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Kim GH, Lee G, Ha S, Cho GJ, Kim YH. Declining incidence of cerebral palsy in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10496. [PMID: 37380633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Presuming that the incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in Korea is decreasing due to medical advances, we analyzed the trends and risk factors of CP in changing circumstances. We identified all women who delivered a singleton between 2007 and 2015 using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI). Information on pregnancy and birth was obtained by linking the KNHI claims database and data from the national health-screening program for infants and children. The 4-years incidence of CP decreased significantly from 4.77 to 2.52 per 1000 babies during the study period. The multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of developing CP was 29.5 times higher in preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age, 24.5 times higher in infants born between 28 and 34 weeks, and 4.5 times higher in infants born between 34 and 36 weeks, compared to full-term appropriate for age (2.5 ~ 4 kg of body weight) infants. 5.6 times higher in those with birth weight < 2500 g, and 3.8 times higher in pregnancies with polyhydramnios. Additionally, respiratory distress syndrome increased the risk of developing CP by 2.04 times, while necrotizing enterocolitis was associated with a 2.80-fold increased risk of CP. In Korea, the incidence of CP in singleton decreased from 2007 to 2015. We need to continue to focus on developing medical technologies for the early detection of high-risk neonates and minimizing brain damage to reduce the incidence rate of CP effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gisu Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungyeon Ha
- Graduate School of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Korea.
| | - Yoon Ha Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-Ro, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea.
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2
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Kim GH, Lee K, Shim JO. Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Case-Control Study and a Cross-Cohort Analysis Using Publicly Available Data Sets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0212522. [PMID: 36652592 PMCID: PMC9927514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02125-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows discordant results due to inconsistent study designs or small sample sizes. This study aimed to characterize how gut microbiota in IBS patients differs from that in healthy controls by performing a case-control study and cross- and mega-cohort analysis. Multiple publicly shared data sets were examined by using a unified analytical approach. We performed 16S rRNA gene (V3-4) sequencing and taxonomic profiling of the gut bacterial communities. Fecal samples from children with IBS (n = 19) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 24) were used. Next, we analyzed 10 separate data sets using a unified data-processing and analytical approach. In total, 567 IBS patients and 487 healthy controls were examined. In our data sets, no significant differences existed in stool α-diversity between IBS patients and healthy controls. After combining all the data sets using a unified data-processing method, we found significantly lower α-diversity in IBS patients than in healthy controls. In addition, the relative abundance of 21 bacterial species differed between the IBS patients and healthy participants. Although the causal relationship is uncertain, gut bacterial dysbiosis is associated with IBS. Further functional studies are needed to assess whether the change in gut microorganisms contributes to the development of IBS. IMPORTANCE Research on the gut bacteria in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows discordant results due to inconsistent study designs or small sample sizes. To overcome these issues, we analyzed microbiota of 567 IBS patients and 487 healthy people from 10 shared data sets using a unified method. We demonstrated that gut bacteria are less diverse in IBS patients than in healthy people. In addition, the abundance of 21 bacterial species is different between the two groups. Altered bacterial balance, called dysbiosis, has been reported in several disease states. Although the causal relationship is uncertain, gut bacterial dysbiosis also seems to be associated with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Ok Shim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Kim GH, Shim JO. Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022:cep.2021.01550. [PMID: 36397259 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut covers a large surface area of the body and faces various external factors. The brain works in concert with commensal microbes in the gut to efficiently process the enormous amount of chemical signals that enter the gut every day. This review discusses: 1) evidence that gut bacteria can alter brain development and behavior, 2) mechanisms by which gut bacteria communicate with the brain, 3) preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the impact of gut microbiota on autism spectrum disorder, and 4) variables worth consideration by future research on gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ok Shim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Alam L, Omar AM, Konje S, Gandhi K, Moras E, Meister D, Pena M, Perez Lizardo C, Mancero B, Zipf E, Kim GH, Elias J, Argulian E. Diastolic stress echocardiography in patients with normal resting diastolic function: prognostic utility in presence and absence of myocardial ischemia. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal diastolic response to exercise is reportedly associated with worse cardiovascular events. However, this has not been well studied in patients with normal diastolic function at rest.
Purpose
We sought to study diastolic response to exercise in patients referred for exercise stress echocardiography (ExE) and to explore its association with adverse outcomes in the presence and absence of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
Methods
In a retrospective study, patients referred for ExE to assess myocardial ischemia between April 2017 and December 2018 were enrolled. Patients were included if they had guideline-defined normal diastolic function at rest and availability of a full set of post exercise diastolic variables (post exercise tissue Doppler derived septal mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e'), ratio of pulsed Doppler derived mitral forward flow early diastolic velocity (E) over e' (E/e') and continuous wave Doppler derived maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV)). The patients were followed for a median of 3.4 years for the occurrence of composite death, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac hospitalization, and need of follow-up ischemia testing. Abnormal exercise diastolic variables were defined as e' <7 cm/s, E/e' >15, and TRV >2.8 m/s.
Results
We studied 492 patients [age: 55.7±12.9 year, 268 (54%) women, EF: 61±5.8%]. Mean achieved metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs) was 9.7±3.1, and a total of 49 (10%) patients had evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. At rest, mean left atrial volume index was 25.4±12 ml, e' was 8±2 cm/s, E/e' was 9.5±2.4, and TRV was 2.1±0.44 m/s. Post exercise e' was 10±3 cm/s [<7cm/s in 63 (13%)], E/e' was 11.1±3.9 [>15 in 95 (19%)], and TRV was 2.37±0.68 m/s [>2.8 m/s in 152 (31%)]. Ischemic ExE was found to be strongly associated with the outcome (HR: 4.46, 95% CI: 2.8 to 7.1, p<0.001). In addition, all diastolic variables predicted the outcome in isolation if they were abnormal (e': 2.28, 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.7, p=0.001, E/e': 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.84, p=0.01; TRV: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.13, p=0.003). When combined, however, association with the outcome was seen only when 2 or 3 of these variables were abnormal simultaneously (Figure 1A). When patients were stratified by ischemia and abnormal diastolic variables (figure 1B), patients with 2 or 3 abnormal variables were more likely to experience the outcome compared to patients with 0 or 1 abnormal variables in both absence of ischemia (p<0.001) and presence of ischemia (p=0.016). The stratified groups were different in their clinical and exercise profiles, with worse profiles in patients with both ischemia and 2 or 3 abnormal variables, and best profiles in patients with no ischemia and 0 or 1 abnormal variables.
