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Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng JN, Yang LJ, Luo Y, Yao YL, Liu MQ, Xie TT, Lin HF, He YT, Zhou P, Hu B, Tian RJ, Shi ZL. N-linked glycoproteins and host proteases are involved in swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus entry. J Virol 2023; 97:e0091623. [PMID: 37772826 PMCID: PMC10617469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00916-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gaining insight into the cell-entry mechanisms of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is critical for investigating potential cross-species infections. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of host cells with tunicamycin decreased SADS-CoV attachment efficiency, indicating that N-linked glycosylation of host cells was involved in SADS-CoV entry. Common N-linked sugars Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac did not interact with the SADS-CoV S1 protein, suggesting that these molecules were not involved in SADS-CoV entry. Additionally, various host proteases participated in SADS-CoV entry into diverse cells with different efficiencies. Our findings suggested that SADS-CoV may exploit multiple pathways to enter cells, providing insights into intervention strategies targeting the cell entry of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-ting Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Jun Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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2
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Lin HF, Liu MQ, Jiang RD, Gong QC, Su J, Guo ZS, Chen Y, Jia JK, Dong TY, Zhu Y, Li A, Shen XR, Wang Y, Li B, Xie TT, Yang XL, Hu B, Shi ZL. Characterization of a mouse-adapted strain of bat severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0079023. [PMID: 37607058 PMCID: PMC10537601 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00790-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats carry genetically diverse severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs). Some of them utilize human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as a receptor and cannot efficiently replicate in wild-type mice. Our previous study demonstrated that the bat SARSr-CoV rRsSHC014S induces respiratory infection and lung damage in hACE2 transgenic mice but not wild-type mice. In this study, we generated a mouse-adapted strain of rRsSHC014S, which we named SMA1901, by serial passaging of wild-type virus in BALB/c mice. SMA1901 showed increased infectivity in mouse lungs and induced interstitial lung pneumonia in both young and aged mice after intranasal inoculation. Genome sequencing revealed mutations in not only the spike protein but the whole genome, which may be responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity of SMA1901 in wild-type BALB/c mice. SMA1901 induced age-related mortality similar to that observed in SARS and COVID-19. Drug testing using antibodies and antiviral molecules indicated that this mouse-adapted virus strain can be used to test prophylactic and therapeutic drug candidates against SARSr-CoVs. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity of SARSr-CoVs in wildlife and their potential risk of cross-species infection highlights the importance of developing a powerful animal model to evaluate the antibodies and antiviral drugs. We acquired the mouse-adapted strain of a bat-origin coronavirus named SMA1901 by natural serial passaging of rRsSHC014S in BALB/c mice. The SMA1901 infection caused interstitial pneumonia and inflammatory immune responses in both young and aged BALB/c mice after intranasal inoculation. Our model exhibited age-related mortality similar to SARS and COVID-19. Therefore, our model will be of high value for investigating the pathogenesis of bat SARSr-CoVs and could serve as a prospective test platform for prophylactic and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Di Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Chun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Kun Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Rui Shen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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3
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Guo H, Hu B, Si HR, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Li B, Li A, Geng R, Lin HF, Yang XL, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Identification of a novel lineage bat SARS-related coronaviruses that use bat ACE2 receptor. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1507-1514. [PMID: 34263709 PMCID: PMC8344244 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1956373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe respiratory disease coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most devastating disease COVID-19 in the century. One of the unsolved scientific questions of SARS-CoV-2 is the animal origin of this virus. Bats and pangolins are recognized as the most probable reservoir hosts that harbour highly similar SARS-CoV-2 related viruses (SARSr-CoV-2). This study identified a novel lineage of SARSr-CoVs, including RaTG15 and seven other viruses, from bats at the same location where we found RaTG13 in 2015. Although RaTG15 and the related viruses share 97.2% amino acid sequence identities with SARS-CoV-2 in the conserved ORF1b region, it only shows less than 77.6% nucleotide identity to all known SARSr-CoVs at the genome level, thus forming a distinct lineage in the Sarbecovirus phylogenetic tree. We found that the RaTG15 receptor-binding domain (RBD) can bind to ACE2 from Rhinolophus affinis, Malayan pangolin, and use it as an entry receptor, except for ACE2 from humans. However, it contains a short deletion and has different key residues responsible for ACE2 binding. In addition, we showed that none of the known viruses in bat SARSr-CoV-2 lineage discovered uses human ACE2 as efficiently as the pangolin-derived SARSr-CoV-2 or some viruses in the SARSr-CoV-1 lineage. Therefore, further systematic and longitudinal studies in bats are needed to prevent future spillover events caused by SARSr-CoVs or to understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2 better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Rui Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Chen Y, Liu MQ, Luo Y, Jiang RD, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Shen XR, Lin HF, Zhao K, Hu B, Shi ZL, Yang XL. Genetic Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 during Consecutive Passages in Permissive Cells. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1073-1076. [PMID: 33900543 PMCID: PMC8071843 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Di Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao-Rui Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xu-Rui Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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5
