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Dong SW, Stead W. Impact of the Febrile Podcast and Learning Resource as an Infectious Diseases Education Platform. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae124. [PMID: 38560610 PMCID: PMC10977626 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile is an infectious diseases (ID) podcast and learning platform with the aim of providing high-quality and accessible ID content for learners. We describe the use of Febrile as a resource for learning and teaching ID as well as learner satisfaction and perceived impact on clinical practice. Methods The Febrile platform was launched in December 2020 and includes audio podcast episodes, infographics, and detailed online summaries of adult and pediatric ID topics. Production and contributor information is summarized. Podcast, website, and social media engagement is reported from available quantitative analytics. An online anonymous survey was conducted to assess educational impact. Results After 3 years of operation, Febrile has produced 90 episodes and has been downloaded >460 000 times in 196 countries, with the majority of its audience (58.9%) listening from within the United States. A total of 230 participants from 30 countries and 38 US states completed the survey, of whom 79 (34.5%) were ID fellows in training and 78 (34.2%) were ID faculty physicians. Seventy-two percent of survey respondents reported visiting the website, and 82% had seen an infographic. Enhancing core ID knowledge was the primary driver for listening. Two-thirds of respondents indicated that information learned from Febrile has changed their practice, and 50% have used Febrile as a way to teach others. Febrile also led to favorable impressions of ID for those considering ID as a career. Conclusions Febrile is an engaging platform for ID medical education and provides a unique resource within the global ID community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara W Dong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy Stead
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bai L, Di W, Xu Z, Liu B, Lin N, Fan S, Ren H, Lu Q, Wang J, Guan H. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with claustrum lesion: an underdiagnosed inflammatory encephalopathy. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07363-5. [PMID: 38342839 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with claustrum lesions (FIRES-C). METHOD Clinical data of FIRES-C patients were collected retrospectively. The study reviewed and analyzed their clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and prognosis. RESULT Twenty patients were enrolled, including 13 females and 7 males, with a median onset age of 20.5 years. All patients developed seizures after fever, with a median interval of 5 days. Brain MRI showed symmetric lesions in the claustrum in all patients. The median interval from seizure onset to abnormal MRI signals detection was 12.5 days. All patients had negative results for comprehensive tests of neurotropic viruses and antineuronal autoantibodies. Seventy percent of cases had been previously empirically diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis or viral encephalitis before. All patients received anti-seizure medicine. Eleven patients (55%) received antiviral therapy. All patients received immunotherapy, including glucocorticoids (100%), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (65%), plasma exchange (PLEX) (10%), tocilizumab (10%), rituximab (5%), and cyclophosphamide (5%). Sixty percent of patients received long-term immunotherapy (≥ 3 months). The median follow-up was 11.5 months;60% of patients were diagnosed with refractory epilepsy. CONCLUSION Bilateral claustrum lesion on MRI is a distinctive neuroimage feature for FIRES, which may serve as an indication for the initial clinical assessments. FIRES-C should be classified as a type of inflammatory encephalopathy characterized by a monophasic nature. Some FIRES-C patients respond to immunotherapy and antiseizure treatments but most experience refractory epilepsy as a long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiying Di
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Hasegawa M, Osugi Y, Moriwaki Y, Doi Y. Retrospective analysis of urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities in Japan: Insights from physical examination-based diagnosis. Fujita Med J 2024; 10:24-29. [PMID: 38332777 PMCID: PMC10847634 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2023-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are highly prevalent among long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, and are thus important targets for antimicrobial stewardship. Diagnoses of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are associated with antimicrobial use in these facilities, are not always made by physicians. Past epidemiologic studies have included asymptomatic bacteriuria together with UTIs. The National Healthcare Safety Network has initiated a surveillance program to identify the causative organisms of UTIs in LTCF residents. In Japan, medical care for these residents is provided through in-person physician visits; however, limited related data are available. Therefore, we investigated the organisms causing UTIs and their drug susceptibility among LTCF residents in central Japan, and examined the prevalence of multidrug resistance, its risk factors, and correlations with clinical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively evaluated clinical and urine culture data of LTCF residents with physician-diagnosed UTIs between April 1, 2019, and April 30, 2022. Results The detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms was high, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent. Ceftriaxone was frequently used for initial therapy. The initial antimicrobial agents were significantly less active against MDR pathogens than non-MDR pathogens. Most residents continued to receive the initial agents regardless of culture results. Nonetheless, differences in the therapy duration, relapse and hospitalization rates, and death rate within 28 days between the multidrug-resistant and non-multidrug-resistant groups were not significant. Conclusions Antimicrobial stewardship is essential for reducing antimicrobial use and selective pressure in LTCFs in Japan; however, more specific data are needed for its effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hasegawa
- Department of General Medicine, Toyota Regional Medical Center, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Osugi
- Department of General Medicine, Toyota Regional Medical Center, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Moriwaki
- Department of General Medicine, Toyota Regional Medical Center, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Tsai WC, Liu CF, Ma YS, Chen CJ, Lin HJ, Hsu CC, Chow JC, Chien YW, Huang CC. Real-time artificial intelligence system for bacteremia prediction in adult febrile emergency department patients. Int J Med Inform 2023; 178:105176. [PMID: 37562317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential to be a valuable tool in healthcare. However, its application for predicting bacteremia among adult febrile patients in the emergency department (ED) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study to provide clarity on this issue. METHODS Adult febrile ED patients with blood cultures at Chi Mei Medical Center were divided into derivation (January 2017 to June 2019) and validation groups (July 2019 to December 2020). The derivation group was utilized to develop AI models using twenty-one feature variables and five algorithms to predict bacteremia. The performance of these models was compared with qSOFA score. The AI model with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was chosen to implement the AI prediction system and tested on the validation group. RESULTS The study included 5,647 febrile patients. In the derivation group, there were 3,369 patients with a mean age of 61.4 years, and 50.7% were female, including 508 (13.8%) with bacteremia. The model with the best AUC was built using the random forest algorithm (0.761), followed by logistic regression (0.755). All five models demonstrated better AUC than the qSOFA score (0.560). The random forest model was adopted to build a real-time AI prediction system integrated into the hospital information system, and the AUC achieved 0.709 in the validation group. CONCLUSION The AI model shows promise to predict bacteremia in adult febrile ED patients; however, further external validation in different hospitals and populations is necessary to verify its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chen
- Department of Information Systems, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Julie Chi Chow
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Nakisuyi J, Bernis M, Ndamira A, Kayini V, Mulumba R, Theophilus P, Agwu E, Lule H. Prevalence and factors associated with malaria, typhoid, and co-infection among febrile children aged six months to twelve years at kampala international university teaching hospital in western Uganda. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19588. [PMID: 37809597 PMCID: PMC10558847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric febrile illnesses pose diagnostic challenges in low-income countries. Western Uganda is endemic for both malaria and typhoid but the true prevalence of each individual disease, their co-infections and associated factors are poorly quantified. Objective To determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid, their co-infection, and associated factors amongst febrile children attending the paediatrics and child health department of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH) in Western Uganda. Methods Cross-sectional study used a survey questionnaire covering demographics, clinical and behavioural variables. We obtained blood for peripheral films for malaria and cultures for typhoid respectively; from 108 consecutively consented participants. Ethical approval was obtained from KIU-TH research and ethics committee (No. UG-REC-023/201,834). Multivariate regression analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 (StataCorp. 2015) at 95% confidence interval, regarding p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results Majority of participants were males 62% (n = 67), cared for by their mothers 86.1% (n = 93). The prevalence of malaria was 25% (n = 27). The prevalence of typhoid was 3.7% (n = 4), whereas the prevalence of malaria-typhoid co-infection was 2.8% (n = 3). Using treated water from protected public taps was associated with low malaria-typhoid co-infection [p = 0.04; aOR = 0.05, 95%CI [0.003-0.87], whereas drinking unboiled water from open wells increased the risk for the co-infection [p = 0.037, cOR = 17, 95%CI (1.19-243.25)]. Conclusions The prevalence of blood culture confirmed malaria-typhoid co-infection in children was lower than previously reported in serological studies. These findings emphasize the need to use gold standard diagnostic investigations in epidemiological studies. Educational campaigns should focus on the use of safe water, hygienic hand washing, and proper waste disposal; and should target mothers who mainly take care of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanitor Nakisuyi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.o. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Melvis Bernis
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.o. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Andrew Ndamira
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.o. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Vicent Kayini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.o. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Richard Mulumba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.o. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Pius Theophilus
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ezera Agwu
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kabale University, Uganda
| | - Herman Lule
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Darko BA, Owusu-Asenso CM, Addo-Osafo K, Appiah-Lawson E, Afrane YA, Tette EMA. Malaria, gastrointestinal parasite infection and nutritional status among febrile children In Accra, Ghana. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2891006. [PMID: 37214835 PMCID: PMC10197738 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2891006/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Malaria and intestinal parasite infection are common in developing countries. These Parasites causes anaemia and malnutrition mostly in children. For this reason, it is important to study these infections and their effects in order to monitor interventions to control them. This study aims to determine prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasite infections and their association with nutritional status among febrile children in Accra, Ghana. Methods The study was conducted among febrile children aged 6 months to 5 years attending three health facilities in Accra from May to October, 2022. A total of 315 children were selected for the study. Anthropometric measurement was done for each participant. Blood and stool samples were collected for investigation. Thick and thin blood smears stained with 10% Giemsa were prepared and examined for Plasmodium parasite using microscopy. Stool samples were processed using direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration method and examined for intestinal parasites using microscopy. Haemoglobin concentration was measured using automatic haematology analyzer. Results A total of 24% (76/315) were positive for malaria. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 77.6% (59/76) of parasitaemia, whereas Plasmodium malariae was 22.4% (17/76). Prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 10.7% (34/315). Giardia lamblia accounted for 17/315 (5.3%) of the entire children, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides 8/315 (2.5%), Hookworm 6/315 (1.9%) and Trichuris trichiura 3/315 (0.9%). A total of 15/315 (5%) of the participants had co-infection of malaria and intestinal parasite infection. Prevalence of anaemia, malnutrition, stunting, wasting and underweight were (72%), (30.7%), (16.2%), (24.4%) and (57.1%) respectively. Malaria was significantly associated with anaemia (p = 0.000) and underweight (p = 0.013). Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly associated with wasting (p = 0.010). Giardia lamblia was significantly association with malnutrition (p = 0.000) and Stunting (p = 0.000), whereas Hookworm was found to be significantly associated with anaemia (p = 0.021). Conclusion Prevalence of IPI in this study was less than previously reported, most likely due to regular deworming of most of the children. However, Malaria and intestinal parasitic infection were significantly associated with anaemia and malnutrition including wasting, stunting, and underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School