Conclusions
In patients referred for ExE to assess ischemia with normal baseline diastolic function, exercise can unmask abnormal diastolic properties and stratify patients' risk regardless of the overt myocardial ischemia.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alam
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - A M Omar
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - S Konje
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - K Gandhi
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Moras
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - D Meister
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - M Pena
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - C Perez Lizardo
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - B Mancero
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Zipf
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - G H Kim
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - J Elias
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Argulian
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
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Zaheer J, Kim H, Ko IO, Jo EK, Choi EJ, Lee HJ, Shim I, Woo HJ, Choi J, Kim GH, Kim JS. Pre/post-natal exposure to microplastic as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. Environ Int 2022; 161:107121. [PMID: 35134716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In common with the increase in environmental pollution in the past 10 years, there has also been a recent increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this regard, we hypothesized that exposure to microplastics is a potential risk factor for ASD. To evaluate the validity of this hypothesis, we initially examined the accumulation of polyethylene (PE) in the brains of mice and then assessed the behavioral effects using mouse models at different life stages, namely, prenatal, post-weaning, puberty, and adult models. Based on typical behavioral assessments of autistic traits in the model mice, we established that ASD-like traits were induced in mice after PE feeding. In addition, we examined the induction of ASD-like traits in response to microplastic exposure using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, microarray, and microbiome analysis. We believe these findings provide evidence in microplastics as a potential risk factor for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Zaheer
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- School of Health & Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, College of ICT Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, College of ICT Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
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Kim GH, Park DY. Gastrointestinal: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm occurring in the heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2333. [PMID: 33624344 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - D Y Park
- St. Mary Pathology Laboratory, Busan, South Korea
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7
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Choi EK, Shin J, Kim GH, Choi BM. Hemodynamics of different volumes of red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:410-414. [PMID: 32645234 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many controversies exist regarding the risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, half of preterm infants born at <32 weeks of gestational age receive such transfusions because of anemia of prematurity. Because of the costs and risks associated with multiple transfusions, it has been suggested that a large transfusion volume reduces the number of transfusions. However, there have been persistent concerns that RBC transfusion might lead to volume overload. METHODS We examined the impacts of large (20 mL/kg) compared to standard volume (15 mL/kg) transfusions on the hemodynamic variables of stable, electively transfused, preterm infants, by serially measuring echocardiographic parameters and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels. RESULTS A total of 39 infants born at <34 weeks of gestation and aged >2 weeks at the time of enrollment were randomly allocated to either a standard volume (15 mL/kg) or a large volume (20 mL/kg) group. Significant reductions in cardiac output and transient increases in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels were found after RBC transfusion in both the standard and large volume (20 mL/kg) groups. However, these changes were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Large-volume transfusions could be tolerable in stable preterm infants with anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Kyung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Yang J, Kim H, Shin K, Nam Y, Heo HJ, Kim GH, Hwang BY, Kim J, Woo S, Choi HS, Ko DS, Lee D, Kim YH. Molecular insights into the development of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer: a metastasis prediction study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:12701-12708. [PMID: 33378017 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is presently the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. In this study, we identified molecular differences between hepatic and non-hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and evaluated their prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded primary data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE6988, GSE62321, GSE50760, and GSE28722). To identify the molecular differences, we used the Significance Analysis of Microarray method. We selected nine prognostic genes (SYTL2, PTPLAD1, CDS1, RNF138, PIGR, WDR78, MYO7B, TSPAN3, and ATP5F1) with hepatic metastasis prediction score in colorectal cancer (hereafter referred to as LASSO Score). We confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariate analysis, the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, and the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve at 1-5 years. RESULTS Survival analysis revealed that a high LASSO Score is associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastases (p = 0). Analysis of C-indices and AUC values from the receiver operating characteristic curve further supported this prediction by the LASSO Score. Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score (p = 1.13e-06). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the biological mechanisms underlying hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and will help in developing targeted therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Chung HJ, Yang D, Kim GH, Kim SK, Kim SW, Kim YK, Kim YA, Kim JS, Kim JK, Kim C, Sung IK, Shin SM, Oh KJ, Yoo HJ, Yu HJ, Lim SJ, Lee J, Jeong HI, Choi J, Kwon JY, Eun BL. Development of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST). Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:438-446. [PMID: 32683817 PMCID: PMC7642140 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea. METHODS The standardization and validation conducted in 2012-2014 of 3,284 subjects (4-71 months of age) resulted in the first edition of the K-DST. The restandardization and revalidation performed in 2015-2016 of 3.06 million attendees of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children resulted in the revised K-DST. We analyzed inter-item consistency and test-retest reliability for the reliability analysis. Regarding the validation of K-DST, we examined the construct validity, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and a criterion-related validity analysis. RESULTS We ultimately selected 8 questions in 6 developmental domains. For most age groups and each domain, internal consistency was 0.73-0.93 and test-retest reliability was 0.77-0.88. The revised K-DST had high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979. The test supported construct validity by distinguishing between normal and neurodevelopmentally delayed groups. The language and cognition domain of the revised K-DST was highly correlated with the K-Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II's Mental Age Quotient (r=0.766, 0.739), while the gross and fine motor domains were highly correlated with Motor Age Quotient (r=0.695, 0.668), respectively. The Verbal Intelligence Quotient of Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence was highly correlated with the K-DST cognition and language domains (r=0.701, 0.770), as was the performance intelligence quotient with the fine motor domain (r=0.700). CONCLUSION The K-DST is reliable and valid, suggesting its good potential as an effective screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Donghwa Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasung, Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Key Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Ah Kim
- Yonsei University Human Behavior Research Institute, and HUNO, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sik Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheongtag Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Son Moon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Joon Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasung, Korea
| | | | - Jeehun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yi Kwon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BS, Kang J, Jun S, Kim H, Pak K, Kim GH, Heo HJ, Kim YH. Association between immunotherapy biomarkers and glucose metabolism from F-18 FDG PET. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:8288-8295. [PMID: 32894535 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations between parameters derived from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and mRNA expression levels of immune checkpoint biomarkers such as programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) as well as tumor mutation burden (TMB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Integrated data were downloaded from Genomic Data Common Data Portal. Clinical, mRNA-seq, and whole exome-seq data of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. TMB was defined as the total number of somatic missense mutations per megabase of the genome examined. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 mRNA and TMB were collected. Correlations between imaging parameters of glucose metabolism and the expression levels of genomic biomarkers from cancers were evaluated. Bonferroni correction (adjusted p<0.0027) was applied to reduce type 1 error. RESULTS Of 31 NSCLC cases, 11 cases were adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 20 were squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In linear regression analysis, texture parameters such as low gray-level run emphasis (LGRE, R2=0.48, p<0.0001), short run low gray-level emphasis (SRLGE, R2=0.45, p<0.0001) and long run low gray-level emphasis (LRLGE, R2=0.41, p=0.0001) derived from gray-level run length matrix (GLRLM) showed remarkable correlation with PD-L1 mRNA expression. Expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, and TMB failed to show any significant correlation with parameters of the F-18 FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS Texture parameters derived from PET, known to indicate glucose uptake distribution, were correlated with expression of PD-L1 mRNA but not with expression of PD-1, CTLA-4 and TMB. Thus, tumoral heterogeneity could be a surrogate marker for the identification of PD-L1 level in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, University of Kosin College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Lim JY, Lee CL, Kim GH, Bang YJ, Rhim JW, Yoon KS. Using lactic acid bacteria and packaging with grapefruit seed extract for controlling Listeria monocytogenes growth in fresh soft cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8761-8770. [PMID: 32713695 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various cheese products are involved in outbreaks of listeriosis worldwide due to high consumption and prolonged refrigerated storage. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using lactic acid bacteria and packaging with grapefruit seed extract (GSE) for controlling Listeria monocytogenes growth in soft cheese. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus curvatus isolated from kimchi were used as a starter culture to make a soft cheese, which was inoculated with a cocktail strain of L. monocytogenes. The soft cheese was packed with low-density polyethylene, biodegradable polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), low-density polyethylene with GSE, or PBAT with GSE and stored at 10°C and 15°C. Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LcM) better inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes than Lb. curvatus. The PBAT with GSE film showed the best control for the growth of L. monocytogenes. When both LcM and PBAT with GSE were applied to the soft cheese, the growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited significantly more than the use of LcM or PBAT with GSE alone. In all test groups, water activity, pH, and moisture on a fat-free basis decreased, and titratable acidity increased compared with the control group. These results suggest that LcM isolated from kimchi and PBAT with GSE packaging film can be used as a hurdle technology to lower the risk of L. monocytogenes in soft cheese at the retail market.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - C L Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Bang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Park CS, Gwon A, Ahn HS, Kim GH, Cho JS, Youn HJ. P1535 Interventricular interaction can result in right ventricular dysfunction in interventricular septum involved myocardial infarction patient. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies revealed that interventricular septal thickness is related to right ventricular dysfunction after anterior myocardial infarction. This finding suggest that interventricular septal function can affect right ventricular function in myocardial infarction patients. We assumed that right ventricular free wall strain values measured using dedicated software can be affected in the setting of ischemic insult on interventricular septum in long-term follow up.
Methods
The patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction due to left anterior descending artery disease who underwent successful revascularization were enrolled. Echocardiographic exams were performed at least 2 times, within 72 hours and 1 year after the revascularization. Strain values of interventricular septum and right ventricular free wall were derived from the raw-dicom images. The analysis was performed using the dedicated software for the measurement of right ventricular strain.
Results
Total 65 patients were enrolled. The values of global left ventricular strain were increased after the follow up. There were no changes in global longitudinal strain of the right ventricle. But longitudinal stain values acquired from right ventricular free walls were decreased even the strain values measured at left ventricle and interventricular septum were improved.
Conclusion
Interventricular septal dysfunction due to ischemic injury can affect long term right ventricular dysfunction. This finding suggests the interventricular dependence between cardiac chambers and can provide the development of heart failure in myocardial infarction patient even after the successful revascularization.
