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Paniagua G, Jacob HKC, Brehey O, García-Alonso S, Lechuga CG, Pons T, Musteanu M, Guerra C, Drosten M, Barbacid M. KSR induces RAS-independent MAPK pathway activation and modulates the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3066-3081. [PMID: 35313064 PMCID: PMC9441002 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase suppressor of rat sarcoma (RAS) proteins (KSR1 and KSR2) have long been considered as scaffolding proteins required for optimal mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. However, recent evidence suggests that they play a more complex role within this pathway. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of KSR1 or KSR2 is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway and to induce cell proliferation in the absence of RAS proteins. In contrast, the ectopic expression of KSR proteins is not sufficient to induce cell proliferation in the absence of either rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) or MAPK‐ERK kinase proteins, indicating that they act upstream of RAF. Indeed, KSR1 requires dimerization with at least one member of the RAF family to stimulate proliferation, an event that results in the translocation of the heterodimerized RAF protein to the cell membrane. Mutations in the conserved aspartic acid–phenylalanine–glycine motif of KSR1 that affect ATP binding impair the induction of cell proliferation. We also show that increased expression levels of KSR1 decrease the responsiveness to the KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib in human cancer cell lines, thus suggesting that increased levels of expression of KSR may make tumour cells less dependent on KRAS oncogenic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Paniagua
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Oksana Brehey
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara García-Alonso
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen G Lechuga
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tirso Pons
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Palathingal Bava E, George J, Tarique M, Iyer S, Sahay P, Gomez Aguilar B, Edwards DB, Giri B, Sethi V, Jain T, Sharma P, Vaish U, C Jacob HK, Ferrantella A, Maynard CL, Saluja AK, Dawra RK, Dudeja V. Pirfenidone increases IL10 and improves acute pancreatitis in multiple clinically relevant murine models. JCI Insight 2021; 7:141108. [PMID: 34847076 PMCID: PMC8855813 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research there is no specific therapy for Acute Pancreatitis (AP). In the current study, we have evaluated the efficacy of pirfenidone, an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent which is FDA-approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in ameliorating local and systemic injury in AP. Our results suggest that treatment with pirfenidone in therapeutic settings (i.e. after initiation of injury), even when administered at the peak of injury, reduces severity of local and systemic injury and inflammation in multiple models of AP. In-vitro evaluation suggests that pirfenidone decreases cytokine release from acini and macrophages and disrupts acinar-macrophage crosstalk. Therapeutic pirfenidone treatment increases IL-10 secretion from macrophages preceding changes in histology and modulates the immune phenotype of inflammatory cells with decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Antibody-mediated IL-10 depletion, use of IL-10 Knock Out mice, and macrophage depletion experiments confirmed the role of IL-10 and macrophages in its mechanism of action, as pirfenidone was unable to reduce severity of AP in these scenarios. Since pirfenidone is FDA approved for IPF, a trial evaluating the efficacy of pirfenidone in patients with moderate to severe AP can be initiated expeditiously.Key Words: Acute Pancreatitis, Pirfenidone, Interleukin-10, L-arginine pancreatitis, Systemic inflammation, lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejas Palathingal Bava
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - John George
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Preeti Sahay
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Gomez Aguilar
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Dujon B Edwards
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Vrishketan Sethi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Tejeshwar Jain
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Utpreksha Vaish
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Anthony Ferrantella
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Rajinder K Dawra
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, United States of America
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
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3
