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Rhim H, Kim M, Gim S, Han JI. Diagnostic value of serum amyloid A in differentiating the inflammatory disorders in wild birds. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1284113. [PMID: 38379926 PMCID: PMC10876875 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1284113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rescued wild birds have very high rates of inflammatory diseases; however, there have been limitations in assessing them sensitively. Few studies have examined acute-phase proteins in wild birds. In this study, serum amyloid A (SAA) was evaluated as an inflammatory indicator along with traditional indices such as white blood cell count, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio. In total, 291 samples from 139 birds of six avian species were analyzed. All samples were divided into four groups (severe, moderate, mild injuries, and clinically healthy) based on clinical examinations and evaluated by group. SAA levels were measured using an anti-chicken SAA ELISA kit and compared with leukocyte counts, albumin concentrations, and albumin/globulin ratios. Differences among groups were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a post hoc test using Dunn's multiple comparisons with SPSS V27. Statistical significance was set at a value of p of <0.05. The median concentration and interquartile range (ng/mL) of SAA in each group were 78.10 ng/mL (50.71-109.30), 31.15 ng/mL (19.85-49.24), 9.68 ng/mL (4.71-22.06), and 3.10 ng/mL (1.50-6.00). We observed a significant difference in the mean levels between the groups (p < 0.001), with the same results observed across species. All four indices showed significant differences in mean values between the groups (p < 0.001). In addition, SAA showed rapid changes in periodically collected samples, reflecting either a positive treatment response or the onset of subclinical diseases. SAA can be used to detect inflammatory conditions and asymptomatic disease in wild birds and is helpful in accurately identifying current health status, which is essential for successful treatment and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsu Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Gim
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Bae J, Oh B, Rhim H, Yang MS, Yang S, Kim B, Han JI. Surveillance of wild animals carrying infectious agents based on high-throughput screening platform in the Republic of Korea. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:158. [PMID: 37710323 PMCID: PMC10500733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases transmitted by wild animals are major threats to public health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of rescued wild animals that died of unknown causes as reservoirs of infectious agents. From 2018 to 2019, 121 dead wild animals (55 birds and 66 mammals) were included in this study. All wild animals died during treatment after anthropogenic events. After deaths of animals, necropsies were performed and trachea, lungs, large intestine (including stool), and spleen were collected to determine causes of deaths. A high-throughput screening (HTS) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) designed to detect 19 pathogens simultaneously against 48 samples in duplicate was performed using nucleic acids extracted from pooled tissues and peripheral blood samples. If positive, singleplex real-time PCR was performed for individual organs or blood samples. RESULTS The HTS qPCR showed positive results for Campylobacter jejuni (10/121, 8.3%), Campylobacter coli (1/121, 0.8%), Mycoplasma spp. (78/121, 64.5%), and Plasmodium spp. (7/121, 5.7%). Singleplex real-time PCR confirmed that C. jejuni was detected in the large intestine but not in the blood. C. coli was only detected in the large intestine. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in all organs, having the highest proportion in the large intestine and lowest in the blood. Plasmodium spp. was also detected in all organs, with proportions being were similar among organs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that wild animals can become carriers of infectious agents without showing any clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Bae
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyeong Yang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Rhim H, Jung S, Kim N, Han JI. Application of topical rocuronium bromide dosing by ocular size in four species of wild birds. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e59. [PMID: 37532302 PMCID: PMC10404711 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rocuronium bromide has been evaluated as a mydriatic agent in birds, but the species applied were limited and the dose and effect were variable. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical rocuronium bromide as mydriatics in 4 species according to horizontal palpebral fissure length: Feral pigeon (Columba livia), Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Northern boobook (Ninox japonica), and Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). METHODS A total of 32 birds (8 for each species) were included as pre-releasing examination. Rocuronium bromide was instilled in one randomly selected eye of each bird based on palpebral fissure length criteria (0.5 mg/50 µL for pigeons, 1 mg/100 µL for kestrels and boobook owls, and 2 mg/200 µL for eagle owls). The contralateral eye was used as control and treated with normal saline. After instillation of the drug, pupil diameter, pupillary light reflex, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were evaluated at 10 min intervals up to 180 min and at 30 min intervals up to 360 min. RESULTS Statistically significant mydriasis was obtained in all birds (p < 0.001). However, in boobook and eagle owls, marked mydriasis persisted until 360 min. Side effects including corneal erosion and lower eyelid paralysis were common, which was observed in 26/32 birds. Blepharospasm was also noted during this study. No systemic adverse signs were observed. CONCLUSIONS Rocuronium bromide could be a good mydriatics option for 4 species of birds, however, further studies are needed to find lowest effective dose to reduce drug-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Sunjun Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
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Jung S, Rhim H, Kim N, Han JI. Application of a modified nictitating membrane flap in a fledgling feral pigeon (Columba livia domestica) with bullous keratopathy. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:307-311. [PMID: 35727165 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fledgling feral pigeon with systemic protozoal infection was referred with corneal protrusion in the right eye after being treated for a corneal ulcer for 12 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a corneal bulla covering almost the entire central cornea and preventing the eyelids from closing. Gelatinous corneal stroma with numerous heterophils surrounding the corneal bulla was also detected on cytologic examination. Bullous keratopathy and melting keratitis in the right eye were diagnosed. Temporary tarsorrhaphy with topical eye drops was prescribed for a week; however, the bulla persisted. A modified nictitating membrane flap was created under general anesthesia and maintained for 2 weeks. The corneal bulla resolved, and corneal thickness was restored. The pigeon was presented again with recurrence of the corneal bulla in the right eye after 45 days. Alternative surgical options were recommended; however, the pigeon was euthanized because the protozoa-induced intra-oral and intra-aural masses caused malformation of the beaks, which made voluntary feeding impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Namsoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
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Rhim H, Kim H, Bae J, Han JI. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:437-439. [PMID: 31833313 DOI: 10.1647/2018-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongcheul Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Bae
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Hwang J, Kim J, Lee J, Kim HC, Rhim H, Han JI. Biofilm production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from rescued wild animals in the Republic of Korea. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:50. [PMID: 31651349 PMCID: PMC6814046 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm production is a well-known causative factor of catheter- and medical device-related sepsis. Its high prevalence in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) has recently been reported. Information on biofilm production in CoNS isolated from wild animals is lacking. Herein, we studied the biofilm formation capabilities of CoNS isolated from rescued wild animals in the Republic of Korea. Swab samples were collected from the conjunctiva, nasal cavity, perianal area, and rectum for mammals while the sampling was done from the conjunctiva, oral mucosa, pericloacal area, and cloaca for birds. Isolation of CoNS was based on morphological and biochemical analyses along with molecular typing. Biofilm production was analyzed using 96-well plate based quantitative adherence assays. The studies demonstrated that CoNS of mammalian origin have higher biofilm-producing ability (70.4%) than the isolates from birds (62.5%). In particular, all methicillin-resistant (MR) CoNS isolated from mammals were capable of biofilm formation while only 63.3% of MR CoNS isolated from birds could produce biofilms. The MR CoNS isolated from mammals also had a significantly higher ability to form biofilms (100%) than methicillin susceptible CoNS (60.0%) than those isolates from birds. The findings show that wild animals may act as reservoirs as well as possible transmitters of biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistant genes.