Strain values of both ventricles Left ventricle after revascularization (n = 65) 1 year later (n = 65) P values Global longitudinal strain (%) -12.84 ± 4.50 -15.62 ± 4.45 <0.001 Septal longitudinal strain (%) -10.77 ± 5.96 -14.02 ± 5.26 <0.001 Right ventricle Global longitudinal strain (%) -19.36 ± 4.57 -19.47 ± 4.83 0.872 Septal longitudinal strain (%) -14.82 ± 4.48 -16.43 ± 6.03 0.055 Free wall longitudinal strain (%) -20.23 ± 5.33 -17.82 ± 5.70 0.010
Abstract P1535 Figure. Right ventricular segmental strain
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Park
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - A Gwon
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H S Ahn
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G H Kim
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Cho
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Youn
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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13
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Lee J, Ahn YA, Choi K, Park J, Moon HB, Choi G, Lee JJ, Suh E, Kim HJ, Eun SH, Kim GH, Cho G, Kim SK, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim S, Eom S, Choi S, Kim YD, Kim S. Bisphenol A in infant urine and baby-food samples among 9- to 15-month-olds. Sci Total Environ 2019; 697:133861. [PMID: 32380592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diet is the predominant source of bisphenol A (BPA) intake, but limited data are available on BPA levels in the diet of younger infants. This study investigated BPA levels in baby-food and urine samples collected from young infants (under 2 years old). Samples of homemade baby food (n = 210) and urine (n = 187) were collected at 9, 12, and 15 months after birth from a panel of Korean infants (n = 173). BPA levels in urine and food were measured using HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. BPA was above the limit of detection (LOD) in 85.5-85.7% of the urine samples and 32.5-76.3% of the baby-food samples. The median levels of BPA were 0.45 ng/g wet weight (IQR: not detectable to 5.16 ng/g wet weight) in homemade baby food, 0.93 μg/L (IQR: <LOD to 2.66 μg/L) in unadjusted urine samples, and 0.94 μg/L (IQR: <LOD to 2.80 μg/L) in urine samples adjusted for specific gravity. The BPA levels detected in this study were comparable or lower compared to previously reported levels of BPA in baby-food and infant urine samples. The BPA concentrations in the baby food of 15-month-old children (median: 5.09 ng/g) were significantly greater than those detected at 9 or 12 months of age (median: <LOD and 0.47 ng/g, respectively). Considering that the dietary changes from solid food with high water content to solid food as infants grew were accompanied by greater exposure to BPA, it is noteworthy that urinary BPA levels did not significantly differ according to infants' age. These results suggest that solid food with high water content did not drive the internal dose in younger infants, implying that there may have been other sources of exposure in their baby-food (other than weaning-food) and the environment, although further study would be needed to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Ahn
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - D D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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15
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Jung HN, Suh SI, Park A, Kim GH, Ryoo I. Early Prediction of Periventricular Leukomalacia Using Quantitative Texture Analysis of Serial Cranial Ultrasound Scans in Very Preterm Infants. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:2658-2665. [PMID: 31327491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We compared texture parameters of serial cranial ultrasound (cUS) images of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and normal periventricular echogenicity (PVE) in very preterm infants and evaluated the early predictive values of texture analysis (TA) for PVL. Ten individuals with PVL and 10 control individuals with PVE assessed with an initial cUS within 1 wk of birth and follow-up cUS at 2-3 and 4-6 wk of life were included. TA was performed on the region of interest of PVE at the parieto-occipital area on serial cUS. Opposite changes in variance were obtained between the first two cUS sessions in both groups (p = 0.017 in PVL and p = 0.005 in PVE). The variance-to-mean ratio (VMR) between the second and first cUS sessions differed (p = 0.016) and reliably stratified the groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.820, 95% confidence interval: 0.587-1.000, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 60%). TA of serial cUS helps to predict PVL within 3 wk of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Jung
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Suh
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Arim Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inseon Ryoo
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Suh S, Kim K, Byeon JH, Eun SH, Eun BL, Kim GH. Association of Low Serum Ionized Magnesium Level with Fever-Triggered Seizures in Epileptic Children. Child Neurol 2018. [DOI: 10.26815/jkcns.2018.26.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background Suboptimal intake of magnesium become prevalent due to the modern diet of processed food low in magnesium. Magnesium may modulate seizure activity by antagonizing excitatory calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Although hyponatremia has been reported to be common in febrile seizures, the most common form of seizure, little is known about the status of serum ionized magnesium. We therefore investigated the status of serum ionized magnesium (iMg2+) in children with febrile seizures and compared with controls. Methods We included all patients from 1 to 6 years old who had presented with febrile seizure to the pediatric emergency department at the Korea University Guro Hospital from July 2016 to February 2017. The control group comprised patients admitted to the hospital with febrile respiratory tract infections, but with no history of febrile seizure. Clinical data, blood tests, and electroencephalogram (EEG) results were reviewed using the patients’ medical records. Results A total of 133 patients with febrile seizure and 141 control patients were analyzed in the present study. As a result, hypomagnesemia (< 0.50 mmol/L) was more common in patients with febrile seizure than in controls (42.9% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001) and it was an independent risk factor for febrile seizure (OR, odds ratio = 22.12, 95% CI = 9.23–53.02, P < 0.001). A receiver operating curve analysis revealed that serum iMg2+ levels < 0.51 mmol/L predicted the presence of febrile seizures with a sensitivity of 45.1% and a specificity of 92.6% (AUC, area under the curve = 0.731, 95% confidence interval = 0.671–0.791). When the patients with febrile seizure were divided in terms of a serum iMg2+ concentration of 0.51 mmol/L, there was no difference in clinical features. Conclusions Hypomagnesemia was more common and serum iMg2+ level was lower in patients with febrile seizures than in controls. However, further evidence is needed for the causal relationship between low magnesium and febrile convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shim JO, Han K, Park S, Kim GH, Ko JS, Chung JY. Ten-year Nationwide Population-based Survey on the Characteristics of Children with Henoch-Schӧnlein Purpura in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e174. [PMID: 29915525 PMCID: PMC6000599 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schӧnlein purpura (HSP) is a common vasculitis of childhood. Though HSP is usually self-limiting, severe complications can occur. The management for this condition has not been established yet. Thus, this nationwide study aimed at investigating epidemiological characteristics of children with HSP in Korea. The patterns of clinical practice with regard to the complications of the condition were also investigated. METHODS This is a national population-based study that used the National Health Insurance Database. Children below 18 years who were diagnosed with HSP in Korea between 2006 and 2015 were enrolled. Data, such as age, sex, yearly and monthly distribution of HSP, hospitalization, re-hospitalization, comorbidities, and interventions were obtained. The use of steroids was also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 56,841 children were enrolled. The annual incidence of HSP was 55.9 per 100,000 children. The peak age was 5 years. Spring was the most prevalent season. Sex (male) and young age (< 9 years) were risk factors of hospitalization. Younger children were more likely to be re-hospitalized and suspected with intussusception, arthritis, and nephritis. Only 4 children received laparotomy. In total, 57% were managed with steroids, and mean durations of medication were 4-5 days. Children who were hospitalized and those with comorbidities used steroids more frequently (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The annual incidence of HSP is 55.9 per 100,000 children which is higher in Korea than that in other countries. Younger children can have a more severe clinical course. This nationwide survey provides valuable information to understand HSP in children and to inspire further research on HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee J, Choi K, Park J, Moon HB, Choi G, Lee JJ, Suh E, Kim HJ, Eun SH, Kim GH, Cho GJ, Kim SK, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim S, Eom S, Choi S, Kim YD, Kim S. Bisphenol A distribution in serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum in a birth panel of mother-neonate pairs. Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:1494-1501. [PMID: 29146078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during the perinatal and postnatal periods increases the susceptibility to disease over the life cycle. However, information on the BPA delivered to fetuses or infants via the placenta and breastfeeding is limited. We determined the BPA exposure levels in various bodily fluids and tissues of pregnant women and described fetus and infant exposures to BPA based on associations and BPA ratios in mother-neonate paired samples. Maternal serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, cord serum, and neonatal urine samples were collected from 318 mother-neonate pairs at six university hospitals in Korea. BPA levels were detected using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The ratios of the BPA levels in the other sample types to the levels in maternal serum were calculated. BPA was detected in 79.5-100% of the maternal and fetal samples. The median BPA concentration in the samples decreased in the order of neonatal urine (4.75ng/mL), maternal urine (2.86ng/mL), cord serum (1.71ng/mL), maternal serum (1.56ng/mL), breast milk (0.74ng/mL), and the placenta (0.53ng/g). We estimated the ratios of BPA levels in the other sample types to those in maternal serum. The median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-maternal serum ratio was 1.12 (15.2) for 160 mother-fetal pairs, in which BPA was detected in both samples. The placenta-, maternal urine-, neonatal urine-, and breast milk-to-maternal serum ratios were 0.28 (5.31), 1.79 (29.9), 1.98 (28.2), and 0.51 (10.5), respectively. In addition, the median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-placenta ratio was 4.03 (45.8), and the neonatal urine-to-cord serum ratio was 1.95 (25.6). The 95th percentile values were 14-20-fold greater than the medians. Urine contained the highest BPA concentrations, followed by serum, breast