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Fan L, Guan G, Zhao J, Li D, Yu X, Shentu X. Comparative analysis of the diversity of symbionts in fat body of long- and short-winged brown planthoppers. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2024; 115:e22096. [PMID: 38500448 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The microbial community structure plays an important role in the internal environment of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which is an indispensable part to reflect the internal environment of BPH. Wing dimorphism is a strategy for balancing flight and reproduction of insects. Here, quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to analyse the number and changes of the symbionts in the fat body of long- and short-winged BPHs at different developmental stages. A metagenomic library was constructed based on the 16 S rRNA sequence and internal transcribed spacer sequence for high-throughput sequencing, to analyze the community structure and population number of the symbionts of long- and short-winged BPHs, and to make functional prediction. This study enriches the connotation of BPH symbionts, and laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent study of BPH-symbionts interaction and the function of symbionts in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangxiang Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jia B, Zhao J, Jin B, Zhang F, Wang S, Zhang L, Wang Z, An T, Wang Y, Zhuo M, Li J, Yang X, Li S, Chen H, Chi Y, Wang J, Zhai X, Tai Y, Liu Y, Guan G. 36P Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with BRAF-mutated advanced NSCLC in China: A real-world multi-center study. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Marghalani HYA, Guan G, Hyun P, Tabbaa S, Linjawi AI, Al-Jewair T. Relationship between mandibular symphysis dimensions and skeletal pattern in adults. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:464-471. [PMID: 33954960 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of dimensions of the symphysis is important for morphological and orthodontic studies. This research evaluates the association between mandibular symphysis dimensions and anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional cephalometric study included 90 lateral cephalograms of untreated subjects presenting for orthodontic treatment. The inclusion criteria were adults with lateral cephalograms showing the symphyseal region and anterior cranial base. One investigator traced and analyzed all cephalograms. Symphyseal height, thickness, and ratio between height and thickness were measured in relation to seven anteroposterior and vertical skeletal measurements in females and males. RESULTS Symphyseal measurements were associated with SNAo (anteroposterior) in females and Gonial angle (vertical) in males. When analyzed by anteroposterior skeletal classification (ANBo), no significant differences in symphyseal dimensions were found. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that Gonion-Nerve (mm) and Gonial angle were significantly associated with symphyseal height. Gonion-Nerve (mm), basal bone width (mm), and alveolar bone height (mm) were associated with symphyseal thickness. Basal bone width (mm) and alveolar bone height (mm) were associated with symphyseal ratio. CONCLUSIONS Symphyseal dimensions were significantly associated with vertical but not anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the Gonion-nerve measurements concerning the symphysis in relation to vertical and anteroposterior skeletal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y A Marghalani
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, 21589 Jeddah.
| | - G Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, 19104 Philadelphia, United States
| | - P Hyun
- Private practice, Albany, NY, United States
| | - S Tabbaa
- School of Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, United States
| | - A I Linjawi
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, 21589 Jeddah
| | - T Al-Jewair
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, NY, United States
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Guan G, Won J, Mei L, Polonowita A. Extensive adipose replacement of the parotid glands: an unusual presentation of sialadenosis. A Case Report and Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago North Dunedin New Zealand
| | - J. Won
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago North Dunedin New Zealand
| | - L. Mei
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago North Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. Polonowita
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago North Dunedin New Zealand
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Zheng R, Xu B, Guan B, Guan G, Chi P. Identification and Verification of Radiosensitivity Gene Expression Prediction Model in Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guan G, Lei L, Lv Q, Gong Y, Yang L. Curcumin attenuates palmitic acid-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:655-664. [PMID: 30859861 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119836222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Curcumin, a phenolic compound, has cytoprotective properties, but its potential protective action against diabetic cardiomyopathy and the related molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on cell viability and apoptosis in palmitic acid (PA)-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes and investigated the signaling pathways involved. Treatment with PA reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, enhanced apoptosis-related protein expression (Caspase 3 and BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX)), and activated ER stress marker protein expression (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)). Curcumin attenuated PA-induced reduction in cell viability and activation of apoptosis, Caspase 3 activity, BAX, CHOP, and GRP78 expression. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) attenuated the PA-induced effects on cell viability and apoptosis, similar to curcumin. Both curcumin and 4-PBA also attenuated PA-induced increase in ER stress protein (CHOP and GRP78) expression. Curcumin also protected against cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and ER stress induced by thapsigargin. These findings indicate that PA triggers apoptosis in H9C2 cells via ER stress pathways and curcumin protects against this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Lei
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Q Lv
- 3 College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Gong
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,4 College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Yang
- 2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,4 College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Liu F, Shi S, Zhu L, Xing Y, Lei J, Tian W, Wang J, Guan G. P6247Perturbations of the anti-ageing hormone Klotho in patients with diagonal earlobe crease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - S Shi
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - L Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - Y Xing
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - J Lei
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - W Tian
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - J Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
| | - G Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Xian, China People's Republic of
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Pan S, Liu F, Guan G, Wang J. P344AGEs- induced phenotype shifting of vascular smooth muscle cells was attenuated by AGI-1067 through MKKs/p38 MAPK pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| | - Y Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| | - S Pan
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| | - F Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| | - G Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| | - J Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
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Wu G, Xiang D, Zhang B, Hong Q, Guan G. The parthenogenetic development of porcine in vitro matured oocytes vitrified before or after electric activation. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:407-413. [PMID: 29734408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND: The highly efficient production of parthenogenetic embryos from vitrified porcine in vitro matured oocytes has become essential for biotechnology and biomedicine research. OBJECTIVE To investigate the survival and parthenogenetic development of oocytes vitrified before or after electric activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vitrified oocytes were parthenogenetically activated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h post warming (h.p.w.), and fresh oocytes were vitrified at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h post electric activation (h.p.a.). RESULTS In comparison with non-vitrified oocytes, the rates of survival and activation of oocytes vitrified at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h.p.a. were similar, but the parameters in other vitrified groups significantly decreased. Parthenogenetic development in vitrified 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h.p.a. groups was also significantly higher than that in other vitrified groups. Moreover, the total cell numbers of blastocysts were similar among all groups. CONCLUSION Porcine oocytes vitrified at 0.5-4 h h.p.a. showed acceptable survival and pronuclear formation, and a higher blastocyst yield could be obtained from these oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - D Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - B Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - G Guan