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Giri B, Sharma P, Jain T, Ferrantella A, Vaish U, Mehra S, Garg B, Iyer S, Sethi V, Malchiodi Z, Signorelli R, Jacob HKC, George J, Sahay P, Bava EP, Dawra R, Ramakrishnan S, Saluja A, Dudeja V. Hsp70 modulates immune response in pancreatic cancer through dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1976952. [PMID: 34552825 PMCID: PMC8451449 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1976952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protein chaperone, is known to promote cell survival and tumor progression. However, its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely unknown. We specifically evaluated Hsp70 in the TME by implanting tumors in wild-type (WT) controls or Hsp70-/- animals, thus creating a TME with or without Hsp70. Loss of Hsp70 led to significantly smaller tumors; there were no differences in stromal markers, but interestingly, depletion of CD8 + T-cells abrogated this tumor suppressive effect, indicating that loss of Hsp70 in the TME affects tumor growth through the immune cells. Compared to WT, adoptive transfer of Hsp70-/- splenocytes exhibited greater antitumor activity in immunodeficient NSG and Rag 1-/- mice. Hsp70-/- dendritic cells showed increased expression of MHCII and TNF-α both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the absence of Hsp70 in the TME inhibits tumors through increased dendritic cell activation. Hsp70 inhibition in DCs may emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Giri
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tejeshwar Jain
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anthony Ferrantella
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Utpreksha Vaish
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Siddharth Mehra
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Bharti Garg
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vrishketan Sethi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zoe Malchiodi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Rossana Signorelli
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - John George
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Preeti Sahay
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ejas P Bava
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajinder Dawra
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sundaram Ramakrishnan
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Saluja
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrys K C Jacob
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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5
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Blasco MT, Navas C, Martín-Serrano G, Graña-Castro O, Lechuga CG, Martín-Díaz L, Djurec M, Li J, Morales-Cacho L, Esteban-Burgos L, Perales-Patón J, Bousquet-Mur E, Castellano E, Jacob HKC, Cabras L, Musteanu M, Drosten M, Ortega S, Mulero F, Sainz B, Dusetti N, Iovanna J, Sánchez-Bueno F, Hidalgo M, Khiabanian H, Rabadán R, Al-Shahrour F, Guerra C, Barbacid M. Complete Regression of Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas upon Combined Inhibition of EGFR and C-RAF. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:573-587.e6. [PMID: 30975481 PMCID: PMC10132447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Five-year survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients remains below 7% due to the lack of effective treatments. Here, we report that combined ablation of EGFR and c-RAF expression results in complete regression of a significant percentage of PDAC tumors driven by Kras/Trp53 mutations in genetically engineered mice. Moreover, systemic elimination of these targets induces toxicities that are well tolerated. Response to this targeted therapy correlates with transcriptional profiles that resemble those observed in human PDACs. Finally, inhibition of EGFR and c-RAF expression effectively blocked tumor progression in nine independent patient-derived xenografts carrying KRAS and TP53 mutations. These results open the door to the development of targeted therapies for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Blasco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Navas
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen G Lechuga
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Díaz
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdolna Djurec
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Morales-Cacho
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Esteban-Burgos
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Perales-Patón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilie Bousquet-Mur
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Castellano
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lavinia Cabras
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenic Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28018 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université et Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université et Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bueno
- Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Rosenberg Clinical Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hossein Khiabanian
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raul Rabadán
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Simón-Carrasco L, Graña O, Salmón M, Jacob HKC, Gutierrez A, Jiménez G, Drosten M, Barbacid M. Inactivation of Capicua in adult mice causes T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1456-1468. [PMID: 28827401 PMCID: PMC5588927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300244.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Here, Simón-Carrasco et al. show that Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Whereas the functions of Cic have been well characterized in Drosophila, little is known about its role in mammals. CIC is inactivated in a variety of human tumors and has been implicated recently in the promotion of lung metastases. Here, we describe a mouse model in which we inactivated Cic by selectively disabling its DNA-binding activity, a mutation that causes derepression of its target genes. Germline Cic inactivation causes perinatal lethality due to lung differentiation defects. However, its systemic inactivation in adult mice induces T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), a tumor type known to carry CIC mutations, albeit with low incidence. Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Importantly, human T-ALL also relies on ETV4 expression for maintaining its oncogenic phenotype. Moreover, Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. Finally, we show that Ras-induced mouse T-ALL as well as human T-ALL carrying mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway display a genetic signature indicative of Cic inactivation. These observations illustrate that CIC inactivation plays a key role in this human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Salmón
