1
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Kulicke CA, Swarbrick GM, Ladd NA, Cansler M, Null M, Worley A, Lemon C, Ahmed T, Bennett J, Lust TN, Heisler CM, Huber ME, Krawic JR, Ankley LM, McBride SK, Tafesse FG, Olive AJ, Hildebrand WH, Lewinsohn DA, Adams EJ, Lewinsohn DM, Harriff MJ. Delivery of loaded MR1 monomer results in efficient ligand exchange to host MR1 and subsequent MR1T cell activation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:228. [PMID: 38402309 PMCID: PMC10894271 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted T cells have been implicated in microbial infections, sterile inflammation, wound healing and cancer. Similar to other antigen presentation molecules, evidence supports multiple, complementary MR1 antigen presentation pathways. To investigate ligand exchange pathways for MR1, we used MR1 monomers and tetramers loaded with 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) to deliver the antigen. Using MR1-deficient cells reconstituted with wild-type MR1 or MR1 molecules that cannot bind 5-OP-RU, we show that presentation of monomer-delivered 5-OP-RU is dependent on cellular MR1 and requires the transfer of ligand from the soluble molecule onto MR1 expressed by the antigen presenting cell. This mode of antigen delivery strengthens the evidence for post-ER ligand exchange pathways for MR1, which could represent an important avenue by which MR1 acquires antigens derived from endocytosed pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Kulicke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nicole A Ladd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Megan Null
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aneta Worley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Chance Lemon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joshua Bennett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Taylor N Lust
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Chelsea M Heisler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Megan E Huber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jason R Krawic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Laurisa M Ankley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Melanie J Harriff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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2
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Jin H, Ladd NA, Peev AM, Swarbrick GM, Cansler M, Null M, Boughter CT, McMurtrey C, Nilsen A, Dobos KM, Hildebrand WH, Lewinsohn DA, Adams EJ, Lewinsohn DM, Harriff MJ. Deaza-modification of MR1 ligands modulates recognition by MR1-restricted T cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22539. [PMID: 36581641 PMCID: PMC9800373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells recognize microbial small molecule metabolites presented on the MHC Class I-like molecule MR1 and have been implicated in early effector responses to microbial infection. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying chemical properties of metabolite ligands that permit recognition by MR1T cells, for consideration in therapeutic or vaccine applications. Here, we made chemical modifications to known MR1 ligands to evaluate the effect on MR1T cell activation. Specifically, we modified 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (DMRL) to generate 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityldeazalumazine (DZ), and then further derivatized DZ to determine the requirements for retaining MR1 surface stabilization and agonistic properties. Interestingly, the IFN-γ response toward DZ varied widely across a panel of T cell receptor (TCR)-diverse MR1T cell clones; while one clone was agnostic toward the modification, most displayed either an enhancement or depletion of IFN-γ production when compared with its response to DMRL. To gain insight into a putative mechanism behind this phenomenon, we used in silico molecular docking techniques for DMRL and its derivatives and performed molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes. In assessing the dynamics of each ligand in the MR1 pocket, we found that DMRL and DZ exhibit differential dynamics of both the ribityl moiety and the aromatic backbone, which may contribute to ligand recognition. Together, our results support an emerging hypothesis for flexibility in MR1:ligand-MR1T TCR interactions and enable further exploration of the relationship between MR1:ligand structures and MR1T cell recognition for downstream applications targeting MR1T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jin
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nicole A Ladd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Andrew M Peev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Megan Null
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christopher T Boughter
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Melanie J Harriff
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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3
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Swarbrick GM, Gela A, Cansler ME, Null MD, Duncan RB, Nemes E, Shey M, Nsereko M, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kiguli S, Koh J, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Lancioni C, Lewinsohn DM, Scriba TJ, Lewinsohn DA. Postnatal Expansion, Maturation, and Functionality of MR1T Cells in Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556695. [PMID: 33042140 PMCID: PMC7524872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells are defined by their recognition of metabolite antigens presented by the monomorphic MHC class 1-related molecule, MR1, the most highly conserved MHC class I related molecule in mammalian species. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the predominant subset of MR1T cells expressing an invariant TCR α-chain, TRAV1-2. These cells comprise a T cell subset that recognizes and mediates host immune responses to a broad array of microbial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we sought to characterize development of circulating human MR1T cells as defined by MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer labeling and of the TRAV1-2+ MAIT cells defined by expression of TRAV1-2 and high expression of CD26 and CD161 (TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ cells). We analyzed postnatal expansion, maturation, and functionality of peripheral blood MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells in cohorts from three different geographic settings with different tuberculosis (TB) vaccination practices, levels of exposure to and infection with M. tuberculosis. Early after birth, frequencies of MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells increased rapidly by several fold. This coincided with the transition from a predominantly CD4+ and TRAV1-2- population in neonates, to a predominantly TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ CD8+ population. We also observed that tetramer+ MR1T cells that expressed TNF upon mycobacterial stimulation were very low in neonates, but increased ~10-fold in the first year of life. These functional MR1T cells in all age groups were MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ and highly expressed CD161 and CD26, markers that appeared to signal phenotypic and functional maturation of this cell subset. This age-associated maturation was also marked by the loss of naïve T cell markers on tetramer+ TRAV1-2+ MR1T cells more rapidly than tetramer+TRAV1-2- MR1T cells and non-MR1T cells. These data suggest that neonates have infrequent populations of MR1T cells with diverse phenotypic attributes; and that exposure to the environment rapidly and preferentially expands the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ population of MR1T cells, which becomes the predominant population of functional MR1T cells early during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghan E. Cansler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Megan D. Null
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rowan B. Duncan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jeffrey Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christina Lancioni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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4
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Narayanan GA, McLaren JE, Meermeier EW, Ladell K, Swarbrick GM, Price DA, Tran JG, Worley AH, Vogt T, Wong EB, Lewinsohn DM. The MAIT TCRβ chain contributes to discrimination of microbial ligand. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:770-781. [PMID: 32568415 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are key players in the immune response against microbial infection. The MAIT T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a diverse array of microbial ligands, and recent reports have highlighted the variability in the MAIT TCR that could further contribute to discrimination of ligand. The MAIT TCR complementarity determining region (CDR)3β sequence displays a high level of diversity across individuals, and clonotype usage appears to be dependent on antigenic exposure. To address the relationship between the MAIT TCR and microbial ligand, we utilized a previously defined panel of MAIT cell clones that demonstrated variability in responses against different microbial infections. Sequencing of these clones revealed four pairs, each with shared (identical) CDR3α and different CDR3β sequences. These pairs demonstrated varied responses against microbially infected dendritic cells as well as against 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil, a ligand abundant in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting that the CDR3β contributes to differences in ligand discrimination. Taken together, these results highlight a key role for the MAIT CDR3β region in distinguishing between MR1-bound antigens and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali A Narayanan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Todd Vogt
- VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
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5
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Lancioni C, Swarbrick GM, Park B, Nyendak M, Nsereko M, Mayanja-Kizza H, Null MD, Cansler ME, Duncan RB, Baseke J, Chervenak K, Malone L, Heaphy EG, Boom WH, Lewinsohn DM, Lewinsohn DA. Recognition of CD8 + T-cell epitopes to identify adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.02053-2018. [PMID: 30923183 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02053-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lancioni
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University/ Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Dept of Biostatistics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melissa Nyendak
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Megan D Null
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Meghan E Cansler
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rowan B Duncan
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joy Baseke
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keith Chervenak
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - LaShaunda Malone
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emily G Heaphy
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University/ Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.,Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Dept of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript
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6