milk, and the placenta. The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim S, Eom S, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SY, Cho G, Kim YD, Suh E, Kim SK, Kim S, Kim GH, Moon HB, Park J, Kim S, Choi K, Eun SH. Association between maternal exposure to major phthalates, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, and the neurodevelopmental performances of their children at 1 to 2years of age- CHECK cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:377-384. [PMID: 29258038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the developing fetus and infants to toxic substances can cause serious lifelong health consequences. Several chemicals have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental disorders in the early life stages of humans. However, most epidemiological studies have focused on a limited number of chemicals, and hence may exclude important chemicals from consideration or result in conclusions built on associations by chance. In the present study, we investigated the chemical exposure profile of the women, and associated these with the early neurodevelopmental performance of their offspring at 13-24months of age. The chemicals assessed include four phthalates, bisphenol A, three heavy metals, 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 19 organochlorine pesticides, and 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which were measured from urine, whole blood, serum, and/or breastmilk of the pregnant or lactating women. For neurodevelopmental performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were measured from a total of 140 toddlers. Among the measured chemicals, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) in maternal urine was significantly associated with early mental, psychomotor, and social development. In addition, breast milk di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite and blood lead concentrations were inversely associated with mental and psychomotor development indices, respectively. Maternal blood PCB153, heavy metals, and urinary MEP levels were also higher among the children with behavioral problems, as indicated by the CBCL range. Taken together, maternal exposure to several EDCs such as PCBs and DEHP was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental performances among the children aged 1-2years. Confirmation of these association in larger populations, as well as longer-term consequences of such exposure warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Park Y, Lee A, Choi K, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Kim S, Kim SY, Cho GJ, Suh E, Kim SK, Eun SH, Eom S, Kim S, Kim GH, Moon HB, Kim S, Choi S, Kim YD, Kim J, Park J. Exposure to lead and mercury through breastfeeding during the first month of life: A CHECK cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:876-883. [PMID: 28886539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury and lead are naturally occurring toxicants and are responsible for various health issues including neurobehavioral and developmental disorders. Because of crucial synchronized developmental processes occurring at the early stage of life, infancy and childhood are considered as among the most susceptible windows to the exposure to these metals. Breastmilk is often the only source of nutrition during the first months of life. As breastmilk can be contaminated with these metals, breastfeeding may serve as a significant route of heavy metal exposure among infants. In order to understand current levels of exposure to mercury and lead through breastfeeding, and their associated risks, a total of 157 lactating mothers were recruited from Children's Health and Environmental Chemicals of Korea (CHECK) cohort, and breastmilk samples were collected at 15 and 30days after delivery (n=207). Mercury was detected from 100% of breastmilk with a median concentration of 0.59μg/L, and lead was detected in 77% of the samples with a median at 4.71μg/L. Higher concentrations of lead were found in the 30- day breastmilk than in the 15-day. Up to 45% of the breastmilk samples exceeded the normal range of the breastmilk lead suggested by WHO. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, about 71% of 15days old infants and 56% of 30days old infants were estimated at risk due to lead exposure through breastfeeding. Considering vulnerability of infants and well-known neurological toxicity of these metals, further studies to identify major exposure sources that contribute the lead concentration in breastmilk and health implication of early life stage exposure to lead among the breastfed infants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea; Chemtopia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Inchoen, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Hankook General Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim S, Lee J, Park J, Kim HJ, Cho GJ, Kim GH, Eun SH, Lee JJ, Choi G, Suh E, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim SY, Kim S, Eom S, Moon HB, Kim S, Choi K. Urinary phthalate metabolites over the first 15months of life and risk assessment - CHECK cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:881-887. [PMID: 28711850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are important group of endocrine disruptors. Infants and young children are susceptible to phthalate exposure. However, information on the phthalate exposure during the early stages of life is very limited. This study was conducted to understand the temporal trend of exposure to major phthalates among infants of Korea during the first 15months after birth, and to estimate associated risks. A total of 286 urine samples were collected from 171 children at 3, 9, 12, or 15months of age, with 77 children sampled for two or more times. Four phthalates, i.e., di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were chosen, and their major metabolites were analyzed in the urine. The DEHP metabolites were detected in 100% of the urine samples at relatively higher levels compared to those reported in other countries. The levels of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were generally lower. Urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites, especially DEHP metabolites, increased as children grew older. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) calculated for DEHP metabolites over time were high (0.7-0.8), suggesting persistence of consistent exposure sources during this sensitive period of life. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated from daily intake estimates divided by recommended toxicity thresholds. Among the study population, 4, 16, and 26% of the children showed HI >1 at 9, 12, and 15months of age, respectively. DEHP exposure explained most of the risk estimates. Considering vulnerability of young children to endocrine disruption, efforts to identify sources of exposure and to develop appropriate mitigation options are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Yim CH, Kim GH, Eun BL. Usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for infants and children for the evaluation of developmental delay in Korean infants and children: a single-center study. Korean J Pediatr 2017; 60:312-319. [PMID: 29158765 PMCID: PMC5687978 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2017.60.10.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Kim GH, Seo JH, Baumgartner JE, Ajmal F, Lee KH. Usefulness of intraoperative insular electrocorticography in modified functional hemispherectomy. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28841860 PMCID: PMC5574099 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insular cortex is not routinely removed in modified functional hemispherectomy due to the risk of injury to the main arteries and to deep structures. Our study evaluates the safety and usefulness of applying intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) on the insular during the hemispherectomy. METHODS We included all patients who underwent insular ECoG during a modified functional hemispherectomy from 2012 to 2015. After the surgery, the decision for further resection of the insular cortex was made based on the presence of electrographic seizures on ECoG. RESULTS The study included 19 patients (age, 6.4 ± 4.7 years, mean ± standard deviation). Electrographic seizures were identified in 5 patients (26.3%). Sixteen of the 19 patients (84.2%) became seizure-free with a follow-up duration of 3.1 ± 0.6 years and no vascular complication occurred. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative insular ECoG monitoring can be performed safely while providing a tailored approach for insular resection during modified hemispherectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children and Florida Hospital, 615 E. Rollins Street, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA
| | - Joo Hee Seo
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children and Florida Hospital, 615 E. Rollins Street, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA
| | - James E Baumgartner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children and Florida Hospital, 615 E. Rollins Street, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA
| | - Fatima Ajmal
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children and Florida Hospital, 615 E. Rollins Street, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children and Florida Hospital, 615 E. Rollins Street, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemispherectomy can produce remarkable seizure control of medically intractable hemispheric epilepsy in children, but some patients continue to have seizures after surgery. A frequent cause of treatment failure is incomplete surgical disconnection of the abnormal hemisphere. This study explores whether intraoperative 3-T MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during hemispherectomy can identify areas of incomplete disconnection and allow complete disconnection during a single surgery. METHODS The charts of 32 patients with epilepsy who underwent hemispherectomy between January 2012 and July 2014 at the Florida Hospital for Children were reviewed. Patients were grouped as having had curative or palliative hemispherectomy. To assess the completeness of disconnection when the surgeon considered the operation completed, intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI was performed. If incomplete disconnection was identified, additional surgery was performed until MRI-DTI sequences confirmed satisfactory disconnection. Seizure outcome data were collected via medical records at last follow-up. RESULTS Of 32 patients who underwent hemispherectomy, 23 had curative hemispherectomy and 9 had palliative hemispherectomy. In 11 of 32 surgeries, the first intraoperative MRI-DTI sequences suggested incomplete disconnection and additional surgery followed by repeat MRI-DTI was performed. Complete disconnection was accomplished in 30 of 32 patients (93.8%). Two of 32 disconnections (6.3%) were incomplete on postoperative imaging. Cross-sectional results showed that 21 of 23 patients (91.3%) who had curative hemispherectomy remained free of seizures (International League Against Epilepsy Class 1) at a median follow-up of 1.7 years (range 0.4-2.9 years). The longitudinal seizure freedom after curative hemispherectomy was 95.2% (SE 0.05) at 6 months, 90.5% (SE 0.06) at 1 year, and 90.5% (SE 0.05) at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI sequences can identify incomplete disconnection during hemispherectomy and allow higher rates of complete disconnection in a single surgery. Higher rates of complete disconnection seem to achieve better seizure-free outcome following modified functional hemispherectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital Orlando; and