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Cock IE, Luwaca N, Van Vuuren SF. The traditional use of Southern African medicinal plants to alleviate fever and their antipyretic activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:115850. [PMID: 36306931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Multiple plant species are used traditionally in southern Africa to treat fever. This review summarises the traditional use, highlights promising plant species and focuses on validation studies to highlight future areas of research. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to critically review the use of southern African plants to alleviate fever. Additionally, an examination of research into those plants was undertaken to highlight gaps in the literature with the aim of stimulating further research in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary research studies were searched to identify plant species traditionally used to treat fever in southern Africa and to summarise the current knowledge and identify areas requiring further research. This study was non-biased and did not have any taxonomic preferences, nor did it favour any southern African healing systems over the others. RESULTS The traditional therapeutic uses of 203 southern African plant species to alleviate fever were recorded. Leaves and roots/bulbs/rhizomes were the most commonly used plant part, and they were most commonly prepared as decoctions or infusions and consumed orally. Notably, only twenty-two species (∼11% of the identified species) have been scientifically evaluated for antipyretic properties, with substantially fewer mechanistic studies evident. CONCLUSIONS Despite the availability of ethnobotanical records, the antipyretic properties of southern African medicinal plants are poorly reported. Indeed, the efficacy of most plants is yet to be verified and very few mechanistic studies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Cock
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - N Luwaca
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - S F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Ma L, Shen J, Jiang H, Qian S, Zhang J, Lan J, Zhou H, Lang W, Mei C, Zhou X, Zhu L, Xu G, Ye L, Hu C, Ren Y, Yang X, Jin J, Ye X, Tong H. Empirical polymyxin B therapy in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases: A prospective, multicenter, observational clinical study. J Infect 2023; 86:406-409. [PMID: 36702310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shenxian Qian
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Shaoyifu Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Lan
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Lang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gaixiang Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiudi Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 58# Chengzhan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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BIDABADI E, AHMADI ALIABADI L, KHOSOUSI MJ, MASHOUF P, SHAHRAKI T, TOHIDI S, HASANDOKHT T. Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase in Children with Febrile Convulsions. Iran J Child Neurol 2023; 17:73-80. [PMID: 36721827 PMCID: PMC9881834 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.38323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Tissue damage caused by febrile convulsion has not still been proved or refuted completely. Given the fact that lactate dehydrogenase as an intracellular enzyme can be increased due to tissue damage, we decided to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in children with febrile convulsion. Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study on 166 children aged 6-24 month, in three groups of simple febrile convulsion (n=56), complex febrile convulsion (n=27) with 3 different subgroups (recurrence in 24 hours, duration >15 minutes, and with focal components), and control (n=83). Patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected after meeting the inclusion criteria. Demographic information was documented and patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase and glucose were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Result The mean serum lactate dehydrogenase in simple febrile convulsion, complex febrile convulsion, and controls were 501.57± 143.70, 553.07±160.22, and 505.87±98.73 U/L, respectively. The mean cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in simple, complex febrile convulsion, and control groups were 22.58±11.92, 29.48±18.18, and 21.56±17.32 U/L, respectively. Only cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase difference between complex febrile convulsion and control group (p=0.039) (In the duration >15 minutes subgroup and controls, p=0.028) was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between sex and serum lactate dehydrogenase in thesame subgroup of complex group (p=0.012). Conclusion Complex febrile convulsion may lead to increase of lactate dehydrogenase in cns of CNS cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham BIDABADI
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leila AHMADI ALIABADI
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad KHOSOUSI
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parham MASHOUF
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tamkin SHAHRAKI
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sepehr TOHIDI
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tolou HASANDOKHT
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Mohamed ZA, Tang C, Thokerunga E, Jimale AO, Fan J. Serum hypomagnesemia is associated with febrile seizures in young children. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:551-558. [PMID: 36660075 PMCID: PMC9826744 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) frequently manifest in children below 5 years of age. Although the exact etiology is still unknown, genetic predisposition, changes in neurotransmitter levels, and serum electrolyte imbalance are some of the known risk factors. This study examined the possible association between serum magnesium levels in children with FS compared to febrile children without seizures. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2021, recruiting 230 age and gender-matched cases and controls (115 each). Extracted data were analyzed using SPSS using an independent student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results The mean serum magnesium levels were 0.93 ± 0.129 vs 0.97 ± 0.0961; p < 0.001, between cases and controls respectively. Similarly, hypomagnesemia (<0.85 mmol/L) was detected in 26.1% and 8.7% of the cases and controls, respectively; p < 0.001. A significant negative correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and the occurrence of febrile seizures; r = [-0.169], p < 0.05. Conclusion Serum magnesium was significantly low in febrile children with seizures compared to those without, and hypomagnesemia was associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures. These results portray hypomagnesemia as a possible risk factor for febrile seizure, and so should be validated in future large cohort studies so that guidelines are set for proper management of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chunjiao Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Erick Thokerunga
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ali Omar Jimale
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,* Correspondence:
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Yousif M, Hong H, Malfeld S, Smit S, Makhathini L, Motsamai T, Tselana D, Manamela M, Kamupira M, Maseti E, Ranchod H, Otwombe K, McCarthy K, Suchard M. Measles incidence in South Africa: a six-year review, 2015-2020. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1647. [PMID: 36042453 PMCID: PMC9427172 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012 the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed to eliminate measles in five regions by 2020. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed measles surveillance data in South Africa for the period 2015—2020 to document the epidemiology of measles and the progress made towards meeting the 2020 measles elimination goal. A total of 22,578 specimens were tested over the period 2015—2020 yielding 401 (1.8%) confirmed measles cases, 321 (1.4%) compatible and 21,856 (96.8%) discarded cases. The most affected age group was 0–4 year olds. At the provincial level, South Africa achieved adequate surveillance, defined as more than two cases of febrile rash notified annually per 100 000 popoulation, except for KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo in 2020, probably due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Of confirmed cases, only 26% were vaccinated, 3% were too young to receive vaccines, 5% were not vaccinated, and 65% had unknown vaccination status. Measles vaccine effectiveness amongst 1–4 year olds was 80%. Using the standard case definition, South Africa achieved the measles elimination target of less than one case per one million nationally in years 2015, 2016 and 2020. The years 2017 to 2019 had incidence rates exceeding one per million nationally. Using a narrow case definition, that excluded positive rubella cases, improved the indicators with only the year 2017 having an incidence rate of more than one per million. South Africa displays intermittent measles outbreaks approximately six-yearly interspersed by inter-epidemic periods in which the country meets measles elimination targets. Intense effort is needed to increase the vaccine coverage to avoid periodic outbreaks. Enhanced molecular testing of each case will be required as measles incidence declines regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhlid Yousif
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Heather Hong
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Malfeld
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sheilagh Smit
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lillian Makhathini
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tshepo Motsamai
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dipolelo Tselana
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Morubula Manamela
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mercy Kamupira
- World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa.,UNICEF, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Maseti
- Child, Youth and School Health, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Otwombe
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kerrigan McCarthy
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Suchard
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Zhang Y, Li L, Yan Y, Qi H, Qin J, Ren L, Zhang R. A risk score for early predicting bloodstream infections in febrile obstetric patients: a pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 306:85-92. [PMID: 34604915 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early prediction of bloodstream infections (BSI) among obstetric patients remains to be a challenge for clinicians. The objective of this study was to develop a risk score and assess its discriminative ability in febrile obstetric patients in a maternal intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS Between May 2015 and August 2020, a total of 497 febrile obstetric patients were categorized into BSI group (n = 276) and Non-BSI group (n = 221) based on the result of blood cultures. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), time of interval from amniorrhea to fever (IFAF) and maximum body temperature (Tmax) were compared between the two groups. All patients were divided into training set (n = 298) and validation set (n = 199). The risk score was established using univariate and multivariate logistic regression from patients in the training set, and its discriminative ability was tested among patients in the validation set. RESULTS The levels of neutrophil, CRP, PCT, IFAF and Tmax were significantly higher in BSI group than those in Non-BSI group. PROM, Tmax, neutrophil and CRP acted as independent predictive factors for BSI in the training set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of risk score for early prediction of BSI in the training, validation set and the whole population was 0.829 (95% CI 0.783-0.876), 0.848 (95% CI 0.792-0.903) and 0.838 (95% CI 0.803-0.873), respectively. CONCLUSION The risk score has a feasible discriminatory ability in early prediction of BSI in febrile obstetric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 400013, China.
