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Feng Q, Zhou M, Li S, Morimoto L, Hansen H, Myint SS, Wang R, Metayer C, Kang A, Fear AL, Pappas D, Erlich H, Hollenbach JA, Mancuso N, Trachtenberg E, de Smith AJ, Ma X, Wiemels JL. Interaction between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and offspring HLAs and susceptibility of childhood ALL. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3756-3766. [PMID: 35500222 PMCID: PMC9631572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is associated with a distinct neonatal cytokine profile. The basis of this neonatal immune phenotype is unknown but potentially related to maternal-fetal immune receptor interactions. We conducted a case-control study of 226 case child-mother pairs and 404 control child-mother pairs to evaluate the role of interaction between HLA genotypes in the offspring and maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in the etiology of childhood ALL, while considering potential mediation by neonatal cytokines and the immune-modulating enzyme arginase-II (ARG-II). We observed different associations between offspring HLA-maternal KIR activating profiles and the risk of ALL in different predicted genetic ancestry groups. For instance, in Latino subjects who experience the highest risk of childhood leukemia, activating profiles were significantly associated with a lower risk of childhood ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.71) and a higher level of ARG-II at birth (coefficient = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.22). HLA-KIR activating profiles were also associated with a lower risk of ALL in non-Latino Asians (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.01), although they had a lower tumor necrosis factor-α level (coefficient = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.06). Among non-Latino White subjects, no significant association was observed between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and ALL risk or cytokine levels. The current study reports the association between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and the development of childhood ALL with variation by predicted genetic ancestry. We also observed some associations between activating profiles and immune factors related to cytokine control; however, cytokines did not demonstrate causal mediation of the activating profiles on ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Libby Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Alice Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Anna Lisa Fear
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Derek Pappas
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Ferrat LA, Vehik K, Sharp SA, Lernmark Å, Rewers MJ, She JX, Ziegler AG, Toppari J, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Weedon MN, Oram RA, Hagopian WA, Barbour A, Bautista K, Baxter J, Felipe-Morales D, Driscoll K, Frohnert BI, Stahl M, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Karban R, Liu E, Norris J, Peacock S, Shorrosh H, Steck A, Stern M, Villegas E, Waugh K, Simell OG, Adamsson A, Ahonen S, Åkerlund M, Hakola L, Hekkala A, Holappa H, Hyöty H, Ikonen A, Ilonen J, Jäminki S, Jokipuu S, Karlsson L, Kero J, Kähönen M, Knip M, Koivikko ML, Koskinen M, Koreasalo M, Kurppa K, Kytölä J, Latva-aho T, Lindfors K, Lönnrot M, Mäntymäki E, Mattila M, Miettinen M, Multasuo K, Mykkänen T, Niininen T, Niinistö S, Nyblom M, Oikarinen S, Ollikainen P, Othmani Z, Pohjola S, Rajala P, Rautanen J, Riikonen A, Riski E, Pekkola M, Romo M, Ruohonen S, Simell S, Sjöberg M, Stenius A, Tossavainen P, Vähä-Mäkilä M, Vainionpää S, Varjonen E, Veijola R, Viinikangas I, Virtanen SM, Schatz D, Hopkins D, Steed L, Bryant J, Silvis K, Haller M, Gardiner M, McIndoe R, Sharma A, Anderson SW, Jacobsen L, Marks J, Towe PD, Bonifacio E, Gezginci C, Heublein A, Hohoff E, Hummel S, Knopff A, Koch C, Koletzko S, Ramminger C, Roth R, Schmidt J, Scholz M, Stock J, Warncke K, Wendel L, Winkler C, Agardh D, Aronsson CA, Ask M, Bennet R, Cilio C, Dahlberg S, Engqvist H, Ericson-Hallström E, Fors AB, Fransson L, Gard T, Hansen M, Jisser H, Johansen F, Jonsdottir B, Elding Larsson H, Lindström M, Lundgren M, Maziarz M, Månsson-Martinez M, Melin J, Mestan Z, Nilsson C, Ottosson K, Rahmati K, Ramelius A, Salami F, Sjöberg A, Sjöberg B, Törn C, Wimar Å, Killian M, Crouch CC, Skidmore J, Chavoshi M, Meyer A, Meyer J, Mulenga D, Powell N, Radtke J, Romancik M, Roy S, Schmitt D, Zink S, Becker D, Franciscus M, Smith MDE, Daftary A, Klein MB, Yates C, Austin-Gonzalez S, Avendano M, Baethke S, Burkhardt B, Butterworth M, Clasen J, Cuthbertson D, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Garmeson J, Gowda V, Heyman K, Hsiao B, Karges C, Laras FP, Li Q, Liu S, Liu X, Lynch K, Maguire C, Malloy J, McCarthy C, Parikh H, Remedios C, Shaffer C, Smith L, Smith S, Sulman N, Tamura R, Tewey D, Toth M, Uusitalo U, Vijayakandipan P, Wood K, Yang J, Yu L, Miao D, Bingley P, Williams A, Chandler K, Kelland I, Khoud YB, Zahid H, Randell M, Chavoshi M, Radtke J, Zink S, Ke S, Mulholland N, Rich SS, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Farber E, Pickin RR, Davis J, Davis J, Gallo D, Bonnie J, Campolieto P, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, Lloyd RE, Ross MC, O’Brien JL, Hutchinson DS, Smith DP, Wong MC, Tian X, Ayvaz T, Tamegnon A, Truong N, Moreno H, Riley L, Moreno E, Bauch T, Kusic L, Metcalf G, Muzny D, Doddapaneni H, Gibbs R, Bourcier K, Briese T, Johnson SB, Triplett E, Ziegler AG, Tamura R, Norris J, Virtanen SM, Frohnert BI, Gesualdo P, Koreasalo M, Miettinen M, Niinistö S, Riikonen A, Silvis K, Hohoff E, Hummel S, Winkler C, Aronsson CA, Skidmore J, Smith MDE, Butterworth M, Li Q, Liu X, Tamura R, Uusitalo U, Yang J, Rich SS, Norris J, Steck A, Ilonen J, Ziegler AG, Törn C, Li Q, