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Hanke A, Hamann E, Sharma R, Geelhoed JS, Hargesheimer T, Kraft B, Meyer V, Lenk S, Osmers H, Wu R, Makinwa K, Hettich RL, Banfield JF, Tegetmeyer HE, Strous M. Recoding of the stop codon UGA to glycine by a BD1-5/SN-2 bacterium and niche partitioning between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in a tidal sediment microbial community naturally selected in a laboratory chemostat. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:231. [PMID: 24904545 PMCID: PMC4032931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandy coastal sediments are global hotspots for microbial mineralization of organic matter and denitrification. These sediments are characterized by advective porewater flow, tidal cycling and an active and complex microbial community. Metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities sampled from such sediments showed that potential sulfur oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria and members of the enigmatic BD1-5/SN-2 candidate phylum were abundant in situ (>10% and ~2% respectively). By mimicking the dynamic oxic/anoxic environmental conditions of the sediment in a laboratory chemostat, a simplified microbial community was selected from the more complex inoculum. Metagenomics, proteomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that this simplified community contained both a potential sulfur oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria (at 24 ± 2% abundance) and a member of the BD1-5/SN-2 candidate phylum (at 7 ± 6% abundance). Despite the abundant supply of organic substrates to the chemostat, proteomic analysis suggested that the selected gammaproteobacterium grew partially autotrophically and performed hydrogen/formate oxidation. The enrichment of a member of the BD1-5/SN-2 candidate phylum enabled, for the first time, direct microscopic observation by fluorescent in situ hybridization and the experimental validation of the previously predicted translation of the stop codon UGA into glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanke
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Emmo Hamann
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Ritin Sharma
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA ; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Theresa Hargesheimer
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Beate Kraft
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Volker Meyer
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Sabine Lenk
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Osmers
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Rong Wu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Kofi Makinwa
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Robert L Hettich
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA ; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Halina E Tegetmeyer
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany ; Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marc Strous
- Microbial Fitness Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany ; Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany ; Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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Polerecky L, Bissett A, Al-Najjar M, Faerber P, Osmers H, Suci PA, Stoodley P, de Beer D. Modular spectral imaging system for discrimination of pigments in cells and microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:758-71. [PMID: 19074609 PMCID: PMC2632136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00819-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a spectral imaging system for minimally invasive identification, localization, and relative quantification of pigments in cells and microbial communities. The modularity of the system allows pigment detection on spatial scales ranging from the single-cell level to regions whose areas are several tens of square centimeters. For pigment identification in vivo absorption and/or autofluorescence spectra are used as the analytical signals. Along with the hardware, which is easy to transport and simple to assemble and allows rapid measurement, we describe newly developed software that allows highly sensitive and pigment-specific analyses of the hyperspectral data. We also propose and describe a number of applications of the system for microbial ecology, including identification of pigments in living cells and high-spatial-resolution imaging of pigments and the associated phototrophic groups in complex microbial communities, such as photosynthetic endolithic biofilms, microbial mats, and intertidal sediments. This system provides new possibilities for studying the role of spatial organization of microorganisms in the ecological functioning of complex benthic microbial communities or for noninvasively monitoring changes in the spatial organization and/or composition of a microbial community in response to changing environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Polerecky
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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Abstract
Flow cytometrically sex sorted spermatozoa are reduced in their fertilizing capacity, particularly when stored either in cooling extender or after freezing in liquid nitrogen. So far, preservation methods for sorted spermatozoa have differed only marginally from procedures used for unsorted semen. In the present study, a TRIS extender was modified to balance major cell damage caused by the sorting process and by liquid storage of the sorted spermatozoa. The new extender, containing a combination of antioxidants (AO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), significantly increased the lifespan and fertilizing capacity of sex sorted spermatozoa. No significant differences were observed between unsorted controls and sorted samples for motility and status of sperm membranes as tested by fluorescein-isothiocyanat-peanut agglutinin/propidium iodide (FITC-PNA/PI). Acrosome integrity of spermatozoa was significantly better when semen was stored at 15 degrees C for 24 and 48 h in an extender containing AO with or without BSA as compared with controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences, in pregnancy rates of heifers inseminated at a natural oestrus, between unsorted controls (16/24, 66.7%) and both sorted groups (AO + BSA: 18/31, 58.1% and AO-BSA: 12/22, 54.5%). Additionally, it was shown for the first time that artificial insemination (AI) with liquid sexed bull spermatozoa stored for 72 h after sorting can result in pregnancy rates similar to AI with non-sorted semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klinc
- Institute for Animal Breeding, Mariensee (FAL), Neustadt, Germany
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Merkt H, Osmers H, Varenhorst H, Gaus J. [Calving interval as a function of production and age]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1985; 92:4-6. [PMID: 3882388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Romanowski W, Marré H, Osmers H, Pfeilsticker J, Dehning R. [Relation between the rearing intensity of male breeding calves and subsequent qualification for insemination]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1983; 90:409-14. [PMID: 6360626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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