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McMurtrey C, Harriff MJ, Swarbrick GM, Duncan A, Cansler M, Null M, Bardet W, Jackson KW, Lewinsohn DA, Hildebrand W, Lewinsohn DM. T cell recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptides presented by HLA-E derived from infected human cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188288. [PMID: 29176828 PMCID: PMC5703486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-E is a non-conventional MHC Class I molecule that has been recently demonstrated to present pathogen-derived ligands, resulting in the TCR-dependent activation of αβ CD8+ T cells. The goal of this study was to characterize the ligandome displayed by HLA-E following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using an in-depth mass spectrometry approach. Here we identified 28 Mtb ligands derived from 13 different source proteins, including the Esx family of proteins. When tested for activity with CD8+ T cells isolated from sixteen donors, nine of the ligands elicited an IFN-γ response from at least one donor, with fourteen of 16 donors responding to the Rv0634A19-29 peptide. Further evaluation of this immunodominant peptide response confirmed HLA-E restriction and the presence of Rv0634A19-29-reactive CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of human donors. The identification of an Mtb HLA-E ligand that is commonly recognized may provide a target for a non-traditional vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Harriff
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Amanda Duncan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Megan Null
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Wilfried Bardet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - William Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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7
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Gold MC, McLaren JE, Reistetter JA, Smyk-Pearson S, Ladell K, Swarbrick GM, Yu YYL, Hansen TH, Lund O, Nielsen M, Gerritsen B, Kesmir C, Miles JJ, Lewinsohn DA, Price DA, Lewinsohn DM. MR1-restricted MAIT cells display ligand discrimination and pathogen selectivity through distinct T cell receptor usage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1601-10. [PMID: 25049333 PMCID: PMC4113934 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAIT cells can discriminate between pathogen-derived ligands in a clonotype-dependent manner, and the TCR repertoire is distinct within individuals, indicating that the MAIT cell repertoire is shaped by prior microbial exposure. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that detects microbial metabolites presented by the nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–like molecule MR1. The highly conserved nature of MR1 in conjunction with biased MAIT TCRα chain usage is widely thought to indicate limited ligand presentation and discrimination within a pattern-like recognition system. Here, we evaluated the TCR repertoire of MAIT cells responsive to three classes of microbes. Substantial diversity and heterogeneity were apparent across the functional MAIT cell repertoire as a whole, especially for TCRβ chain sequences. Moreover, different pathogen-specific responses were characterized by distinct TCR usage, both between and within individuals, suggesting that MAIT cell adaptation was a direct consequence of exposure to various exogenous MR1-restricted epitopes. In line with this interpretation, MAIT cell clones with distinct TCRs responded differentially to a riboflavin metabolite. These results suggest that MAIT cells can discriminate between pathogen-derived ligands in a clonotype-dependent manner, providing a basis for adaptive memory via recruitment of specific repertoires shaped by microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C Gold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Joseph A Reistetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Sue Smyk-Pearson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Yik Y L Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ted H Hansen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ole Lund
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bram Gerritsen
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Can Kesmir
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John J Miles
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
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8
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Lewinsohn DM, Swarbrick GM, Cansler ME, Null MD, Rajaraman V, Frieder MM, Sherman DR, McWeeney S, Lewinsohn DA. Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD8 T Cell Antigens/Epitopes Identified by a Proteomic Peptide Library. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67016. [PMID: 23805289 PMCID: PMC3689843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of CD8+ T cell antigens/epitopes expressed by human pathogens with large genomes is especially challenging, yet necessary for vaccine development. Immunity to tuberculosis, a leading cause of mortality worldwide, requires CD8+ T cell immunity, yet the repertoire of CD8 antigens/epitopes remains undefined. We used integrated computational and proteomic approaches to screen 10% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteome for CD8 Mtb antigens. We designed a weighting schema based upon a Multiple Attribute Decision Making:framework to select 10% of the Mtb proteome with a high probability of containing CD8+ T cell epitopes. We created a synthetic peptide library consisting of 15-mers overlapping by 11 aa. Using the interferon-γ ELISPOT assay and Mtb-infected dendritic cells as antigen presenting cells, we screened Mtb-specific CD8+ T cell clones restricted by classical MHC class I molecules (MHC class Ia molecules), that were isolated from Mtb-infected humans, against this library. Three novel CD8 antigens were unambiguously identified: the EsxJ family (Rv1038c, Rv1197, Rv3620c, Rv2347c, Rv1792), PE9 (Rv1088), and PE_PGRS42 (Rv2487c). The epitopes are B5701-restricted EsxJ24–34, B3905-restricted PE953–67, and B3514-restricted PE_PGRS4248–56, respectively. The utility of peptide libraries in identifying unknown epitopes recognized by classically restricted CD8+ T cells was confirmed, which can be applied to other intracellular pathogens with large size genomes. In addition, we identified three novel Mtb epitopes/antigens that may be evaluated for inclusion in vaccines and/or diagnostics for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Meghan E. Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan D. Null