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Feng XL, Li B, Lin HF, Zheng HY, Tian RR, Luo RH, Liu MQ, Jiang RD, Zheng YT, Shi ZL, Bi YH, Yang XL. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surfaces of Three Meats in the Setting That Simulates the Cold Chain Transportation. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1069-1072. [PMID: 33830436 PMCID: PMC8027709 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Feng
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Ren-Di Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Hai Bi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warningarning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the causative agent of a severe respiratory disease with a high mortality of ~ 35%. The lack of approved treatments for MERS-CoV infection underscores the need for a user-friendly system for rapid drug screening. In this study, we constructed a MERS-CoV replicon containing the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) reporter gene and a stable luciferase replicon-carrying cell line. Using this cell line, we showed that MERS-CoV replication was inhibited by combined application of lopinavir and ritonavir, indicating that this cell line can be used to screen inhibitors of MERS-CoV replication. Importantly, the MERS-replicon cell line can be used for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs without the need for live virus handling, providing an effective and safe tool for the discovery of antiviral drugs against MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing-Jie Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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7
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Zhao D, Che NY, Song ZG, Liu CC, Wang L, Shi HY, Dong YJ, Lin HF, Mu J, Ying L, Yang QC, Gao YN, Chen WS, Wang SH, Xu W, Jin ML. [Pathological diagnosis of lung cancer based on deep transfer learning]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020; 49:1120-1125. [PMID: 33152815 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200615-00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic system for lung cancer via deep transfer learning. Methods: The researchers collected 519 lung pathologic slides from 2016 to 2019, covering various lung tissues, including normal tissues, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, from the Beijing Chest Hospital, the Capital Medical University. The slides were digitized by scanner, and 316 slides were used as training set and 203 as the internal test set. The researchers labeled all the training slides by pathologists and establish a semantic segmentation model based on DeepLab v3 with ResNet-50 to detect lung cancers at the pixel level. To perform transfer learning, the researchers utilized the gastric cancer detection model to initialize the deep neural network parameters. The lung cancer detection convolutional neural network was further trained by fine-tuning of the labeled data. The deep learning model was tested by 203 slides in the internal test set and 1 081 slides obtained from TCIA database, named as the external test set. Results: The model trained with transfer learning showed substantial accuracy advantage against the one trained from scratch for the internal test set [area under curve (AUC) 0.988 vs. 0.971, Kappa 0.852 vs. 0.832]. For the external test set, the transferred model achieved an AUC of 0.968 and Kappa of 0.828, indicating superior generalization ability. By studying the predictions made by the model, the researchers obtained deeper understandings of the deep learning model. Conclusions: The lung cancer histopathological diagnostic system achieves higher accuracy and superior generalization ability. With the development of histopathological AI, the transfer learning can effectively train diagnosis models and shorten the learning period, and improve the model performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - N Y Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Z G Song
- Department of Pathology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - C C Liu
- Thorough Images Co. LTD, Beijing 100083, China
| | - L Wang
- Thorough Images Co. LTD, Beijing 100083, China
| | - H Y Shi
- Department of Pathology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y J Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - H F Lin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - J Mu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - L Ying
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Huhhot 010080, China
| | - Q C Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Y N Gao
- Department of Pathology, Changchun Infectious Diseases/Tuberculosis Hospital, Changchun 132000, China
| | - W S Chen
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province,China
| | - S H Wang
- Thorough Images Co. LTD, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W Xu
- Tsinghua University Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M L Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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8
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Liu F, Lin HF, Liu Y, Zhou A, Dai YT. Femtosecond-induced spiral micro-structured SMS fiber structure for refractive index measurement. Opt Express 2018; 26:17388-17396. [PMID: 30119550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A single-multi-single mode (SMS) fiber structure with spiral microgroove, fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription has been proposed and successfully employed for refractive index (RI) sensing. The multimode interference in the SMS structure is effectively affected by the external perturbation due to the microgroove, which goes deep into the core of the multimode fiber (MMF). Experimental results show that this femtosecond-induced spiral micro-structured SMS (FISM-SMS) fiber structure exhibits a linear response to eternal liquid refractive index in a large RI range of 1.3373-1.4345. The maximum sensitivity of the structure can reach to 2144 nm/RIU and can be further improved by increasing the depth of the spiral micro-grooves.