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Yunsheng Yan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Haifeng Qi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Jiali Qin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoxuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Mehari S, Zerfu B, Desta K. Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:942. [PMID: 34507538 PMCID: PMC8434724 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease that has been affecting animals and humans for decades. Malaria has been considered major cause of illness in tropical areas, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Methods A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients who attended health institutes in Awra and Gulina district of Afar region from February to May 2019. 3–5 ml blood samples were collected, thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined for malaria; serum was separated and tested for anti-Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the seropositives were subjected to ELISA. Data were entered using EpiData3.1 and analyses were performed using Stata SE 14. Results A total of 444 febrile individuals (59.5% female) of age ranging from 2 to 83 years (mean = 26.1, SD = ± 11.8) were participated in this study. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31.5% (95% CI; 27.4–36.0%) by RBPT and 15.8% (95% CI; 12.7–19.7%) by ELISA, as well as the prevalence of malaria (P. falciparum) was 4.3% (95% CI; 2.7–6.6%) among febrile patients. Malaria was more common in males (7.2% 95% CI; 4.2–12.1%) than in female (2.3% 95% CI; 1.0–5.0%, p = 0.01) and in non-married than in married (7.6% 95% CI; 4.1–13.6% vs. 2.9% 95% CI; 1.5–5.4%, p = 0.02). Being male (AOR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.36–4.26, p < 0.002), drinking raw milk (AOR = 26.68, 95%CI: 3.22- 221.13, p = 0.002) and boiled milk (AOR = 17.52, 95%CI: 2.06—149.04, p = 0.009) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protective (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.01–6.528.50, p = 0.048) were independently associated with brucellosis among febrile patients. Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis in fever patients in this study area is higher than malaria. Consumption of raw milk and contact with animal discharge can cause significant risk of Brucella infection. So, brucellosis disease must be sought in the differential diagnosis, like ELISA test that can be used to differentiate from other febrile diseases like malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biruk Zerfu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Green R, Webb D, Jeena PM, Wells M, Butt N, Hangoma JM, Moodley R(S, Maimin J, Wibbelink M, Mustafa F. Management of acute fever in children: Consensus recommendations for community and primary healthcare providers in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Emerg Med 2021; 11:283-296. [PMID: 33912381 PMCID: PMC8063696 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever is one of the most common reasons for unwell children presenting to pharmacists and primary healthcare practitioners. Currently there are no guidelines for assessment and management of fever specifically for community and primary healthcare workers in the sub-Saharan Africa region. This multidisciplinary consensus guide was developed to assist pharmacists and primary healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa to risk stratify and manage children who present with fever, decide when to refer, and how to advise parents and caregivers. Fever is defined as body temperature ≥ 37.5 °C and is a normal physiological response to illness that facilitates and accelerates recovery. Although it is often associated with self-limiting illness, it causes significant concern to both parents and attending healthcare workers. Clinical signs may be used by pharmacy staff and primary healthcare workers to determine level of distress and to distinguish between a child with fever who is at high risk of serious illness and who requires specific treatment, hospitalisation or specialist care, and those at low risk who could be managed conservatively at home. In children with warning signs, serious causes of fever that may need to be excluded include infections (including malaria), non-infective inflammatory conditions and malignancy. Simple febrile convulsions are not in themselves harmful, and are not necessarily indicative of serious infection. In the absence of illness requiring specific treatment, relief from distress is the primary indication for prescribing pharmacotherapy, and antipyretics should not be administered with the sole intention of reducing body temperature. Care must be taken not to overdose medications and clear instructions should be given to parents/caregivers on managing the child at home and when to seek further medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Green
- Department Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David Webb
- Houghton House Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prakash Mohan Jeena
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mike Wells
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Jackie Maimin
- South African Pharmacy Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Fatima Mustafa
- Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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Opoku MM, Bonful HA, Koram KA. Antibiotic prescription for febrile outpatients: a health facility-based secondary data analysis for the Greater Accra region of Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:978. [PMID: 33109158 PMCID: PMC7590657 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Misguided prescription of antibiotics is an important contributor towards the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The absence of effective interventions to control antibiotic use leads to increased consumption beyond the needed requirements. Antibiotic stewardship interventions must be appropriately targeted and assessed to enhance the controlled use of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with antibiotic prescription to febrile outpatients who seek care in health facilities within the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Methods Secondary data obtained from the medical records of 2519 febrile outpatients, consecutively sampled at the outpatient department of 6 health facilities in 3 municipalities during the baseline survey of a quasi-experiment in 2015 was used. The primary outcome was prescription of any antibiotic. Independent variables included patients’ demographics, symptoms, laboratory investigations (blood film microscopy, malaria rapid diagnostic test, full blood count, urine and stool routine examinations), diagnoses, and prescribers’ demographics. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with antibiotic prescription. Results The prevalence of antibiotic prescription was 70.1% (95% CI: 67.7–72.4). Prescribers with more years of practice (> 5 years) were more likely to prescribe antibiotics compared to those with less than 3 years of practice (p < 0.001). Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) training was associated with a 2.3 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.53, p < 0.001) fold odds of antibiotic prescribing. Patients aged 5 years or more were 60% less likely to receive antibiotics compared with those under 5 years (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.51; p < 0.001). Patients referred for laboratory investigations were 29% less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those not referred. The presence of cough as a presenting symptom was associated with a 3.5 (95% CI: 2.54, 4.92) fold odds of antibiotic prescription. Conclusion Prescription of antibiotics to febrile outpatients was high. Promoting laboratory testing can potentially reduce irrational antibiotic prescription. Prescribing antibiotics for children under five and the prescribing practices of prescribers with longer years of practice should be targeted with interventions to reduce high use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mireku Opoku
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Harriet Affran Bonful
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Kwadwo Ansah Koram
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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16
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Garg S, Dewangan M, Barman O. Malaria prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women in a high malaria-burden state in India. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:71. [PMID: 32831578 PMCID: PMC7436977 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria in pregnancy (‘MiP’) poses risks to mother, foetus and newborn. Studies from Africa and Asia have reported high prevalence of ‘MiP’ and recommended further research to address ‘MiP’. India has a significant burden of ‘MiP’ but most of the studies are a decade old. Hardly any studies exist in India that report on asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women. The current Indian policies for malaria control are silent on ‘MiP’. A campaign was carried out by community health workers (CHWs) in 2019 to screen pregnant women across rural Chhattisgarh. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Malaria was tested in pregnant women by CHWs using bivalent rapid tests. Multi-stage sampling was used to cover 21,572 pregnant women screened across different geographical areas of rural Chhattisgarh. Cross-tabulation and multivariate regression were used to find out the relationship of ‘MiP’ with different symptoms and geographical areas. GIS maps were used to compare malaria in pregnant women against overall febrile population. Results In rural Chhattisgarh, malaria was present in 0.81% of the pregnant women at the time of testing. ‘MiP’ prevalence varied across geographies, reaching 4.48% in the geographical division with highest burden. Febrile pregnant women had three times greater malaria-positivity than overall febrile population and both showed a similar geographical pattern. Discussion Prevalence of ‘MiP’ was found to be less than earlier studies in the state. Though overall malaria in India has shown some decline, a policy response is needed for ‘MiP’ in high-burden areas. Fever, diarrhoea and jaundice remain relevant symptoms in ‘MiP’, but around one fourth of malaria-positive pregnant-women were afebrile, suggesting the need for strategies to address it. Conclusion The current study based on a large sample provides fresh evidence on ‘MiP’ in India. It used CHWs as skilled providers for large-scale screening for malaria. In high-burden areas, intermittent screening and treatment (IST) of all pregnant women can be a useful strategy in order to address ‘MiP’. Pregnant women can be considered as a pertinent sentinel population for malaria. The global and national policies need to evolve concrete strategies for addressing malaria in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Garg
- State Health Resource Centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
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17
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Durankuş F, Şenkal E, Sünnetçi E, Albayrak Y, Beyazyüz M, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Beneficial Effects of Ibuprofen on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Convulsion. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2409-16. [PMID: 32719978 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic. Although some studies have focused on the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties of ibuprofen during febrile convulsions, only one has investigated its antiepileptic effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ibuprofen in rats exposed to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. In total, 48 rats were randomly divided in two groups: Group A for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and Group B for behavioral assessment. All EEG recordings and behavioral assessment protocols were performed. In addition, groups were compared in terms of prostaglandin F2 alfa (PGF2α) levels in the brain. We demonstrated the beneficial effects of the administration of ibuprofen in PTZ-induced seizures in rats via the following findings: spike percentages and Racine convulsion scale values were significantly lower and first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) onset times were significantly higher in the ibuprofen-administered groups. Moreover, PGF2α levels in the brain were significantly higher in the saline and PTZ 70 mg/kg group than in the control and PTZ 70 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ibuprofen groups. Our study is the first to demonstrate the beneficial effects of ibuprofen on seizures through behavioral, EEG, and PGF2α brain assessments. Ibuprofen can be used for epilepsy and febrile seizures safely and without inducing seizures. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Li Y, Jiao N, Zhu L, Cheng S, Zhu R, Lan P. Non- febrile COVID-19 patients were common and often became critically ill: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Crit Care 2020; 24:314. [PMID: 32513232 PMCID: PMC7278245 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Na Jiao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Sijing Cheng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Putuo People’s Hospital, Department of Bioinformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ping Lan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