| | - Joo Hee Seo
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital Orlando; and
| | - Seema Schroff
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital Orlando; and
| | - Po-Ching Chen
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital Orlando; and.,Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital Orlando; and
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26
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Suh CR, Sohn SY, Kim GH, Jung SK, Eun BL. Single-center experience of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test for infants and children. Korean J Pediatr 2016; 59:483-489. [PMID: 28194214 PMCID: PMC5300913 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the number of test takers of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) in a single children's hospital within a year, according to age, referral rate, and follow-up percentage. Methods For this study, 4,062 children who visited and received K-DST at Woorisoa Children's Hospital between January and December 2015 were enrolled. Seven test sets were used according to the Korean National Health Screening Program for infants and children in the following age groups: 4 to 6, 9 to 12, 18 to 24, 30 to 36, 42 to 48, 54 to 60, and 66 to 71 months. The results of the K-DST were categorized into 4 groups as follows: further evaluation (<−2 standard deviation [−2SD]), follow-up test (−2SD to −1SD), peer level (−1SD to 1SD), and high level (>1SD). Results The test participants' population and follow-up population were concentrated before the age of 24 months (2,532, 62.3%). The children most commonly referred for further evaluation were those in the 30- to 41-month age group. A mismatch was found between the results of the K-DST and the additional questions. Most of the infants and children with suspicious developmental delays showed catch-up development in their follow-up tests (43 of 55, 78.2%). Conclusion The use of K-DST should be encouraged, especially among children aged over 24 months. Multiple-choice question format for the additional questions is recommended to avoid confusion. We suggest a nationwide study to evaluate and revise the K-DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Ri Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ye Sohn
- Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Kim HR, Kim GH, Eun SH, Eun BL, Byeon JH. Ictal sinus pause and myoclonic seizure in a child. Korean J Pediatr 2016; 59:S129-S132. [PMID: 28018465 PMCID: PMC5177695 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.11.s129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ictal tachycardia and bradycardia are common arrhythmias; however, ictal sinus pause and asystole are rare. Ictal arrhythmia is mostly reported in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy. Recently, ictal arrhythmia was recognized as a major warning sign of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. We present an interesting case of a child with ictal sinus pause and asystole. A 27-month-old girl was hospitalized due to 5 episodes of convulsions during the past 2 days. Results of routine electroencephalography (EEG) were normal, but she experienced brief generalized tonic seizure for 3 days. During video-monitored EEG and echocardiography (ECG), she showed multiple myoclonic seizures simultaneously or independently, as well as frequent sinus pauses. After treatment with valproic acid, myoclonus and generalized tonic seizures were well controlled and only 2 sinus pauses were seen on 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. Sinus dysfunction should be recognized on EEG, and it can sometimes be treated successfully with only antiepileptic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Kim YS, Kim GH, Byeon JH, Eun SH, Eun BL. Chromosome 11q13 deletion syndrome. Korean J Pediatr 2016; 59:S10-S13. [PMID: 28018436 PMCID: PMC5177688 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.11.s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 11q13 deletion syndrome has been previously reported as either otodental syndrome or oculo-oto-dental syndrome. The otodental syndrome is characterized by dental abnormalities and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and by ocular coloboma in some cases. The underlying genetic defect causing otodental syndrome is a hemizygous microdeletion involving the FGF3 gene on chromosome 11q13.3. Recently, a new form of severe deafness, microtia (small ear) and small teeth, without the appearance of eye abnormalities, was also reported. In this report, we describe a 1-year-old girl presenting with ptosis of the left upper eyelid, right auricular deformity, high-arched palate, delayed dentition, simian line on the right hand, microcephaly, and developmental delay. In this patient, we identified a deletion in the chromosome 11q13.2-q13.3 (2.75 Mb) region by using an array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis. The deletion in chromosome 11q13 results in a syndrome characterized by variable clinical manifestations. Some of these manifestations involve craniofacial dysmorphology and require a functional workup for hearing, ophthalmic examinations, and long-term dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Seon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign convulsions with gastroenteritis (CwG) are defined as afebrile convulsions accompanying symptoms of gastroenteritis without evidence of laboratory derangement. Although the main pathogen has been known as rotavirus, since the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, associated viruses with CwG may have changed. Thus, we evaluated the viral association of CwG for patients admitting for recent 2.5 years. METHODS All patients hospitalized for CwG between November 2012 and May 2015 were included in our study. Stool specimens were tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detecting norovirus and astrovirus and with enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. Clinical data was gathered via chart review. RESULTS Fifty patients were included. Except four patients who failed to collect stool samples, 46 patients were tested. Causative diarrheal viruses were detected in 38 patients and they were 29 norovirus, four rotavirus, four adenovirus, and one astrovirus. Norovirus was commonly identified during the months of November and December. No difference of the clinical characteristics and laboratory value was noted according to the number of seizure episodes. CONCLUSIONS Norovirus is a common pathogen in CwG. Understanding the viral associations can facilitate recognition of CwG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deog-Yong Lee
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC-Korea), Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Jeong
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC-Korea), Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea.
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30
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Lee KW, Lee KC, Kim GH, Kim JH, Yeon JS, Cho SB, Chang BJ, Kim SK. EFFECTS OF DIETARY FERMENTED GARLIC ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS, INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY, CECAL MICROFLORA AND SERUM CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KW Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KC Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - GH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - JS Yeon
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - SB Cho
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - BJ Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - SK Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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31
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Abstract
The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a major fruit crop of temperate regions of the world. 'Fuji' apple (Ralls Genet x Delicious), a famous apple cultivar in Korea, has been very popular since its promotion in Japan in 1958. 'Fuji' and its bud mutant cultivars possess variable levels of genetic diversity. Nonetheless, the phenotypes of each group, which are classified into the bud mutation groups: early season, fruiting spur, and coloring, are similar. Despite attempts to identify these bud mutation cultivars, molecular markers, which were developed before the emergence of next-generation sequencing technology, have not been able to distinguish each cultivar easily. In this study, we adopted the resequencing technique using the 'Golden Delicious' (Grimes Golden x Unknown) apple genome as a reference. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and InDels (insertions or deletions) of 'Fuji' apple and its bud mutant cultivar were detected and SNPs and unique InDels distinct to each cultivar were identified. Data from this study may be used to identify bud mutant cultivars of 'Fuji' apples and be useful for further breeding of apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - S I Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - Y S Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - C Choi
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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32
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Yao K, Uedo N, Muto M, Ishikawa H, Cardona HJ, Filho ECC, Pittayanon R, Olano C, Yao F, Parra-Blanco A, Ho SH, Avendano AG, Piscoya A, Fedorov E, Bialek AP, Mitrakov A, Caro L, Gonen C, Dolwani S, Farca A, Cuaresma LF, Bonilla JJ, Kasetsermwiriya W, Ragunath K, Kim SE, Marini M, Li H, Cimmino DG, Piskorz MM, Iacopini F, So JB, Yamazaki K, Kim GH, Ang TL, Milhomem-Cardoso DM, Waldbaum CA, Carvajal WAP, Hayward CM, Singh R, Banerjee R, Anagnostopoulos GK, Takahashi Y. Development of an E-learning System for the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: An International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:140-147. [PMID: 27333048 PMCID: PMC4972485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, gastric cancer is not diagnosed until an advanced stage. An Internet-based e-learning system to improve the ability of endoscopists to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage was developed and was evaluated for its effectiveness. Methods The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. After receiving a pre-test, participants were randomly allocated to either an e-learning or non-e-learning group. Only those in the e-learning group gained access to the e-learning system. Two months after the pre-test, both groups received a post-test. The primary endpoint was the difference between the two groups regarding the rate of improvement of their test results. Findings 515 endoscopists from 35 countries were assessed for eligibility, and 332 were enrolled in the study, with 166 allocated to each group. Of these, 151 participants in the e-learning group and 144 in the non-e-learning group were included in the analysis. The mean improvement rate (standard deviation) in the e-learning and non-e-learning groups was 1·24 (0·26) and 1·00 (0·16), respectively (P < 0·001). Interpretation This global study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of an e-learning system to expand knowledge and provide invaluable experience regarding the endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer (R000012039). This report establishes that an e-learning system on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of endoscopists. Countless endoscopists worldwide can access the system to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs.
