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Khalili H, Kashkoli HH, Weyland DE, Pirkalkhoran S, Grabowska WR. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Scaffold Fabrication and Delivery Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:620. [PMID: 37111377 PMCID: PMC10146656 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represent a leading cause of blindness, resulting in permanent damage to retinal cells that are essential for maintaining normal vision. Around 12% of people over the age of 65 have some form of retinal degenerative disease. Whilst antibody-based drugs have revolutionised treatment of neovascular AMD, they are only effective at an early stage and cannot prevent eventual progression or allow recovery of previously lost vision. Hence, there is a clear unmet need to find innovative treatment strategies to develop a long-term cure. The replacement of damaged retinal cells is thought to be the best therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with retinal degeneration. Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a group of innovative and complex biological products including cell therapy medicinal products, gene therapy medicinal products, and tissue engineered products. Development of ATMPs for the treatment of retinal degeneration diseases has become a fast-growing field of research because it offers the potential to replace damaged retinal cells for long-term treatment of AMD. While gene therapy has shown encouraging results, its effectiveness for treatment of retinal disease may be hampered by the body's response and problems associated with inflammation in the eye. In this mini-review, we focus on describing ATMP approaches including cell- and gene-based therapies for treatment of AMD along with their applications. We also aim to provide a brief overview of biological substitutes, also known as scaffolds, that can be used for delivery of cells to the target tissue and describe biomechanical properties required for optimal delivery. We describe different fabrication methods for preparing cell-scaffolds and explain how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can aid with the process. We predict that combining AI with 3D bioprinting for 3D cell-scaffold fabrication could potentially revolutionise retinal tissue engineering and open up new opportunities for developing innovative platforms to deliver therapeutic agents to the target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | | | - Sama Pirkalkhoran
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
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Pirkalkhoran S, Grabowska WR, Kashkoli HH, Mirhassani R, Guiliano D, Dolphin C, Khalili H. Bioengineering of Antibody Fragments: Challenges and Opportunities. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020122. [PMID: 36829616 PMCID: PMC9952581 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody fragments are used in the clinic as important therapeutic proteins for treatment of indications where better tissue penetration and less immunogenic molecules are needed. Several expression platforms have been employed for the production of these recombinant proteins, from which E. coli and CHO cell-based systems have emerged as the most promising hosts for higher expression. Because antibody fragments such as Fabs and scFvs are smaller than traditional antibody structures and do not require specific patterns of glycosylation decoration for therapeutic efficacy, it is possible to express them in systems with reduced post-translational modification capacity and high expression yield, for example, in plant and insect cell-based systems. In this review, we describe different bioengineering technologies along with their opportunities and difficulties to manufacture antibody fragments with consideration of stability, efficacy and safety for humans. There is still potential for a new production technology with a view of being simple, fast and cost-effective while maintaining the stability and efficacy of biotherapeutic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Pirkalkhoran
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Guiliano
- School of Life Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Colin Dolphin
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | - Hanieh Khalili
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Collins M, Khalili H. Soluble Papain to Digest Monoclonal Antibodies; Time and Cost-Effective Method to Obtain Fab Fragment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050209. [PMID: 35621487 PMCID: PMC9137653 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen binding fragments (Fabs) used in research (e.g., antibody mimetics, antibody-drug conjugate, bispecific antibodies) are frequently obtained by enzymatic digestion of monoclonal antibodies using immobilised papain. Despite obtaining pure Fab, using immobilised papain to digest IgG has limitations, most notably slow digestion time (more than 8 h), high cost and limited scalability. Here we report a time and cost-effective method to produce pure, active and stable Fab using soluble papain. Large laboratory scale digestion of an antibody (100 mg) was achieved using soluble papain with a digestion time of 30 min and isolated yields of 55–60%. The obtained Fabs displayed similar binding activity as Fabs prepared via immobilised papain digestion. Site-specific conjugation between Fabs and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was carried out to obtain antibody mimetics FpF (Fab-PEG-Fab) indicating that the native disulphide bond had been preserved. Surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) of prepared FpFs showed that binding activity towards the intended antigen was maintained. We anticipate that this work will provide a fast and less costly method for researchers to produce antibody fragments at large scale from whole IgG suitable for use in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collins
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK;
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hanieh Khalili
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK;
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
- Correspondence:
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Khalili H. Using different proteolytic enzymes to digest antibody and its impact on stability of antibody mimetics. J Immunol Methods 2020; 489:112933. [PMID: 33232747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are opportunities to formulate antibodies as solid-state depots for local therapy, which would minimise large systemic doses that are typically required. We have developed antibody mimetics known as Fab-PEG-Fab (FpF) that display similar binding affinity and functional activity as IgG antibodies. For head-to-head comparison between FpF and IgG, FpF is prepared from the Fabs obtained by enzymatic digestion of IgGs. Here, we report for the first time that using different enzymes to proteolytically digest IgG plays an important role in stability profile of the obtained Fabs leading in different stability profiles of the final conjugated product such as FpF. We prepared an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) FpF from either clinical Fabrani (ranibizumab) or Fabs obtained by enzymatic digestion of bevacizumab (IgG) using immobilised papain and gingisKHANTM (KGP) enzyme. The stability of FpFs was then studied after being lyophilised in comparison with both ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Lyophilisation is being evaluated to produce solid material that can be used for depot fabrication. We observed that using immobilised papain to digest IgG resulted in the heterogenous isomers Fab leading to the preparation of heterogenous FpFbeva-papain mimetic that underwent aggregation during lyophilisation. However, using KGP enzyme generated a homogenous intact Fabbeva-KGP as determined by mass spectral analysis. Interestingly, the FpF mimetics prepared from the homogenous Fabs (Fabrani and Fabbeva-KGP), displayed greater stability compared to their starting bevacizumab and ranibizumab after being lyophilised as determined by DLS analysis. There is a potential to lyophilize FpFs to be used to fabricate solid-state depots.