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M AS, H A, Nm J, T Y, Um S, Ko I, Mo U, J MA. PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL FORMS OF MALARIA AMONG FEBRILE HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN SEEN AT USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, SOKOTO, NIGERIA. Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 14:24-32. [PMID: 32064453 PMCID: PMC7011160 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v14i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria and HIV infections are major health problems facing the world today. Sub-Saharan Africa with 10 percent of world's population harbors more than half the burden of the scourge. The present study determined the prevalence and clinical forms of malaria among febrile HIV-infected children aged 3months to 15years, seen in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study among febrile HIV-infected children and their control cohort were carried out between May and October 2016. The participants had the following investigations: malarial parasite, packed cell volume, random blood sugar, retroviral test. RESULTS A total of 140 febrile HIV-infected children aged 3 months to 15 years and 140 febrile HIV-negative age- and gender-matched children were recruited; 100 of the HIV-infected children were on ART and cotrimoxazole. The prevalence of malaria among the febrile HIV-infected children was 71.4% (100/140) which was significantly lower than the prevalence of 94.3% (132/140) among the control group (χ2 27.72, p=0.001). Among the febrile HIV-infected children that had malaria, 54(54.0%) had uncomplicated malaria while 46(46.0%) had severe malaria. Of the 132 controls that had malaria, 48(36.4%) had uncomplicated malaria and 84(63.6%) had severe malaria (χ2 =7.184, p=0.007). CONCLUSION Malaria is a problem in HIV-infected children. Since nearly half of the febrile HIV-infected children had severe form of malaria, it is recommended that health promotion, intermittent malaria prophylaxis, early diagnosis and prompt effective treatment should be instituted for HIV-infected children. This may prevent severe form of malaria and its attendant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amodu-Sanni M
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed H
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jiya Nm
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf T
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sani Um
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Isezuo Ko
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ugege Mo
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mikailu A J
- Department of Paediatrics. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Lee CC, Lee CH, Yang CY, Hsieh CC, Tang HJ, Ko WC. Beneficial effects of early empirical administration of appropriate antimicrobials on survival and defervescence in adults with community-onset bacteremia. Crit Care 2019; 23:363. [PMID: 31747950 PMCID: PMC6864953 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, both of which contribute substantially to healthcare costs. The effects of early administration of appropriate antimicrobials on the prognosis and timing of defervescence of bacteremic patients remain under debate. Methods In a 6-year retrospective, multicenter cohort, adults with community-onset bacteremia at the emergency departments (EDs) were analyzed. The period from ED arrival to appropriate antimicrobial administration and that from appropriate antimicrobial administration to defervescence was regarded as the time-to-appropriate antibiotic (TtAa) and time-to-defervescence (TtD), respectively. The primary study outcome was 30-day mortality after ED arrival. The effects of TtAa on 30-day mortality and delayed defervescence were examined after adjustment for independent predictors of mortality, which were recognized by a multivariate regression analysis. Results Of the total 3194 patients, a TtAa-related trend in the 30-day crude (γ = 0.919, P = 0.01) and sepsis-related (γ = 0.909, P = 0.01) mortality rate was evidenced. Each hour of TtAa delay was associated with an average increase in the 30-day crude mortality rate of 0.3% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.003; P < 0.001) in the entire cohort and 0.4% (AOR, 1.004; P < 0.001) in critically ill patients, respectively, after adjustment of independent predictors of 30-day crude mortality. Of 2469 febrile patients, a TtAa-related trend in the TtD (γ = 0.965, P = 0.002) was exhibited. Each hour of TtAa delay was associated with an average 0.7% increase (AOR, 1.007; P < 0.001) in delayed defervescence (TtD of ≥ 7 days) after adjustment of independent determinants of delayed defervescence. Notably, the adverse impact of the inappropriateness of empirical antimicrobial therapy (TtAa > 24 h) on the TtD was noted, regardless of bacteremia severity, bacteremia sources, or causative microorganisms. Conclusions The delay in the TtAa was associated with an increasing risk of delayed defervescence and 30-day mortality for adults with community-onset bacteremia, especially for critically ill patients. Thus, for severe bacteremia episodes, early administration of appropriate empirical antimicrobials should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Madou Sin-Lau Hospital, No. 20, Lingzilin, 72152, Madou Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, 70403, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsun Lee
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, 70403, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Yang
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, 70403, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Chung-Hwa Road, Yung-Kang City, 710, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, 70403, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Bonful HA, Awua AK, Adjuik M, Tsekpetse D, Adanu RMK, Nortey PA, Ankomah A, Koram KA. Extent of inappropriate prescription of artemisinin and anti-malarial injections to febrile outpatients, a cross-sectional analytic survey in the Greater Accra region, Ghana. Malar J 2019; 18:331. [PMID: 31558149 PMCID: PMC6764136 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile children seen in malaria hypo-endemic settings, such as the Greater Accra region (GAR) of Ghana are more likely to be suffering from a non-malarial febrile illness compared to those seen in hyper-endemic settings. The need for prescribers to rely on malaria test results to guide treatment practices in the GAR is even greater. This study was designed to investigate the factors associated with inappropriate artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) prescription. Methods A survey was conducted in six health facilities in the region in 2015. Treatment practices for febrile outpatient department (OPD) patients were obtained from their records. Prescribers were interviewed and availability of malaria commodities were assessed. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients prescribed ACT inappropriately. Independent variables included patient age and access to care, prescriber factors (professional category, work experience, access to guidelines, exposure to training). Data were analysed using Stata at 95% CI (α-value of 0.05). Frequencies and means were used to describe the characteristics of patients and prescribers. To identify the predictors of inappropriate ACT prescription, regression analyses were performed accounting for clustering. Results Overall, 2519 febrile OPD records were analysed; 45.6% (n = 1149) were younger than 5 years. Only 40.0% of patients were tested. The proportion of patients who were prescribed ACT inappropriately was 76.4% (n = 791 of 1036). Of these 791 patients, 141 (17.8%) were prescribed anti-malarial injections. Patients seen in facilities with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) in stock were less likely to be prescribed ACT inappropriately, (AOR: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.14, p < 0.001) compared to those seen in facilities with RDT stock-outs. Prescribers who had been trained on malaria case management within the past year were 4 times more likely to prescribe ACT inappropriately compared to those who had not been trained (AOR: 4.1; 95% CI (1.5–11.6); p < 0.01). Patients seen by prescribers who had been supervised were 8 times more likely to be prescribed ACT inappropriately. Conclusion Inappropriate ACT prescription to OPD febrile cases was high. Training and supervision of health workers appears not to be yielding the desired outcomes. Further research is needed to understand this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Affran Bonful
- Ghana College of Pharmacists, Cantonments, P. O. Box CT 10740, Accra, Ghana. .,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Adolf Kofi Awua
- Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin Adjuik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Doris Tsekpetse
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Mawuko Kofi Adanu
- Department of Population and Family Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pricillia Awo Nortey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ankomah
- Department of Population and Family Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Population Council, Yiyiwa Drive, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Ansah Koram
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Saha S, Krishna D, Prasath R, Sachan D. Incidence and Analysis of 7 Years Adverse Transfusion Reaction: A Retrospective Analysis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 36:149-155. [PMID: 32158098 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe blood transfusion is the primary need of all the health care delivery system. Though with the advances of transfusion medicine, the incidences of transfusion risk is gradually reduced, but the adverse transfusion reaction (ATR) of non hemolytic type still prevails. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and pattern of transfusion-related adverse events at our centre. The present retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine from April 2011 to April 2018, at a multi-organ transplant centre in South India. All the Adverse transfusion reactions were investigated in detail in the blood bank for the clerical errors, immunohematology workup and classified according to their nature with imputability assessment. A total of 140 ATR were reported out of 100,569 blood components distributed during the study period. After the analysis and workup of the reported reactions, majority of the reactions were observed in males (71%, n = 99). Most common symptom presented was Itching/Rashes in 43.6% (n = 61) ATR. Allergic reactions (51.4%, n = 72), were the most commonly encountered ATR followed by FNHTR (25.7%, n = 36). FFP transfusions (0.2%) contributed to the majority of the reactions followed by Red cell transfusion (0.15%). ATR were observed maximum in Hepato-biliary disease and liver transplantation patients (62%) followed by oncology patients (15%). The overall incidence of ATR in our study is 0.14% which is comparatively low compared to other studies due to well established hemovigilance systems. Adoption of more equipped methods & sensitive technology in various areas of blood banking will help to bring down the unwanted adverse transfusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryatapa Saha
- 1Present Address: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Calcutta, India.,2Department of Transfusion Medicine, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100 India
| | - Deepthi Krishna
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100 India
| | - Raghuram Prasath
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100 India
| | - Deepti Sachan
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100 India.,Present Address: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No. 7, CLC Works Road, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044 India
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Leigh S, Grant A, Murray N, Faragher B, Desai H, Dolan S, Cabdi N, Murray JB, Rejaei Y, Stewart S, Edwardson K, Dean J, Mehta B, Yeung S, Coenen F, Niessen LW, Carrol ED. The cost of diagnostic uncertainty: a prospective economic analysis of febrile children attending an NHS emergency department. BMC Med 2019; 17:48. [PMID: 30836976 PMCID: PMC6402102 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric fever is a common cause of emergency department (ED) attendance. A lack of prompt and definitive diagnostics makes it difficult to distinguish viral from potentially life-threatening bacterial causes, necessitating a cautious approach. This may result in extended periods of observation, additional radiography, and the precautionary use of antibiotics (ABs) prior to evidence of bacterial foci. This study examines resource use, service costs, and health outcomes. METHODS We studied an all-year prospective, comprehensive, and representative cohort of 6518 febrile children (aged < 16 years), attending Alder Hey Children's Hospital, an NHS-affiliated paediatric care provider in the North West of England, over a 1-year period. Performing a time-driven and activity-based micro-costing, we estimated the economic impact of managing paediatric febrile illness, with focus on nurse/clinician time, investigations, radiography, and inpatient stay. Using bootstrapped generalised linear modelling (GLM, gamma, log), we identified the patient and healthcare provider characteristics associated with increased resource use, applying retrospective case-note identification to determine rates of potentially avoidable AB prescribing. RESULTS Infants aged less than 3 months incurred significantly higher resource use than any other age group, at £1000.28 [95% CI £82.39-£2993.37] per child, (p < 0.001), while lesser experienced doctors exhibited 3.2-fold [95% CI 2.0-5.1-fold] higher resource use than consultants (p < 0.001). Approximately 32.4% of febrile children received antibiotics, and 7.1% were diagnosed with bacterial infections. Children with viral illnesses for whom antibiotic prescription was potentially avoidable incurred 9.9-fold [95% CI 6.5-13.2-fold] cost increases compared to those not receiving antibiotics, equal to an additional £1352.10 per child, predominantly resulting from a 53.9-h increase in observation and inpatient stay (57.1 vs. 3.2 h). Bootstrapped GLM suggested that infants aged below 3 months and those prompting a respiratory rate 'red flag', treatment by lesser experienced doctors, and Manchester Triage System (MTS) yellow or higher were statistically significant predictors of higher resource use in 100% of bootstrap simulations. CONCLUSION The economic impact of diagnostic uncertainty when managing paediatric febrile illness is significant, and the precautionary use of antibiotics is strongly associated with increased costs. The use of ED resources is highest among infants (aged less than 3 months) and those infants managed by lesser experienced doctors, independent of clinical severity. Diagnostic advances which could increase confidence to withhold antibiotics may yield considerable efficiency gains in these groups, where the perceived risks of failing to identify potentially life-threatening bacterial infections are greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leigh
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby St, Liverpool, L69 7BE UK