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Liu G, Aguilar YM, Zhang L, Ren W, Chen S, Guan G, Xiong X, Liao P, Li T, Huang R, Yang HS, Park I, Kim SW, Yin Y. Dietary supplementation with sanguinarine enhances serum metabolites and antibodies in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rizkiana J, Guan G, Widayatno WB, Yang J, Hao X, Matsuoka K, Abudula A. Mg-modified ultra-stable Y type zeolite for the rapid catalytic co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal and biomass. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the quality of oil derived from the fast co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal with biomass, various metal-modified ultra-stable Y type (USY) zeolites are mixed with the samples for the co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Rizkiana
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
| | - G. Guan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
- North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE)
| | - W. B. Widayatno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
| | - J. Yang
- North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE)
- Hirosaki University
- Aomori 030-0813
- Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - X. Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - K. Matsuoka
- Hydrocarbon Conversion Process Group
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - A. Abudula
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
- North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE)
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13
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Guan G, Firth N. Oral manifestations as an early clinical sign of acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:123-7. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences; School of Dentistry; The University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - N Firth
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences; School of Dentistry; The University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Xu B, Chi P, Guo J, Guan G, Tang T, Chen M, Huang Y, Song J. The Preliminary Results of Intense Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Non-randomized Phase II Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sreenivasulu G, Senthilkumaran B, Sudhakumari CC, Guan G, Oba Y, Kagawa H, Nagahama Y. 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene promoter: potential role for cyclic AMP and xenobiotic responsive elements. Gene 2012; 509:68-76. [PMID: 22835697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Teleostean 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-HSD) is involved in final oocyte maturation and steroid hormone metabolism. It has structural and functional similarities to mammalian carbonyl reductases that are involved in the metabolism of endogenous carbonyl and xenobiotic compounds. To understand the transcriptional regulation of 20β-HSD, here we report the cloning of 20β-HSD promoter from two fish species, rainbow trout and air-breathing catfish. Analysis of the promoter motifs, in silico identified the presence of several sites for transcription factor binding including cAMP, xenobiotic and steroid hormone responsive elements. Luciferase reporter assays with progressive deletion constructs demonstrated that 20β-HSD type B of trout has no promoter activity while 20β-HSD type A of trout and catfish 20β-HSD promoters showed basal promoter activity. A TATA box flanked by a CAAT box is important for basal transcription. Deletion of cAMP responsive element in the promoter decreased basal promoter activity significantly. Reporter assays with forskolin and IBMX, drugs that increase intracellular cAMP induced the promoter activity over the basal level. Intriguingly, β-nafthoflavone, an arylhydrocarbon receptor ligand, induced the 20β-HSD promoter activity and is further evidenced by the induction of 20β-HSD expression in the livers of catfish, in vivo. These results demonstrate for the first time that 20β-HSD expression is not only modulated by cAMP but also by xenobiotics and further studies may provide significance to the ubiquitous distribution and broad substrate specificity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sreenivasulu
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yang S, Zhao Z, Wu R, Lu H, Zhang X, Huan C, Wang C, Wu X, Guan G. Expression and biological relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in gastric carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2012; 39:2076-85. [PMID: 22289522 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was studied in gastric carcinoma patients in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Fifty-four samples of gastric carcinoma tissue and 15 samples of adjacent normal gastric mucosal tissue were examined immunohistochemically. Expression rates of VEGF-A (66.7%) and MMP-9 (63.0%) in carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than in normal tissue (6.7% for both proteins). VEGF-A and MMP9 expression was associated with tumour size, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, degree of histological differentiation and pathological stage, but not age or sex. VEGF-A expression was positively correlated with that of MMP-9. Expression of VEGF-A and MMP-9 were each inversely correlated with 5-year survival. VEGF-A and MMP-9 were overexpressed in tumours compared with normal tissue; they may act together to increase carcinogenesis and the progression, invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, and could be used as biomarkers for the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yang J, Guan G, Niu Q, Liu Z, Li Y, Liu J, Ma M, Ren Q, Liu A, Luo J, Yin H. Development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:238-44. [PMID: 22587441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks, which is a pathogen that causes Lyme disease. Cross-reactions with Chlamydia psittaci, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and some tick-borne pathogens were excluded. Analytical sensitivity of LAMP showed its detection limit was from 0.02 to 0.2 pg of DNA in detection of the reference samples at 65°C for 40 min. The performance of LAMP was assessed by testing 110 samples from susceptible tick species and comparing the results with conventional and nested PCR tests previously described. The results demonstrated that LAMP was significantly more sensitive than the conventional PCR (32.7% versus 15.5%, P < 0.05) and slightly more sensitive, although not significantly so, than nested PCR (32.7% versus 26.4%, P > 0.05). The assay was used to analyse a total of 1052 ticks collected from eight provinces in China. The results showed that the infection rates of B. burgdorferi s. l. varied from 12.5% to 88.9% across the different geographical sites. Selected positive samples were subjected to sequencing and sequence analysis for conformation of the accuracy of the assay. Here we report a highly sensitive, specific and easy diagnostic assay based on LAMP technology. These data indicate that LAMP is a useful approach for detecting B. burgdorferi s. l. in field-collected ticks and has the potential as an alternative tool for the ecological and epidemiological surveillance of Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, China
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Abstract
We report on a noninvasive and noncontact all-optical method to measure the elasticity of the cornea. We use a pulsed laser to excite surface acoustic waves (SAW) that propagate on the corneal surface, then use a phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system to remotely record the SAWs from which the corneal elasticity is estimated. In addition, the system is able to provide real-time tomographic images of the cornea being examined, an important consideration for clinical studies. While precisely maintaining a range of intraocular pressures (IOP), a series of measurements is performed on ex vivo intact primate eyes. The measurement results not only demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system to remotely measure the corneal elasticity, but also suggest a strong correlation between the corneal stiffness and the true IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Niu Q, Guan G, Liu Z, Ma M, Li Y, Liu A, Ren Q, Liu J, Luo J, Yin H. Simultaneous detection of piroplasma infections in field Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks by reverse line blotting. Exp Appl Acarol 2012; 56:123-132. [PMID: 22143673 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-011-9503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Piroplasmosis is caused by tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites in the genera of Theileria and Babesia, in which numbers of agents are highly pathogenic for cattle, sheep and goats. We developed a reverse line blot (RLB) assay for detection and differentiation of four different parasites, in which 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence was amplified with a set of universal primers specific for all members in the genera of Theileria and Babesia; and the probes were designed on the basis of hypervariable region 4 (V4 region) of 18S rRNA gene. Three Theileria and one Babesia can be detected simultaneously on this system and it was sensitive to detect a parasitemia level between 10(-5) and 10(-8)%. A total of 149 Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks collected from Lintan County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Region was tested by RLB. Among these, 136 tick samples were also tested by a nested PCR assay developed previously. After comparison of these results, it showed that more T. luwenshuni was detected in RLB assay, while more T. uilenbergi was detected in H. qinghaiensis ticks by nested PCR. The RLB has shown capability for simultaneous detection of four species of piroplasm in H. qinghaiensis ticks, indicating its usefulness for epidemiological studies of piroplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Son S, Kusakabe K, Guan G. Biodiesel Synthesis and Properties from Sunflower and Waste Cooking Oils using CaO Catalyst under Reflux Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.3191.