This is the first report to demonstrate how an e-learning system based on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of gastrointestinal endoscopists worldwide. There is no limit to the number of endoscopists who can access the system and benefit from this opportunity to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. This e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs such as the large intestine and the esophagus, as well as the stomach. It may contribute to human welfare and health by reducing the mortality from gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yao
- Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan.
| | - N Uedo
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Muto
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Ishikawa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - R Pittayanon
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Olano
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Yao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A Parra-Blanco
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S H Ho
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A G Avendano
- Hospital Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - A Piscoya
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - E Fedorov
- Russia National Medical University, Moscow University Hospital, N31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A P Bialek
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Mitrakov
- Nizhniy Novgorod Cancer Hospital, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - L Caro
- GEDyt Gastroenterologia diagnostica y tratamiento Inst afiliafa a la UBA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Gonen
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Dolwani
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Farca
- The American British Cowdray Medical Center. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L F Cuaresma
- Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cusco, Peru
| | - J J Bonilla
- i-gastro/Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aerea del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - W Kasetsermwiriya
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Ragunath
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Disease Biomedical Research Unit, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S E Kim
- Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Marini
- Gastroenterology and Operative Endoscopy Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - H Li
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - M M Piskorz
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Iacopini
- Ospedale S. Giuseppe, ASL Roma 6, Albano L, Rome, Italy
| | - J B So
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Yamazaki
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G H Kim
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T L Ang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - C A Waldbaum
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C M Hayward
- Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - R Singh
- Lyell McEwin Hospital & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Banerjee
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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Jeong Y, Lee S, Kim S, Choi SD, Park J, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim YD, Cho G, Suh E, Kim SK, Eun SH, Eom S, Kim S, Kim GH, Kim S, Choi K, Moon HB. Occurrence and prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants using meconium in Korea: Feasibility of meconium as a non-invasive human matrix. Environ Res 2016; 147:8-15. [PMID: 26828623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is of great concern due to the vulnerability of fetus. Nineteen Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including DDTs, HCHs, chlordanes, and hexachlorobenzene, and 22 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in meconium samples from 72 newborn infants using high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The median concentrations (on wet weight basis) of PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs were 26.8pg/g, 66.7pg/g, and 2.32pg/g, respectively. Highly significant correlations were observed among the compounds of PCBs and OCPs, suggesting their similar sources and kinetic behaviors. BDE 47 had significant correlations with PCBs and OCPs, whereas BDE 209 was not correlated with any of the contaminants due to different exposure sources. The concentrations of p,p'-DDE, β-HCH, and trans-nonaCHL between paired maternal blood-meconium and cord blood-meconium showed significant correlations, while PCBs and PBDEs were not significantly correlated in the paired samples. Maternal age and gestational age were demographic parameters affecting POP levels in meconium. Multiple regression analysis showed that the levels of several OCPs in cord and maternal serum were contributing factors governing the levels of these contaminants in meconium. Our results indicate that meconium can be utilized as a human matrix for prenatal exposure to several OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Park H, Lee J, Cho G, Choi S, Choi G, Kim SY, Eun SH, Suh E, Kim SK, Kim HJ, Kim GH, Lee JJ, Kim YD, Eom S, Kim S, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim S, Kim S. Association of diethylhexyl phthalate with obesity-related markers and body mass change from birth to 3 months of age. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:466-72. [PMID: 26834143 PMCID: PMC4862064 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested potential links of phthalates to obesity in children and adults. Limited evidence, however, has been available for the relations between diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and obesity-related markers or body mass change in early life. METHODS 128 healthy pregnant women were recruited and, after delivery, their newborns' first urine and umbilical cord blood samples were collected. We measured urinary levels of two DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We also measured the levels of leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in cord serum, and used them along with weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index (PI, 100 g/cm(3)) at birth, as obesity-related markers, and estimated the relations between DEHP metabolites and obesity-related markers using generalised linear models. For the evaluation of body mass increase by early life DEHP exposure, body mass index (BMI) z-score change during 3 months after birth by DEHP metabolites in the first urine samples of the newborns were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS DEHP exposure was associated with decrease of PI and increase of TG (PI, β=-0.11, p=0.070 and TG, β=0.14, p=0.027), especially for boys (PI, β=-0.13, p=0.021; and TG, β=0.19, p=0.025). Moreover, DEHP exposure was positively associated with body mass increase during 3 months after birth (change of BMI z-scores, OR=4.35, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DEHP exposure may affect body mass change in early life through changes of obesity-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jin D, Heo TH, Byeon JH, Kim GH, Kim MK, Eun SH, Eun BL. Analysis of clinical information and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis. Korean J Pediatr 2015; 58:446-50. [PMID: 26692881 PMCID: PMC4675926 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.11.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Meningitis is among the most common infections affecting the central nervous system. It can be difficult to determine the exact pathogen responsible for the infection and patients are often treated with empiric antibiotics. This study was conducted to identify the most common clinical characteristics of enteroviral meningitis in children and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for early detection of an enterovirus. Methods We analyzed the medical records of children admitted to Korea University Medical Center and diagnosed with meningitis on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and RT-PCR from CSF and other samples from January 2010 to August 2013. Results A total of 333 patients were enrolled and classified into four groups based on diagnosis: enteroviral meningitis (n=110), bacterial meningitis (n=23), other viral meningitis (n=36), and unknown etiology (n=164). Patients with bacterial meningitis were younger than those in the other groups (P<0.001). Pleocytosis in CSF was similar across all groups. Of patients in the enteroviral meningitis group, 92.7% were diagnosed based on RT-PCR findings. Mean length of hospital stay for patients with enteroviral meningitis was 6.08 days, which was significantly shorter than that for patients with meningitis of bacterial etiology (19.73 days, P<0.001). Conclusion Diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis before viral culture results are available is possible using RT-PCR. Accurate diagnosis reduces the length of hospital stay and helps to avoid unnecessary empiric antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Byeon JH, Kim GH, Kim JY, Sun W, Kim H, Eun BL. Cognitive Dysfunction and Hippocampal Damage Induced by Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Prolonged Febrile Convulsions in Immature Rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 58:22-9. [PMID: 26279809 PMCID: PMC4534735 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prolonged febrile seizures (pFS) are common neurologic problems that occur during childhood. However, there is insufficient evidence from experimental studies to conclude that pFS directly induces hippocampal injury. We studied cognitive function and histological changes in a rat model and investigated which among pFS, HIE, or a dual pathologic effect is most detrimental to the health of children. Methods A rat model of HIE at postnatal day (PD) 7 and a pFS model at PD10 were used. Behavioral and cognitive functions were investigated by means of weekly open field tests from postnatal week (PW) 3 to PW7, and by daily testing with the Morris water maze test at PW8. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed in the control, pFS, HIE, and HIE+pFS groups at PW9. Results The HIE priming group showed a seizure-prone state. The Morris water maze test revealed a decline in cognitive function in the HIE and HIE+pFS groups compared with the pFS and control groups. Additionally, the HIE and HIE+pFS groups showed significant hippocampal neuronal damage, astrogliosis, and volume loss, after maturation. The pFS alone induced minimal hippocampal neuronal damage without astrogliosis or volume loss. Conclusion Our findings suggest that pFS alone causes no considerable memory or behavioral impairment, or cellular change. In contrast, HIE results in lasting memory impairment and neuronal damage, gliosis, and tissue loss. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the developing brain concerning conditions caused by HIE or pFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sargiannidou I, Kim GH, Kyriakoudi S, Eun BL, Kleopa KA. A start codon CMT1X mutation associated with transient encephalomyelitis causes complete loss of Cx32. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:193-200. [PMID: 25771809 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) results from numerous mutations in the GJB1 gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin32 (Cx32) and is one of the commonest forms of inherited neuropathy. Owing to the expression of Cx32 not only in Schwann cells but also in oligodendrocytes, a subset of CMT1X patients develops central nervous system (CNS) clinical manifestations in addition to peripheral neuropathy. While most GJB1 mutations appear to cause peripheral neuropathy through loss of Cx32 function, the cellular mechanisms underlying the CNS manifestations remain controversial. A novel start codon GJB1 mutation (p.Met1Ile) has been found in a CMT1X patient presenting with recurrent episodes of transient encephalomyelitis without apparent signs of peripheral neuropathy. In order to clarify the functional consequences of this mutation, we examined the cellular expression of two different constructs cloned from genomic DNA including the mutated start codon. None of the cloned constructs resulted in detectable expression of Cx32 by immunocytochemistry or immunoblot, although mRNA was produced at normal levels. Furthermore, co-expression with the other major oligodendrocyte connexin, Cx47, had no negative effect on GJ formation by Cx47. Finally, lysosomal and proteasomal inhibition in cells expressing the start codon mutant constructs failed to recover any detection of Cx32 as a result of impaired protein degradation. Our results indicate that the Cx32 start codon mutation is equivalent to a complete loss of the protein with failure of translation, although transcription is not impaired. Thus, complete loss of Cx32 function is sufficient to produce CNS dysfunction with clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sargiannidou