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Alison Grant
- Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Nicola Murray
- The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot St, Liverpool, L7 8XP UK
| | - Brian Faragher
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - Henal Desai
- Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE UK
| | - Samantha Dolan
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Farnworth, BL4 0JR UK
| | - Naeema Cabdi
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Cedar House, Liverpool, L69 3GE UK
| | - James B. Murray
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
| | - Yasmin Rejaei
- Pinderfields District General Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefield, WF1 4DG UK
| | - Stephanie Stewart
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Wirral, CH49 5PE UK
| | - Karl Edwardson
- Information Department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Jason Dean
- Finance Department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Bimal Mehta
- Emergency Department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Shunmay Yeung
- Department of Clinical Research, MARCH Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Frans Coenen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Ashton Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L693BX UK
| | - Louis W. Niessen
- Department of International Public Health and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA USA
| | - Enitan D. Carrol
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby St, Liverpool, L69 7BE UK
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
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Quakyi IA, Adjei GO, Sullivan DJ, Laar A, Stephens JK, Owusu R, Winch P, Sakyi KS, Coleman N, Krampa FD, Essuman E, Aubyn VNA, Boateng IA, Borteih BB, Vanotoo L, Tuakli J, Addison E, Bart-Plange C, Sorvor F, Adjei AA. Diagnostic capacity, and predictive values of rapid diagnostic tests for accurate diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in febrile children in Asante-Akim, Ghana. Malar J 2018; 17:468. [PMID: 30547795 PMCID: PMC6295071 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to compare the performance of HRP2 (First Response) and pLDH/HRP2 (Combo) RDTs for falciparum malaria against microscopy and PCR in acutely ill febrile children at presentation and follow-up. Methods This is an interventional study that recruited children < 5 years who reported to health facilities with a history of fever within the past 72 h or a documented axillary temperature of 37.5 °C. Using a longitudinal approach, recruitment and follow-up of participants was done between January and May 2012. Based on results of HRP2-RDT screening, the children were grouped into one of the following three categories: (1) tested positive for malaria using RDT and received anti-malarial treatment (group 1, n = 85); (2) tested negative for malaria using RDT and were given anti-malarial treatment by the admitting physician (group 2, n = 74); or, (3) tested negative for malaria using RDT and did not receive any anti-malarial treatment (group 3, n = 101). Independent microscopy, PCR and Combo-RDT tests were done for each sample on day 0 and all follow-up days. Results Mean age of the study participants was 22 months and females accounted for nearly 50%. At the time of diagnosis, the mean body temperature was 37.9 °C (range 35–40.1 °C). Microscopic parasite density ranged between 300 and 99,500 parasites/µL. With microscopy as gold standard, the sensitivity of HRP2 and Combo-RDTs were 95.1 and 96.3%, respectively. The sensitivities, specificities and predictive values for RDTs were relatively higher in microscopy-defined malaria cases than in PCR positive-defined cases. On day 0, participants who initially tested negative for HRP2 were positive by microscopy (n = 2), Combo (n = 1) and PCR (n = 17). On days 1 and 2, five of the children in this group (initially HRP2-negative) tested positive by PCR alone. On day 28, four patients who were originally HRP2-negative tested positive for microscopy (n = 2), Combo (n = 2) and PCR (n = 4). Conclusion The HRP2/pLDH RDTs showed comparable diagnostic accuracy in children presenting with an acute febrile illness to health facilities in a hard-to-reach rural area in Ghana. Nevertheless, discordant results recorded on day 0 and follow-up visits using the recommended RDTs means improved malaria diagnostic capability in malaria-endemic regions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Quakyi
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - George O Adjei
- Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Judith K Stephens
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Owusu
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Winch
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioural Interventions Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kwame S Sakyi
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, Oakland University, 3101 Human Health Building, 433 Meadow Brook Rd, Rochester, MI, 48309-4452, USA
| | - Nathaniel Coleman
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis D Krampa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Essuman
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vivian N A Aubyn
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac A Boateng
- Asante-Akim Central Municipal Health Directorate, Ghana Health Services, Konongo, Ghana
| | - Bernard B Borteih
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Vanotoo
- Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Services, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Felix Sorvor
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Worldwide Universities Network, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Waterfield T, Maney JA, Hanna M, Fairley D, Shields MD. Point-of-care testing for procalcitonin in identifying bacterial infections in young infants: a diagnostic accuracy study. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:387. [PMID: 30541505 PMCID: PMC6292055 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary objective of this study was to report on the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing (POCT) for procalcitonin (PCT) in identifying invasive bacterial infections in young infants. Invasive bacterial infection was defined as the isolation of a bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture. Methods This was a prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study. Young infants less than 90 days of age presenting to the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children with signs of possible bacterial infection were eligible for inclusion. Eligible infants underwent point-of-care testing for procalcitonin in the emergency department. Testing was performed by clinical staff using 0.5 ml of whole blood. Results were available within 20 min. Results 126 children were included over a 5-month period between September 2017 and January 2018. There were 14 children diagnosed with bacterial infections (11.1%). Of these 4 children were diagnosed with invasive bacterial infections (3.2%). POCT procalcitonin demonstrated an excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying children with invasive bacterial infection area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97(95% CI, 0.94 to 1.0). At a cut-off value of 1.0 ng/ml is highly accurate at identifying infants at risk of invasive bacterial infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00 and 0.92 respectively. Conclusions Point-of-care procalcitonin can be performed quickly in the emergency department and demonstrates an excellent diagnostic accuracy for the identification of young infants with invasive bacterial infections. Trial registration NCT03509727 Retrospectively registered on 26th April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Waterfield
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Michael D Shields
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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Jarrett OO, Fatunde OJ, Osinusi K, Lagunju IA. PREVALENCE OF BACTERAEMIA AMONGST CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2018; 16:170-3. [PMID: 31217776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile seizures are common among children and these are known to result from the diverse aetiological factors, known to cause fever in children. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of bacteraemia amongst children with febrile seizures at the children's emergency room of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODOS This was a prospective study involving 147 children who were presented with febrile seizures over a period of 13 months at the University College Hospital Ibadan. They all had their blood cultures sample taken under aseptic conditions. Other investigations performed on them included a packed cell volume, full blood count and blood film for malaria parasite. RESULTS A total of 83 males and 64 females with febrile seizures were studied. Their ages ranged from 4 to 60 months with a mean age of 26.35 + 13.76 months. Bacteraemia was diagnosed in 32(21.8%) of the cases. The predominant organism isolated from the blood of these patients was Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION Bacteraemia is a frequent finding in children with febrile seizures hence, it may be beneficial to carry out blood culture in such children on the suspicion of a probable bacterial infection.
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Abstract
Background Suboptimal intake of magnesium become prevalent due to the modern diet of processed food low in magnesium. Magnesium may modulate seizure activity by antagonizing excitatory calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Although hyponatremia has been reported to be common in febrile seizures, the most common form of seizure, little is known about the status of serum ionized magnesium. We therefore investigated the status of serum ionized magnesium (iMg2+) in children with febrile seizures and compared with controls. Methods We included all patients from 1 to 6 years old who had presented with febrile seizure to the pediatric emergency department at the Korea University Guro Hospital from July 2016 to February 2017. The control group comprised patients admitted to the hospital with febrile respiratory tract infections, but with no history of febrile seizure. Clinical data, blood tests, and electroencephalogram (EEG) results were reviewed using the patients’ medical records. Results A total of 133 patients with febrile seizure and 141 control patients were analyzed in the present study. As a result, hypomagnesemia (< 0.50 mmol/L) was more common in patients with febrile seizure than in controls (42.9% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001) and it was an independent risk factor for febrile seizure (OR, odds ratio = 22.12, 95% CI = 9.23–53.02, P < 0.001). A receiver operating curve analysis revealed that serum iMg2+ levels < 0.51 mmol/L predicted the presence of febrile seizures with a sensitivity of 45.1% and a specificity of 92.6% (AUC, area under the curve = 0.731, 95% confidence interval = 0.671–0.791). When the patients with febrile seizure were divided in terms of a serum iMg2+ concentration of 0.51 mmol/L, there was no difference in clinical features. Conclusions Hypomagnesemia was more common and serum iMg2+ level was lower in patients with febrile seizures than in controls. However, further evidence is needed for the causal relationship between low magnesium and febrile convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hye Byeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Villalon N, Farzan N, Freeman K. Rate of bacteremia in the hemodialysis patient presenting to the emergency department with fever: a retrospective chart review. Int J Emerg Med 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29802505 PMCID: PMC5970130 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-018-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious disease is the second most common cause of death in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). When presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever, it remains a diagnostic challenge to distinguish patients with potentially life-threatening bacterial infections from those with less significant causes of fever. The primary goal of this study was to determine the rate of bacteremia in HD patients presenting to the ED with fever. The secondary goal of this study was to identify any independent risk factors associated with bacteremia in the febrile HD patient. METHODS This is a retrospective medical record review of all HD patients who presented to the ED with either subjective fever as primary complaint or with a documented triage temperature of 38 °C or higher during the 3-year period between September 1, 2014, and September 1, 2017. Patient visits were included in the study if blood cultures were ordered in the ED. Data related to demographic information, clinical parameters, diagnostic test results in the ER, final diagnosis, and results of microbiology cultures were collected from each patient encounter. Univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with bacteremia. RESULTS We identified 353 patient visits from 138 unique patients that met inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight percent of these were women, and the average age was 54.6 years. The rate of bacteremia was 31.7%, and the main microorganisms isolated in blood culture were non-MRSA Staphylococcus aureus (40.7%), MRSA (13.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.5%), and Enterobacter spp. (11.5%). Independent prognostic factors associated with bacteremia were use of dialysis catheter, prior history of bacteremia, and > 5% neutrophilic band cells (OR 6.55 [95% CI 3.96-10.8; p < 0.0001]; OR 8.87 [95% CI 5.32-14.8; p < 0.0001]; OR 3.32 [95% CI 1.90-5.80; p < 0.0001] respectively). CONCLUSION HD patients presenting to the ED with fever have high rates of bacteremia, with a significantly higher rate in patients using dialysis catheters or those with a history of bacteremia. Other clinical data available in the ED is minimally useful in predicting bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Villalon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation Hospital, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 1 Navy Hill Dr. , Box 10002 PMB 4211, Saipan, MP, 96950, USA.