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Guan G, Chauvin A, Yin H, Luo J, Moreau E. Course of infection by Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) and B. divergens in sheep depends on the production of IFNgamma and IL10. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:143-52. [PMID: 20070828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovine babesiosis is an important disease in China and responsible for economic losses. Several Babesia strains are involved, but Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) and Babesia sp. BQ1 (Ningxian) are particularly prevalent in the Guansu region. Babesia divergens, in contrast, can experimentally infect spleen-intact sheep, but does not induce clinical signs. The immune response of spleen-intact sheep to Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) and to B. divergens was therefore compared to identify the immune mechanisms involved in pathogenicity. The greater pathogenicity of Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) than that of B. divergens was confirmed: sheep infected with Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan), but not with B. divergens, developed hyperthermia and showed patent parasitaemia in Giemsa-stained blood smears from the ear vein. Furthermore, more parasites were also detected in the blood from the jugular vein of Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan)-infected sheep. Pathogenicity of Babesia spp. involved cellular responses, but not humoral responses. Interferon-gamma was produced only by specifically activated PBMC from B. divergens-infected sheep and interleukin-10 only by specifically activated PBMC from Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan)-infected sheep. The role of these cytokines in the course of infection by Babesia spp. is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Yin H, Liu Z, Guan G, Liu A, Ma M, Ren Q, Luo J. Detection and differentiation of Theileria luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi infection in small ruminants by PCR. Transbound Emerg Dis 2008; 55:233-7. [PMID: 18666967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Theileria luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi are newly identified Theileria species highly pathogenic for sheep and goats in China. As they are morphologically indistinguishable and poorly characterized, there is no easily applicable method available to differentiate between these species. In the present study, PCR assays are described for the differentiation and detection of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi using species-specific primers, which were designed based on the hypervariable region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. By testing 100 field blood samples of sheep collected from five geographically different regions where the Theileria species were described to be prevalent, the PCR assays not only detected infected samples but also identified mixed infection. This suggests that these PCR assays are useful tools for the detection of and differentiation between T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
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Xu E, Li W, Zhan L, Guan G, Wang X, Chen S, Shi Y. Polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene are associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Chinese. Neuroscience 2008; 155:403-8. [PMID: 18590804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which plays an essential role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and transportation, appears to be a risk factor for ischemic vascular diseases. Several studies have recently reported the presence of relationship between HindIII, PvuII, Ser447Ter (C-->G) polymorphisms of LPL and ischemic vascular diseases. PURPOSE We first studied the relationship between LPL polymorphisms and the risk of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (CI) by detecting the frequencies of LPL HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter genotypes and combined genotypes in the Chinese. METHODS We recruited 185 CI patients, confirmed by cranial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, or both, and 186 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms technique was used to detect HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms of the LPL gene. RESULTS The frequencies of the H+H+ genotype and H+ allele did not differ between CI and control groups. The frequencies of the P+P+ genotype and P+ allele gene were significantly higher in the CI group (P=0.040, P=0.015). The frequencies of CG+GG genotype and G allele were lower in the CI group (P<0.001, P<0.001). In the CI group, the individuals with P+P+ genotype had a significantly higher level of plasma triglyceride (TG) and a lower level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). CG+GG genotypes were correlated with significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the CI group. The frequencies of H+/C and P+/C combined genotypes were higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001, P<0.001). The frequency of H+/P+/C combined genotype was significantly higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms are associated with lipid profile and CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou 510260, PR China.
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Otranto D, Traversa D, Colwell DD, Guan G, Giangaspero A, Boulard C, Yin H. A THIRD SPECIES OF HYPODERMA (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) AFFECTING CATTLE AND YAKS IN CHINA: MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE. J Parasitol 2004; 90:958-65. [PMID: 15562593 DOI: 10.1645/ge-232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle and yak hypodermosis in China is caused by Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum, with a prevalence reaching up to 98-100% of the animals and maximum intensities exceeding 400 warbles for each animal. A third species, H. sinense, is also considered by Chinese researchers to affect livestock. The molecular characterization of the most variable region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and of the ribosomal 28S gene has been performed for the third-stage larvae collected from cattle and yaks in China and identified (on the basis of the spinulation on the ventral side of the 10th segment) as H. bovis, H. lineatum, and H. sinense. Amplicons were digested with the HinfI and BfaI restriction enzymes, which provided diagnostic profiles to simultaneously differentiate the 3 Hypoderma species. Third-stage larvae of H. sinense were also examined by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed proper morphological characteristics different from those of H. bovis and H. lineatum. The molecular and morphological evidence herein reported support the existence of a third species of Hypoderma affecting cattle and yaks in China, and the results provide new tools for unequivocal identification of this species and present key components for the evaluation of its endogenous cycle and pathogenicity in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Otranto
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Kramer PR, Kramer SF, Guan G. 17 beta-estradiol regulates cytokine release through modulation of CD16 expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1967-75. [PMID: 15188374 DOI: 10.1002/art.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages release cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, which modulate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophage release of these cytokines can be modulated by estrogen. Fc gamma receptor type IIIA (CD16a) is a receptor expressed on macrophages that selectively binds IgG molecules, an important rheumatoid factor in RA. Binding of CD16 by anti-CD16 monoclonal antibodies stimulates macrophage cytokine release. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that decreased concentrations of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol) directly cause an increase in CD16 expression, resulting in increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes and/or macrophages upon receptor binding. METHODS THP-1 cells and female human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with no 17 beta-estradiol, physiologic levels (1 x 10(-8)M) of 17 beta-estradiol, or 1 x 10(-8)M 17 beta-estradiol followed by withdrawal of 17 beta-estradiol. Surface expression of CD16 and CD16 messenger RNA was measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cytokine release from 17 beta-estradiol-treated or untreated monocytes was then quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and FACS after crosslinking the receptor with anti-CD16 antibodies. RESULTS CD16 transcript significantly increased in macrophage-like THP-1 cells and in primary, peripheral blood macrophages in the absence of 17 beta-estradiol, and the observed increase in message was dependent on transcription. CD16 receptor levels on CD14+, transforming growth factor beta-treated primary monocytes also increased in cells deprived of 17 beta-estradiol. Analysis of the cytokines released showed that CD16 crosslinking stimulated significant increases in TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 due to the absence of estrogen. CONCLUSION Estrogen can modulate proinflammatory cytokine release from activated monocytes and/or macrophages, in part through modulation of CD16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Dallas, 75246, USA.