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9
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Li J, Dai RX, Chen DJ, Wang CM, Lin HF, Li YR, Tang J, Zhai JX. [Effects of extracellular regulated protein kinases protein and impairment of blood testis barriar stucturein of mice with exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 50:1096-1101. [PMID: 28057115 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study changes in expression of claudin-11 and proteins related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, as well as the ultrastructure of the blood testis barrier (BTB), in male ICR mice exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Methods: Fifty-two mice, 4 weeks of age, weighing 15-21 g, were provided with adaptive feeding for 1 week. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, named control, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups. The treated groups received BDE-209, by intragastric gavage, at doses, respectively, of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks and organs harvested on ice, weighed and stored at -80 °C. The ultrastructure of testicular tissues was examined by electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to detect proteins related to the MAPK pathway, including p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) , phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) , c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and the BTB tight junction protein claudin-11. Analyze the difference between each groups. Results: At sacrifice, the body weights in each treated group were compared with those in the control group weighing (41.14 ± 0.60) g. Compared with controls, body weights were significantly different (P<0.05) in the middle dose, at (39.97 ± 0.66) g and high dose, at (39.98± 0.55) g in control group. The coefficients of the testis were significantly lower (P<0.05) in each treated group than in controls, with values of (0.37±0.0)%, (0.31±0.05)% and (0.31±0.04)% for low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The epidymus coefficient values were also significantly lower than controls (P<0.05), with values of (0.16±0.06)%, (0.11±0.05)% and (0.07±0.03)%, respectively in the same three dose groups. Electron microscopy ultrastructure showed that, compared with the control group, the testes in the middle and high dose groups had closely connected fractures, cell edema and more vacuoles. Compared with in the control group, levels of p-p38 and p-JNK in testicular tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the control group and in low-, medium- and high-dose groups, the p-p38/p38 ratios were 1.35±0.13, 3.46±0.10, 5.71±0.26 and 4.79±0.21, respectively. The corresponding p-JNK/JNK ratios were 2.07±0.0, 4.77±0.18, 3.63±0.06 and 4.85±0.15. Claudin-11 levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) than control values in each dosed group. The corresponding values in control, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were 8.33±0.36, 2.06±0.27, 3.37±0.27 and 1.55±0.19, respectively. Conclusion: BDE-209 increased expression of proteins in the MAPK pathway and decreased expression of the BTB tight junction protein claudin-11 in testicular tissue. It also caused ultrastructural damage to the Sertoli cell BTB tight junctions. This suggested that BDE-209 might damage Sertoli cells BTB through effects on the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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10
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Wang SC, Lin HF, Wu CF, Lin BN, Wang YS, Huang YJ. Aerobic power assessment by using a 10 min heart rate control running on treadmill. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2010; 50:32-36. [PMID: 20308969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the reliability and validity of a proposed 10 min running speed variance test (RSVHRC) in assessing aerobic power at which the intensity was controlled at 80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (HR). METHODS Forty-four college students (21 men and 23 women, age: 21+/-3 years, height: 166.6+/-7.9 cm, weight: 61.7+/-9.3 kg) were recruited to undergo 2 RSVHRC test trials, and a maximal exercise test at least 24 hours apart. The test consisted of a 3-min warm-up at 1.67 km/h, followed by adjusting speed up to either at 2.5 m/s or 2.78 m/s immediately depending upon onset HR after the warm-up. HR was monitored every 30 seconds and running speed was adjusted accordingly to maintain HR (+/-5bpm) for 10 minutes. RSVHRC was determined by the slope of distance/time relationship from 3rd to 10th min. RESULTS Pair t-test showed that there was no significant difference between 1st (2.38+/-0.58 m/s) and 2nd trial (2.40+/-0.63 m/s). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) score showed that RSVHRC was highly reliable (ICC=0.98, 95% CI=0.97-0.99). Coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement (SEM), and %SEM were 4.8%, 0.12 m/s, 5.02% respectively. Additionally, a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient demonstrated 2 trials were correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (46.6+/-8.1 mL/kg/min) at r=0.74, 0.71 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, 80%HRmax RSVHRC is an easy and highly reliable submaximal exercise test that provides good validity to assess aerobic power in young and healthy population, which can be applied on treadmill setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Wang