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Collins M, Awwad S, Ibeanu N, Khaw PT, Guiliano D, Brocchini S, Khalili H. Dual-acting therapeutic proteins for intraocular use. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:44-55. [PMID: 33137484 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intravitreally injected antibody-based medicines have revolutionised the treatment of retinal disease. Bispecific and dual-functional antibodies and therapeutic proteins have the potential to further increase the efficacy of intraocular medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collins
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, UK; School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sahar Awwad
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Nkiru Ibeanu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - David Guiliano
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hanieh Khalili
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, UK; School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Kowalkowski F, Walker L, Frantz N, Khalili H, Patel I. 03:00 PM Abstract No. 353 Urgency of percutaneous thrombectomy/thrombolysis for thrombosed dialysis arteriovenous grafts and fistulas: does time interval to intervention really affect the clinical outcome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Khalili H. S-factor of 14N(α,γ)18F reaction at low-energies. Results Phys 2018; 9:1116-1119. [PMID: 30116706 PMCID: PMC6086319 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The astrophysical S-factor of the 14N(α,γ)18F reaction has been studied at range of bombarding energy 1-1.30 MeV. The 14N(α,γ)18F process is important in low energy astrophysics so that a possible source of energy in massive stars which have spent their hydrogen cycle. Using the Wood-saxon potential model, we have been calculated non resonances the astrophysical S-factors for the E2 transition and our results for Eα=0.0 MeV is S≈0.5 MeV.b where from experimental is measured to Eα=0.0 is S≈o.7 MeV.b (Couch et al., 1971) that in comparison with our data good agreement is achieved for the astrophysical S-factor of this process.
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Shih AJ, Korsunsky I, Guttadauria B, Bhuiya T, Liew A, Khalili H, Gregersen PK, Lee AT. Abstract P2-07-09: Integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in metastatic versus non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-07-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer that is difficult to treat clinically and is characterized by being estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and does not overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Patients with TNBC tend to have a worse prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes.
Methods: We obtained fifteen TNBC sample FFPE tissue blocks with corresponding plasma samples. All samples were from primary tumors; seven samples having metastasized, four samples that had not metastasized and four samples with unknown metastatic status. The total RNA was isolated from FFPE blocks using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Protocol. miRNA from plasma was isolated using Ambion's mirVANA kit. The plasma and tissue miRNAs were evaluated using the QuantStudio qPCR platform, capturing ˜750 miRNAs. The mRNA was processed using the TruSeq RNA Access kit and sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Analysis of the miRNA and mRNA individually was performed using limma and DESeq2 packages, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis of the mRNA expression was done using the GAGE package on KEGG pathways while the integrative analysis was done with sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (sCCA) using the PMA pacakge.
Results: Analysis of plasma miRNA had four miRNAs with a significant difference in raw p-value (p < 0.05) between metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC; miRNA 708, 483-3p, 518f, and 766; in the tissue there were fifteen miRNA with p < 0.05, with one miR-872 still having significance after adjusting for multiple testing. mRNA had 33 genes being significant after multiple testing correction with several immune KEGG pathways being downregulated in metastatic samples (adjusted p < 0.05). The integrative analysis revealed five microRNA (miR-216, miR-127, miR-370, miR-382, and miR-487b) and 312 gene modules enriched in integrin (Fisher p < 10^-5) and extracellular matrix (Fisher p < 10^-6) signaling.
Conclusions: One of the circulating plasma miRNAs, miR483-3p, has been found to promote tumorigenesis, while miR581f and miR766 have not been reported in cancer to date. Further investigation into these miRNA could provide a feasible biomarker. The downregulation of immune pathways observed within the metastatic TNBC subjects implies immune evasion is of particular importance for metastasis and a targeted immunotherapy may be a viable treatment option. The integrative analysis of the miRNA and mRNA showed an enrichment in pathways previously linked to increased proliferation and chemoresistance, with an increased signal compared to either miRNA or mRNA alone.
Citation Format: Shih AJ, Korsunsky I, Guttadauria B, Bhuiya T, Liew A, Khalili H, Gregersen PK, Lee AT. Integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in metastatic versus non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ Shih
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - I Korsunsky
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - B Guttadauria
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - T Bhuiya
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - A Liew
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - H Khalili
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - PK Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
| | - AT Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhassett, NY; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY
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Letner D, Farris A, Khalili H, Garber J. Pollen-food allergy syndrome is a common allergic comorbidity in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus 2018; 31:4566194. [PMID: 29087472 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is associated with atopic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis; however, limited data exist on the correlation between pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and EoE. We analyzed 346 adults with EoE treated at a single center between 2002 and 2016. Demographic and EoE-specific data including clinical features and measures of EoE disease severity and treatments were collected. The presence of other atopic diseases, family history, prevalence of peripheral eosinophilia and elevated IgE, and details of PFAS triggers were collected. Twenty six percent of the 346 subjects in our cohort had both EoE and PFAS (EoE-PFAS). Compared to subjects with EoE alone, subjects with EoE-PFAS had an increased frequency of allergic rhinitis (86.7% vs. 64.2%, P < 0.001) and family history of allergies (71.1% vs. 53.3%, P = 0.003), and comprised a higher proportion of EoE diagnoses made in the spring (Χ2 < 0.001). 43.3% of subjects with concurrent EoE and PFAS opted for treatment with elimination diet, and these measures failed to induce remission in 46.2% of cases. In most cases, elimination diet failed despite strict avoidance of PFAS trigger foods in addition to common EoE triggers including dairy, wheat, and eggs. EoE-PFAS was also associated with higher serum IgE at the time of EoE diagnosis (460.6 vs. 289.9, P < 0.019). Allergic rhinitis and a family history of food allergy were independently associated with having EoE-PFAS. The most common triggers of PFAS in adults with EoE are apples (21.1%), carrots (15.5%), and peaches (15.5%). Along with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, PFAS is a common allergic comorbidity that is highly associated with EoE. Further studies aimed at understanding mechanistic similarities and differences of PFAS and EoE may shed light on the pathogenesis of these closely related food allergy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Letner
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - A Farris
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - H Khalili
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Garber