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Guan G, Xu C, Dong Z, She C, Liu T, Jiang S. [Expression and distribution of Aquaporin 1 in the nasal polyps]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 36:330-2. [PMID: 12761937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the expression and distribution of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the nasal polyps and to investigate the relation between AQP1 and the nasal polyp edema. METHODS fourteen cases of normal inferior turbinates and 26 cases of nasal polyps were used. The expression and distribution of AQP1 in nasal polyps were examined by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS The level of AQP1 in the epithelial cells and serous cells from nasal polyps was higher than that in inferior turbinates, and the level of AQP1 in the epithelial cells and cilium cells from inferior turbinate was higher than that in nasal polyps. CONCLUSION There is close relationship between AQP1 and nasal polyp edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China.
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Guan G, Takano-Yamamoto T, Miyamoto M, Yamashiro T, Noguchi H, Ishikawa K, Suzuki K. An approach to enhance the interface adhesion between an orthodontic plastic bracket and adhesive. Eur J Orthod 2001; 23:425-32. [PMID: 11544793 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/23.4.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of improving the degree of success of plastic bracket bonding, based on the analysis of the chemical components of plastic brackets, a systematic method for the treatment of the adhesive surface of plastic brackets was introduced in this study. After sandblasting the adhesive surfaces of two commercially available plastic brackets (Spirit and Clear Bracket), a favourable surface treatment was obtained with the application of a silane coupling agent, gamma-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane. The findings showed that (i) the fillers added to the plastic brackets were glass fillers with Si-OH groups distributed on their surfaces; (ii) sandblasting of the bracket surface resulted in exposure of the glass fillers; (iii) combined with sandblasting, silane coupling treatment significantly increased the bond strength (P < 0.05), which was adequate to withstand the forces generated during orthodontic therapy; and (iv) treatment with sandblasting and silane coupling 24 hours before direct bonding did not cause a significant reduction in bond strength. It is concluded that sandblasting and silane coupling treatment offers the benefit of increasing the in vitro bond strength of plastic brackets for orthodontic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
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28
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Wang C, Dong Z, Guan G, Yang Z. [Expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 in nasal polyps and relation with eosinophil infiltration]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:197-8. [PMID: 12541759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 in nasal polyps tissue and its significance. METHOD Paraffin sections of nasal polyps and chronic rhinitis samples were studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULT Expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 were stranger in nasal polyps tissues than in controls. There was positive relationship between the expression of TNF alpha and that of VCAM-1(r = 0.833), and expression of VCAM-1 coincide with eosinophil infiltration(r = 0.746). CONCLUSION It is suggested that TNF alpha may up-regulate the expression of VCAM-1 in vessel endothelium, and prompt adhesion and migration of eosinophils, TNF alpha and VCAM-1 may play important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Bethune Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130031
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Dong Z, Guan G, Chang W. [Expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis gene associated protein on nasal polyps and its significance]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 35:429-31. [PMID: 12768752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further understand the pathogenic mechanism of nasal polyps, namely the cells proliferation and apoptosis in nasal polyps tissue. METHODS The proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis associated gene protein (Bcl-2, Bax) were determined in 26 tissue samples of nasal polyps and 14 controls from normal inferior turbinates respectively. RESULTS (1) The positive expression e of PCNA, Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in epithelium of nasal polyps than the controls, and the expression rate of Bcl-2/Bax, however, tended equipoise. (2) The expression of Bcl-2 were significantly stronger than Bax in glands, eosinophils of nasal polyps tissue, and there were not significant differences in inferior turbinates. CONCLUSION There is strongly proliferation activity in the epithelium of nasal polyps, and expression imbalance of Bcl-2/Bax may be one of the important factors of eosinophilia in nasal polyps tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Teaching Hospital of Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130031, China.
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Guan G, Dong Z, Yang Z. [Expression of apoptotic gene and FGF on olfactory bulb of rat and its significance]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 35:345-7. [PMID: 12768733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression and distribution of apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and Bax on olfactory of rat, and its relation with the FGF and to investigate the mechanism of senile dysosmia. METHODS Ten young (3 months) and ten senile rats (24 months) were used in this study. After the removal of the heads of these rats, olfactory bulb were immediately fixed with neutralized formalin, followed with paraffin-embedding, serial sectioning, immunohistochemiscal staining and microscopic observing. RESULTS The positive expression rate of Bcl-2 and FGF on olfactory bulb in young rats was significantly stronger than that in senile rats (P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of Bax in senile rats was a little stronger than that in young rats, but the differences were not statistically significant. (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION The expression of FGF and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 on olfactory bulb decrease with the increase of age. This suggests neuron apoptosis on olfactory bulb are regulated by neurotrophic factor, and directly related with senile dysosmia. The mitral cell apoptosis as a result of FGF decreased on olfactory bulb may play a key role in the senile dysosmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third College of Norman Bethune, University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130031, China.