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parc Cientifíc de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Lechuga CG, Simón-Carrasco L, Jacob HKC, Drosten M. Genetic Validation of Cell Proliferation via Ras-Independent Activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1487:269-276. [PMID: 27924574 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6424-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signaling transmitted by the Ras family of small GTPases (H-, N-, and K-Ras) is essential for proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, constitutive activation of the downstream Raf/Mek/Erk pathway can bypass the requirement for Ras proteins and allow cells to proliferate in the absence of the three Ras isoforms. Here we describe a protocol for a colony formation assay that permits evaluating the role of candidate proteins that are positive or negative regulators of cell proliferation mediated via Ras-independent Raf/Mek/Erk pathway activation. K-Raslox (H-Ras -/-, N-Ras -/-, K-Ras lox/lox, RERTert/ert) MEFs are infected with retro- or lentiviral vectors expressing wild-type or constitutively activated candidate cDNAs, shRNAs, or sgRNAs in combination with Cas9 to ascertain the possibility of candidate proteins to function either as an activator or inhibitor of Ras-independent Raf/Mek/Erk activation. These cells are then seeded in the absence or presence of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), which activates the resident CreERT2 alleles resulting in elimination of the conditional K-Ras alleles and ultimately generating Rasless cells. Colony formation in the presence of 4-OHT indicates cell proliferation via Ras-independent Raf/Mek/Erk activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Lechuga
- Molecular Oncology Programme,, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme,, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme,, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme,, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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8
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Drosten M, Simón-Carrasco L, Hernández-Porras I, Lechuga CG, Blasco MT, Jacob HKC, Fabbiano S, Potenza N, Bustelo XR, Guerra C, Barbacid M. H-Ras and K-Ras Oncoproteins Induce Different Tumor Spectra When Driven by the Same Regulatory Sequences. Cancer Res 2016; 77:707-718. [PMID: 27872088 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in mice have provided evidence that H-Ras and K-Ras proteins are bioequivalent. However, human tumors display marked differences in the association of RAS oncogenes with tumor type. Thus, to further assess the bioequivalence of oncogenic H-Ras and K-Ras, we replaced the coding region of the murine K-Ras locus with H-RasG12V oncogene sequences. Germline expression of H-RasG12V or K-RasG12V from the K-Ras locus resulted in embryonic lethality. However, expression of these genes in adult mice led to different tumor phenotypes. Whereas H-RasG12V elicited papillomas and hematopoietic tumors, K-RasG12V induced lung tumors and gastric lesions. Pulmonary expression of H-RasG12V created a senescence-like state caused by excessive MAPK signaling. Likewise, H-RasG12V but not K-RasG12V induced senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Label-free quantitative analysis revealed that minor differences in H-RasG12V expression levels led to drastically different biological outputs, suggesting that subtle differences in MAPK signaling confer nonequivalent functions that influence tumor spectra induced by RAS oncoproteins. Cancer Res; 77(3); 707-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández-Porras
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen G Lechuga
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Blasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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Wu X, Zahari MS, Renuse S, Jacob HKC, Sakamuri S, Singal M, Gabrielson E, Sukumar S, Pandey A. A breast cancer cell microarray (CMA) as a rapid method to characterize candidate biomarkers. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1593-9. [PMID: 25535895 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.961886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have become an invaluable tool in cancer research to evaluate expression and subcellular localization of proteins in cells and tissues. As the catalogs of candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets become more extensive, there is a need to characterize and validate these targets and biomarkers in cell lines as a primary biological system in research laboratories. Thus, cell microarrays (CMAs) are useful as a high-throughput screening tool. Here, we constructed a CMA containing 32 publicly available immortalized breast cell lines with the goal of creating a method to rapidly screen for antigens of interest in breast cancer research in a relatively easy, rapid and cost-effective manner. As proof of concept, we performed immunocytochemical staining of the HER2 receptor, as the status of this protein is relevant to breast cancer and has previously been reported for these cell lines. We observed a complete concordance of our staining with the published status of HER2 in these cell lines. In addition, we examined the expression of CD44, epithelial markers EpCAM and E-cadherin and tyrosine phosphoproteins. The labeling of these proteins correlates with the known biology of the cell lines. Our results demonstrate the utility of our method to screen for potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer and we suggest that CMAs be used as a general approach in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- a McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry ; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
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10
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Hansen AM, Chaerkady R, Sharma J, Díaz-Mejía JJ, Tyagi N, Renuse S, Jacob HKC, Pinto SM, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Kim MS, Delanghe B, Srinivasan N, Emili A, Kaper JB, Pandey A. The Escherichia coli phosphotyrosine proteome relates to core pathways and virulence. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003403. [PMID: 23785281 PMCID: PMC3681748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While phosphotyrosine modification is an established regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes, it is less well characterized in bacteria due to low prevalence. To gain insight into the extent and biological importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in Escherichia coli, we used immunoaffinity-based phosphotyrosine peptide enrichment combined with high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to comprehensively identify tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and accurately map phosphotyrosine sites. We identified a total of 512 unique phosphotyrosine sites on 342 proteins in E. coli K12 and the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, representing the largest phosphotyrosine proteome reported to date in bacteria. This large number of tyrosine phosphorylation sites allowed us to define five phosphotyrosine site motifs. Tyrosine phosphorylated proteins belong to various functional classes such as metabolism, gene expression and virulence. We demonstrate for the first time that proteins of a type III secretion system (T3SS), required for the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion phenotype characteristic for intestinal colonization by certain EHEC strains, are tyrosine phosphorylated by bacterial kinases. Yet, A/E lesion and metabolic phenotypes were unaffected by the mutation of the two currently known tyrosine kinases, Etk and Wzc. Substantial residual tyrosine phosphorylation present in an etk wzc double mutant strongly indicated the presence of hitherto unknown tyrosine kinases in E. coli. We assess the functional importance of tyrosine phosphorylation and demonstrate that the phosphorylated tyrosine residue of the regulator SspA positively affects expression and secretion of T3SS proteins and formation of A/E lesions. Altogether, our study reveals that tyrosine phosphorylation in bacteria is more prevalent than previously recognized, and suggests the involvement of phosphotyrosine-mediated signaling in a broad range of cellular functions and virulence. While phosphotyrosine modification is established in eukaryote cell signaling, it is less characterized in bacteria. Despite that deletion of bacterial tyrosine kinases is known to affect various cellular functions and virulence of bacterial pathogens, few phosphotyrosine proteins are currently known. To gain insight into the extent and biological function of tyrosine phosphorylation in E. coli, we carried out an in-depth phosphotyrosine protein profiling using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. Our study on E. coli K12 and the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, which is a common cause of food-borne outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, reveal that tyrosine phosphorylation is far more prevalent than previously recognized. Target proteins are involved in a broad range of cellular functions and virulence. Proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS), required for the attaching and effacing lesion phenotype characteristic for intestinal colonization by EHEC, are tyrosine phosphorylated. The expression of these T3SS proteins and A/E lesion formation is affected by a tyrosine phosphorylated residue on the regulator SspA. Also, our data indicates the presence of hitherto unknown E. coli tyrosine kinases. Overall, tyrosine phosphorylation seems to be involved in controlling cellular core processes and virulence of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - J. Javier Díaz-Mejía
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Nidhi Tyagi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harrys K. C. Jacob
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Nandini A. Sahasrabuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - James B. Kaper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JBK); (AP)