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Abstract
A wild adult Eurasian scops owl (Otus scops), which was unable to fly, was rescued. Physical examination revealed a sticky exudate around the glottis. Heterophilic leukocytosis was identified through complete blood count, and radiography revealed a marked elevated density of posterior air sacs and inner cavities in both sides of the humerus and femur. Fungal cultures of samples taken from the owl suggested a respiratory fungal infection. Through molecular typing, the fungus was identified as Epicoccum nigrum. The owl was treated with oral itraconazole and broad-spectrum antibiotics. After one month, the inner cavities of pneumatic bones were slightly distinguishable by radiography and the owl started to fly well. Two months later, the air sac and all pneumatic bones displayed normal appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Yang D, Yang MS, Rhim H, Han JI, Oem JK, Kim YH, Lee KK, Lim CW, Kim B. Analysis of Five Arboviruses and Culicoides Distribution on Cattle Farms in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2018; 56:477-485. [PMID: 30419733 PMCID: PMC6243180 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) are transmitted by arthropods such as Culicoides biting midges and cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital malformation in ruminants, apparently leading to economic losses to farmers. To monitor the distribution of Culicoides and to determine their relationship with different environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and altitude of the farms) on 5 cattle farms, Culicoides were collected during summer season (May-September) in 2016 and 2017, and analyzed for identification of species and detection of arboviruses. About 35% of the Culicoides were collected in July and the collection rate increased with increase in temperature and humidity. The higher altitude where the farms were located, the more Culicoides were collected on inside than outside. In antigen test of Culicoides against 5 arboviruses, only Chuzan virus (CHUV) (2.63%) was detected in 2016. The Akabane virus (AKAV), CHUV, Ibaraki virus and Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) had a positive rate of less than 1.8% in 2017. In antigen test of bovine whole blood, AKAV (12.96%) and BEFV (0.96%) were positive in only one of the farms. As a result of serum neutralization test, antibodies against AKAV were generally measured in all the farms. These results suggest that vaccination before the season in which the Culicoides are active is probably best to prevent arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daram Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Chae-Woong Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
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Abstract
Background: High prevalence of methicillin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius obtained from dogs was reported in Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. However, no information on genetic lineage and clonal spread is currently available. Objective: The aim is to identify the genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant or -susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MRSP and MSSP, respectively) from healthy dogs. Animals and methods: From 119 healthy dogs, 29 isolates consisting of 20 MRSP and 9 MSSP were collected from June 2013 to February 2014. Phenotypic features, antibiogram, multilocus sequence type (MLST), Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and spa gene type were analyzed. Results: MLST showed 24 sequence types (STs), including 20 new STs that were genetically distinct from the previous STs in other geographic areas. SCCmec typing revealed that all isolates had SCCmec type V, a predominant type in North America. spa gene typing was successful in only 13 isolates (10 MRSP and 3 MSSP) and revealed two known types (t02 and t06), as well as one novel type (t73). Conclusion: Our cumulative data indicate the presence of various populations of S. pseudintermedius in clinically normal dogs in Seoul metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ik Han
- a Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases , College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- a Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases , College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Yang
- b Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- b Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Min JH, Kang TW, Cha DI, Song KD, Lee MW, Rhim H, Sinn DH, Kim JM, Sohn I. Radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for multiple HCCs meeting the Milan criteria: propensity score analyses of 10-year therapeutic outcomes. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:676.e15-676.e24. [PMID: 29709236 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the long-term therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus surgical resection (SR) as a first-line treatment for patients meeting the Milan criteria with multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Between January 2004 and December 2009, among 3,441 patients with treatment-naive HCCs, 88 patients meeting the Milan criteria with multiple HCCs (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] A stage) who underwent either RFA (n=62) or SR (n=26) were included. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared by using propensity score matching. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed for assess the prognostic factor. RESULTS Matching yielded 20 matched pairs of patients. In the two matched groups, the RFS rates were 30% and 30% at 5- and 10-years, respectively, in the RFA group and 60% and 48.6% in the SR group (p=0.054). The corresponding OS rates were 63.3% and 46.1% in the RFA group and 100% and 73.6% in the SR group, respectively (p=0.061). In multivariate analysis, treatment type was independently associated with RFS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.51; p=0.043) whereas it was not a statistically significant factor for OS (HR=0.50; p=0.088). CONCLUSION In patients meeting the Milan criteria with multiple HCCs (BCLC A stage), SR may provide better RFS compared to RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Min
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - D I Cha
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Sinn
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Sohn
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SS, Kang TW, Song KD, Cho SK, Lee MW, Rhim H, Sinn DH, Jung SH. Radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolisation as first-line treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma or isolated intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in transplanted livers. Clin Radiol 2016; 72:141-149. [PMID: 27742104 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) as a first-line treatment for isolated intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (IIR-HCC) after liver transplantation (LT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Between January 2005 and January 2015, 588 consecutive patients underwent LT for the treatment of HCC. Among them, 27 patients with IIR-HCCs after LT who were treated with RFA (n=6) or TACE (n=21) as a first-line treatment were retrospectively included in this study. Disease-free and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors affecting these outcomes were assessed with Cox regression models. RESULTS Except for the total number of recurrent tumours and time-to-tumour recurrence after LT, baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. The 2-year disease-free survival rates for RFA and TACE (20% versus 14%, respectively; p=0.180) and 4-year overall survival rates (33% versus 25%, respectively; p=0.065) were not significantly different between groups. In addition, the types of treatment were not associated with disease-free or overall survival in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION TACE may be an effective treatment comparable to RFA in patients with IIR-HCC after LT when RFA is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Kang
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K D Song
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Cho
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Rhim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Sinn
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Jung
- Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan Univeristy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Boumaiza I, Rhim H, Omezzine A, Rejeb J, Rebhi L, Ben Rejeb N, Ben Abdelaziz A, Bouslama A. Association de l’apport alimentaire en calcium, phosphore et magnésium avec le syndrome métabolique chez des volontaires tunisiens. NUTR CLIN METAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee MS, Kim YH, Park WS, Park OK, Kwon SH, Hong KS, Rhim H, Shim I, Morita K, Wong DL, Patel PD, Lyons DM, Schatzberg AF, Her S. Temporal variability of glucocorticoid receptor activity is functionally important for the therapeutic action of fluoxetine in the hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:252-60. [PMID: 25330740 PMCID: PMC5189925 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the actions of antidepressants on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling. To resolve these inconsistencies, we used a lentiviral-based reporter system to directly monitor rat hippocampal GR activity during stress adaptation. Temporal GR activation was induced significantly by acute stress, as demonstrated by an increase in the intra-individual variability of the acute stress group compared with the variability of the non-stress group. However, the increased intra-individual variability was dampened by exposure to chronic stress, which was partly restored by fluoxetine treatment without affecting glucocorticoid secretion. Immobility in the forced-swim test was negatively correlated with the intra-individual variability, but was not correlated with the quantitative GR activity during fluoxetine therapy; this highlights the temporal variability in the neurobiological links between GR signalling and the therapeutic action of fluoxetine. Furthermore, we demonstrated sequential phosphorylation between GR (S224) and (S232) following fluoxetine treatment, showing a molecular basis for hormone-independent nuclear translocation and transcriptional enhancement. Collectively, these results suggest a neurobiological mechanism by which fluoxetine treatment confers resilience to the chronic stress-mediated attenuation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Lee
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Y-H Kim
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - W-S Park
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - O-K Park
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - S-H Kwon
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - K S Hong
- Division of MR Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon, South Korea
| | - H Rhim
- Neuroscience Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - I Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Centre, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Morita
- Department of Nursing, Shikoku University, School of Health Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - D L Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - P D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical Centre, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D M Lyons
- Departments of Psychiatry, Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A F Schatzberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Her
- Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea,Bio-Imaging Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, 192-1 Hyoja 2-Dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, South Korea. E-mail:
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Song KD, Lee MW, Park HJ, Cha DI, Kang TW, Lee J, Moon JY, Rhim H. Hepatic radiofrequency ablation: in vivo and ex vivo comparisons of 15-gauge (G) and 17-G internally cooled electrodes. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140497. [PMID: 25882688 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of the 15-G internally cooled electrode with that of the conventional 17-G internally cooled electrode. METHODS A total of 40 (20 for each electrode) and 20 ablation zones (10 for each electrode) were made in extracted bovine livers and in in vivo porcine livers, respectively. Technical parameters, three dimensions [long-axis diameter (Dl), vertical-axis diameter (Dv) and short-axis diameter (Ds)], volume and the circularity (Ds/Dl) of the ablation zone were compared. RESULTS The total delivered energy was higher in the 15-G group than in the 17-G group in both ex vivo and in vivo studies (8.78 ± 1.06 vs 7.70 ± 0.98 kcal, p = 0.033; 11.20 ± 1.13 vs 8.49 ± 0.35 kcal, p = 0.001, respectively). The three dimensions of the ablation zone had a tendency to be larger in the 15-G group than in the 17-G group in both studies. The ablation volume was larger in the 15-G group than in the 17-G group in both ex vivo and in vivo studies (29.61 ± 7.10 vs 23.86 ± 3.82 cm(3), p = 0.015; 10.26 ± 2.28 vs 7.79 ± 1.68 cm(3), p = 0.028, respectively). The circularity of ablation zone was not significantly different in both the studies. CONCLUSION The size of ablation zone was larger in the 15-G internally cooled electrode than in the 17-G electrode in both ex vivo and in vivo studies. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumours using 15-G electrode is useful to create larger ablation zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Song
- 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Park HJ, Lee MW, Rhim H, Cha DI, Kang TW, Lim S, Song KD, Lim HK. Percutaneous ultrasonography-guided radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas: usefulness of image fusion with three-dimensional ultrasonography. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:387-94. [PMID: 25582889 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the usefulness of fusion imaging with real-time ultrasonography (US) and three-dimensional (3D) US for the guidance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) 2-5 cm in diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study. It was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. During percutaneous RFA of HCCs, targeting was performed under conventional fusion imaging guidance, whereas monitoring and controlling were conducted under fusion with 3D US guidance. Technical success, technique effectiveness, incidence of major complications, and local tumour progression rate were evaluated. According to tumour size (small: <3 cm versus medium: 3-5 cm), the roundness indexes of the ablation zones and local tumour progression rates were compared. RESULTS There were 29 small-sized HCCs (2.5 ± 0.3 cm) and 17 medium-sized HCCs (3.4 ± 0.5 cm). All RFA procedures were performed in a single RFA session. Both the technical success and technique effectiveness rates were 100%. One patient with medium-sized HCC developed a hepatic abscess (n = 1) as a major complication. The local tumour progression rate was 8.7% (4/46) with a mean follow-up period of 18.2 months. The roundness indexes of the ablation zone were not significantly different between small- and medium-sized HCCs, and the local tumour progression rates were also not significantly different between the two groups [3.4% (1/29) versus 17.6% (3/17); p = 0.135]. CONCLUSION Image fusion with real-time US and 3D US is useful for the guidance of percutaneous RFA for HCCs 2-5 cm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D I Cha
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Park HJ, Lee MW, Song KD, Cha DI, Rhim H, Kang TW, Lim S, Lim HK. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas between internally cooled 15-G and 17-G single electrodes. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130534. [PMID: 24646182 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ablation volume, local tumour progression rate and complication rate of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using 15-G and 17-G single electrodes. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. We reviewed percutaneous RFA cases for HCCs using 15-G or 17-G electrodes without multiple overlapping ablations. A total of 36 pairs of HCCs matched according to tumour size and active tip length were included. We compared ablation volume and complication rate between the two electrode groups. Cumulative local tumour progression rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS Tumour size and ablation time were not significantly different between the 15-G and 17-G groups (p50.661 and p50.793, respectively). However, ablation volume in the 15-G electrode group was larger than that in the 17-G group (14.465.4cm3 vs 8.762.5cm3; p,0.001). No statistical difference in complication rates between the two electrode groups was found. The 10- and 20-month local tumour progression rates were not significantly different between the two groups (2.8% and 5.6% vs 11.1% and 19.3%; p50.166). CONCLUSION Ablation volume by the 15-G electrode was larger than that by the 17-G electrode. However, local tumour progression rate and complication rate were not significantly different between the two electrode groups. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE RFA of HCC using a 15-G electrode is useful to create larger ablation volumes than a 17-G electrode.