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Khalili H, Brocchini S, Khaw PT, Filippov SK. Comparative thermodynamic analysis in solution of a next generation antibody mimetic to VEGF. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35787-35793. [PMID: 35547916 PMCID: PMC9088213 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibody mimetic known as Fab–PEG–Fab (FpF) is a stable bivalent molecule that may have some potential therapeutic advantages over IgG antibodies due to differences in their binding kinetics as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Here we describe the thermodynamic binding properties to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the FpF antibody mimetics derived from bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Bevacizumab is an IgG antibody and ranibizumab is an antibody fragment (Fab). Both are used clinically to target VEGF to inhibit angiogenesis. FpFbeva displayed comparable binding affinity (KD) and binding thermodynamics (ΔH = −25.7 kcal mole−1 and ΔS = 14 kcal mole−1) to bevacizumab (ΔH = −25 kcal mole−1, ΔS = 13.3 kcal mole−1). FpFrani interactions with VEGF were characterised by large favourable enthalpy (ΔH = −42 kcal mole−1) and unfavourable entropy (ΔS = 31 kcal mole−1) changes compared to ranibizumab (ΔH = −18.5 kcal mole−1 and ΔS = 6.7 kcal mole−1), which being a Fab, is mono-valent. A large negative entropy change resulting in binding of bivalent FpF to homodimer VEGF might be due to the conformational change of the flexible regions of the FpF upon ligand binding. Mono-valent Fab (i.e. ranibizumab or the Fab derived from bevacizumab) displayed a larger degree of freedom (smaller unfavourable entropy) upon binding to homodimer VEGF. Our report describes the first comprehensive enthalpy and entropy compensation analysis for FpF antibody mimetics. While the FpFs displayed similar thermodynamics and binding affinity to the full IgG (i.e. bevacizumab), their enhanced protein stability, slower dissociation rate and lack of Fc effector functions could make FpF a potential next-generation therapy for local tissue-targeted indications. ITC illustrated similar binding thermodynamics for anti-VEGF IgG and FpFs. Bivalent FpFrani displayed larger enthalpy and entropy than monovalent ranibizumab.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UEL School of Health
- Sport and Bioscience
- London
- UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- London
- UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
- London
- UK
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Khalili H, Lee RW, Khaw PT, Brocchini S, Dick AD, Copland DA. An anti-TNF-α antibody mimetic to treat ocular inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36905. [PMID: 27874029 PMCID: PMC5118814 DOI: 10.1038/srep36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infliximab is an antibody that neutralizes TNF-α and is used principally by systemic administration to treat many inflammatory disorders. We prepared the antibody mimetic Fab-PEG-Fab (FpFinfliximab) for direct intravitreal injection to assess whether such formulations have biological activity and potential utility for ocular use. FpFinfliximab was designed to address side effects caused by antibody degradation and the presence of the Fc region. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that infliximab and FpFinfliximab maintained binding affinity for both human and murine recombinant TNF-α. No Fc mediated RPE cellular uptake was observed for FpFinfliximab. Both Infliximab and FpFinfliximab suppressed ocular inflammation by reducing the number of CD45+ infiltrate cells in the EAU mice after a single intravitreal injection at the onset of peak disease. These results offer an opportunity to develop and formulate for ocular use, FpF molecules designed for single and potentially multiple targets using bi-specific FpFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,University of East London, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, Water lane, Stratford campus, London, E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Richard W Lee
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A Copland
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Alizadeh N, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Abdollahi A, Ala S. Effect of vitamin D on stress-induced hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in critically ill patients. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:396-405. [PMID: 27091752 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycaemic indices and insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients were studied. In this study, effects of vitamin D supplementation on stress-induced hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance were evaluated in non-diabetic surgical critically ill patients. METHODS Adult surgical patients with stress-induced hyperglycaemia within the first 24 h of admission to the ICU were recruited. The patients randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D or placebo. Patients in the vitamin D group received a single dose of 600,000 IU vitamin D3 as intramuscular injection at time of recruitment. Besides demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, plasma glucose, insulin, 25(OH) D and adiponectin levels were measured at the time of ICU admission and day 7. Homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homestasis model assessment adiponectin (HOMA-AD) ratio were considered at the times of assessment. RESULTS Comparing with the baseline, plasma 25(OH) D level significantly increased in the subjects who received vitamin D (p = 0.04). Improvement in fasting plasma glucose levels was detected in day 7 of the study compared with the baseline status in both groups. HOMA-IR showed a decrement pattern in vitamin D group (p = 0.09). Fasting plasma adiponectin levels increased significantly in the vitamin D group (p = 0.007), but not in the placebo group (p = 0.38). Finally, changes in HOMA-AD ratio were not significant in the both groups. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation showed positive effect on plasma adiponectin level, as a biomarker of insulin sensitivity in surgical critically ill patients with stress-induced hyperglycaemia. However, effects of vitamin D supplementation on HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD as indicators of insulin resistance were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohammadi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ala
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
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Abstract
The Fc-fusion mimetic RpR 2̲ was prepared by disulfide bridging conjugation using PEG in the place of the Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Khalili
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
| | - P. T. Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
- London
- UK
| | - S. Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
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Shelton E, Chaudrey K, Sauk J, Khalili H, Masia R, Nguyen DD, Yajnik V, Ananthakrishnan AN. New onset idiosyncratic liver enzyme elevations with biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:972-9. [PMID: 25756190 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumour necrosis factor α (anti-TNF) agents have been implicated in drug-induced liver injury. There is minimal data on this occurrence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. AIM To identify the characteristics of liver enzyme elevations following anti-TNF therapy initiation in IBD. METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients initiating anti-TNF therapy were analysed for new onset alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (≥60 U/L). We collected data on natural history, outcomes and patient characteristics compared with controls with persistent normal liver enzymes. Likelihood of causal association was assessed using the RUCAM score. RESULTS From 1753 patients initiating an anti-TNF (1170 infliximab, 575 adalimumab, 8 certolizumab), 102 (6%) developed new onset ALT elevation. In 54 (53%), this could be linked to an alternate aetiology. Among those with idiopathic ALT elevations, the median time to ALT elevation from anti-TNF initiation was 18 weeks and median peak ALT was 96 U/L. Six underwent liver biopsy, all demonstrating hepatitis with autoimmune features. Compared to controls, cases were on a lower dose of infliximab (5.7 vs. 6.7 mg/kg, P = 0.02) but were otherwise similar in body mass index, sex and age. On follow-up, 34 continued the anti-TNF, 14 stopped therapy and 4 initiated steroids. Most (85%) normalised their LFTs after a median of 17 weeks including 28 (82%) of those who continued anti-TNF therapy. Ten patients were transitioned to a second anti-TNF without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS ALT elevations occurred in 6% of IBD patients initiating anti-TNF therapy. Most idiopathic elevations were mild, transient and resolved despite therapy continuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shelton
