; the examination of the skeleton of the other fetuses was carried out according to Dawson. Some parameters of physical and behavioural development were evaluated in the pups. Rifaximin at these dosages has no teratogenic effects and does not influence the psychophysical development of the pups.
Collapse
|
30
|
Borelli G, Torsello G, Giunta C. [The use of glucagon in cholangiography]. Radiol Med 1983; 69:847-50. [PMID: 6677955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Certainty of interpretation can be hindered by spasms of the sphincter of Oddi during cholangiography, since these impair the opaqueness of the image of the distal common duct and reduce the bile flow in the duodenum. Recently, especially in the English-speaking world, glucagon has been used to relax the bile ducts. The authors, following this line of experimentation, report on the use of glucagon in intravenous cholangiographic examination (15 cases), in postoperatory cholangiography (3) and in intra-operatory cholangiography (7), for a total of 25 patients, 13 of whom affected with pathological bile-duct conditions. In each type of examination, after the contrast material had been administered, X-rays were taken in the same position before and three or four minutes after the endovenous injection of glucagon. In every case glucagon revealed its intense hypotoning action, a consistent and rapid effect of short duration, the absence of side effects, the possibility of its use in every type of cholangiographic examination and its effectiveness in controlling the degree of diagnostic uncertainty.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Morphine was demonstrated to exacerbate infections. Experiments were performed to evaluate variations of phagocytic physiology during morphine treatment. In mice, morphine drastically reduced reticuloendothelial system activity, phagocyte count, phagocytic index, killing properties, and superoxide anion production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Similar effects on alveolar macrophage count, phagocytosis, and killing were found in rabbits, a result which suggested a lack of species specificity. Additional experiments demonstrated that morphine (1) induces a reduction of lymphoid organ weight, (2) impairs the ability to eradicate infections and (3) is counteracted in its depressing activity on phagocytic physiology by small amounts of Corynebacterium parvum. The results suggest that there is a close relationship between the fact that morphine exacerbates infections and the fact that morphine depresses phagocytic functions; therefore, the negative effect of morphine on phagocytosis is at least one of the reasons for its negative effect on the development of infections.
Collapse
|
32
|
Torsello G, Pasquale E, Giunta C, Pasquale S, Giarin P, Borelli G. [Giant duplication of the transverse colon. Case report]. Radiol Med 1982; 68:668-71. [PMID: 7146509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
33
|
Tubaro E, Lotti B, Cavallo G, Croce C, Borelli G. Liver xanthine oxidase increase in mice in three patholgoical models. A possible defence mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:1939-43. [PMID: 6994748 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
34
|
Borelli G, Torsello G, Gualtieri G. [Sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans: a case report (author's transl)]. Radiol Med 1979; 65:735-9. [PMID: 554192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pneumosinus dilatans is an abnormal dilatation of a paranasal cavity containing air only. The case described here can be added to the 51 cases in the literature. Various pathogenetic theories have been proposed: mucocele, intrasinus hypertension, inflammation, endocrine disorder. The authors suggest that this pathological form is the result of overextension of a normal process in the morphogenesis of the sinuses. The symptomatology depends on the location and on the rate of onset of the dilatation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Botti C, Olmi R, Borelli G, Bertoni V. [Observations and treatment of 328 cases of bladder neoplasms]. Minerva Urol 1975; 27:249-55. [PMID: 1228458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
36
|
Borelli G, Caracciolo F, Coeli L. [Induced maternal apnea: procedure for the radiological diagnosis of a living fetus. (Clinical aspects and experimental data)]. Quad Radiol 1967; 32:539-46. [PMID: 5628507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|