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Veena Rajaraman
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
- Oregon Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marisa M. Frieder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Shannon McWeeney
- Oregon Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
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9
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Gold MC, Eid T, Smyk-Pearson S, Eberling Y, Swarbrick GM, Langley SM, Streeter PR, Lewinsohn DA, Lewinsohn DM. Human thymic MR1-restricted MAIT cells are innate pathogen-reactive effectors that adapt following thymic egress. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:35-44. [PMID: 22692454 PMCID: PMC3443511 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express the semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα7.2 and are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex-Ib molecule MR1. While MAIT cells share similarities with other innate T cells, the extent to which MAIT cells are innate and their capacity to adapt is unknown. We evaluated the function of Vα7.2(+) T cells from the thymus, cord blood, and peripheral blood. Although antigen-inexperienced MAIT cells displayed a naïve phenotype, these had intrinsic effector capacity in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells. Vα7.2(+) effector thymocytes contained signal joint TCR gene excision circles (sjTRECs) suggesting limited replication and thymic origin. In evaluating the capacity of Mtb-reactive MAIT cells to adapt, we found that those from the peripheral blood demonstrated a memory phenotype and had undergone substantial expansion, suggesting that they responded to antigenic stimulation. MAIT cells, an evolutionarily conserved T-cell subset that detects a variety of intracellular infections, share features of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C. Gold
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A,Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Tarek Eid
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Sue Smyk-Pearson
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Yvonne Eberling
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Pediatrics Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Stephen M. Langley
- Doernbecher Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Portland, Oregon, 97239, U.S.A
| | - Philip R. Streeter
- Pediatrics Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Pediatrics Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A,Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A
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10
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Gold MC, Cerri S, Smyk-Pearson S, Cansler ME, Vogt TM, Delepine J, Winata E, Swarbrick GM, Chua WJ, Yu YYL, Lantz O, Cook MS, Null MD, Jacoby DB, Harriff MJ, Lewinsohn DA, Hansen TH, Lewinsohn DM. Human mucosal associated invariant T cells detect bacterially infected cells. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000407. [PMID: 20613858 PMCID: PMC2893946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A first indication of the biological role of mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells reveals that this discrete T cell subset is broadly reactive to bacterial infection. In particular MAIT cells recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lung airway epithelial cells via the most evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility molecule. Control of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires Th1-type immunity, of which CD8+ T cells play a unique role. High frequency Mtb-reactive CD8+ T cells are present in both Mtb-infected and uninfected humans. We show by limiting dilution analysis that nonclassically restricted CD8+ T cells are universally present, but predominate in Mtb-uninfected individuals. Interestingly, these Mtb-reactive cells expressed the Vα7.2 T-cell receptor (TCR), were restricted by the nonclassical MHC (HLA-Ib) molecule MR1, and were activated in a transporter associated with antigen processing and presentation (TAP) independent manner. These properties are all characteristics of mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT), an “innate” T-cell population of previously unknown function. These MAIT cells also detect cells infected with other bacteria. Direct ex vivo analysis demonstrates that Mtb-reactive MAIT cells are decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with active tuberculosis, are enriched in human lung, and respond to Mtb-infected MR1-expressing lung epithelial cells. Overall, these findings suggest a generalized role for MAIT cells in the detection of bacterially infected cells, and potentially in the control of bacterial infection. About one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), yet thanks to a robust immune response most infected people remain healthy. CD8 T cells are unique in detecting intracellular infections. Surprisingly, Mtb-reactive CD8 T cells are found in humans with no prior exposure to Mtb. We show that mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which have no previously known in vivo function, make up a proportion of these Mtb-reactive CD8 T cells and detect Mtb-infected cells via a specific major histocompatibility molecule called MHC-related molecule 1, which is evolutionarily conserved among mammals. Mtb-reactive MAIT cells are enriched in lung and detect primary Mtb-infected lung epithelial cells from the airway where initial exposure to Mtb occurs. We go on to show that MAIT cells are not specific for Mtb since they can detect cells infected with a variety of other bacteria. Curiously, Mtb-reactive MAIT cells are absent in the blood of individuals with active tuberculosis. We postulate that MAIT cells are innate detectors of bacterial infection poised to play a role in control of intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C. Gold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCG), (DML)