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Kang TW, Lee MW, Hye MJ, Song KD, Lim S, Rhim H, Lim HK, Cha DI. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumours: factors affecting technical failure of artificial ascites formation using an angiosheath. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:1249-58. [PMID: 25149600 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the technical feasibility of artificial ascites formation using an angiosheath before percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatic tumours and to determine predictive factors affecting the technical failure of artificial ascites formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. One hundred and thirteen patients underwent percutaneous RFA of hepatic tumours after trying to make artificial ascites using an angiosheath to avoid collateral thermal damage. The technical success rate of making artificial ascites using an angiosheath and conversion rate to other techniques after initial failure of making artificial ascites were evaluated. The technical success rate for RFA was assessed. In addition, potential factors associated with technical failure including previous history of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or RFA, type of abdominal surgery, and adjacent perihepatic structures were reviewed. Predictive factors for the technical failure of artificial ascites formation were analysed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS The technical success rates of artificial ascites formation by angiosheath and that of RFA were 84.1% (95/113) and 97.3% (110/113), respectively. The conversion rate to other techniques after the failure of artificial ascites formation using an angiosheath was 15.9% (18/113). Previous hepatic resection was the sole independent predictive factor affecting the technical failure of artificial ascites formation (p<0.001, odds ratio = 29.03, 95% confidence interval: 4.56-184.69). CONCLUSION Making artificial ascites for RFA of hepatic tumours using an angiosheath was technically feasible in most cases. However, history of hepatic resection was a significant predictive factor affecting the technical failure of artificial ascites formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M J Hye
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D I Cha
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Min J, Lee M, Rhim H, Cha D, Lim S, Choi SY, Lim H. Local tumour progression after loco-regional therapy of hepatocellular carcinomas: Value of fusion imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:286-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Hwang J, Kim YK, Choi D, Rhim H, Lee WJ, Hong SS, Kim HJ, Chang YW. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for T-staging of gallbladder carcinoma: emphasis on liver invasion. Br J Radiol 2013; 87:20130608. [PMID: 24288397 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with an emphasis on the usefulness of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in T-staging of gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS 66 patients with surgically confirmed gallbladder carcinoma underwent MRI. Two radiologists independently reviewed two sets of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI without and with the HBP. Local tumour spread was evaluated according to T-staging, and the results were compared with pathological findings. The diagnostic performance of two image sets to differentiate each T-stage was compared. RESULTS The sensitivities of MRI with the HBP to differentiate T1 vs ≥ T2 lesions, ≤ T2 vs ≥ T3 lesions and ≤ T3 vs T4 lesions were 96.3%, 85.7% and 100% for Observer 1 and 92.6%, 95.2% and 100% for Observer 2, respectively (p<0.0001). By adding the HBP, the sensitivities to differentiate ≤ T2 vs ≥ T3 lesions were increased from 66.7% to 85.7% for Observer 1 and from 81.0% to 95.2% for Observer 2, although there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The overall accuracies for T-staging were increased from 80.3% to 86.4% for Observer 1, a statistically significant degree (p=0.046), and from 83.8% to 87.9% for Observer 2 (p>0.05). The k-value for the two observers indicated excellent agreement. CONCLUSION Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI provided acceptable diagnostic performance for T-staging of gallbladder carcinoma. Addition of the HBP aids in the detection of liver invasion. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE In the T-staging of gallbladder carcinoma, gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with the HBP may enhance detection of liver invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kang TW, Lim HK, Lee MW, Kim YS, Choi D, Rhim H. First-line radiofrequency ablation with or without artificial ascites for hepatocellular carcinomas in a subcapsular location: local control rate and risk of peritoneal seeding at long-term follow-up. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:e641-51. [PMID: 23973161 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the long-term local control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and risk of peritoneal seeding via percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using artificial ascites with those of RFA without artificial ascites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study. From April 2005 to February 2008, 160 patients (121 men, 39 women; age range 36-79 years) with a single subcapsular HCC (mean size 2.19 cm) were treated with ultrasonography-guided percutaneous RFA as a first-line therapy. Forty-four patients were treated with RFA using artificial ascites, whereas the other 116 patients were treated without artificial ascites. The cumulative local tumour progression (LTP) and peritoneal seeding were compared in both groups using follow-up computed tomography (CT). Cumulative LTP rates were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Risk of peritoneal seeding was investigated by means of multivariate analysis. RESULTS The overall median follow-up period was 52.5 months (range 13-76 months). The 1, 2, 4, and 6 year cumulative LTP rates were 17.1, 27.6, 35.2, and 35.2%, respectively, in the group with artificial ascites, and 8, 15.2, 26.6, and 34.4% in the group without artificial ascites, without significant difference (p = 0.332). The rates of peritoneal seeding were 6.8% (3/44) in the group with artificial ascites and 2.6% (3/116) in the group without artificial ascites, a non-significant difference (p = 0.347). The biopsy prior to RFA was the independent risk factor of peritoneal seeding regardless of the use of artificial ascites. CONCLUSION Long-term local tumour control and risk of peritoneal seeding were comparable for RFA with or without artificial ascites when used as a first-line therapy for subcapsular HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Panngom K, Baik KY, Nam MK, Han JH, Rhim H, Choi EH. Preferential killing of human lung cancer cell lines with mitochondrial dysfunction by nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e642. [PMID: 23703387 PMCID: PMC3674375 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The distinctive cellular and mitochondrial dysfunctions of two human lung cancer cell lines (H460 and HCC1588) from two human lung normal cell lines (MRC5 and L132) have been studied by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment. This cytotoxicity is exposure time-dependent, which is strongly mediated by the large amount of H2O2 and NOx in culture media generated by DBD nonthermal plasma. It is found that the cell number of lung cancer cells has been reduced more than that of the lung normal cells. The mitochondrial vulnerability to reactive species in H460 may induce distinctively selective responses. Differential mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction, and mitochondrial morphological alteration are exhibited in two cell lines. These results suggest the nonthermal plasma treatment as an efficacious modality in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Panngom
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cho S, Shin S, Choo S, Park K, Park H, Do Y, Choo I, Oh J, Rhim H, Kim Y, Lee M. Abstract No. 19: Single-session combined transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinomas. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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24