| | - Neda Farzan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation Hospital, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 1 Navy Hill Dr. , Box 10002 PMB 4211, Saipan, MP, 96950, USA
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation Hospital, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 1 Navy Hill Dr. , Box 10002 PMB 4211, Saipan, MP, 96950, USA
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Madran B, Keske Ş, Tokça G, Dönmez E, Ferhanoğlu B, Çetiner M, Mandel NM, Ergönül Ö. Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program for patients with febrile neutropenia. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46:420-424. [PMID: 29174192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the effectiveness of our standardized protocol for febrile neutropenia (FN), which was targeted to minimize unintended outcomes and reduce antimicrobial consumption. METHODS The study was performed in a private hospital with 300 beds. We included all adult hematologic and oncologic cancer inpatients admitted between January 1, 2015-December 31, 2015, and January 1, 2016-May 31, 2017. The outcomes of the study were fatality, infections, and adherence to the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). RESULTS We included 152 FN attacks of 95 adult inpatients from hematology and oncology wards; of these, 43% were women, and the median age was 57 years. The case fatality rate was 30% in the pre-ASP period and decreased to 11% in the post-ASP period (P = .024). The appropriate adding or changing (P = .006) and appropriate continuation or de-escalation or discontinuation of antimicrobials improved (P < .001). In the post-ASP period, Staphylococcus spp infections (from 22% to 8%, P = .02) and gram-negative infections decreased (from 43% to 20%, P = .003). In the multivariate analysis, appropriate continuation or de-escalation or discontinuation was increased in the post-ASP period (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-10.41; P = .001), and gram-positive infections were decreased (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.95, P = .041). Vancomycin and fluoroquinolone use decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS After implementation of the ASP, the case fatality rate among the patients with FN decreased. Appropriate antimicrobial use increased and overall antimicrobial consumption was reduced. Bacterial infections and Candida infections decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Madran
- Infectious Diseases Department, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şiran Keske
- Infectious Diseases Department, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tokça
- Infectious Diseases Department, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Dönmez
- Infectious Diseases Department, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Çetiner
- Internal Medicine and Hematology Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Önder Ergönül
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mohd Ali MR, Mohd Safee AW, Ismail NH, Abu Sapian R, Mat Hussin H, Ismail N, Yean Yean C. Development and validation of pan-Leptospira Taqman qPCR for the detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical specimens. Mol Cell Probes 2018. [PMID: 29524642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is important for ensuring better clinical management and achieving better outcomes. Currently, serological assays suffer from inconsistent performance and are less useful for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. As an alternative, qPCR is more sensitive, specific and able to detect the presence of leptospiral DNA during the acute phase of the infection. Meanwhile, most molecular assays do not detect the non-pathogenic group of Leptospira, even though these groups may also infect humans, although less frequently and less severely. METHODS A set of primers and probe targeting rrs genes of 22 Leptospira spp. were designed and evaluated on 31 Leptospira isolates, 41 other organisms and 65 clinical samples from suspected patients. RESULTS The developed assay was able to detect as low as 20 fg Leptospira DNA per reaction (equivalent to approximately 4 copies) and showed high specificity against the tested leptospiral strains. No cross amplification was observed with the other organisms. During the evaluation of the confirmed clinical specimens, the developed assay was able to correctly identify all positive samples (n = 10/10). One amplification was observed in a negative sample (n = 1/55). The sequencing of the PCR product of the discordant sample revealed that the sequences were similar to those of L. interrogans and L. kirschneri. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the developed Taqman qPCR assay is sensitive, specific and has potential to be applied in a larger subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Secretariat National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, c/o Institut Pengurusan Kesihatan, Jalan Rumah Sakit Bangsar, 59000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Wahida Mohd Safee
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayati Ismail
- Kota Bharu Public Health Laboratory, Jalan Kuala Krai, 16010 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Abu Sapian
- Secretariat National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, c/o Institut Pengurusan Kesihatan, Jalan Rumah Sakit Bangsar, 59000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hani Mat Hussin
- Kota Bharu Public Health Laboratory, Jalan Kuala Krai, 16010 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Albakaye M, Belaïdi H, Lahjouji F, Errguig L, Kuate C, Maiga Y, Diallo SH, Kissani N, Ouazzani R. Clinical aspects, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography of 35 cases of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 80:184-190. [PMID: 29414550 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is a rare consequence of febrile seizures during childhood. It is characterized by the presence of prolonged unilateral clonic seizures occurring during febrile illness in a child less than 4years of age. Then, a flaccid unilateral hemiplegia with variable duration occurs. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to describe the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), and neuroimaging treatment and outcome of series of cases of HHE syndrome followed for 10years in our clinical neurophysiology department of the specialty hospital of Rabat. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a retrospective study of 35 patients followed up for HHE syndrome from January 2005 to December 2015. All patients included in the study met the definition criteria for HHE syndrome. RESULTS The age of onset ranged from 1 to 10years. Hemiplegia or spastic hemiparesis of the ipsilateral side to the convulsion was present in all patients. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found in all patients. All patients developed drug-resistant focal epilepsy during the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The management of HHE syndrome constitutes a real public health problem in developing countries like Morocco. The neurological morbidity and the severe sequels are of high impact in these young kids. On the one hand, authors highlight the need for improving emergency care of status epilepticus. On the other hand, in our context, the prophylaxis of febrile seizures seems to be the corner stone of the prevention of HHE Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Albakaye
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Neurology Department, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco.
| | - Halima Belaïdi
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Lahjouji
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Errguig
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Callixte Kuate
- Neurology Department, Hospital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Youssoufa Maiga
- Neurology Department, Gabriel Touré, Hospital, PO Box 267, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Najib Kissani
- Neurology Department, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Reda Ouazzani
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Kobayashi M, Uematsu T, Nakamura G, Kokubun H, Mizuno T, Betsunoh H, Kamai T. The Predictive Value of Glycated Hemoglobin and Albumin for the Clinical Course Following Hospitalization of Patients with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Chemother 2018; 50:228-237. [PMID: 30270582 PMCID: PMC6167507 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.50.3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is considered a risk factor for acquisition of febrile urinary tract infection (f-UTI), but information on the association of diabetes with subsequent course of the disease is lacking. Thus, we investigated the clinical variables including diabetic status which determined the clinical course in patients with community-acquired f-UTI. Materials and Methods Patients hospitalized consecutively for f-UTI between February 2016 and January 2018 were used for this single center study. The routine laboratory tests including blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were done and empiric treatment with parenteral antibiotics was commenced on admission. The clinical course such as duration of fever (DOF) and length of hospital stay (LOS) were compared among groups classified by the clinical variables. Results Among the101 patients admitted for f-UTI, 15 patients with diabetes (14.9%) experienced significantly longer febrile period and hospitalization compared to those with hyperglycemia (n = 18, 17.8%) or those without diabetes and hyperglycemia (n = 68, 67.3%). Of the laboratory parameters tested on admission and several clinical factors, the presence of diabetes and risk factors for severe complicated infection (hydronephrosis, urosepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy) as well as HbA1c and albumin were identified as predictors for LOS by univariate analysis, whereas none of the variables failed to predict DOF. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, HbA1c levels and albumin levels were isolated as independent predictors of LOS. Conclusion Patients with higher HbA1c and lower albumin levels required the longest period of hospitalization. Thus, an evaluation of diabetic and nutritional status on admission will be feasible to foretell the clinical course and better manage the subset of patients at risk of prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Utsunomiya Memorial Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Gaku Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Dam Larsen F, Jespersen S, Wejse C, Petersen E, Larsen CS. One-sixth of inpatients in a Danish infectious disease ward have imported diseases: A cross-sectional analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2017; 20:43-48. [PMID: 29066404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to describe travel demographics and disease patterns of patients hospitalized with travel-related diseases, and assess risk factors to improve pre-travel information and post-travel diagnostics and treatment. METHODS The study included all patients hospitalized with travel-related diseases in 2015 at a Danish infectious diseases ward. Patient data was extracted from the in-patient hospital registry. was analyzed regarding diagnoses, destination, purpose of travel and pre-travel information. RESULTS 240 patients were hospitalized with a total of 289 travel-related diseases, accounting for 16.6% (240/1450) of all admissions. Febrile illnesses were the most common (39.5%, 114/289) followed by respiratory (19.7%, 57/289) and gastrointestinal diagnoses (19.0%, 55/289). Most of the diseases were acquired in Sub-Saharan Africa (35.6%, 103/289) followed by South East Asia (27.0%, 78/289), and 60.0% (144/240) of the patients were tourists. One-third (36.3%, 81/223) of the non-migrants had received pre-travel information. The lowest rate was seen in people visiting friends and relatives (18.2%, 6/32). CONCLUSION Travel-related diseases are common among patients admitted to this Danish infectious disease ward. Malaria is the most common disease among both travelers and immigrants. In approximately one third of all the patients in our study etiology was unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrikke Dam Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; GloHAU, Department of Public Health, Section of Global Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2-Building 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Carsten Schade Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Chen X, Durisic N, Lynch JW, Keramidas A. Inhibitory synapse deficits caused by familial α1 GABA A receptor mutations in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:213-24. [PMID: 28870844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a spectrum of neurological disorders with many causal factors. The GABA type-A receptor (GABAAR) is a major genetic target for heritable human epilepsies. Here we examine the functional effects of three epilepsy-causing mutations to the α1 subunit (α1T10'I, α1D192N and α1A295D) on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) mediated by the major synaptic GABAAR isoform, α1β2γ2L. We employed a neuron - HEK293 cell heterosynapse preparation to record IPSCs mediated by mutant-containing GABAARs in isolation from other GABAAR isoforms. IPSCs were recorded in the presence of the anticonvulsant drugs, carbamazepine and midazolam, and at elevated temperatures (22, 37 and 40°C) to gain insight into mechanisms of febrile seizures. The mutant subunits were also transfected into cultured cortical neurons to investigate changes in synapse formation and neuronal morphology using fluorescence microscopy. We found that IPSCs mediated by α1T10'Iβ2γ2L, α1D192Nβ2γ2L GABAARs decayed faster than those mediated by α1β2γ2L receptors. IPSCs mediated by α1D192Nβ2γ2L and α1A295Dβ2γ2L receptors also exhibited a heightened temperature sensitivity. In addition, the α1T10'Iβ2γ2L GABAARs were refractory to modulation by carbamazepine or midazolam. In agreement with previous studies, we found that α1A295Dβ2γ2L GABAARs were retained intracellularly in HEK293 cells and neurons. However, pre-incubation with 100nM suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) induced α1A295Dβ2γ2L GABAARs to mediate IPSCs that were indistinguishable in magnitude and waveform from those mediated by α1β2γ2L receptors. Finally, mutation-specific changes to synaptic bouton size, synapse number and neurite branching were also observed. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis of α1 epilepsy mutations and suggest possible leads for improving treatments for patients harbouring these mutations.