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Khalili H, Sharma G, Froome A, Khaw PT, Brocchini S. Storage stability of bevacizumab in polycarbonate and polypropylene syringes. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:820-7. [PMID: 25853399 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare and examine the storage stability of compounded bevacizumab in polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) syringes over a 6-month period. PC syringes have been used in a recent clinical study and bevacizumab stability has not been reported for this type of syringe. METHODS Repackaged bevacizumab was obtained from Moorfields Pharmaceuticals in PC and PP syringes. Bevacizumab from the stored syringes was analysed at monthly time points for a 6-month period and compared with bevacizumab from a freshly opened vial at each time point. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to observe aggregation and degradation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) provided information about the hydrodynamic size and particle size distribution of bevacizumab in solution. VEGF binding and the active concentration of bevacizumab was determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using Biacore. RESULTS SDS-PAGE and SEC analysis did not show any changes in the presence of higher molecular weight species (HMWS) or degradation products in PC and PP syringes from T0 to T6 compared with bevacizumab sampled from a freshly opened vial. The hydrodynamic diameter of bevacizumab in the PC syringe after 6 months of storage was not significantly different to bevacizumab taken from a freshly opened vial. Using SPR, the VEGF binding activity of bevacizumab in the PC syringe was comparable to bevacizumab taken from a freshly opened vial. CONCLUSION No significant difference over a 6-month period was observed in the quality of bevacizumab repackaged into prefilled polycarbonate and polypropylene syringes when compared with bevacizumab that is supplied from the vial.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - G Sharma
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - A Froome
- Moorfields Pharmaceuticals, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - P T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - S Brocchini
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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Mohammadi M, Sadri E, Heydari B, Khalili H. Is a high serum vitamin B12 level associated with an increased mortality in critically ill surgical patients? Anaesth Intensive Care 2015; 43:129-130. [PMID: 25579299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Godwin
- PolyTherics
Ltd, The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-won Choi
- PolyTherics
Ltd, The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lever
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T. Khaw
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
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Talasaz AH, Salamzadeh J, Khalili H, Eshraghi AH, Bahremand M. Evaluating the effect of intracoronary N-acetylcysteine on myocardial reperfusion markers following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Herrington-Symes AP, Farys M, Khalili H, Brocchini S. Antibody fragments: Prolonging circulation half-life special issue-antibody research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.45090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Protein PEGylation is the most clinically validated method to improve the efficacy of protein-based medicines. Antibody fragments such as Fabs display rapid clearance from blood circulation and therefore are good candidates for PEGylation. We have developed PEG-bis-sulfone reagents 1 that can selectively alkylate both sulfurs derived from a native disulfide. Using PEG-bis-sulfone reagents 1, conjugation of PEG specifically targets the disulfide distal to the binding region of the Fab (Scheme 2 ). PEG-bis-sulfone reagents 1 (10-40 kDa) were used to generate the corresponding PEG-mono-sulfones 2 that underwent essentially quantitative conjugation to give the PEG-Fab product 4. Four Fabs were PEGylated: Fab(beva), Fab'(beva), Fab(rani), and Fab(trast). Proteolytic digestion of bevacizumab with papain gave Fab(beva), while digestion of bevacizumab with IdeS gave F(ab')(2-beva), which after reaction with DTT and PEG-mono-sulfone 2 gave PEG(2)-Fab'(beva). Ranibizumab, which is a clinically used Fab, was directly PEGylated to give PEG-Fab(rani). Trastuzumab was proteolytically digested with papain, and its corresponding Fab was PEGylated to give PEG-Fab(trast). Purification of the PEGylated Fabs was accomplished by a single ion exchange chromatography step to give pure PEG-Fab products as determined by silver-stained SDS-PAGE. No loss of PEG was detected post conjugation. A comparative binding study by SPR using Biacore with low ligand immobilization density was conducted using (i) VEGF(165) for the bevacizumab and ranibizumab derived products or (ii) HER2 for the trastuzumab derived products. VEGF(165) is a dimeric ligand with two binding sites for bevacizumab. HER2 has one domain for the binding of trastuzumab. Binding studies with PEG-Fab(beva) indicated that the apparent affinity was 2-fold less compared to the unPEGylated Fab(beva). Binding properties of the PEG-Fab(beva) products appeared to be independent of PEG molecular weight. Site-specific conjugation of two PEG molecules gave PEG(2×20)-Fab'(beva), whose apparent binding affinity was similar to that observed for PEG-Fab(beva) derivatives. The k(d) values were similar to those of the unPEGylated Fab(beva); hence, once bound, PEG-Fab(beva) remained bound to the same degree as Fab(beva). Biacore analysis indicated that both Fab(rani) and PEG(20)-Fab(rani) did not dissociate from the immobilized VEGF at 25 °C, but ELISA using immobilized VEGF showed 2-fold less apparent binding affinity for PEG(20)-Fab(rani) compared to the unPEGylated Fab(rani). Additionally, the apparent binding affinities for trastuzumab and Fab(trast) were comparable by both Biacore and ELISA. Biacore results suggested that trastuzumab had a slower association rate compared to Fab(trast); however, both molecules displayed the same apparent binding affinity. This could have been due to enhanced rebinding effects of trastuzumab, as it is a bivalent molecule. Analogous to PEG-Fab(beva) products, PEG(20)-Fab(trast) displayed 2-fold lower binding compared to Fab(trast) when evaluated by ELISA. The variations in the apparent affinity for the PEGylated Fab variants were all related to the differences in the association rates (k(a)) rather than the dissociation rates (k(d)). We have shown that (i) Fabs are well-matched for site-specific PEGylation with our bis-alkylation PEG reagents, (ii) PEGylated Fabs display only a 2-fold reduction in apparent affinity without any change in the dissociation rate, and (iii) the apparent binding rates and affinities remain constant as the PEG molecular weight is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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21
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Khalili H, Soltani R, Safhami S, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Alijani B. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin at a teaching hospital in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2012; 18:172-7. [PMID: 22571095 DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global problem in the community and in hospitals. Antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria from nosocomial infections were evaluated during a 6-month period at Shariati teaching hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Susceptibility tests were performed on 570 Gram-negative isolates obtained from clinical samples of patients infected after at least 72 hours stay in the hospital. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated Gram-negative organism (42.6%). The highest rate of resistance in Gram-negative isolates was seen in the intensive care unit, with Acinetobacter spp. as the most resistant organisms. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic against E. coli and all other isolates, while ciprofloxacin was also effective against a wide range of other species. Antibiotic resistant Gram-negative nosocomial infection is prevalent in this teaching hospital in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of lran.