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Song I, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Choi JY, Kim MJ, Rhim H. Value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of viable tumour after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: comparison with T2 weighted and PET/CT imaging. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:577-86. [PMID: 21343320 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/68424021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in combination with T(2) weighted imaging (T2WI) compared with T2WI alone or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for detecting viable tumour after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS 50 consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (≥T3 or lymph node positive) who underwent neoadjuvant CRT and subsequent surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent 3.0 T rectal MRI and PET/CT after completing CRT. For qualitative analysis, two radiologists independently reviewed T2WI alone and DWI with T2WI over a 1-month interval. One nuclear medicine physician reviewed PET/CT images using a five-point scale. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting viable tumour were assessed. For quantitative analysis, the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the lesions were measured and compared between the viable tumour group and non-viable tumour groups. RESULTS For detecting viable tumours, DWI with T2WI improved diagnostic accuracies (Reviewer 1 detected 90%; Reviewer 2, 86%) over T2WI alone (Reviewer 1 detected 76%, p=0.5; Reviewer 2, 64%, p=0.013) or PET/CT (48%, p<0.001). The sensitivity of DWI with T2WI (Reviewer 1 detected 98%; Reviewer 2, 91%) was significantly higher than those of T2WI alone (Reviewer 1 detected 77%; Reviewer 2, 64%) or PET-CT (43%, p<0.05). Only for Reviewer 2 was the NPV of DWI with T2WI (43%) significantly different from that of PET/CT (17%, p<0.05). The specificities and PPVs of DWI with T2WI were not improved over those of T2WI alone or of PET/CT (both p>0.05). The mean ADC of the viable tumour group (0.93 × 10(-3) mm(2) sc(-1)) was significantly lower than that of the non-viable tumour group (1.55 × 10(-3) mm(2) sc(-1), p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Adding DWI to T2WI is helpful for detecting viable tumours after neoadjuvant CRT compared with T2WI alone or PET/CT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Song
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medicine Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Choi K, Song C, Cheong C, Rhim H. Pharmacological studies of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels using automated patch-clamp techniques. Gen Physiol Biophys 2011; 30:100-5. [DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2011_01_100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cho YK, Kim Y, Rhim H. Pitfalls in the radiological and pathological correlation of tumour response rates of hepatocellular carcinoma following radiofrequency ablation. J Clin Pathol 2010; 62:1071-3. [PMID: 19946093 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In most studies, the initial complete tumour response rates of small HCCs < or =3 cm following RFA have been reported as more than 90% or 95%, and local tumour progression rates have been reported as approximately 10% or 20%. Notwithstanding these promising clinical outcomes, the complete tumour response rates for HCC following RFA as determined by conventional histopathological diagnostic criteria have been reported to be less than 50% in many recent reports. While considering that most cases of local tumour progression of HCC are known to occur within two years following RFA, it may not be reasonable to assume that clinical and radiological examinations have significantly overestimated the tumour response rates. On the contrary, it is likely that the conventional histopathological examination techniques may have underestimated the tumour response rates. The apparent discrepancy between the histopathological and the radiological tumour response of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas can be attributed to several histological features, such as thermal fixation or apoptosis, that were not included in the conventional histopathological diagnostic criteria. However, a robust conclusion cannot be derived because of lack of adequate controlled studies, and further well designed prospective multicentre trials will be helpful to solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Veterans Hospital, 134-060, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
The field of image-guided tumour ablation has gained great attention from Asian physicians because it represents a safe and effective technique for many commonly seen tumours in this population, showing minimal morbidity and excellent local control rates. Based on the current survey data from Asian physicians who are currently performing image-guided tumour ablation, thermal ablation has been mainly performed for patients with unresectable liver tumours. Radiofrequency ablation has replaced many other local ablation techniques such as microwave or ethanol ablation in treating small focal hepatic tumours for the last 5 years. Surgery and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization also have a unique role as curative and palliative treatment options for patients with more extensive tumour burden. Although radiofrequency ablation represents a paradigm shift in local therapy, more sophisticated strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy are necessary and more randomized and controlled investigations to estimate its clinical benefit are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rhim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Sungdong-Gu, Seoul 133-792, Korea.
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Woo D, Choe B, Kim B, Jung S, Park H, Rhim H, Jahng G. SU-FF-I-85: Development of a Cone-Shape Phantom for Multi-Voxel MR Spectroscopy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Jeon D, Kim C, Yang YM, Rhim H, Yim E, Oh U, Shin HS. Impaired long-term memory and long-term potentiation in N-type Ca2+ channel-deficient mice. Genes Brain Behav 2006; 6:375-88. [PMID: 16939638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent N-type Ca(2+) channels, along with the P/Q-type, have a crucial role in controlling the release of neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at presynaptic terminals. However, their role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory has never been examined. Here, we investigated hippocampus-dependent learning and memory and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses in mice deficient for the alpha(1B) subunit of N-type Ca(2+) channels. The mutant mice exhibited impaired learning and memory in the Morris water maze and the social transmission of food preference tasks. In particular, long-term memory was impaired in the mutant mice. Interestingly, among activity-dependent long-lasting synaptic changes, theta burst- or 200-Hz-stimulation-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) was decreased in the mutant, compared with the wild-type mice. This type of LTP is known to require brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was found that both BDNF-induced potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and facilitation of the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were reduced in the mutant. Taken together, these results demonstrate that N-type Ca(2+) channels are required for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, and certain forms of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jeon
- Center for Neural Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Radiofrequency thermal ablation has been accepted as a promising technique to treat unresectable liver tumors. However, any interventional procedure should be performed only if the procedure is safe, with minimal morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, three separate multicenter surveys have reported acceptable morbidity and mortality rates for a minimally invasive technique. The mortality rate ranged from 0.1% to 0.5%, the major complication rate ranged from 2.2% to 3.1%, and the minor complication rate ranged from 5% to 8.9%. The most common causes of death were sepsis and hepatic failure, and the most common complications were intraperitoneal bleeding, hepatic abscess, bile duct injury, hepatic decompensation, and grounding pad burns. Minor complications and side effects are more common than major complications, but most of them are transient and self-limiting. Several strategies for avoiding or limiting the impact of complications after radiofrequency ablation are recommended: (a) careful patient selection, (b) combined treatment with other techniques when appropriate, (c) selection of the most appropriate guiding modality and approach, and (d) early detection and appropriate management of any major complications. Knowledge of the broad spectrum of complications and relevant management enables the operator to minimize the incidence and effect of any complications that occur after radiofrequency ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rhim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Sungdong-Ku, Seoul 133-792, Korea.