- Neurology Clinics and Neuroscience Laboratory, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P. O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Kim GH, Byeon JH, Eun SH, Eun BL. Parents’ Subjective Assessment of Effects of Antiepileptic Drug Discontinuation. J Epilepsy Res 2015; 5:9-12. [PMID: 26157667 PMCID: PMC4494995 DOI: 10.14581/jer.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Many parents express worries about potential negative side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on cognition, behavior, mood, and academic achievement. We aimed to evaluate parents’ subjective feelings about cognitive or behavioral changes in their children and their quality of life after antiepileptic drug (AED) discontinuation. Methods: A modified questionnaire based on the Korean-Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy and the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist was answered by parents whose children were seizure-free over the course of 1 month after AED discontinuation. All children were seizure-free for at least 2 years before AED withdrawal. Results: Fifty-eight eligible patients (mean age, 14.1 ± 4.5 years) were examined. Except valproate in cognition (p = 0.03), parents did not feel significant change after discontinuation of different drugs. They felt improvement of behavior in generalized epilepsy (p = 0.04) and better quality of life in children less than 6 year of age at diagnosis of epilepsy (p = 0.02). Conclusions: We propose that factors such as earlier age at diagnosis of epilepsy or type of epilepsy might influence parents’ subjective feelings about their children’s well-being after drug discontinuation, rather than the drug itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Corresponding author: Baik-Lin Eun, Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea, Tel. +82-2-2626-1229, Fax. +82-2-2626-1224, E-mail;
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Yun WH, Ban SH, Kim GH, Kim JH, Kwon SI, Choi C. Assessment of apple core collections constructed using phenotypic and genotypic data. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:6453-64. [PMID: 26125850 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several types of information can be used to select core collections, including passport data, agronomic data, and molecular data. However, little is known about the ability of core collections to retain the genetic diversity and structure of the whole collection for characters that were not considered during the selection, particularly when molecular markers are used. In this study, two core subsets were established for the apple (Malus spp) germplasm bank curated at the Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Korea, based upon genetic diversity estimated with 14 simple sequence repeat markers, and phenotypic diversity based on 23 traits. Comparisons between these two subsets and with the whole collection were used to determine the effect of the data used in the selection on phenotypic and genetic diversity, and population structure. The two subsets had a similar diversity and did not differ from the original collection, according to the Nei and Shannon diversity indices. Allele and class frequencies were also maintained in the two subsets. Overall, the type of data used to construct the core collection had little influence on the phenotypic and genetic diversity retained. Therefore, in the case of apple collections, the use of molecular markers is preferable, because they allow rapid and reliable characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yun
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - S H Ban
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - S I Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - C Choi
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim S, Lee J, Park J, Kim HJ, Cho G, Kim GH, Eun SH, Lee JJ, Choi G, Suh E, Choi S, Kim S, Kim YD, Kim SK, Kim SY, Kim S, Eom S, Moon HB, Kim S, Choi K. Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in breast milk in Korea: estimating exposure to phthalates and potential risks among breast-fed infants. Sci Total Environ 2015; 508:13-19. [PMID: 25437948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption and developmental effects in many experimental and epidemiological studies. Developing infants are among the most susceptible populations to endocrine disruption. However, limited information is available on phthalate exposure and its associated risks among breast-fed newborn infants. In the present study, breast milk samples were collected from 62 lactating mothers at 1 month post-partum from four cities of Korea in 2012 and were evaluated for six phthalate metabolites (mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP)). MEP was detected in all breast milk samples, with a median concentration of 0.37 μg/L, and MiBP, MnBP and MEHP were detected in 79-89% of samples, with median concentrations of 1.10, 1.70, and 2.08 μg/L, respectively. However, MEHHP and MEOHP, the oxidized forms of di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were detected in only one sample. For exposure assessment, the levels of phthalate diesters were estimated based on the parent:metabolite ratios in the breast milk that are reported elsewhere. For risk assessment, the endocrine-related toxicity of the monoester was assumed to be the same as that of its diester form. Median daily intake estimates of phthalates, including both monoester and diester forms, through breast milk consumption ranged between 0.91 and 6.52 μg/kg body weight (bw) for DEHP and between 0.38 and 1.43 μg/kg bw for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). Based on the estimated daily intake, up to 8% of infants exceeded the reference dose of anti-androgenicity (RfD AA) for DEHP, and 6% of infants exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for DnBP. Breast milk MiBP and MnBP concentrations showed significant positive associations with maternal consumption of whipped cream or purified water. Considering vulnerability of young infants, efforts to mitigate phthalate exposure among lactating women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hanllym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- College of Medicine, Hanllym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hanllym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong Y, Lee S, Kim S, Choi SD, Park J, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim YD, Cho G, Suh E, Kim SK, Eun SH, Eom S, Kim S, Kim GH, Lee WC, Choi K, Kim S, Moon HB. Infant exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) via consumption of homemade baby food in Korea. Environ Res 2014; 134:396-401. [PMID: 25218705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the residue levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in baby food. In this study, 24 PBDE congeners were determined in 147 homemade baby food samples collected from 97 households for 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and from 24 to 27-month-old infant groups during the period of 2012-2013. The concentrations of total PBDEs (ΣPBDE) ranged from 24.5 to 6000 (mean: 263) pg/g fresh weight, higher than those found in commercial formulae from the United States. The predominant congeners were BDEs 209 and 47, accounting for 92% of the ΣPBDE concentrations, reflected by high deca-BDE consumption in Korea. The residue levels and detection rates of BDE 47 in the baby food samples showed a gradual increasing trend with an increase in infant ages, due to changes in the food ingredients from hypoallergenic to greasy. The daily intakes of BDEs 47 and 209 via baby food consumption ranged from 0.04 to 0.58, 0.80 to 20.3, and 1.06 to 22.3 ng/kg body weight/day for 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 24-27-month-old infant groups, respectively; these intakes were lower than the oral reference doses proposed by the US EPA. Together with three exposure sources, baby food, breast milk and dust ingestion for 6-month-old infants, the daily intake of ΣPBDE was 25.5 ng/kg body weight/day, which was similar to the intake via baby food consumption only for over 24-month-old infants in our study. This indicates that baby food is an important exposure pathway of PBDEs for over 24-month-old infants. This is the first study regarding the occurrence and exposure assessment of PBDEs via homemade baby food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Lee
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon CH, Park HJ, Lee JR, Kim HK, Jeon TY, Jo HJ, Kim DH, Kim GH, Park DY. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1993-2002. [PMID: 25211665 PMCID: PMC4229634 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In a previous study, we reported that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (serpinA1) is upregulated in Snail-overexpressing gastric cancer. Although serpinA1 has been studied in several types of cancer, little is known about its roles and mechanisms of action. In this study, we examined the role of serpinA1 in the migration and invasion of gastric cancers and determined its underlying mechanism. Methods: Expression levels were assessed by western blot analyses and real-time PCR. Snail binding to serpinA1 promoter was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The roles of serpinA1 were studied using cell invasion and migration assays. In addition, the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of serpinA1 expression were validated in 400 gastric cancer patients using immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Overexpression of Snail resulted in upregulation of serpinA1 in gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, whereas knockdown of Snail inhibited serpinA1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that overexpression of Snail increased Snail recruitment to the serpinA1 promoter. Overexpression of serpinA1 increased the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas knockdown of serpinA1 decreased invasion and migration. Moreover, serpinA1 increased mRNA levels and release of metalloproteinase-8 in gastric cancer cells. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 was observed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and the stroma by immunohistochemistry. Enhanced serpinA1 expression was significantly associated with increased tumour size, advanced T stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and shorter overall survival. Conclusions: Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 induces the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and its expression is associated with the progression of gastric cancer. These results may provide a potential target to prevent invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H J Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - J R Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - T Y Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H-J Jo
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - D Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
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Abstract
X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with X-linked transmission. Common clinical manifestations of CMTX1 disease, as in other forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, are distal muscle wasting and weakness, hyporeflexia, distal sensory disturbance, and foot deformities. Mutations in the connexin-32 gene (gap junction protein β1 [GJB1]) are responsible for CMTX1 disease. In this report, we describe a patient with CMTX1 disease presenting with recurrent attacks of transient and episodic acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like symptoms without previous signs of lower extremity weakness or foot deformities; the patient, as well as his asymptomatic mother, exhibited a novel GJB1 mutation (p.Met1Ile). Differential diagnosis of recurrent and transient ADEM-like illness, if unexplained, should include the possibility of CMTX1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Sang-Il Suh
- Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to evaluate the relationship of 25(OH)D3 levels with anticonvulsant use and other possible factors in epileptic children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 143 patients with epilepsy (90 boys, 53 girls; 11.21±4.49 years), who had been treated with anticonvulsants for more than 1 year. Patients who had taken multiple vitamins before the blood test and those who have the limitation of physical activity (wheelchair-bound) were excluded from the study. We evaluated the difference in vitamin D status according to the type and number of anticonvulsants taken and other factors such as gender, age, intelligence and seizure variables. RESULTS For patients with mental retardation or developmental delay, 25(OH)D3 levels were lower than the levels in patients with normal intelligence quotient levels (p=0.03). 25(OH)D3 levels were lower in patients who had taken anticonvulsants for more than 2 years as compared to those who had taken them for less than 2 years (p=0.03). Those taking oxcarbazepine had significantly lower vitamin D levels than patients taking valproic acid (p=0.01). However, no effects of number of anticonvulsants taken were detectable. More than two-thirds of the patients were diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis in patients showing either vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. CONCLUSION The possibility of vitamin D deficiency can be considered in pediatric patients taking anticonvulsants if they have mental retardation or developmental delay or if they have been taking anticonvulsants for more than 2 years or taking hepatic enzyme inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
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Kim HJ, Ye BS, Yoon CW, Noh Y, Kim GH, Cho H, Jeon S, Lee JM, Kim JH, Seong JK, Kim CH, Choe YS, Lee KH, Kim ST, Kim JS, Park SE, Kim JH, Chin J, Cho J, Kim C, Lee JH, Weiner MW, Na DL, Seo SW. Cortical thickness and hippocampal shape in pure vascular mild cognitive impairment and dementia of subcortical type. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21:744-51. [PMID: 24495089 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The progression pattern of brain structural changes in patients with isolated cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. To investigate the role of isolated CVD in cognitive impairment patients, patterns of cortical thinning and hippocampal atrophy in pure subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and pure subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) patients were characterized. METHODS Forty-five patients with svMCI and 46 patients with SVaD who were negative on Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography imaging and 75 individuals with normal cognition (NC) were recruited. RESULTS Compared with NC, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited frontal, language and retrieval type memory dysfunctions, which in patients with PiB(-) SVaD were further impaired and accompanied by visuospatial and recognition memory dysfunctions. Compared with NC, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited cortical thinning in the frontal, perisylvian, basal temporal and posterior cingulate regions. This atrophy was more prominent and extended further toward the lateral parietal and medial temporal regions in patients with PiB(-) SVaD. Compared with NC subjects, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited hippocampal shape deformities in the lateral body, whilst patients with PiB(-) SVaD exhibited additional deformities within the lateral head and inferior body. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with CVD in the absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology can be demented, showing cognitive impairment in multiple domains, which is consistent with the topography of cortical thinning and hippocampal shape deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Jeong Y, Lee S, Kim S, Choi SD, Park J, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim YD, Cho G, Suh E, Kim SK, Eun SH, Eom S, Kim S, Kim GH, Choi K, Kim S, Moon HB. Occurrence and exposure assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides from homemade baby food in Korea. Sci Total Environ 2014; 470-471:1370-1375. [PMID: 23954213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Data on the residue levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in baby food samples are scarce. This is the first study to explore current contamination status and exposure assessment of organochlorines (OCs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in baby food from Korea. In this study, the concentrations of OCs were determined in homemade baby food samples (n=100) collected from 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old infant groups. The average concentrations of PCBs, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlordanes (CHLs) in baby food samples were 37.5, 96.6, 26.0, and 13.2 pg/g fresh weight, respectively. The major compounds were CBs 28, 153, 52, and 33 for PCBs and p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and β-HCH for OCPs. The contribution of DDTs to the total OC concentrations increased from 30% (6-month-old infants) to 67% (15-month-old infants) with increasing infant age, while the concentrations of PCBs, HCHs and CHLs gradually decreased with increasing infant age, suggesting that highest priority for risk reduction of DDTs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OCs in Korean infants from baby food consumption were lower than the thresholds proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Health Canada, implying limited potential health risks. However, considering simultaneous exposure from baby food and breast milk consumption, chlordanes and heptachlor epoxide posed potential health risks. Considering the importance of early development and the vulnerability of infants, it is essential to perform systematic monitoring and management programs of OCs in baby food for risk reduction in Korean infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjoon Cho
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Suh
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyong Eom
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a technique used to analyze quantitative increase or decrease of chromosomes by competitive DNA hybridization of patients and controls. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and yield of array-CGH in comparison with conventional karyotyping in pediatric neurology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 87 patients from the pediatric neurology clinic with at least one of the following features: developmental delay, mental retardation, dysmorphic face, or epilepsy. DNA extracted from patients and controls was hybridized on the Roche NimbleGen 135K oligonucleotide array and compared with G-band karyotyping. The results were analyzed with findings reported in recent publications and internet databases. RESULTS Chromosome imbalances, including 9 cases detected also by G-band karyotyping, were found in 28 patients (32.2%), and at least 19 of them seemed to be causally related to the abnormal phenotypes. Regarding each clinical symptom, 26.2% of 42 developmental delay patients, 44.4% of 18 mental retardation patients, 42.9% of 28 dysmorphic face patients, and 34.6% of 26 epilepsy patients showed abnormal array results. CONCLUSION Although there were relatively small number of tests in patients with pediatric neurologic disease, this study demonstrated that array-CGH is a very useful tool for clinical diagnosis of unknown genome abnormalities performed in pediatric neurology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
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Kim HG, Kim EY, Yu YJ, Kim GH, Jeong JW, Byeon JH, Chung BH, Yang CW. Comparison of clinical outcomes in hepatitis B virus-positive kidney transplant recipients with or without pretransplantation antiviral therapy. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1374-8. [PMID: 23726576 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiviral agents have improved the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Preemptive therapy has been the main approach to forestall HBV reactivation. We sought to compare prophylactic and preemptive approaches. METHODS We divided the 69 HBV-positive KTRs into treatment and historical control groups, according to the time of starting pretransplantation antiviral therapy. The treatment group was further divided into prophylactic and preemptive therapy groups. RESULTS The treatment group showed a significant improvement in 10-year graft (82% vs 34%) and patient (91% vs 57%) survivals. Among the historical control group, the main causes of graft failure were patient deaths (68%), which were mostly caused by liver diseases. In contrast, there was no liver-related death in the treatment group. In addition, there was no difference in graft or patient survival between the prophylactic and preemptive groups, but the incidence of HBV reactivation was lower in the prophylactic group. Antiviral therapy was an independent factor for the improved patient survival (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Pretransplantation antiviral therapy is essential to improve clinical outcomes. Prophylactic may be better than preemptive antiviral therapy to decrease HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim GH, Seo WH, Je BK, Eun SH. Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated stroke in a 3-year-old girl. Korean J Pediatr 2013; 56:411-5. [PMID: 24223604 PMCID: PMC3819683 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.9.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases precede a significant proportion of acute ischemic strokes in children. Here, we report a case of acute ischemic stroke in a 3-year-old girl with a Mycoplasma pneumonia-associated respiratory tract infection. She developed an acquired prothrombotic state of protein S deficiency and had increased fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product levels and increased titer of antinuclear antibodies. However, these conditions were completely alleviated at the 1-month follow-up examination. Infection with M. pneumoniae may cause a transient prothrombotic state that can potentially cause a thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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I H, Kim GH, Park DY, Kim YD, Lee BE, Ryu DY, Kim DU, Song GA. Management of gastric epithelial neoplasia in patients requiring esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2013; 26:603-8. [PMID: 23237403 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is occasionally associated with malignancies located in other regions of the alimentary tract, as well as in the head, neck, and upper respiratory tract. The stomach is most commonly used for reconstruction of the alimentary tract after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. When synchronous tumors are located in the stomach, it is often unsuitable for use in esophageal reconstruction. In such cases, an invasive procedure involving anastomosis between the esophagus and the colon must be performed. However, this procedure is associated with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. Seven patients with synchronous esophageal cancer and gastric epithelial neoplasia were encountered. First, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed for the gastric epithelial neoplasia. Then, following successful ESD, Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer was planned 1 to 2 weeks later. A total of 11 gastric epithelial lesions were found in seven patients. En bloc resection by ESD was possible in all 11 lesions and histologically complete resection was achieved in all 11 lesions. Follow-up endoscopy was done 1-2 weeks after ESD; six patients with well-healing ulcers underwent esophagectomy the next day (8 or 15 days after ESD). In one patient with a poorly healed ulcer, a second follow-up endoscopy was done 1 week later and then esophagectomy was performed the next day (22 days after ESD). Post-surgical complications related to ESD, such as bleeding or mediastinal leak, were not seen in any of the seven patients. In patients with synchronous esophageal cancer and gastric epithelial neoplasia, ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasia followed by Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy 1 to 2 weeks later is an effective choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I
- Department of Chest Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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