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Kang JS, Jhun BW, Yoon H, Lim SM, Ko E, Park JH, Hwang SY, Lee SU, Lee TR, Cha WC, Shin TG, Sim MS, Jo IJ. The Utility of Preliminary Patient Evaluation in a Febrile Respiratory Infectious Disease Unit outside the Emergency Department. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1534-1541. [PMID: 28776351 PMCID: PMC5546975 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.9.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A febrile respiratory infectious disease unit (FRIDU) with a negative pressure ventilation system was constructed outside the emergency department (ED) of the Samsung Medical Center in 2015, to screen for patients with contagious diseases requiring isolation. We evaluated the utility of the FRIDU during 1 year of operation. We analyzed 1,562 patients who were hospitalized after FRIDU screening between August 2015 and July 2016. The level of isolation recommended during their screening at the FRIDU was compared with the level deemed appropriate given their final diagnosis. Of the 1,562 patients screened at the FRIDU, 198 (13%) were isolated, 194 (12%) were reverse isolated, and 1,170 (75%) were not isolated. While hospitalized, 97 patients (6%) were confirmed to have a contagious disease requiring isolation, such as tuberculosis; 207 patients (13%) were confirmed to be immunocompromised and to require reverse isolation, mainly due to neutropenia; and the remaining 1,258 patients (81%) did not require isolation. The correlation coefficient for isolation consistency was 0.565 (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of FRIDU screening for diagnosing contagious disease requiring isolation are 76% and 98%, respectively. No serious nosocomial outbreaks of contagious diseases occurred. During FRIDU screening, 114 patients were admitted to the resuscitation zone due to clinical instability, and three of these patients died. The initial isolation levels resulting from FRIDU screening were moderately well correlated with the isolation levels required by the final diagnosis, demonstrating the utility of pre-hospitalization screening units. However, the risks of deterioration during the screening process remain challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Seong Mi Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsil Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Uk Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Rim Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Chul Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Gun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seob Sim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Joon Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mohd Ali MR, Mohamad Safiee AW, Thangarajah P, Fauzi MH, Muhd Besari A, Ismail N, Yean Yean C. Molecular detection of leptospirosis and melioidosis co-infection: A case report. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:894-896. [PMID: 28330585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis and melioidosis are important tropical infections caused by Leptospira and Burkholdheria pseudomallei, respectively. As both infections share similar clinical manifestations yet require different managements, complementary laboratory tests are crucial for the diagnosis. We describe a case of Leptospira and B. pseudomallei co-infection in a diabetic 40-year-old woman with history of visit to a freshwater camping site in northern Malaysia. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such double-infection, simultaneously demonstrated by molecular approach. This case highlights the possibility of leptospirosis and melioidosis co-infections and their underlying challenges in the rapid and accurate detection of the etiologic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Mohd Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Secretariat National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, c/o Institut Pengurusan Kesihatan, Jalan Rumah Sakit Bangsar, 59000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Amira W Mohamad Safiee
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Padmaloseni Thangarajah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd H Fauzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Alwi Muhd Besari
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Saweri OPM, Hetzel MW, Mueller I, Siba PM, Pulford J. The treatment of non-malarial febrile illness in Papua New Guinea: findings from cross sectional and longitudinal studies of health worker practice. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28056949 PMCID: PMC5217620 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Papua New Guinea Department of Health recently shifted from a presumptive to a ‘test and treat’ malaria case management policy. This shift was supported by the widespread introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in health facilities across the country. Health workers received training and job-aids detailing how to conduct and interpret a malaria rapid diagnostic test and how to treat test positive cases; however, little instruction on treating non-malaria febrile cases was provided. Accordingly, this study examined health worker case management of non-malarial febrile patients in the 12-month period immediately following the introduction of the revised malaria case management policy. Methods Data were collected from a country-wide cross-sectional survey of febrile case management at randomly selected health facilities and from longitudinal surveillance at sentinel health facilities. Analysis was restricted to febrile patients who tested negative for malaria infection by rapid diagnostic test (N=303 and 5705 outpatients, respectively). Results and Discussion 96.8% of non-malarial febrile patients received a diagnosis in the longitudinal sample, compared to 52.4% of the cross-sectional sample. Respiratory tract infections were the most commonly reported diagnoses. Over 90% of patients in both samples were prescribed one or more medications, most commonly an analgesic (71.3 & 72.9% of the longitudinal and cross-sectional samples, respectively), some form of antibiotic (72.7 & 73.4%, respectively) and/or an anthelminthic (17.9 & 16.5%, respectively). Prescribing behaviour was adherent with the recommendations in the standard treatment guidelines in fewer than 20% of cases (longitudinal sample only). Conclusion Many non-malarial febrile patients are not provided with a diagnosis. When diagnoses are provided they are typically some form of respiratory tract infection. Antibiotics and analgesics are widely prescribed, although medications prescribed rarely adhere to the Papua New Guinea standard treatment guidelines. These findings indicate that Papua New Guinea health workers require support for non-malarial febrile illness case management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1965-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P M Saweri
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), PO Box 60, Goroka, EHP 441, Papua New Guinea
| | - Manuel W Hetzel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter M Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), PO Box 60, Goroka, EHP 441, Papua New Guinea
| | - Justin Pulford
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), PO Box 60, Goroka, EHP 441, Papua New Guinea. .,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Paronyan L, Zardaryan E, Bakunts V, Gevorgyan Z, Asoyan V, Apresyan H, Hovhannisyan A, Palayan K, Bautista CT, Kuchuloria T, Rivard RG. A retrospective chart review study to describe selected zoonotic and arboviral etiologies in hospitalized febrile patients in the Republic of Armenia. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:445. [PMID: 27553785 PMCID: PMC4995752 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scant information is available on the infectious causes of febrile illnesses in Armenia. The goal of this study was to describe the most common causes, with a focus on zoonotic and arboviral infections and related epidemiological and clinical patterns for hospitalized patients with febrile illnesses of infectious origin admitted to Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, the referral center for infectious diseases in the capital city, Yerevan. METHOD A chart review study was conducted in 2014. Data were abstracted from medical charts of adults (≥18 years) with a fever (≥38 °C), who were hospitalized (for ≥24 h) in 2010-2012. RESULTS Of the 600 patients whose charts were analyzed, 76 % were from Yerevan and 51 % were male; the mean age (± standard deviation) was 35.5 (±16) years. Livestock exposure was recorded in 5 % of charts. Consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized dairy products were reported in 11 and 8 % of charts, respectively. Intestinal infections (51 %) were the most frequently reported final medical diagnoses, followed by diseases of the respiratory system (11 %), infectious mononucleosis (9.5 %), chickenpox (8.3 %), brucellosis (8.3 %), viral hepatitis (3.2 %), and erysipelas (1.5 %). Reviewed medical charts included two cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO), two cutaneous anthrax cases, two leptospirosis cases, three imported malaria cases, one case of rickettsiosis, and one case of rabies. Engagement in agricultural activities, exposure to animals, consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk, and male gender were significantly associated with brucellosis. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicated that brucellosis was the most frequently reported zoonotic disease among hospitalized febrile patients. Overall, these study results suggest that zoonotic and arboviral infections were not common etiologies among febrile adult patients admitted to the Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Paronyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Eduard Zardaryan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vahe Bakunts
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaruhi Gevorgyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vigen Asoyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hripsime Apresyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alvard Hovhannisyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karo Palayan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Tinatin Kuchuloria
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Rivard
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Mahende C, Ngasala B, Lusingu J, Yong TS, Lushino P, Lemnge M, Mmbando B, Premji Z. Performance of rapid diagnostic test, blood-film microscopy and PCR for the diagnosis of malaria infection among febrile children from Korogwe District, Tanzania. Malar J 2016; 15:391. [PMID: 27459856 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and light microscopy are still recommended for diagnosis to guide the clinical management of malaria despite difficult challenges in rural settings. The performance of these tests may be affected by several factors, including malaria prevalence and intensity of transmission. The study evaluated the diagnostic performance of malaria RDT, light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting malaria infections among febrile children at outpatient clinic in Korogwe District, northeastern Tanzania. Methods The study enrolled children aged 2–59 months with fever and/or history of fever in the previous 48 h attending outpatient clinics. Blood samples were collected for identification of Plasmodium falciparum infection using histidine-rich-protein-2 (HRP-2)-based malaria RDT, light microscopy and conventional PCR. Results A total of 867 febrile patients were enrolled into the study. Malaria-positive samples were 85/867 (9.8 %, 95 % CI, 7.9–12.0 %) by RDT, 72/867 (8.3 %, 95 % CI, 6.5–10.1 %) by microscopy and 79/677 (11.7 %, 95 % CI, 9.3–14.3 %) by PCR. The performance of malaria RDT compared with microscopy results had sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 88.9 % (95 % CI, 79.3–95.1 %) and 75.3 % (95 % CI, 64.8–84.0 %), respectively. Confirmation of P. falciparum infection with PCR analysis provided lower sensitivity and PPV of 88.6 % (95 % CI, 79.5–94.7 %) and 84.3 % (95 % CI, 74.7–91.4 %) for RDT compared to microscopy. Conclusion Diagnosis of malaria infection is still a challenge due to variation in results among diagnostic methods. HRP-2 malaria RDT and microscopy were less sensitive than PCR. Diagnostic tools with high sensitivity are required in areas of low malaria transmission.
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Ayorinde AF, Oyeyiga AM, Nosegbe NO, Folarin OA. A survey of malaria and some arboviral infections among suspected febrile patients visiting a health centre in Simawa, Ogun State, Nigeria. J Infect Public Health 2015; 9:52-9. [PMID: 26256113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most febrile patients are often misdiagnosed with malaria due to similar symptoms, such as fever shared by malaria and certain arboviral infections. This study surveyed the incidence of malaria, chikungunya and dengue infections among a number of suspected febrile patients visiting Simawa Health Centre, Ogun State, Nigeria. Venous blood samples were obtained from 60 febrile patients (age 3-70 years) visiting the centre between April and May 2014. The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used to detect the presence of chikungunya (CHK) antibodies (IgM), dengue (DEN) virus and antibodies (NS1, IgM and IgG) and malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax). Malarial confirmatory tests were by microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the polymorphic region of Glutamate-Rich Protein (GLURP) gene. The complexity of P. falciparum infection in the community also determined by the use of nested PCR. These three mosquito-borne infections were observed in 63% (38) of the patients. The prevalence of CHK, DEN and malarial infections singularly were 11%, 0% and 63%, respectively, whereas malaria with either CHK or DEN infections were 24% (9) and 3% (1), respectively. No subjects were positive for CHK and DEN co-infection. Malarial microscopic confirmation was in 94% (32) of the malaria RDT-positive samples, 50% (17) were successfully analysed by nested PCR and the mean multiplicity of infection was 1.6 (1-3 clones). One patient sample harboured both P. falciparum and P. vivax. The study reports the presence of some arboviral infections having similar symptoms with malaria at Simawa, Ogun State. The proper diagnosis of infectious diseases is important for controlling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenola F Ayorinde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ayorinde M Oyeyiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Nwakaego O Nosegbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe A Folarin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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Kumar A, Nielsen AL. Trends in the patterns of IgM and IgG antibodies in febrile persons with suspected dengue in Barbados, an English-speaking Caribbean country, 2006-2013. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:583-92. [PMID: 26117708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term seroprevalence studies of dengue have provided a measure of the degree of endemicity and future trends in disease prevalence and severity. In this study, we describe the seroprevalence of dengue antibodies in febrile persons with suspected acute dengue in Barbados. It is a retrospective population-based study of all febrile persons with suspected dengue from 2006 to 2013. All of the cases had IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood sample drawn between days 3 and 5 of their illness. Among the 8296 cases that were tested for IgM antibodies, 3037 (36.6%) had recent dengue infection. In the age groups <5 years, 5-20 years and >20 years, 23.3%, 39.6% and 35.5% had acute infection, respectively. Of the 7227 cases with documented IgG results, 5473 (75.7%) were positive and had a past infection. In the age groups <5 years, 5-20 years and >20 years, 31.2%, 65.2% and 86.6%, respectively, had a past infection (IgG positive). During the first 5 years of life, 10-20% of febrile persons investigated for dengue had a positive IgM and a negative IgG titer, between 5 and 10% had a positive IgM and IgG titer, 5% had a positive IgG and a negative IgM titer, and between 45% and 65% had a negative IgM and a negative IgG titer. Throughout the study period, between 12% and 20% of febrile persons failed to show any evidence of current or previous dengue. In the age groups <5 years, 5-20 years and >20 years, 45.0%, 18.8% and 7.2%, respectively, had no evidence of recent or past dengue (both IgM and IgG negative). Between 37% and 59% of the febrile persons had serological evidence of past dengue in the absence of any current dengue. In conclusion, the pattern of IgG antibodies in this study was comparable to those in countries known to be hyperendemic for dengue. The age of infection is likely to shift to younger adults and children who are more likely to have severe dengue in the future.