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Fujiki T, Takano-Yamamoto T, Noguchi H, Yamashiro T, Guan G, Tanimoto K. A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod 2000; 70:284-9. [PMID: 10961777 DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2000)070<0284:acsodt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the movement of the tip and the dorsal surface of the tongue during deglutition in patients with anterior open bite using cineradiography. The subjects were 10 female patients with anterior open bites and 10 female controls with normal overbites. By cineradiography we established 7 stages of tongue movement and bolus position during deglutition and analyzed the tongue position, tongue movement and the time. The tongue-tip position was more protrusive during deglutition in anterior open bite than in the controls. After the head of the bolus arrived at the opening of the esophagus, the rear part of the dorsal surface of the tongue demonstrated slower movement in patients with anterior open bite than in controls. The nasopharynx closed earlier in patients with anterior open bite than in controls. It is suggested that anterior open bite patients had compensatory coordination of tongue movement, soft palate movement and pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity during deglutition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujiki
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
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Guan G, Kobayashi T, Nagahama Y. Sexually dimorphic expression of two types of DM (Doublesex/Mab-3)-domain genes in a teleost fish, the Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:662-6. [PMID: 10860811 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination consists of somatic and germ-line sex differentiation hierarchies whose interaction is poorly understood. A single gene known to control somatic sex determination, the DM-domain containing (Doublesex/Mab-3 DNA-binding motif) gene, is highly conserved across species. Vertebrate DMRT1 (DM-related transcription factor 1) expression occurs predominantly in testis. We, however, isolated two distinct DM-domain cDNAs from tilapia testis and ovary, named tDMRT1, and tDMO (DM-domain gene in Ovary), respectively. Despite high homology in the DM-domain, there is little similarity outside the DM-domain. A male specific motif is absent in tDMO indicating a similarity with the female type of doublesex in Drosophila. In contrast to the alternatively spliced male and female types of doublesex, tDMRT1 and tDMO cDNAs are encoded by two different genes. The mutually exclusive nature of tDMRT1 and tDMO expression in the testis or ovary suggests that they both play important roles in gonadal development and/or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Huang C, Zhang X, Lu H, Wu X, Guan G, Wang C, Zhou Y, Zhang J. [Long-term effect on preoperative ulnaris arterial intubation chemotherapy in treatment of stage III breast cancer]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:412-4. [PMID: 11832070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate preoperative ulnaris arterial intubation chemotherapy as a step of multidisciplinary treatment of stage III breast cancer. METHODS 109 patients with stage III breast cancer were studied. 64 patients (group A) were treated by preoperative ulnaris arterial intubation chemotherapy and others (group B) were not. The 5 and 10-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS In patients with stage III breast cancer, the overall response rate of group A was 76.6%, and the response rate to histological study was 89.1%. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of group A were 64.0% and 47.9% respectively. The disease-free survival rate of group A was 59.4% at 5 years and 43.3% at 10 years. All were higher than the 5-year and 10-year survival rates (31.1%, 21.9%) and the 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates (22.2%, 12.5%) of group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Preoperative ulnaris arterial intubation chemotherapy is an effective measure for the treatment of stage III breast cancer. It can improve the long-term effects on stage III breast cancer and reduce local relapse and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Zhu W, Yang M, Xing X, He Y, Zhuang X, Guan G, Qian X, Chen S. [Bone marrow transplantation for beta-thalassemia major]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2000; 17:79-81. [PMID: 10751525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major. METHODS Bone marrow transplantation was performed on a 4-year-old patient with beta-thalassemia major, whose gene mutation was CD41-42/654. The donor was his brother. In the 850ml bone marrow, the nucleated cells were 5.6x10(8)/kg, CD(+)(34) cells 7.8 x 10(6)/kg, and colony-forming-unit-granulocyte-macrophages(CFU-GM) 5.7x10(5)/kg. HLA was one site mismatched, while RBC type matched. Pre-transplant conditions included Busulfan 16mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 200mg/kg and lymphoglobuline 88mg/kg. Cyclosporine and methotrexate were used for prevention of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD). RESULTS After transplantation, the patient had grade II acute GVHD and cytomegalovirus(CMV) interstitial pneumonia; he was cured. White blood cells(WBC) and neutrophil granulocytes recovered to 1.1 x 10(9)/L and 0.4 x10(9)/L respectively on day 14 post transplantation. WBC was 4.5 x 10(9)/L on day 18, and descended for a time during treating interstitial pneumonia with Ganciclovir. Platelet(Plt) exceeded 50 x 10(9)/L on day 86 and recovered to normal 5 mothers and a half post transplantation. Hb reached 106g/L on day 128. The patient received the last blood transfusion on day 103. Before transplantation, the patient had to receive 200ml blood infusion per month for maintaining Hb 60-90g/L; after transplantation, his Hb kept up >110g/L for 6 months without blood transfusion. The gene type had changed to donor's CD41-42/N heterozygen. CONCLUSION This is the first report on successful transplantation of bone marrow stem cell for thalassemia major in China, suggesting a new way to treat the disease and to expand the use of BMT. For treatment of CMV interstitial pneumonia post-transplantation, Ganciclovir should be dose enough and be used for at least 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, the First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515 P.R. China.
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths of plastic brackets and the influences of the bracket filler contents on the bonding. The shear bond strengths of 4 plastic brackets (Spirit; Spirit MB; Clear Bracket; Aesthetic-Line) bonded to enamel with 4 orthodontic adhesives (Orthomite Superbond; System 1+; Transbond XT; and Kurasper-F) were compared with the strength of a conventional metal bracket. The findings of this study indicated the following: (1) shear bond strength of the 4 plastic brackets was significantly lower than that of the conventional metal brackets (P <.05), with most of the values ranging from 3 MPa to 6 MPa; (2) when comparing the bond strengths of plastic brackets, Aesthetic-Line had the largest value followed by Spirit MB, Spirit, and Clear Bracket, and when the plastic brackets were bonded with Orthomite Superbond, they showed relatively stronger bond strengths than when bonded with the other adhesives. Clear Bracket showed relatively lower values especially when bonded with System 1+; (3) the application of primer did not increase the durability of the bond strengths when bonding Spirit and Clear brackets; and (4) fillers contained in each plastic bracket ranging from 9.18% to 19. 52% were fairly well distributed and showed the same morphology of a fiber type 10 microm in diameter with different lengths. The filler concentration tended to correlate with the bond strength. The exposed fillers on the bracket base surface may play a more important role in plastic bracket adhesion than the macro-morphology of the base surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama City, Japan
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Guan G, Todo T, Tanaka M, Young G, Nagahama Y. Isoleucine-15 of rainbow trout carbonyl reductase-like 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is critical for coenzyme (NADPH) binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:3079-83. [PMID: 10725344 PMCID: PMC16195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase-like 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20β-HSD) is an enzyme that converts 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (the maturation-inducing hormone of salmonid fish). We have previously isolated two types of CR/20β-HSD cDNAs from ovarian follicle of rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
). Recombinant proteins produced by expression in
Escherichia coli
in vitro