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Kim SK, Rhim H, Kim YS, Koh BH, Cho OK, Seo HS, Kim Y. Radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: pitfalls and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 30:727-33. [PMID: 16252153 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-005-0304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Image-guided radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation has been accepted as a promising interventional technique to control unresectable hepatic tumors. One important key to maximize the efficacy of RF ablation is to adhere to the therapeutic guidelines and to avoid preventable pitfalls. There are also several challenges obstructing successful ablation: poor approach path; small sonic window during multiple overlapping ablations; incomplete ablation due to the heat sink effect; subcapsular mass (too exophytic or the mass is adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract); focal residual tumors; too isoechoic or small masses; and mistargeting to adjacent another lesion. Knowledge of these challenges and pitfalls in RF ablation is helpful for a successful ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri city, Gyunggi-do, Korea
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Choi JH, Ahn MJ, Rhim H, Kim JW, Lee KH, Oh HS, Lee YY, Choi IY, Kim IS. Comparison of RECIST and WHO response criteria in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Choi
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M. J. Ahn
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Rhim
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. W. Kim
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K. H. Lee
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. S. Oh
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Y. Lee
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I. Y. Choi
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I. S. Kim
- Hanyang Univ Kuri Hosp, Guri-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
A 33-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of right upper quadrant pain and was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. Abdominal computed tomography showed a whirling pattern of fatty streaks and vessels within the greater omentum, and surgery confirmed infarction of the omentum secondary to torsion. We report a case of surgically and pathologically proven omental torsion that demonstrated the typical whirling appearance on computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Kyomoon-Dong, Kuri City, Kyunggi-Do, 471-701, South Korea
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Kim SJ, Chung WH, Rhim H, Eun SY, Jung SJ, Kim J. Postsynaptic action mechanism of somatostatin on the membrane excitability in spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons of juvenile rats. Neuroscience 2003; 114:1139-48. [PMID: 12379266 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We used tight-seal, whole-cell recording in juvenile rat spinal slices to investigate the action of somatostatin on substantia gelatinosa neurons. Bath application of somatostatin caused a robust and repeatable hyperpolarization or outward current in substantia gelatinosa neurons. Somatostatin inhibited spontaneous action potentials in subpopulation of substantia gelatinosa neurons. The amplitude of dorsal root-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents were not affected by somatostatin. The current induced by somatostatin developed almost instantaneously and did not show any time-dependent inactivation. The current-voltage relationship exhibited inward rectification. The conductance of somatostatin-sensitive current increased with the concentration of external K(+). The reversal potentials in different external K(+) concentrations were close to the K(+) equilibrium potentials. The effect of somatostatin was dose-dependent, with an EC(50) of 113 nM. The somatostatin-sensitive current was blocked by low concentration of extracellular Ba(2+) but not by glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Hyperpolarization-activated cation current in a subpopulation of substantia gelatinosa neurons was not affected by somatostatin. In neurons recorded with an internal solution containing GTPgammaS, somatostatin induced outward current and hyperpolarization that did not reverse on washing. When the spontaneous induction of outward current with GTPgammaS was greatest, somatostatin did not induce any outward currents. Furthermore, intracellular dialysis of GDPbetaS, a G-protein antagonist, abolished the effect of somatostatin. In addition, SST-sensitive neurons were fewer in slices incubated with pertussis toxin than in adjacent control slices incubated without pertussis toxin. These results suggest that somatostatin decreases the postsynaptic membrane excitability of substantia gelatinosa neurons by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-mediated activation of an inwardly rectifying K(+) conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
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Lee YR, Kim Y, Koh BH, Cho OK, Rhim H, Park DW, Park HK. Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas with peritoneal metastasis and its recurrence: a case report. Abdom Imaging 2003; 28:96-8. [PMID: 12483395 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-001-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor, generally occurring as a slowly growing upper abdominal mass in a young female. With complete excision, the prognosis is good. Malignant behavior with metastasis does occur, but the incidence is very low. We report a young woman who had this neoplasm in the pancreatic tail with peritoneal seeding and its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Kuri Hospital, 249-1, Kyomoon-Dong, Kuri City, Kyunggi-Do, 471-701, South Korea
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Cha YJ, Kim HS, Rhim H, Kim BE, Jeong SW, Kim IK. Activation of caspase-8 in 3-deazaadenosine-induced apoptosis of U-937 cells occurs downstream of caspase-3 and caspase-9 without Fas receptor-ligand interaction. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:284-92. [PMID: 11795493 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Deazaadenosine (DZA), a cellular methylation blocker was reported to induce the caspase-3-like activities-dependent apoptosis in U-937 cells. In this study, we analyzed the activation pathway of the caspase cascade involved in the DZA-induced apoptosis using specific inhibitors of caspases. In the U-937 cells treated with DZA, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and subsequent activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3 were observed before the induction of apoptosis. zDEVD-Fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, and zLEHD-Fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-9, prevented the activation of caspase-8 but neither caspase-3 nor caspase-9, indicating that caspase-8 is downstream of both caspase-3 and caspase-9, which are activated by independent pathways. zVAD-Fmk, a universal inhibitor of caspases, kept the caspase-3 from being activated but not caspase-9. Moreover, ZB4, an antagonistic Fas-antibody, exerted no effect on the activation of caspase-8 and induction of apoptosis by DZA. In addition, zVAD-Fmk and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) and bongkrekic acid (BA) did not block the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Taken together, these results suggest that in the DZA-induced apoptosis, caspase-8 may serve as an executioner caspase and be activated downstream of both caspase-3 and caspase-9, independently of Fas receptor-ligand interaction. And caspase-3 seems to be activated by other caspses including IETDase-like enzyme and caspse-9 seems to be activated by cytochrome c released from mitochondria without the involvement of caspases and CsA- and BA- inhibitory MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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Rhim H, Kang HK, Kim YS, Kim Y, Koh BH, Cho OK, Hahm CK, Kim BS. Per-rectal contrast material for abdominal CT: usefulness of administration with an automatic injector. Abdom Imaging 2001; 26:591-3. [PMID: 11907722 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-001-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adequate distention of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for the best quality image in abdominal computed tomography. We introduce a new technique for per-rectal administration of contrast material with the use of an automatic injector. With this technique, more contrast material can be inserted and thus adequately distend the colon, including the proximal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rhim
- Department of Diagnositic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Rhim H, Goldberg SN, Dodd GD, Solbiati L, Lim HK, Tonolini M, Cho OK. Essential techniques for successful radio-frequency thermal ablation of malignant hepatic tumors. Radiographics 2001; 21 Spec No:S17-35; discussion S36-9. [PMID: 11598245 DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc11s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radio-frequency thermal ablation is one of the most promising minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of nonresectable hepatic tumors. Essential technical tips to successful radio-frequency ablation therapy were collected from five international experts. They were organized into five categories: understanding the mechanisms and principles of radio-frequency ablation, modulation of tissue physiologic characteristics to increase tumor destruction, strategies of overlapping ablations, strategies to improve ablation according to tumor location, and imaging strategies after ablation to ensure adequate therapy. Established factors for optimal ablation, as well as emerging technical tips, are addressed with illustrations in each section. These essential tips will be very helpful for physicians performing radio-frequency ablation of hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rhim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Sungdong-Ku, 133-792 Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