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JBK); (AP)
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11
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Kim MS, Kuppireddy SV, Sakamuri S, Singal M, Getnet D, Harsha HC, Goel R, Balakrishnan L, Jacob HKC, Kashyap MK, Tankala SG, Maitra A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Jaffee E, Goggins MG, Velculescu VE, Hruban RH, Pandey A. Rapid characterization of candidate biomarkers for pancreatic cancer using cell microarrays (CMAs). J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5556-63. [PMID: 22985314 PMCID: PMC3565537 DOI: 10.1021/pr300483r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays have become a valuable tool for high-throughput analysis using immunohistochemical labeling. However, the large majority of biochemical studies are carried out in cell lines to further characterize candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets with subsequent studies in animals or using primary tissues. Thus, cell line-based microarrays could be a useful screening tool in some situations. Here, we constructed a cell microarray (CMA) containing a panel of 40 pancreatic cancer cell lines available from American Type Culture Collection in addition to those locally available at Johns Hopkins. As proof of principle, we performed immunocytochemical labeling of an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM), a molecule generally expressed in the epithelium, on this pancreatic cancer CMA. In addition, selected molecules that have been previously shown to be differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer in the literature were validated. For example, we observed strong labeling of CA19-9 antigen, a prognostic and predictive marker for pancreatic cancer. We also carried out a bioinformatics analysis of a literature curated catalog of pancreatic cancer biomarkers developed previously by our group and identified two candidate biomarkers, HLA class I and transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4), and examined their expression in the cell lines represented on the pancreatic cancer CMAs. Our results demonstrate the utility of CMAs as a useful resource for rapid screening of molecules of interest and suggest that CMAs can become a universal standard platform in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sik Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sarada V. Kuppireddy
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sruthi Sakamuri
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mukul Singal
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Derese Getnet
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - H. C. Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Lavanya Balakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Harrys K. C. Jacob
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | - Anirban Maitra
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Michael G. Goggins
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Corresponding Author . Fax: +1-410-502-7544.
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12
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Ferrando IM, Chaerkady R, Zhong J, Molina H, Jacob HKC, Herbst-Robinson K, Dancy BM, Katju V, Bose R, Zhang J, Pandey A, Cole PA. Identification of targets of c-Src tyrosine kinase by chemical complementation and phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:355-69. [PMID: 22499769 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular proto-oncogene c-Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and cytoskeletal regulation. Despite being dysregulated in a variety of human cancers, its precise functions are not fully understood. Identification of the substrates of c-Src remains a major challenge, because there is no simple way to directly stimulate its activity. Here we combine the chemical rescue of mutant c-Src and global quantitative phosphoproteomics to obtain the first high resolution snapshot of the range of tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur in the cell immediately after specific c-Src stimulation. After enrichment by anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we identified 29 potential novel c-Src substrate proteins. Tyrosine phosphopeptide mapping allowed the identification of 382 nonredundant tyrosine phosphopeptides on 213 phosphoproteins. Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture-based quantitation allowed the detection of 97 nonredundant tyrosine phosphopeptides whose level of phosphorylation is increased by c-Src. A large number of previously uncharacterized c-Src putative protein targets and phosphorylation sites are presented here, a majority of which play key roles in signaling and cytoskeletal networks, particularly in cell adhesion. Integrin signaling and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway are two of the most altered pathways upon c-Src activation through chemical rescue. In this context, our study revealed the temporal connection between c-Src activation and the GTPase Rap1, known to stimulate integrin-dependent adhesion. Chemical rescue of c-Src provided a tool to dissect the spatiotemporal mechanism of activation of the Rap1 guanine exchange factor, C3G, one of the identified potential c-Src substrates that plays a role in focal adhesion signaling. In addition to unveiling the role of c-Src in the cell and, specifically, in the Crk-C3G-Rap1 pathway, these results exemplify a strategy for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the functions of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases with high specificity and kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martinez Ferrando