showed that one (type A) had CR and 20β-HSD activity but that the other (type B) did not. Among the three distinct residues between the protein products encoded by the two cDNAs, two residues (positions 15 and 27) are located in the N-terminal Rossmann fold, the coenzyme binding site. To investigate the structure/function relationships of CR/20β-HSDs, we generated mutants by site-directed mutagenesis at the following positions: MutA/I15T, MutB/T15I, and MutB/Q27K. Enzyme activity of wild-type A was abolished by substitution of Ile-15 by Thr (MutA/I15T). Conversely, enzyme activity was acquired by the replacement of Thr-15 with Ile in type B (MutB/T15I). MutB/T15I mutant showed properties similar to the wild-type A in every aspect tested. Mutation MutB/Q27K had only partial enzyme activity, indicating that Ile-15 plays an important role in enzyme binding of cofactor NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Hu Y, Bi Y, Guan G. [The association between A1166-->C of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene and pregnancy induced hypertension]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2000; 35:136-8. [PMID: 11775887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of gene type of A1166 polymorphism site of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AT1RG) and whether it might be implicated in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) woman. METHODS We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme analysis and electrophoresis for this study. RESULTS 1. The gene types of A1166 polymorphism site of AT1R gene on normal control and PIH and essential hypertension subjects were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg laws. 2. The C allele frequencies of AT1R gene (A1166-->C) in control, PIH, and essential hypertension subjects was 3.7%, 11.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. 3. The frequency of variants(AC, CC) of AT1R gene A1166 polymorphism site in PIH (20.5%) was significantly higher than that of control subjects (7.4%). 4. The gene type of variants (AC, CC) and C allele frequency of AT1R gene A1166 polymorphism site in essential hypertension (18.8%, 9.4%, respectively) was higher than those of control subjects. There is no statistical difference in A1166-->C variants between PIH and essential hypertension. CONCLUSIONS 1. The variants(A-->C) of 1166 polymorphism site of AT1RG predisposes increased risk of PIH. 2. The PIH patients are at the risk of suffering from essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154003, China
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Huang C, Zhang X, Lu H, Zheng Z, Wu X, Guan G, Wang C, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zheng Z. [Long-term therapeutic effects of extended radical resection and radical resection of cancer of cardia and stomach fundus]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:55-7. [PMID: 11831989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the best range of radical resection in the treatment of cancer of the cardia and fundus of stomach. METHODS 418 patients with cancer of the cardia and fundus of stomach underwent radical resection. Of them 192 were treated by extended radical resection (extended group), and 226 by radical resection (radical group). The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were followed up and compared in the two groups. RESULTS Analysis failed to demonstrate significant difference between the two operations for TNM stage I and II (P > 0.05). For stage III, however, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates in the extended group increased by 14.2% and 15.9% as compared with those in the radical group (P < 0.05). The two groups survival rates were similar for stage IV (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To completely clean the lymph nodes of splenic hilus and artery and improve long-term survival rate, extended radical resection including spleen and body and tail of the pancreas should be recommended for stage III patients with cancer of the cardia and fundus of stomach when their serosa was involved or lymph node metastasis took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Wang Y, Guan G, Dong Z, Yang Z. Effects of rhidosin on expression of fibroblast growth factor on olfactory bulb in rats and its relation with senile hyposmia. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:731-4. [PMID: 11601283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on olfactory bulb in rats and its relation with senile hyposmia, and to discuss the effects of rhidosin on expression of FGF on olfactory bulb in senile rats and its significance. METHODS Four groups of rats, i.e., young group, senile group, rhidosin group, and physiological saline control group were used in this study. After the removal of the heads of these rats, olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulbs were immediately fixed with neutral formalin, followed with paraffin-embedding, serial sectioning, immunohistochemical staining and light microscopic observation. RESULTS The positive expression rate of FGF on olfactory bulb in young group was significantly higher than that in senile group (P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of FGF on olfactory bulb in rhidosin group was significantly higher than that in physiological saline control group (P < 0.01). No positive expression of FGF on olfactory mucosa was observed in these four groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the expression of FGF on olfactory bulb gradually decline with aging. The decrease of expression of FGF on olfactory bulb may play a key role in the occurrence of senile hyposmia. Rhidosin can increase the expression of FGF on olfactory bulbs in senile rats and this may be one of the mechanisms by which rhidosin promotes the growth of olfactory cells and inhibits aging effects on the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Third Teaching Hospital, Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130031, China.
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40
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Guan G, Wang Y, Dong Z. [Effects of rhidosin on expression of fibroblast growth factor on olfactory bulb in senile rats and its significance]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 1999; 34:227-8. [PMID: 12764778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the effects of rhidosin on expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on olfactory bulb in senile rats and its significance. METHODS Ten rats each were used in the rhidosin group and physiological saline control group. After decapitation, the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulbs were immediately fixed with neutral formalin, followed with paraffin-embedding, serial sectioning, immunohistochemical staining and light microscopic observation. RESULTS The positive expression rate of FGF on olfactory bulb in the rhidosin group was significantly higher than that in the physiological saline control group (P < 0.01). No positive expression of FGF on olfactory mucosa was observed in these two groups. CONCLUSION Rhidosin can increase the expression of FGF on olfactory bulbs in senile rats and these may be one of the mechanisms by which rhidosin exerts its anti-aging effects on the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Third Teaching Hospital, Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130031
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41
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Guan G, Tanaka M, Todo T, Young G, Yoshikuni M, Nagahama Y. Cloning and expression of two carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cDNAs in ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:123-8. [PMID: 10082666 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In salmonid fish, 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD) is a key enzyme involved in the production of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. Here we report the isolation of two cDNAs which encode proteins with high homology to carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-HSD (CR/20beta-HSD) from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. Genomic DNA analysis showed that the two CR/20beta-HSD cDNAs are derived from two different genes. Northern blot and RT PCR analysis demonstrated that trout CR/20beta-HSDs are broadly expressed in various tissues. Enzymatic characterization using recombinant CR/20beta-HSD proteins produced in E. coli showed that the product of one of the two cDNAs had both 20beta-HSD and CR activity, but the other had neither activity. Although the functional significance of the two genes remains unresolved, these results clearly demonstrate the presence of two distinct CR/20beta-HSD transcripts in the trout ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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42