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Abstract
Background: Malaria has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the under-five children in Nigeria. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria is necessary in controlling this high burden and preventing unnecessary use of anti-malarial drugs. Malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) offers the hope of achieving this goal. However, the performance of these kits among the most vulnerable age group to malaria is inadequate. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 433 out-patients, aged <5 years with fever or history of fever were enrolled. Each candidate was tested for malaria parasitaemia using ACON; malaria pf. Thick and thin films were also prepared from the same finger prick blood for each candidate. Result: Malaria rapid diagnostic test had sensitivity of 8.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 74%. The sensitivity of MRDT increased with increasing age. This effect of age on sensitivity was statistically significant (P = 0.007). Similarly parasite density had significant effect on the sensitivity of MRDT (P = <0.001). Conclusion: Histidine-rich protein-2 based MRDT is not a reliable mean of diagnosing malaria in the under-five age children with acute uncomplicated malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamu Ibrahim Rabasa
- Department of Paediatrics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Faruk Bashir
- Department of Paediatrics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
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Habibian N, Alipour A, Rezaianzadeh A. Association between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Febrile Convulsion in 3- to 60-Month-Old Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Med Sci 2014; 39:496-505. [PMID: 25429171 PMCID: PMC4242983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists regarding the association between Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), iron status, and Febrile Convulsion (FC) during childhood. In this article, a systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted in order to determine possible association and the degree of association between these statuses and FC. To identify all studies related to IDA and FC, various references such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (OVID), Web of sciences (Thomson Reuters) and Google scholar were searched (up until 15 January 2013). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic, Tau(2), and I(2). Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed. The outcome of primary interest was the overall Odds Ratio (OR) of FC for IDA and standard mean differences (SMD) of ferritin level. In total, 21 articles were considered to assess the association between IDA and FC. Anemia was more prevalent among the FC patients compared with the controls and the overall OR was 1.52 (95% CI=1.03 to 2.25). In addition, the pooled OR for 17 studies performed in the populations with low and moderate prevalence of anemia was 2.04 (95% CI=1.46 to 2.85). Furthermore, 12 studies assessed the association between the ferritin level and FC. The overall SMD was -0.02 with a 95% CI of -0.09 to 0.06. Besides, the pooled SMD of ferritin was -0.57 (95% CI=-0.7 to -0.46) in 6 studies reporting no difference between the FC and the control group with respect to temperature. IDA was associated with a moderate increased risk of FC in children, particularly in the areas with low and moderate prevalence of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Habibian
- Center of Medical Education Studies and Development, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Thalassemia Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kaczmarek MC, Duong UT, Ware RS, Lambert SB, Kelly HA. The risk of fever following one dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged ≥6 months to <36 months: a comparison of published and unpublished studies. Vaccine 2013; 31:5359-65. [PMID: 24055353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are limited summary data published on the risk of fever and febrile seizures in children following influenza vaccination. We performed a review of the risk of fever and febrile seizures following receipt of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in children aged ≥6 months to <36 months, searching PubMED and Google Scholar for English language articles from 2000 onwards, and initiated or ongoing unpublished studies since September 2007 using Clinicaltrials.gov. Exclusions included other vaccine co-administration, missing ages or participant numbers, or unmeasured fever. We reviewed articles and collated results using a standard data extraction template. We identified a total of 909 published papers and unpublished trials from a search conducted on 23 January 2013, 669 from Google Scholar, 114 from PubMed and 126 from the Clinicaltrials.gov online database. After excluding 890 published papers or unpublished trials, 5 published papers and 14 unpublished trials were included in this review. Extracted data on number of events, children at risk and time of follow-up were converted to the risk of fever, which was averaged per week of follow-up (referred to as 'averaged weekly risk'). Following one dose of TIV, the median averaged weekly risk of any fever (≥37.5°C) was 26.0% (range 10.3-70.0%) in unpublished trials compared to 8.2% (range 5.3-28.3%) in published papers (p=0.04). The median averaged weekly risk of severe fever (≥39.0°C) was 3.2% (range 0-10.0%) and 2.0% (range 0.6-17.0%), respectively (p=0.91). Variation in the reporting of fever by participant age groups, time since vaccination and the definition or measurement of fever resulted in a wide range of risk estimates. Reporting of febrile reactions should be standardised to allow comparison between manufacturers and influenza seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena C Kaczmarek
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, and Children's Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Epidemiology Unit, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Caraballo RH, Reyes G, Avaria MFL, Buompadre MC, Gonzalez M, Fortini S, Cersosimo R. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: a study of 12 patients. Seizure 2013; 22:553-9. [PMID: 23643626 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the electroclinical features, neuroimaging findings, treatment, and outcome of 12 patients with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). METHODS This is a retrospective study of 12 children with FIRES with a mean time of follow-up of 6.5 years carried out at the Garrahan Hospital of Buenos Aires between 1997 and 2012. RESULTS Eight males and four females had focal status epilepticus preceded by febrile infection with a mean age at presentation of 8.5 years. In the acute period, the treatment included antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in all cases, immunotherapy in 10 cases, and burst-suppression coma in eight. The ketogenic diet was tried in two, plasmapheresis in one, and rituximab in one. Two patients treated with IVIG and one patient given steroids had a good response, but in this phase only three patients had a prolonged good response to IVIG and a ketogenic diet. No patients died in this period. In the chronic epilepsy phase, all children had seizures arising from neocortical regions. All patients had refractory epilepsy, and most mental retardation, and behavioral disturbances. All received different AEDs and in this phase a third patient was put on a ketogenic diet. One patient was operated without good results. Only two cases had a good outcome after 2 and 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION FIRES is a well-defined severe epileptic syndrome, probably in the group of epileptic encephalopathies, characterized by focal or multifocal seizures arising from the neocortical regions with an unknown etiology. Immunoglobulin and the ketogenic diet may be considered a potentially efficacious treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto H Caraballo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Pediatría Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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SALEHIOMRAN MR, MAHZARI M. Zinc status in febrile seizure: a case-control study. Iran J Child Neurol 2013; 7:20-3. [PMID: 24665313 PMCID: PMC3943049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure in children. Their incidence is 2-5%. There are different hypotheses about relationship between neurotransmitters and trace elements (such as zinc) and febrile seizure. Zinc, as a major element of some enzymes, plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS) and can affect some inhibitory mechanisms of CNS. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there were any changes in serum zinc level in children with febrile seizure in comparison with febrile children without seizure. MATERIALS & METHODS This case-control study was performed on 100 patients aged 6 months to 6 years. This study was conducted between January and August 2012, on 50 children with febrile seizures (case) and 50 febrile children without seizures (control), that were referred to Amirkola Children Hospital (a referral hospital in the north of Iran). Two groups were matched for age and sex. The serum zinc levels in the both groups were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. RESULTS The mean serum zinc level was 0.585±0.166 mg/L and 0.704±0.179 mg/L in the case group and the control group, respectively (p=0.001). The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in the febrile seizure group compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that serum zinc level was significantly lower in children with simple febrile seizure in comparison with febrile children without seizure. It can emphasize the hypothesis that there is a relation between serum zinc level and febrile seizure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza SALEHIOMRAN
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoumeh MAHZARI
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Fallah R, Tirandazi B, Akhavan Karbasi S, Golestan M. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children with febrile seizure. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol 2013; 3:200-3. [PMID: 24575264 PMCID: PMC3915443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common childhood seizures which occur in 2-5% of children. Studies about association between iron deficiency and febrile seizure have shown contradictory results. The purpose of this study was to compare the iron status of children with first febrile seizure and healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an analytic case-control study , iron status of 6 to 60 months old admitted children with first FS to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from December 2011 to August 2012 was evaluated and compared with healthy age and sex matched control children whom were referred for routine health care to primary health care center of Azadshar Yazd, Iran. RESULTS Forty five (44%) girls and 55 boys with a mean age of 23.7 ± 14.3 months were evaluated. In children with FS , hemoglobin level (11.46 ± 1.18 g/dl vs. 11.9 ± 0.89 g/dl, p= 0.042) , serum iron levels (48.91 ± 22.96 μg/dl vs. 75.13 ± 35.57 μg/dl , p= 0.001) and serum ferritin level (38.52 ± 11.38 ng/ml vs. 54.32 ± 13.46 ng/ml, p= 0.001) were lower than in healthy children group . Iron deficiency (48% vs. 28% , odds ratio 4.3, p=0.03) and iron deficiency anemia (22% vs. 10% , odds ratio = 3.16, p= 0.04) were more frequent in children with FS. CONCLUSION Based on the result of this study, iron deficiency could be an important risk factor for development of febrile convulsion. Evaluation of iron status is encouraged to be performed in children with febrile seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fallah
- Pediatric Neurologist, Associate Professor ,Department of Pediatrics, Growth Disorders of Children Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - B Tirandazi
- General Physician, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - S Akhavan Karbasi
- Pediatrician, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Growth Disorders of Children Research Center , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - M Golestan
- Pediatrician, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Growth Disorders of Children Research Center , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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SADEGHZADEH M, KHOSHNEVIS ASL P, MAHBOUBI E. Iron status and febrile seizure- a case control study in children less than 3 years. Iran J Child Neurol 2012; 6:27-31. [PMID: 24665277 PMCID: PMC3943016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Febrile seizure is one of the most common neurological conditions of childhood. Several theories, such as iron deficiency anemia have been proposed as the pathogenesis of this condition. The aim of this study was to find the association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures in children aged 6 months to 3 years admitted in Valie Asr hospital in Zanjan. MATERIALS &METHODS Hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and SI/TIBC ratio were assessed in one hundred children with febrile seizures and compared to the values of one hundred healthy children presenting in a heath care center in the same period as the control group. RESULTS A total of 6% of cases had iron deficiency anemia which was similar to the control group. In the case group SI/TIBC ratio below 12% was seen in 58% of children which was significantly higher than that of the control group (29%). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that although anemia was not common among febrile seizure patients, iron deficiency was more frequent in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour SADEGHZADEH
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric, Department of Pediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa KHOSHNEVIS ASL
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric, Department of Pediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Esrafil MAHBOUBI
- Pediatrician, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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