To identify proteins that interact with Huntingtin-interacting protein-2 (Hip-2), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, a yeast two-hybrid screen system was used to isolate five positive clones. Sequence analyses showed that, with one exception, all Hip-2-interacting proteins contained the RING finger motifs. The interaction of Hip-2 with RNF2, one of the clones, was further confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mutations in the RING domain of RNF2 prevented the clone from binding to Hip-2, an indication that the RING domain is the binding determinant. RNF2 showed a ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity in the presence of Hip-2, suggesting that a subset of RING finger proteins may have roles as E3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chopra S, Dodd GD, Chintapalli KN, Leyendecker JR, Karahan OI, Rhim H. Tumor recurrence after radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: spectrum of findings on dual-phase contrast-enhanced CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177:381-7. [PMID: 11461868 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.177.2.1770381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this study to determine the spectrum of CT findings of tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of primary and secondary malignant hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients, 10 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 15 patients with metastases who developed tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms, formed the study population. Three observers reviewed the CT scans of these patients and evaluated the location (local intrahepatic, remote intrahepatic, or extrahepatic) of all recurrent lesions and the morphology and enhancement characteristics of local intrahepatic recurrences. RESULTS Local intrahepatic recurrences were seen in nine patients (90%) and 11 patients (73%); remote intrahepatic recurrences, in five patients (50%) and seven patients (45%); and extrahepatic recurrences, in zero and six patients (40%) with recurrent HCC and recurrent metastases, respectively. Of the 12 nodules of local intrahepatic recurrences in HCC and the 24 in metastases, the patterns of local intrahepatic recurrences were of nodular, halo, and gross enlargement types in eight (67%) and nine (38%), four (33%) and six (38%), and zero and nine (37%) nodules in HCC and hepatic metastases, respectively. The number of local intrahepatic recurrent lesions enhancing in the arterial phase was significantly greater in HCC. CONCLUSION Tumor recurrences occurred at intra- and extrahepatic sites after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms. The local intrahepatic recurrences appeared in three patterns: nodular, halo, or gross enlargement. The sites of recurrence and the morphologic patterns of local intrahepatic tumor recurrence differed between primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chopra
- Department of Radiology, Mail Code 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio TX 78229, USA
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Chopra S, Dodd GD, Mumbower AL, Chintapalli KN, Schwesinger WH, Sirinek KR, Dorman JP, Rhim H. Treatment of acute cholecystitis in non-critically ill patients at high surgical risk: comparison of clinical outcomes after gallbladder aspiration and after percutaneous cholecystostomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 176:1025-31. [PMID: 11264103 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.176.4.1761025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to compare the clinical outcome after gallbladder aspiration with that after percutaneous cholecystostomy in non-critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis who were at high risk from surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 53 consecutive non-critically ill, high-surgical-risk patients admitted with acute cholecystitis between July 1995 and July 1999 were reviewed. Thirty-one had gallbladder aspiration and 22 had percutaneous cholecystostomy. The primary outcome measure of clinical response within 72 hr and the secondary outcome measures of overall positive response rate, complication rate, time to resolution, and rate of recurrence of acute cholecystitis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Gallbladder aspiration and percutaneous cholecystostomy were technically successful in 30 (97%) and 21 (97%) patients, respectively; of these, 23 (77%) and 19 (90%) patients responded clinically within 72 hr (p > 0.2). Complications occurred in three patients (12%) after percutaneous cholecystostomy and in none after gallbladder aspiration (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the other secondary outcome measures of the two groups. CONCLUSION We found no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of gallbladder aspiration and percutaneous cholecystostomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in high-surgical-risk patients who are not critically ill. However, we found gallbladder aspiration to be significantly safer. Therefore, gallbladder aspiration should be the procedure of choice in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis who are not critically ill, and percutaneous cholecystectomy should be reserved as a salvage procedure if gallbladder aspiration is technically or clinically unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chopra
- Department of Radiology, Mail Code 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 249-1, Kyomoon-dong, Kuri-si, Kyounggi-do 471-701, South Korea
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Chung KC, Sung JY, Ahn W, Rhim H, Oh TH, Lee MG, Ahn YS. Intracellular calcium mobilization induces immediate early gene pip92 via Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase in immortalized hippocampal cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2132-8. [PMID: 11053438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular calcium levels plays a central role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. A cell-permeable, tumor-promoting thapsigargin elevates the intracellular calcium levels by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. The Src-tyrosine kinase family is involved in a broad range of cellular responses ranging from cell growth and cytoskeletal rearrangement to differentiation. The immediate early gene pip92 is induced in neuronal cell death as well as cell growth and differentiation. To resolve the molecular mechanism of cell growth by intracellular calcium mobilization, we have examined the effect of thapsigargin and subsequent intracellular calcium influx on pip92 expression in immortalized rat hippocampal H19-7 cells. An increase of intracellular calcium ion levels induced by thapsigargin stimulated the expression of pip92 in H19-7 cells. Transient transfection of the cells with kinase-inactive mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and Src kinase or pretreatment with the chemical MEK inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited pip92 expression induced by thapsigargin. When constitutively active v-Src or MEK was overexpressed, the transcriptional activity of the pip92 gene was markedly increased. Dominant inhibitory Raf-1 blocked the transcriptional activity of pip92 induced by thapsigargin. The transcription factor Elk1 is activated during thapsigargin-induced pip92 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that an increase of intracellular calcium ion levels by thapsigargin stimulates the pip92 expression via Raf-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase- as well as Src kinase-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Choi S, Jung S, Kim C, Kim H, Rhim H, Kim S, Nah S. Effect of ginsenosides on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes in bovine chromaffin cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 74:75-81. [PMID: 11137351 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In previous reports we have shown that ginsenosides inhibit high threshold voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in neuronal cells. However, these studies did not show whether ginsenosides-induced inhibition of Ca(2+) currents discriminates among the various Ca(2+) channel subtypes, although it is known that there are at least five different Ca(2+) channel subtypes in neuronal cells. In this study we investigated the effect of ginsenosides on high threshold voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes using their selective Ca(2+) channel blockers nimodipine (L-type), omega-conotoxin GVIA (N-type), or omega-agatoxin IVA (P-type) in bovine chromaffin cells. We could observe that ginsenosides inhibited high threshold voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents in a dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) was about 120 microgram/ml. Nimodipine had no effect on ginsenosides response. However, the effect of ginsenosides on Ca(2+) currents was reduced by omega-conotoxin GVIA, omega-agatoxin IVA, and mixture of nimodipine, omega-conotoxin GVIA, and omega-agatoxin IVA. These data suggest that ginsenosides are negatively coupled to three types of calcium channels in bovine chromaffin cell, including an omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive (N-type) channel, an omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive (P-type) channel and nimodipine/omega-conotoxin GVIA/omega-agatoxin VIA-resistant (presumptive Q-type) channel. Thus, the selective regulation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) subtypes by ginsenosides in bovine chromaffin cell could be the cellular basis of antistress effects induced by ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- National Research Laboratory for the Study of Ginseng Signal Transduction and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University, 500-757, Kwangju, South Korea