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Guan G, Dai P, Shechter I. Differential transcriptional regulation of the human squalene synthase gene by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) 1a and 2 and involvement of 5' DNA sequence elements in the regulation. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:12526-35. [PMID: 9575211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the human squalene synthase (HSS) gene is regulated by variations in the level of cellular cholesterol. Three regulatory elements in the HSS promoter region are known to be involved in the regulation: 1) a modified sterol regulatory element (SRE) 1 (HSS-SRE-1), 2) an inverted SRE-3 (Inv-SRE-3), 3) an inverted Y box (Inv-Y-Box). We report here the regulatory role of distinct cis-elements in the HSS promoter by using mutants of an HSS-luciferase promoter reporter. The activity of a wild-type promoter reporter transiently transfected into HepG-2 cells is increased by sterol depletion of the cells or by coexpression of mature forms of the SRE-binding proteins (SREBP) 1a and SREBP-2. Differential activation by SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 of the reporter gene mutated at various regions of the promoter is observed. Mutation of either the HSS-SRE-1 or the Inv-SRE-3 sequence diminished the activation by SREBP-1a and by sterol depletion but did not affect the activation by SREBP-2. Simultaneous mutations of both of these sequences almost completely abolished activation of the promoter by SREBP-1a or by sterol depletion, but activation by SREBP-2 was retained at 70%. Mutation of the Inv-Y-Box sequence element decreased the activity of the promoter by 50% or more, and if mutated together with both SREs, the activation was almost completely abolished. Mutation of any single GC box of the two located at -40 to -57 did not affect activity, whereas simultaneous mutation of the two decreased activation by SREBP-2 by 60%, by lipid depletion by 20%, and had no effect on the activation by SREBP-1a. A Y box motif at -159 to -166 and an SRE-like sequence element (SRE-1(8/10)) at position -101 to -108 are also involved in the sterol regulation. These results indicate that the complex sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation of the HSS gene is due to the presence of multiple copies of diverse cis elements in the HSS promoter. The differential activation of the HSS promoter may point to specific role of the SREBPs in cholesterogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA
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43
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Panickar KS, Guan G, King MA, Rajakumar G, Simpkins JW. 17beta-estradiol attenuates CREB decline in the rat hippocampus following seizure. J Neurobiol 1997; 33:961-7. [PMID: 9407016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the activation of a number of genes. We reported that CREB levels decline following a severe hypoglycemic episode in the hippocampus and cortex in the male rat brain. The present experiment was undertaken to investigate whether 17beta-estradiol prevents the decline in CREB-immunoreactive cells following seizure in female rats. Rats were divided into four groups: ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized and insulin-treated (OVX-I), estrogen-replaced (E2), and estrogen-replaced and insulin-treated (E2-I). Generalized seizures were induced by injections with insulin (12.5 IU/kg, intraperitoneally) and animals were recovered by administration of glucose within 5 min of the occurrence of seizure. Control animals were injected with saline instead of insulin. All animals were perfused 90 min after recovery and the brains were processed for CREB immunoreactivity. CREB-positive neurons were counted using a computer-assisted program. Insulin treatment of OVX rats caused a significant decline in CREB-positive neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus compared to OVX rats. Estrogen treatment of OVX rats significantly increased CREB-positive neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus and attenuated the insulin-induced decline of CREB-positive neurons in all three regions compared to OVX rats. In conclusion, estrogens appear to induce CREB expression and attenuate its decline in the hippocampus following a severe hypoglycemic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Panickar
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging and Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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44
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Finn PW, He H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Guan G, Listman J, Perkins DL. Synergistic induction of CTLA-4 expression by costimulation with TCR plus CD28 signals mediated by increased transcription and messenger ribonucleic acid stability. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.9.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cell activation requires at least two signals transduced by the Ag-specific TCR plus a costimulatory receptor. The CD28 costimulatory molecule has been shown to promote T cell proliferation and cytokine production. CTLA-4, a cell surface molecule homologous to CD28, can function as a repressor of T cell activation. Thus, CTLA-4 and CD28 may have opposing functions during T cell activation. CTLA-4 is expressed at low levels on resting T cells and up-regulated after T cell activation. Regulation of CTLA-4 expression is critical to the normal regulation of immunity. For example, CTLA-4-deficient mice develop early onset lethal autoimmunity. We previously showed that CTLA-4 transcription is increased after T cell activation and that induction was controlled by 335 bp of CTLA-4 upstream sequence. In this work, we show that cell surface CTLA-4 expression is increased synergistically by TCR plus CD28 signals. Synergistic induction is mediated by two mechanisms: an enhanced rate of transcription and increased mRNA stability. In contrast to the regulation of IL-2 and IL-2R expression, which is inhibited by cyclosporin A-, but not rapamycin-dependent signal transduction pathways, CTLA-4 expression is inhibited by either cyclosporin A or rapamycin. Thus, synergistic induction of CTLA-4 expression requires both cyclosporin A- and rapamycin-dependent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Finn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H He
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - G Guan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Listman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D L Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Finn PW, He H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Guan G, Listman J, Perkins DL. Synergistic induction of CTLA-4 expression by costimulation with TCR plus CD28 signals mediated by increased transcription and messenger ribonucleic acid stability. J Immunol 1997; 158:4074-81. [PMID: 9126965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation requires at least two signals transduced by the Ag-specific TCR plus a costimulatory receptor. The CD28 costimulatory molecule has been shown to promote T cell proliferation and cytokine production. CTLA-4, a cell surface molecule homologous to CD28, can function as a repressor of T cell activation. Thus, CTLA-4 and CD28 may have opposing functions during T cell activation. CTLA-4 is expressed at low levels on resting T cells and up-regulated after T cell activation. Regulation of CTLA-4 expression is critical to the normal regulation of immunity. For example, CTLA-4-deficient mice develop early onset lethal autoimmunity. We previously showed that CTLA-4 transcription is increased after T cell activation and that induction was controlled by 335 bp of CTLA-4 upstream sequence. In this work, we show that cell surface CTLA-4 expression is increased synergistically by TCR plus CD28 signals. Synergistic induction is mediated by two mechanisms: an enhanced rate of transcription and increased mRNA stability. In contrast to the regulation of IL-2 and IL-2R expression, which is inhibited by cyclosporin A-, but not rapamycin-dependent signal transduction pathways, CTLA-4 expression is inhibited by either cyclosporin A or rapamycin. Thus, synergistic induction of CTLA-4 expression requires both cyclosporin A- and rapamycin-dependent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Finn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosptial, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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46