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Abrishami R, Ahmadi A, Abdollahi M, Moosivand A, Khalili H, Najafi A, Gholami K, Hamishehkar H, Peivandi Yazdi A, Mojtahedzadeh M. Comparison the inflammatory effects of early supplemental parenteral nutrition plus enteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition alone in critically ill patients. Daru 2010; 18:103-6. [PMID: 22615602 PMCID: PMC3304373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY It is believed that enteral nutrition (EN) support is the preferred route as compared to parenteral nutrition (PN). Critically ill patients on EN receive less than 60% of their metabolic requirements. To meet patients' calorie goal addition of PN to EN was proposed. This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental PN have any difference with EN alone in regard to inflammatory indices. METHODS Twenty patients were randomized to either receive EN alone or EN+PN for 7 days. Pre albumin and inflammatory indices including interleukin IL-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured on days of 0, 3,7. Also Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) score were calculated on days of 0, 3 and 7. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α did not show significant difference between two interventions. Pre-albumin was increased from baseline by 9% and 81% in EN and EN+PN groups respectively but it did not reach to statistical significance. SOFA score did not show significant difference. TISS score was higher in EN+PN group on days of 3 and 7. No difference was found between EN and EN+PN regimens in regard to inflammation, while severity of illness may not change with these regimens, nursing workload increases with implementation of supplemental PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | | | | | - A. Najafi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | - H. Hamishehkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz
| | - A. Peivandi Yazdi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khalili H, Soudbakhsh A, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Poorzare A, Saeedi AA, Sharififar R. Nutritional status and serum zinc and selenium levels in Iranian HIV infected individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2008; 8:165. [PMID: 19068104 PMCID: PMC2613901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals are prone to malnutrition due to increased energy requirements, enteropathy and increased catabolism. Trace elements such as zinc and selenium have major role in maintaining a healthy immune system. This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional status of Iranian subjects who were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and to compare serum level of zinc and selenium in these patients with those of the sex and aged match healthy subjects. METHODS After an interview and physical examination, nutritional assessment was done based on clinical and anthropometric parameters. Body mass index (normal range 18.5-27 kg/m2 based on age) of less than 16, 16-16.9 and 17-18.4 kg/m2 were considered as severe, moderate and mild malnutrition respectively. Serum level of zinc and selenium were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption. RESULTS Severe, moderate and mild malnutrition were detected in 15%, 38% and 24% of human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals respectively. Compared with the healthy control group, serum level of zinc and selenium in the human immunodeficiency virus infected subjects were significantly lower (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION Malnutrition found to be prevalent in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals and low serum zinc and selenium levels are common in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Soudbakhsh
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hajiabdolbaghi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Dashti-Khavidaki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Poorzare
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AA Saeedi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Sharififar
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huhtanen P, Nousiainen J, Rinne M, Kytölä K, Khalili H. Utilization and Partition of Dietary Nitrogen in Dairy Cows Fed Grass Silage-Based Diets. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3589-99. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Parrish WR, Ochani M, Rosas‐Ballina M, Khalili H, Damle A, Gallowitsch‐Puerta M, Harris Y, Ochani K, Lin X, Miller E, Huston J, Czura C, Li W, Batliwalla F, Gregersen P, Tracey KJ. Converting neural signals into short term immunological memory in macrophages. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1065.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - X Lin
- SurgeryThe Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNY
| | - E Miller
- SurgeryThe Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNY
| | | | | | - W Li
- Genomics and Human Genetics
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Dashti-Khavidaki S, Khalili H, Farshadi F, Aghamohammadi A, Movahedi M, Hajibabaei M. Inpatient paediatric use of intravenous immunoglobulin at an academic medical centre. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:147-149. [PMID: 18301844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an important research topic because of its efficacy in the management of an increasing number of diseases, its high cost and limited availability. This study was designed to evaluate the paediatric inpatient use of IVIG and identify strategies to reduce the drug expenditures. METHODS Over a six-month period, physician and nursing charts, and notes for subjects who were treated with IVIG, were reviewed to gather the required data. This included patient demographics, IVIG, indications, dosage regimen, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their management. RESULTS 58.3 percent of IVIG infusions were ordered for labelled indications. Patients in the labelled group experienced more clinical improvement than subjects in the off-label group. Haematologists and neurologists were the most prevalent prescribers. ADRs were more prevalent in the off-label group. Hypotension, fever, headache and chills were the most common adverse effects. ADRs were managed with drugs in 22.9 percent of IVIG administrations and IVIG infusions were modified in 12.5 percent of infusions. CONCLUSION ADRs were more prevalent in this hospital than those reported by other authors. This may be due to nursing negligence of the recommended infusion rate, higher sensitivity of our population or to the brands of IVIG which are used in the hospital. This shows the need for further evaluation of IVIG prescription and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dashti-Khavidaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave, PO Box 14155/6451, Tehran 14174, Iran
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Bayat A, Rinne M, Khalili H, Valizadeh R, Huhtanen P. Estimation of digesta kinetics of different particle
size fractions using rumen evacuation technique in