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Park SJ, Kim YC, Suh SH, Rhim H, Sim JH, Kim SJ, So I, Kim KW. Background nonselective cationic current and the resting membrane potential in rabbit aorta endothelial cells. Jpn J Physiol 2000; 50:635-43. [PMID: 11173559 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.50.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ion channel conductances that regulate the membrane potential was investigated by using a perforated patch-clamp technique in rabbit aorta endothelial cells (RAECs). The whole-cell current/voltage (I-V) relation showed a slight outward rectification under physiological ionic conditions. The resting membrane potential was -23.3 +/- 1.1 mV (mean +/- SEM, n = 19). The slope conductances at the potentials of -80 and 50 mV were 31.0 +/- 4.0 and 62.8 +/- 7.1 pS pF(-1), respectively (n = 15). Changes in the extracellular and intracellular Cl(-) concentrations did not affect the reversal potential on I-V curves. The background nonselective cationic (NSC) current was isolated after the K(+) current was suppressed. The relative permeabilities calculated from the changes in reversal potentials using the constant-field theory were P(K):P(Cs):P(Na):P(Li) = 1:0.87:0.40:0.27 and P(Cs):P(Ca) = 1:0.21. Increases in the external Ca(2+) decreased the background NSC current in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration for half block by Ca(2+) was 1.1 +/- 0.3 mM (n = 7). Through the continuous recording of the membrane potential in a current-clamp mode, it was found that the background NSC conductance is the major determinant of resting membrane potential. Taken together, it could be concluded that the background NSC channels function as the major determinant for the resting membrane potential and can be responsible for the background Ca(2+) entry pathway in freshly isolated RAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Lee YB, Yune TY, Baik SY, Shin YH, Du S, Rhim H, Lee EB, Kim YC, Shin ML, Markelonis GJ, Oh TH. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neuronal and glial apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2000; 166:190-5. [PMID: 11031095 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the onset of neuronal and glial apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord crush injury in rats. A few TUNEL-positive cells were first observed within and surrounding the lesion area 4 h after injury, with the largest number observed 24-48 h after injury. Double-labeling of cells using cell type-specific markers revealed that TUNEL-positive cells were either neurons or oligodendrocytes. One hour after injury, an intense immunoreactivity to TNF-alpha was observed in neurons and glial cells in the lesion area, but also seen in cells several mm from the lesion site rostrally and caudally. The level of nitric oxide (NO) also significantly increased in the spinal cord 4 h after injury. The injection of a neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha into the lesion site several min after injury significantly reduced both the level of NO observed 4 h thereafter as well as the number of apoptotic cells observed 24 h after spinal cord trauma. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate (l-NMMA), also reduced the number of apoptotic cells. This reduction of apoptotic cells was associated with a decrease in DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that: (i) TNF-alpha may function as an external signal initiating apoptosis in neurons and oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury; and (ii) TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis may be mediated in part by NO as produced by a NOS expressed in response to TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Kwon BJ, Rhim H, Kim YS, Koh BH, Cho OK. Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma with extensive tumor thrombi in the portal venous system: case report. Abdom Imaging 2000; 25:615-7. [PMID: 11029094 DOI: 10.1007/s002610000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma is a primary liver tumor, with some features that distinguish it from hepatocellular carcinoma, especially the low incidence of vascular involvement relative to mass size. Radiologically, tumor thrombus seen as an expanding central filling defect is a rare finding of cholangiocarcinoma on computed tomography, even though microscopic invasion or vascular encasement has been reported in a few studies. We report a case of a peripheral cholangiocarcinoma with tumor thrombus expanding and spreading from the portal vein to the superior mesenteric vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kwon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Haengdang Dong 17, Sungdong Ku, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The analgesic effect of ginsenosides or morphine was first determined following intrathecal (i.t.) administration in rat tail-flick test. The effect of chronic i.t. co-administration of ginsenosides with morphine on the development of opioid tolerance were also examined using rat tail-flick test. Administration of ginsenosides (i.t.) produced a weak antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of morphine (i.t.) also produced antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 was 1.20 microg (1.14-1.29 microg). However, acute i.t. co-administration of ginsenosides with morphine was not additive in antinociception. Repeated i.t. co-administration of 200 microg ginsenosides with 10 microg morphine inhibited the development of tolerance induced by 10 microg morphine in rat tail-flick test, although i.t. co-administration of 50 or 100 microg ginsenosides with morphine was without effect. In conclusion, these results indicate that i.t. administered ginsenosides produce an antinociception in rat tail-flick test and also prevent opioid tolerance caused by chronic treatment with morphine at the spinal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Dept of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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50
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Lee YB, Du S, Rhim H, Lee EB, Markelonis GJ, Oh TH. Rapid increase in immunoreactivity to GFAP in astrocytes in vitro induced by acidic pH is mediated by calcium influx and calpain I. Brain Res 2000; 864:220-9. [PMID: 10802029 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In higher vertebrates, reactive gliosis resulting from injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by a rapid increase in immunoreactivity (IR) to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Little is known about the extracellular signals that initiate the increase in GFAP-IR following CNS injury. We demonstrated recently [T.H. Oh, G.J. Markelonis, J.R. Von Visger, B. Baik, M.T. Shipley, Acidic pH rapidly increases immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured astrocytes, Glia 13 (1995) 319-322] that a rapid increase in GFAP-IR can be evoked in mature astrocyte cultures by exposing the cells to an acidic medium. We investigated the intracellular pathway(s) involved in initiating increased GFAP-IR, a hallmark of reactive astrocytes. The increase in GFAP-IR produced by exposure to acidic medium was blocked by pretreatment with nickel ions, by such blockers of L-type calcium channels as nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, by calpain inhibitor I, or by the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. At physiological pH, treatment with the calcium ionophore, A23187, resulted in increased GFAP-IR which could be blocked by pretreatment with calpain inhibitor I. Astrocytes exposed to low pH exhibited a marked increase in a GFAP fragment with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. In astrocytes exposed to acidic medium, alpha-fodrin, a selective endogenous substrate of calpain, was also found to be hydrolyzed producing fragments with molecular weights of 120-150 kDa. As anticipated, pretreatment with calpain inhibitor I prevented the proteolytic degradation of both GFAP and alpha-fodrin in these samples. These results suggest that the initial increase in GFAP-IR after CNS injury appears to be linked to Ca(++) influx, and is mediated further by a proteolytic process that seemingly involves the activation of the calcium-dependent protease, calpain I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD, USA.
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