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Guan G, Dai PH, Osborne TF, Kim JB, Shechter I. Multiple sequence elements are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the human squalene synthase gene. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:10295-302. [PMID: 9092581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of human squalene synthase (HSS) gene is transcriptionally regulated in HepG-2 cells, up to 10-fold, by variations in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. An earlier deletion analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the HSS gene demonstrated that most of the HSS promoter activity is detected within a 69-base pair sequence located between nucleotides -131 and -200. ADD1/SREBP-1c, a rat homologue of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c binds to sterol regulatory element (SRE)-1-like sequence (HSS-SRE-1) present in this region (Guan, G., Jiang, G., Koch, R. L. and Shechter, I. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21958-21965). In our present study, we demonstrate that mutation of this HSS-SRE-1 element significantly reduced, but did not abolish, the response of HSS promoter to change in sterol concentration. Mutation scanning indicates that two additional DNA promoter sequences are involved in sterol-mediated regulation. The first sequence contains an inverted SRE-3 element (Inv-SRE-3) and the second contains an inverted Y-box (Inv-Y-box) sequence. A single mutation in any of these sequences reduced, but did not completely remove, the response to sterols. Combination mutation studies showed that the HSS promoter activity was abolished only when all three elements were mutated simultaneously. Co-expression of SRE-1- or SRE-2-binding proteins (SREBP-1 or SREBP-2) with HSS promoter-luciferase reporter resulted in a dramatic increase of HSS promoter activity. Gel mobility shift studies indicate differential binding of the SREBPs to regulatory sequences in the HSS promoter. These results indicate that the transcription of the HSS gene is regulated by multiple regulatory elements in the promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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47
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Perkins D, Wang Z, Donovan C, He H, Mark D, Guan G, Wang Y, Walunas T, Bluestone J, Listman J, Finn PW. Regulation of CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation. J Immunol 1996; 156:4154-9. [PMID: 8666782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation requires at least two distinct signals, including signaling via the Ag-specific TCR and a costimulatory pathway. The best characterized costimulatory pathway involves the CD28 molecule, which is expressed constitutively on T cells and binds the family of B7 counter-receptors on APCs. Inhibition of this costimulatory pathway prevents T cell activation and can lead to long-term T cell unresponsiveness or anergy. In contrast, CTLA4, which is homologous to CD28, has been shown to be a negative regulator of T cell activation. The CTLA4 molecule is not expressed on resting T cells, but is induced after the initial steps of T cell activation. To address the regulation of CTLA4 expression, we have analyzed CTLA4 at the level of cell surface expression, mRNA, rate of transcription, and rate of decay of message. Nuclear runoff results show an increase in the rate of transcription following T cell activation. Our analyses of non-T cells, including B cells, mastocytoma, and fibroblasts, by Northern blot analysis detect only T cell expression of CTLA4. Reporter gene analysis indicates that 335 bp of upstream CTLA4 sequence are sufficient to control inducibility. We have identified important regulatory regions that control inducible and cell-specific CTLA4 expression. These results also suggest that both positive and negative response elements modulate the transcriptional regulation of CTLA4 gene expression. Understanding the regulation of CTLA4 should provide insight into the regulation of T cell activation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perkins
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Perkins D, Wang Z, Donovan C, He H, Mark D, Guan G, Wang Y, Walunas T, Bluestone J, Listman J, Finn PW. Regulation of CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.11.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cell activation requires at least two distinct signals, including signaling via the Ag-specific TCR and a costimulatory pathway. The best characterized costimulatory pathway involves the CD28 molecule, which is expressed constitutively on T cells and binds the family of B7 counter-receptors on APCs. Inhibition of this costimulatory pathway prevents T cell activation and can lead to long-term T cell unresponsiveness or anergy. In contrast, CTLA4, which is homologous to CD28, has been shown to be a negative regulator of T cell activation. The CTLA4 molecule is not expressed on resting T cells, but is induced after the initial steps of T cell activation. To address the regulation of CTLA4 expression, we have analyzed CTLA4 at the level of cell surface expression, mRNA, rate of transcription, and rate of decay of message. Nuclear runoff results show an increase in the rate of transcription following T cell activation. Our analyses of non-T cells, including B cells, mastocytoma, and fibroblasts, by Northern blot analysis detect only T cell expression of CTLA4. Reporter gene analysis indicates that 335 bp of upstream CTLA4 sequence are sufficient to control inducibility. We have identified important regulatory regions that control inducible and cell-specific CTLA4 expression. These results also suggest that both positive and negative response elements modulate the transcriptional regulation of CTLA4 gene expression. Understanding the regulation of CTLA4 should provide insight into the regulation of T cell activation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perkins
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Donovan
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H He
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D Mark
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - G Guan
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Walunas
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Bluestone
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Listman
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P W Finn
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospitals, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chen O, Guan G, Jin C. [The detection of laryngeal carcinoma-associated antigens in tissue and serum using three mixed monoclonal antibodies against laryngeal cancer]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 1996; 31:43-6. [PMID: 9275404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma-associated antigens in tissue and serum of patients with laryngeal carcinoma and normal adults were detected by using ABC and ELISA methods. The results showed that the positive rate rised from 80-86.6% to 97.7% by applying mixed monoclonal antibodies compared with single monoclonal antibody against laryngeal cancer. It was also found that the level of laryngeal carcinoma-associated antigens was much higher in serum of laryngeal carcinoma group than that of control group. The statistic difference was very significant (P < 0.01). The level was different with clinical types, stages and increased in line with the tumor growth. So it was suggested that the mixed monoclonal antibodies were sensitive and specific, which was considered as a useful tumor marker for diagnosis, monitoring clinial course and judging prognosis of patient with laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun
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50
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Abstract
We have cloned and characterized the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding human squalene synthase. We report here the promoter activity of successively 5'-truncated sections of a 1 kilobase of this region by fusing it to the coding region of a luciferase reporter gene. DNA segments of 200 base pairs (bp) 5' to the transcription start site, as determined by primer extension analysis, show a strong promoter effect on the expression of the luciferase chimeric gene and a high response to the presence of sterols when transiently transfected into the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 or to the hamster-derived CHO-K1 cells. An approximately 50-fold induction of luciferase activity, in the absence of sterols, was observed in transiently transfected HepG2 cells for fusion constructs containing sections of 200, 459, and 934 bp of the putative human squalene synthase promoter. Loss of promoter activity and response to sterols was localized to a 69-bp section located 131 nucleotides 5' to the transcription start site. Sequence analysis of this region showed that it contained a sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) previously identified in other sterol regulated genes (Smith, J. R., Osborne, T. F., Brown, M. S., Goldstein, J. L., and Gil, G. (1988). J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18480-18487) and two potential NF-1 binding sites. Additional CCAAT box, SRE-1 element, and two Sp1 sites were identified 3' to this section. Sequences within this 69-bp DNA, including the SRE-1 cis-acting element, show strong binding to the purified nuclear transcription factor ADD1 (Tonzonoz, P., Kim, J. B., Graves, R. A., and Spiegelman B. M. (1993) Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 4753-4759) by mobility shift assay and footprinting analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, Boettcher Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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