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Susan Smyk-Pearson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jacob Delepine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ervina Winata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Wei-Jen Chua
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yik Y. L. Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Unité, Inserm 932, Institut Curie Paris, France
| | - Matthew S. Cook
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Megan D. Null
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David B. Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Harriff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ted H. Hansen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCG), (DML)
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11
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Lewinsohn DA, Winata E, Swarbrick GM, Tanner KE, Cook MS, Null MD, Cansler ME, Sette A, Sidney J, Lewinsohn DM. Immunodominant tuberculosis CD8 antigens preferentially restricted by HLA-B. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:1240-9. [PMID: 17892322 PMCID: PMC2323292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are essential for host defense to intracellular bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Salmonella species, and Listeria monocytogenes, yet the repertoire and dominance pattern of human CD8 antigens for these pathogens remains poorly characterized. Tuberculosis (TB), the disease caused by Mtb infection, remains one of the leading causes of infectious morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the most frequent opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, we undertook this study to define immunodominant CD8 Mtb antigens. First, using IFN-gamma ELISPOT and synthetic peptide arrays as a source of antigen, we measured ex vivo frequencies of CD8(+) T cells recognizing known immunodominant CD4(+) T cell antigens in persons with latent tuberculosis infection. In addition, limiting dilution was used to generate panels of Mtb-specific T cell clones. Using the peptide arrays, we identified the antigenic specificity of the majority of T cell clones, defining several new epitopes. In all cases, peptide representing the minimal epitope bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricting allele with high affinity, and in all but one case the restricting allele was an HLA-B allele. Furthermore, individuals from whom the T cell clone was isolated harbored high ex vivo frequency CD8(+) T cell responses specific for the epitope, and in individuals tested, the epitope represented the single immunodominant response within the CD8 antigen. We conclude that Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells are found in high frequency in infected individuals and are restricted predominantly by HLA-B alleles, and that synthetic peptide arrays can be used to define epitope specificities without prior bias as to MHC binding affinity. These findings provide an improved understanding of immunodominance in humans and may contribute to a development of an effective TB vaccine and improved immunodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ervina Winata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Katie E Tanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew S Cook
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Megan D Null
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Meghan E Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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12
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Gardner RG, Swarbrick GM, Bays NW, Cronin SR, Wilhovsky S, Seelig L, Kim C, Hampton RY. Endoplasmic reticulum degradation requires lumen to cytosol signaling. Transmembrane control of Hrd1p by Hrd3p. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:69-82. [PMID: 11018054 PMCID: PMC2189800 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.151.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is required for ubiquitin-mediated destruction of numerous proteins. ERAD occurs by processes on both sides of the ER membrane, including lumenal substrate scanning and cytosolic destruction by the proteasome. The ER resident membrane proteins Hrd1p and Hrd3p play central roles in ERAD. We show that these two proteins directly interact through the Hrd1p transmembrane domain, allowing Hrd1p stability by Hrd3p-dependent control of the Hrd1p RING-H2 domain activity. Rigorous reevaluation of Hrd1p topology demonstrated that the Hrd1p RING-H2 domain is located and functions in the cytosol. An engineered, completely lumenal, truncated version of Hrd3p functioned normally in both ERAD and Hrd1p stabilization, indicating that the lumenal domain of Hrd3p regulates the cytosolic Hrd1p RING-H2 domain by signaling through the Hrd1p transmembrane domain. Additionally, we identified a lumenal region of Hrd3p dispensable for regulation of Hrd1p stability, but absolutely required for normal ERAD. Our studies show that Hrd1p and Hrd3p form a stoichiometric complex with ERAD determinants in both the lumen and the cytosol. The HRD complex engages in lumen to cytosol communication required for regulation of Hrd1p stability and the coordination of ERAD events on both sides of the ER membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Gardner
- Division of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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