dairy cows fed red clover-grass silag. J Anim Feed Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/66813/2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mäntysaari P, Khalili H, Sariola J, Rantanen A. Use of barley fibre and wet distillers’ solubles as feedstuffs for Ayrshire dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Panahi Y, Davoodi SM, Khalili H, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Bigdeli M. Phenol and menthol in the treatment of chronic skin lesions following mustard gas exposure. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:392-5. [PMID: 17453095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic skin lesions are common late complications of sulphur mustard exposure in veterans injured in chemical warfare. Pruritus is the most common complaint in the chronic phase, with significant effects on the patient's quality of life. The current study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of one percent phenol and one percent menthol in the control of pruritus in these affected patients. METHODS This randomised, double-blinded clinical trial was performed in chemical warfare-injured veterans with mustard gas-induced pruritus. 80 subjects were selected randomly and divided into two equal groups. One group was treated with a combination of one percent phenol and one percent menthol twice a day, while the other group received a placebo. The therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated during a six-week treatment course. Pruritus score with a range of 1-48 points was used to calculate the severity of pruritus before and after treatment in both groups. RESULTS The final pruritus score in the drug group was significantly different, compared with the placebo group (p-value equals 0.03). There was also a statistically-significant difference between the pre-treatment (19 points) and post-treatment (15.5 points) pruritus scores in the drug group (p-value equals 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the response in the placebo group (p-value equals 0.66). Only a few patients had complaints about the drug, and these were generally minor. The most common complaints were of the greasy nature of the drug and its intolerable odour. CONCLUSION A phenol one percent and menthol one percent combination has significant therapeutic effects for mustard gas-induced pruritus in chemical warfare-injured veterans, in comparison with the placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Panahi
- Department of Chemical Injury, Baqyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Forty Finnish Ayrshire cows, 16 primiparous and 24 multiparous, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (FF1 or FF5). Total mixed ration (TMR) was fed once a day on the FF1 treatment and 5 times a day on the FF5 treatment. The experiment began at calving and continued to wk 28 of lactation. The TMR consisted of a grass silage and concentrate mix. The amount of concentrate in the TMR was 51% on a DM basis. The feeding frequency had no effect on milk or energy-corrected milk yields or on milk composition. The average energy-corrected milk yield was 32.8 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 32.5 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The less frequent feeding increased the dry matter intake (DMI) of cows. The average DMI during the experiment was 20.9 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 19.9 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The difference in DMI was due to the differences in DMI of the mature cows. Energy and protein conversion tended to be lower with feeding once a day compared with feeding 5 times a day. The cows' feeding behavior was also observed. Cows fed 5 times a day tended to eat quite evenly after each delivery, whereas on the FF1 treatment there were 2 clear feeding peaks in the evening after the feed delivery. The time spent eating during the observation period was longer on FF5 than on FF1. The cows fed once a day spent more time lying than the cows fed 5 times a day. Based on the observations of feeding behavior, feeding a TMR 5 times a day seemed to be too frequent based on the increased restlessness and decreased lying time of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mäntysaari
- MTT, Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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Batliwalla FM, Baechler EC, Xiao X, Li W, Balasubramanian S, Khalili H, Damle A, Ortmann WA, Perrone A, Kantor AB, Gulko PS, Kern M, Furie R, Behrens TW, Gregersen PK. Peripheral blood gene expression profiling in rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2005; 6:388-97. [PMID: 15973463 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We carried out gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 29 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 21 control subjects using Affymetrix U95Av2 arrays. Using cluster analysis, we observed a significant alteration in the expression pattern of 81 genes (P<0.001) in the PBMCs of RA patients compared with controls. Many of these genes correlated with differences in monocyte counts between the two study populations, and we show that a large fraction of these genes are specifically expressed at high levels in monocytes. In addition, a logistic regression analysis was performed to identify genes that performed best in the categorization of RA and control samples. Glutaminyl cyclase, IL1RA, S100A12 (also known as calgranulin or EN-RAGE) and Grb2-associated binding protein (GAB2) were among the top discriminators. Along with previous data, the overexpression of S100A12 in RA patients emphasizes the likely importance of RAGE pathways in disease pathogenesis. The altered expression of GAB2, an intracellular adaptor molecule involved in regulating phosphatase function, is of particular interest given the recent identification of the intracellular phosphatase PTPN22 as a risk gene for RA. These data suggest that a detailed study of gene expression patterns in peripheral blood can provide insight into disease pathogenesis. However, it is also clear that substantially larger sample sizes will be required in order to evaluate fully gene expression profiling as a means of identifying disease subsets, or defining biomarkers of outcome and response to therapy in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Batliwalla
- Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Huuskonen A, Khalili H, Kiljala J, Joki-Tokola E, Nousiainen J. Effects of Vegetable Fats Versus Lard in Milk Replacers on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Growth in Finnish Ayrshire Bull Calves. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:3575-81. [PMID: 16162531 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study whether vegetable fat mixtures could be used instead of lard [15.2% in dry matter (DM)] in milk replacers without impairing the performance of Finnish Ayrshire bull calves (n = 58). The growth performance of the calves was measured before and after weaning from 14 d to 6 mo of age. The following 3 fat sources in a milk replacer were studied: 1) a mixture of palm, coconut, and rapeseed oil, 2) palm and coconut oil, and 3) lard. The calves were bucket-fed 2 L of milk replacer 3 times per day. The milk replacer contained 116 g of DM/L, resulting in an average DM intake of 4.8 g of DM/kg of body weight0.75 (BW0.75) during the 8-wk trial, after which the calves were weaned. All the calves had free access to water, commercial starter, and grass silage before weaning. The weaned calves had free access to water and grass silage and were given 3 kg/d (air-dry basis) of a commercial concentrate mixture. The concentrate was replaced by barley when the bulls were 4.5 mo old. There were no significant differences between the diets in feed intake and apparent diet digestibility. The health and BW of the calves were similar during the study. The feed conversion rate (kg of DM intake/kg of gain) before weaning was significantly greater for the lard diet compared with the 2 vegetable fat mixtures. After weaning, the feed conversion rate was slightly lower for the diet that included the palm, coconut, and rapeseed oil mixture than for the diet that included palm and coconut oil mixture. The study showed that the 2 mixtures consisting solely of vegetable oils were effective dietary components, thus providing 2 alternative fat mixtures of milk replacers, for use instead of lard in formulating commercial calf milk replacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huuskonen