- National Chung Cheng University, Graduate Institute of Sport and Leisure Science, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Lai SW, Ng KC, Lin HF, Chen HL. Association between obesity and hyperlipidemia among children. Yale J Biol Med 2001; 74:205-10. [PMID: 11697478 PMCID: PMC2588770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to show the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia among the children. METHODS In March 2000, while conducting a comprehensive health examination, we analyzed 2011 children from the first grade of primary schools in Taichung City in Taiwan. To study the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia, the t test, chi-square analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used. RESULTS There were 1057 boys (52.56 percent) and 954 girls (47.44 percent). The mean age was 7.27 +/- 0.46 years. The proportion of overweight was 11.07 percent in boys and 11.64 percent in girls. The proportion of obesity was 14.19 percent in boys and 12.89 percent in girls. After controlling the other covariates, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight was associated with a low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Obesity was associated with hypertriglyceridemia, a high level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings disclosed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in childhood. Early intervention to control and prevent childhood obesity might be warranted. Obesity was associated with hyperlipidemia in children. A wide-scale survey will be suggested in the future to establish causal-effect issues between obesiyy and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lai
- Department of Community Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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13
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Fu YC, Jin XP, Wei SM, Lin HF, Kacew S. Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen generation as inducers of keratinocyte apoptosis: protective role of tea polyphenols. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000; 61:177-188. [PMID: 11036506 DOI: 10.1080/00984100050131323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation produces serious damage to skin, especially to dermis, but its damage to epidermis and responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. Studies were thus undertaken to investigate the effects of UVA or reactive oxygen species (ROS) on lipid peroxidation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat keratinocytes and to determine the possible protective effects of tea polyphenols (TPP). UVA or ROS increased the release of plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increased lipid peroxidation production (malondialdehyde, MDA), but decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), indicating that UVA or ROS were cytostatic and peroxidizing to keratinocytes. TPP stabilized and protected cell membranes from ROS or UVA by inhibiting the release of LDH, lowering MDA levels, and increasing GSH-Px activity. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that UVA or ROS decreased the proliferative index (PI); hence the cell growth was blocked in the S/G2 phase, with an increase in the percentage of apoptosis in primary keratinocytes. TPP modified the UVA or ROS-induced changes in PI and apoptosis. TPP may be useful to protect keratinocytes from UVA irradiation. In summary, these data demonstrated that UVA damage to skin keratinocytes in vitro was similar to that for ROS and that TPP protects against UVA-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical University, People's Republic of China
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14
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Lu RZ, Chen CF, Lin HF, Huang LM, Jin XP. Preliminary validation of tumor cell attachment inhibition assay for developmental toxicants with mouse S180 cells. Biomed Environ Sci 1999; 12:253-259. [PMID: 10840581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the possibility of using ascitic mouse sarcoma cell line (S180) to validate the mouse tumor cell attachment assay for developmental toxicants, and to test the inhibitory effects of various developmental toxicants. The results showed that 2 of 3 developmental toxicants under consideration, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol, significantly inhibited S180 cells attachment to Concanavalin A-coated surfaces. Inhibition was dependent on concentration, and the IC50 (the concentration that reduced attachment by 50%), of these 2 chemicals was 1.2 x 10(-3) mol/L and 1.0 mol/L, respectively. Another developmental toxicant, hydrocortisone, did not show inhibitory activity. Two non-developmental toxicants, sodium chloride and glycine were also tested and these did not decrease attachment rates. The main results reported here were generally similar to those obtained with ascitic mouse ovarian tumor cells as a model. Therefore, this study added further evidence to the conclusion that cell specificity does not limit attachment inhibition to Con A-coated surfaces, so S180 cell may serve as an alternative cell model, especially when other cell lines are unavailable. Furthermore, after optimal validation, it can be suggested that an S180 cell attachment assay may be a candidate for a series of assays to detect developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhenjiang Medical College, China.