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Agyeman A, Chaerkady R, Shaw P, Jacob HKC, Visvanathan K, Pandey A, Davidson N, Kensler T. Abstract A47: Establishing candidate biomarkers for the pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane in the breast. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.prev-10-a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The goal of this study is the discovery of biomarkers reflecting the pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane (SFN), initially using normal human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells and then in tissue obtained from healthy patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. The isothiocyanate SFN is formed by the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin, a water soluble glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetables with especially high levels measured in 3 day old broccoli sprouts. Chemoprevention by SFN is achieved in part through the upregulation of cytoprotective enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Preliminary dose response and time course studies in MCF10A cells established that SFN upregulated cytoprotective enzymes as indicated by increased levels of NQO1 transcripts, protein and activity. NQO1 induction was dependent on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway since NQO1 transcripts, protein and activity were enhanced by KEAP1 siRNA knockdown in MCF10As. For the biomarker discovery phase SFN treated and KEAP1 knockdown MCF10A cells were analyzed by microarray to determine transcriptomic changes in response to pharmacological and genetic stimulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. The two experimental approaches were analyzed independently and then compared. The predominant class of upregulated genes common to both SFN treatment and KEAP1 knockdown were xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant genes including NQO1, heme oxygenase (decycling) 1, sequestosome 1, thioredoxin reductase 1 and peroxiredoxin 1. The most highly upregulated genes in this class were the aldo-keto reductase family members including AKR1B1, AKR1B10, AKR1C1 and AKR1C3. Other classes of genes with overlapping regulation were glutathione metabolism genes such as GCLC and GCLM, molecular transport, cell growth and cell death regulation genes. Some members of the xenobiotic metabolism, molecular transport, cell growth and cell death regulation classes of genes were also regulated exclusively by SFN. Additionally histone cluster and chromatin remodeling genes were downregulated by SFN. Potential biomarker genes from the microarray study include NQO1, GCLC, SQSTM1 and AKR1C1. An accompanying proteomic study for biomarker discovery using Stable Isotopic Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) is underway. The transcriptomic and proteomic changes in response to SFN treatment and KEAP1 knockdown will be compared to determine if the changes seen on the transcriptomic level are translated to the proteomic level. Candidate biomarkers identified from microarray and SILAC studies reflecting the pharmacodynamic action of SFN in human cells will be analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR and enzyme assays in tissue from reduction mammoplasty
patients. These women have been randomized in a clinical trial to receive either a broccoli sprout preparation containing 100 micromole SFN or a placebo beverage daily for 10 days prior to surgery. Supported by DOD grant BC073262 and NIH grants P50 CA088843 and U54 RR020839.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abena Agyeman
- 1Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Patrick Shaw
- 1Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Davidson
- 3University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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14
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Kandasamy K, Mohan SS, Raju R, Keerthikumar S, Kumar GSS, Venugopal AK, Telikicherla D, Navarro JD, Mathivanan S, Pecquet C, Gollapudi SK, Tattikota SG, Mohan S, Padhukasahasram H, Subbannayya Y, Goel R, Jacob HKC, Zhong J, Sekhar R, Nanjappa V, Balakrishnan L, Subbaiah R, Ramachandra YL, Rahiman BA, Prasad TSK, Lin JX, Houtman JCD, Desiderio S, Renauld JC, Constantinescu SN, Ohara O, Hirano T, Kubo M, Singh S, Khatri P, Draghici S, Bader GD, Sander C, Leonard WJ, Pandey A. NetPath: a public resource of curated signal transduction pathways. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R3. [PMID: 20067622 PMCID: PMC2847715 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NetPath, a novel community resource of curated human signaling pathways is presented and its utility demonstrated using immune signaling data. We have developed NetPath as a resource of curated human signaling pathways. As an initial step, NetPath provides detailed maps of a number of immune signaling pathways, which include approximately 1,600 reactions annotated from the literature and more than 2,800 instances of transcriptionally regulated genes - all linked to over 5,500 published articles. We anticipate NetPath to become a consolidated resource for human signaling pathways that should enable systems biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.
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