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, North Ostrobothnia Research Station, FIN-92400 Ruukki, Finland
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Khalili H, Sairanen A, Nousiainen J, Huhtanen P. Effects of silage made from primary or regrowth grass and protein supplementation on dairy cow performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sairanen A, Khalili H, Nousiainen JI, Ahvenjärvi S, Huhtanen P. The effect of concentrate supplementation on nutrient flow to the omasum in dairy cows receiving freshly cut grass. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:1443-53. [PMID: 15778313 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of increasing the amount of grain-based concentrate (0, 3, or 6 kg/d) on nutrient flow to the omasum, rumen fermentation pattern, milk yield, and nutrient use of dairy cows. Harvested timothy-meadow fescue grass was fed individually 3 times daily to 6 rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian cows in a duplicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Grass was offered as 6 equal meals daily, and concentrates were fed as 2 equal meals daily. Nitrogen, microbial N, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) flow from the rumen were measured using an omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple marker method [CoEDTA, Yb, and indigestible NDF (INDF) as markers]. Concentrate supplementation linearly decreased ruminal pH, N degradability, ammonia N concentration, and molar proportion of acetate and increased the molar proportion of butyrate. Supplementation of grass with concentrates linearly increased dry matter intake (DMI), microbial N synthesis, N, and NDF flow to the omasum, and ruminal and total tract NDF digestibility decreased linearly. Decreases in NDF digestibility in response to concentrates was primarily related to a decrease in the rate of digestion. Increased DMI overcame the negative effects of concentrate on NDF digestion, resulting in a linear increase in total metabolizable energy intake and milk production. Physical constraints were found not to limit grass DMI. Concentrate supplementation increased the apparent use of dietary N for milk production because of a reduction in N intake, rather than thorough improvements in N capture in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sairanen
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, North Savo Research Station, FIN-71750 Maaninka, Finland
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Al-Masri MS, Mukallati H, Al-Hamwi A, Khalili H, Hassan M, Assaf H, Amin Y, Nashawati A. Natural radionuclides in Syrian diet and their daily intake. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:jrnc.0000027116.84320.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kuoppala K, Yrjänen S, Jaakkola S, Kangasniemi R, Sariola J, Khalili H. Effects of increasing concentrate energy supply on the performance of loose-housed dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(03)00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yrjänen S, Kaustell K, Kangasniemi R, Sariola J, Khalili H. Effects of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows housed in a free stall barn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Virkajärvi P, Sairanen A, Nousiainen J, Khalili H. Effect of herbage allowance on pasture utilization, regrowth and milk yield of dairy cows in early, mid and late season. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Khalili H, Huhtanen P. Effect of casein infusion in the rumen, duodenum or both sites on factors affecting forage intake and performance of dairy cows fed red clover-grass silage. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:909-18. [PMID: 12018436 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four lactating dairy cows were used in a balanced 4 x 4 Latin square design to examine the effects of casein infusion in the rumen, duodenum, or both on the intake of red clover-grass silage, chewing behavior, diet digestion, microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation, digestion, and passage kinetics, milk production, and milk composition. Duodenal infusion increased eating time, silage intake, rumen neutral detergent fiber pool, yields of milk, protein, and lactose, and concentration of milk protein, and tended to decrease that of milk fat. Ruminal infusion tended to decrease eating time, and increased significantly microbial protein synthesis, rumen ammonia-N concentration, molar proportions of isovalerate and valerate, digestion rate of digestible neutral detergent fiber, passage rate of indigestible neutral detergent fiber, and milk urea content, and decreased rumen neutral detergent fiber pool. Silage intake, and yields of milk, protein, and lactose were highest when casein was simultaneously infused in both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Jokioinen.
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Huhtanen P, Khalili H, Nousiainen J, Rinne M, Jaakkola S, Heikkilä T, Nousiainen J. Prediction of the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The current research assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Shiraz, Iran by randomly selecting 1,335 subjects (782 men and 553 women) from the city for a face-to-face interview and completion of a questionnaire. Of the participants, 205 (26%) of the men and 20 (3.6%) of the women reported being current smokers. The mean ages of smokers and nonsmokers were 41.8 and 37.0 yr., respectively (range between 16 and 90 years for smokers and nonsmokers). The mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes was 21.3 yr. (range of 10 to 60). The most common reasons for current cigarette smoking were Need to avoid withdrawal symptoms, Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Foreign filter-tipped cigarettes were the most common type consumed. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 13.4 (SD = 10.3). Reports for onset of cigarette smoking included Modeling, Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Cigarette smoking was reported by more males than females. The most common reason for onset of cigarette smoking was different from that for current smoking. Frequencies of smokers within age groups were varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahmadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Ahmadi J, Khalili H, Jooybar R, Namazi N, Aghaei PM. Cigarette smoking among Iranian medical students, resident physicians and attending physicians. Eur J Med Res 2001; 6:406-8. [PMID: 11591531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian medical students, resident physicians and attending physicians. METHODS Subjects (532 males and females) were selected randomly from Shiraz university of medical sciences and were administered by a questionnaire. FINDINGS Of the participants 16.79% of males and 0.69% of females were smokers. Of the medical students, 18.48% of students, 12.5% of pre-externship students, 7.19% of externship students and 16.95% of internship students were smokers. Of resident physicians 11.11% were smokers. Among attending physicians 7.57% were smokers. The most common causes of current cigarette smoking were need (avoid withdrawal symptoms), pleasurable purposes and release of tension, respectively. Foreign filter tipped cigarette was the most common type of cigarette used. The mean of cigarette per day was 6.29 cigarettes and the mean age of starting cigarette was 19.71 years.