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15
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Yin L, Jin XP, Yu XZ, Lin HF. Flow cytometric analysis of the toxicity of nitrofen in cultured keratinocytes. Biomed Environ Sci 1999; 12:144-149. [PMID: 10560540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test, 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) and 3H-leucine (3H-Leu) incorporation tests and flow cytometric analysis (FCM) of cell cycle were employed to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanism of nitrofen-induced toxicity in cultured keratinocytes. The results showed that cell morphologic damages were observed after exposure to 1.0 mmol/L and 10.0 mmol/L nitrofen. LDH release increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Depressions in 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu incorporation were found even at 0.01 mmol/L, and increased with the exposure dose. Cell cycle was analyzed from the DNA- histogram with propidium iodide stain. The results showed that there was no pronounced alteration in cell cycle after cells exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 mmol/L nitrofen. At dose of 1.0 mmol/L, S phase cells increased 2 times of that of control. With the increase of dose, G2/M phase cells became to increase about 5 times of that of the control. At 1.0 mmol/L, time course of cell cycle after exposure was observed. At the beginning of exposure, cells in S phase and G2/M phase were about 8.7% and 11%. Following 24 h incubation with nitrofen, cells in S phase increased to 18.0% with almost no change in G2/M. 72 h after exposure, G2/M phase cells increased to 63.3%. The above results demonstrated that S phase and G2/M phase blockage in cultured keratinocytes after exposed to nitrofen seems of importance in the mechanism of nitrofen-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical University, China
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Snyder RO, Miao C, Meuse L, Tubb J, Donahue BA, Lin HF, Stafford DW, Patel S, Thompson AR, Nichols T, Read MS, Bellinger DA, Brinkhous KM, Kay MA. Correction of hemophilia B in canine and murine models using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. Nat Med 1999; 5:64-70. [PMID: 9883841 DOI: 10.1038/4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia B, or factor IX deficiency, is an X-linked recessive disorder occurring in about 1 in 25,000 males. Affected individuals are at risk for spontaneous bleeding into many organs; treatment mainly consists of the transfusion of clotting factor concentrates prepared from human blood or recombinant sources after bleeding has started. Small- and large-animal models have been developed and/or characterized that closely mimic the human disease state. As a preclinical model for gene therapy, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors containing the human or canine factor IX cDNAs were infused into the livers of murine and canine models of hemophilia B, respectively. There was no associated toxicity with infusion in either animal model. Constitutive expression of factor IX was observed, which resulted in the correction of the bleeding disorder over a period of over 17 months in mice. Mice with a steady-state concentration of 25% of the normal human level of factor IX had normal coagulation. In hemophilic dogs, a dose of rAAV that was approximately 1/10 per body weight that given to mice resulted in 1% of normal canine factor IX levels, the absence of inhibitors, and a sustained partial correction of the coagulation defect for at least 8 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Snyder
- Cell Genesys Inc., Foster City, California 94404, USA
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17
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Kung SH, Hagstrom JN, Cass D, Tai SJ, Lin HF, Stafford DW, High KA. Human factor IX corrects the bleeding diathesis of mice with hemophilia B. Blood 1998; 91:784-90. [PMID: 9446637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with hemophilia B have been engineered using gene targeting techniques. These animals exhibit severe factor IX deficiency and a clinical phenotype that mirrors the human disease. We have bred the founder animals onto two different strains of mice, C57B1/6 and CD-1, and have sought to determine whether adenoviral vectors expressing human factor IX could correct the bleeding diathesis of mice with hemophilia B. Initial experiments showed that purified plasma-derived human factor IX added to murine factor IX-deficient plasma resulted in complete correction of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and that injection of 10(11) particles of an adenoviral vector expressing human factor IX resulted in normalization of a modified aPTT in mouse plasma. As an additional method of assessing the function of human factor IX in the murine coagulation system, bleeding times were performed in normal, hemophilic, and adenoviral-treated hemophilic mice. By two different bleeding-time techniques, the treated hemophilic mice gave values identical to normal littermate controls, whereas the untreated hemophilic mice exhibited heavy blood loss and prolonged bleeding. There was a marked difference in antibody formation in the two strains of mice; 100% of the hemophilic CD-1 mice formed antibodies to human factor IX, but none of the C57B1/6 mice did. These data suggest that the C57B1/6 hemophilic mice will be more useful for gene transfer studies, while the CD-1 hemophilic mice may be of greater utility in studying the development of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Lin HF, Maeda N, Smithies O, Straight DL, Stafford DW. A coagulation factor IX-deficient mouse model for human hemophilia B. Blood 1997; 90:3962-6. [PMID: 9354664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor IX deficiency causes hemophilia B in humans. We have used gene targeting to develop a coagulation factor IX-deficient (factor IX-knockout) mouse strain. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were targeted by a socket-containing vector that replaces the promoter through exon 3 of the factor IX gene by neoDeltaHPRT, which is a functional neo gene plus a partially deleted hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase minigene. Chimeric mice generated using these socket-containing ES cells transmitted the targeted factor IX gene to their female offspring. Male offspring from these females were characterized and shown to exhibit a phenotype similar to hemophilia B. This factor IX-deficient mouse strain will be useful for studying gene therapy methods and structure-function relationships of recombinant factor IX proteins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Lin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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Yu XZ, Jin XP, Yin L, Shen GZ, Lin HF, Wang YL. Influence of in vitro methods, receptor fluids on percutaneous absorption and validation of a novel in vitro method. Biomed Environ Sci 1994; 7:248-258. [PMID: 7848554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiment using excised skin has been valuable for studying the mechanism of percutaneous absorption. Based on previously established static diffusion cell system in this laboratory, a novel model-perfused glass diffusion cell system is designed. The results of initial comparative study on percutaneous absorption between glass perfused diffusion cell and static diffusion cell, in vitro and in vivo permeation as well as factors affecting permeation with seven radiolabelled chemicals are presented. The results demonstrate that the perfused diffusion cell system, which used a perfusion fluid below the surface of skin to take up the materials which penetrated the skin, is more similar to physiologic condition, convenient and automatic than that of the static cell. It well predicts the in vivo percutaneous absorption if appropriate receptor fluid is chosen. The results also show that the selection of receptor fluid is critical for in vitro permeation of chemicals with different solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Yu
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical University, China
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Yamamoto K, Lin HF, Yamashita M, Miyoshi N, Tojo A, Shibuya M. An EcoRI RFLP downstream of the human c-myc gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:6973. [PMID: 1684853 PMCID: PMC329364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Department of Genetics, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Lin HF, Wolfner MF. The Drosophila maternal-effect gene fs(1)Ya encodes a cell cycle-dependent nuclear envelope component required for embryonic mitosis. Cell 1991; 64:49-62. [PMID: 1986869 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90208-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The maternal-effect gene fs(1)Ya is specifically required for embryonic mitosis in Drosophila. fs(1)Ya is involved in the initiation of the first embryonic mitosis and may also be necessary for subsequent embryonic mitotic divisions. fs(1)Ya encodes a 91.3 kd hydrophilic protein containing two putative MPF phosphorylation target sites and two potential nuclear localization signals. This protein is synthesized during postoogenic maturation from its maternal RNA and persists throughout embryogenesis. In early embryos, the fs(1)Ya protein is localized to the nuclear envelope from interphase to metaphase. During anaphase and telophase, it is dispersed in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, a behavior that is different from that of both the nuclear envelope and lamins. These results suggest that the fs(1)Ya protein is a cell cycle-dependent component of the nuclear envelope that specifically functions in embryonic mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Lin
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
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Rich DH, Miller T, Samsavar A, Lin HF, Chiang T. Adsorption and growth of Sn on Si(100) from synchrotron photoemission studies. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:10221-10228. [PMID: 9944454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Mu JY, Cheung MH, Lin HF. [Plasma level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and apolipoproteins A-I and B in normal and healthy Chinese adults]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1988; 41:255-62. [PMID: 3179813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rich DH, Samsavar A, Miller T, Lin HF, Chiang T, Sundgren J, Greene JE. Coordination determination of In on Si(100) from synchrotron photoemission studies. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:579-582. [PMID: 10034977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Wang YL, Jin XP, Jiang XZ, Lin HF, Li F. Percutaneous absorption of radioactively labelled pesticides. A summary of 20 years' research. Chin Med J (Engl) 1984; 97:443-6. [PMID: 6437765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Chen XC, Tong XZ, Yu XY, Liu SR, Lin HF, Dong JG, Yin TA, Yan HC, Huang ZS, Liu WX. Pellagra prevention. Chin Med J (Engl) 1980; 93:785-8. [PMID: 6775890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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