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Kamura T, Burian D, Khalili H, Schmidt SL, Sato S, Liu WJ, Conrad MN, Conaway RC, Conaway JW, Shilatifard A. Cloning and characterization of ELL-associated proteins EAP45 and EAP20. a role for yeast EAP-like proteins in regulation of gene expression by glucose. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:16528-33. [PMID: 11278625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010142200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL was recently purified from rat liver as a component of a multiprotein complex containing ELL and three ELL-associated proteins (EAPs) of approximately 45 (EAP45), approximately 30 (EAP30), and approximately 20 (EAP20) kDa (Shilatifard, A. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11212-11217). Cloning of cDNA encoding the EAP30 protein revealed that it shares significant sequence similarity with the product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF8 gene (Schmidt, A. E., Miller, T., Schmidt, S. L., Shiekhattar, R., and Shilatifard, A. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 21981-21985), which is required for efficient derepression of glucose-repressed genes. Here we report the cloning of cDNAs encoding the EAP45 and EAP20 proteins. In addition, we identify the S. cerevisiae VPS36 and YJR102c genes as potential orthologs of EAP45 and EAP20 and show that they are previously uncharacterized SNF genes with properties very similar to SNF8.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamura
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Epstein DM, Chappell LL, Khalili H, Supkowski RM, Horrocks WD, Morrow JR. Eu(III) macrocyclic complexes promote cleavage of and bind to models for the 5'-cap of mRNA. Effect of pendent group and a second metal ion. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2130-4. [PMID: 12526524 DOI: 10.1021/ic9912068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of three Eu(III) macrocyclic complexes Eu(THED)3+, Eu(ATHC)3+, and Eu(ATHC)3+, and Eu(S-THP)3+ with two 5'-cap model compounds, GpppG and m7GpppG is studied (THED = 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,-10-tetraazacyclododecane, ATHC = 1-(carbamoylmethyl)-4,7,10-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane, S-THP = 1S,4S,7S,10S-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). Laser-induced excitation luminescence spectroscopy is used to study the binding of Eu(S-THP)3+ to GpppG (K = 5.9 x 10(4) M-1) and to characterize the Eu(S-THP)-GpppG complex. Both Eu(THED)3+ and Eu(S-THP)3+ bind to m7GpppG as monitored by use of fluorescence spectroscopy with binding constants of 5.9 x 10(3) and 4.4 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. The kinetics of cleavage of GpppG by two macrocyclic complexes is studied. Cleavage of GpppG by Eu(THED)3+ is accelerated by 15-fold in the presence of an equivalent of Zn(NO3)2 at pH 7.3, 37 degrees C, suggesting that two metal ions accelerate the cap cleavage reaction. Eu(ATHC)3+ promotes cleavage of GpppG with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 2.6 x 10(-5) s-1 at pH 7.3, 37 degrees C, and 0.30 mM complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Epstein
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York 14260, USA
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Abstract
Mutations in the human p53 tumor suppressor gene are prominently linked to sporadic cancers in breast, lung and other tissues. Recent research has shown that tobacco-associated cancer in the human lung is related to mutation of the p53 gene mediated by the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and the mutations are targeted to DNA "hot spots" at specific codons. In order to gain insight into the relation between the structures of the adducts formed by BaP at these sites and their mutagenic activities, we have synthesized site-specifically modified oligo-nucleotide adducts of the active BaP diol epoxide metabolite (anti-BaPDE). This manuscript reports on the mutagenic consequences of replication past anti-BaPDE-deoxyadenosine adducts located within a sequence context related to codon 157 in exon 5 of the p53 gene. In this sequence context, the adduct derived from the carcinogenic 7R,8S-dihydrodiol 9S,10R-epoxide was much more active as a mutagen than the adduct derived from the noncarcinogenic 7S,8R-dihydrodiol 9R,10S-epoxide and the mutation found most frequently was an A-->G transition. Since previous studies in other sequence contexts have yielded somewhat different findings, these studies further emphasize the key role played by sequence context in determining the mutational properties of carcinogen-DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- Chemistry of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
We have previously reported that placental macrophages of fetal origin have a decreased ability to present antigen. To clarify the underlying mechanism for this deficiency, we have generated primary fetal macrophage cell lines. Our data show that despite their defective antigen-presenting ability, fetal macrophages do express all known accessory molecules, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, B7 and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. However, fetal macrophages do not express detectable invariant chain mRNA which is known to have a major role in the class II-associated antigen-processing pathway. Since fetal macrophages can neither present antigenic peptides nor superantigen, the diminished invariant chain expression alone cannot account for the impaired antigen-presenting function of fetal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, New York University Medical College, Manhasset 11030, USA
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Ito K, Fetten J, Khalili H, Hajdu S, Busch E, Pergolizzi R, Vinciguerra V, Chang MD. Oligoclonality of CD8+ T cells in breast cancer patients. Mol Med 1997; 3:836-51. [PMID: 9440117 PMCID: PMC2230280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence has suggested that T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity. T cells with cytotoxic activity against tumors have been isolated from in vitro culture of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes of cancer patients. In addition, clonal expansions of T cells have been identified in lesions of tumors by using a PCR-based CDR3 analysis of T cell receptors (TCR). Since the CDR3 region of the T cell receptor directly interacts with the antigen-MHC complex and is thus highly polymorphic, a dominant CDR3 length in a particular TCR V beta population will indicate the clonal expansion of a specific T cell clone. Utilizing this technique, we have analyzed the T cell repertoire in lymph nodes (LNs) and peripheral blood of 20 breast cancer patients. Our results show that in most cases, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MCs) and LN express dominant CD8+ T cell clones in different V beta gene families, and the number of dominant clones is higher in PBMC than in the LN. Furthermore, in 7 out of 16 patients' lymph nodes, there is a dominant V beta 18 T cell clonal expansion in the CD8+ T cell subset. The frequency of an oligoclonal expansion of V beta 18 CD8+ T cells in non-breast cancer lymph nodes is 1 out of 9, but no obvious motif in the CDR3 region of V beta 18 TCR can be identified. The prevalence of the clonal dominance found in breast cancer is discussed in the context of a possible tumor-related antigen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-New York University Medical College, Manhasset, USA
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Deshpande R, Khalili H, Pergolizzi RG, Michael SD, Chang MD. Estradiol down-regulates LPS-induced cytokine production and NFkB activation in murine macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 38:46-54. [PMID: 9266010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that estradiol can affect cytokine production in different cell types. This study examines whether estradiol affects inflammatory cytokine production by murine splenic macrophages. METHODS Mouse splenic macrophages were first treated with 17 beta-estradiol, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The production of cytokines by macrophages with or without estradiol treatment was determined at both the protein and mRNA levels. The nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) activity of activated mouse splenic macrophages was also evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULT Our results show that 17 beta-estradiol decreases LPS-induced IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha production but not IL-10, IL-12, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) production by splenic macrophages. Furthermore, inhibition of cytokine production by 17 beta-estradiol was associated with a decreased LPS-induced NFkB-binding activity. CONCLUSION Because cytokines are important mediators of immune function, the alteration of cytokine production by 17 beta-estradiol may thus have a profound effect on the outcome of immune response during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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Osuji PO, Nsahlai IV, Khalili H. Effect of Fasting on the Urinary Excretion of Nitrogen and Purine Derivatives by Zebu(Bos indicus)and Crossbred (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) Cattle. Journal of Applied Animal Research 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.1996.9706129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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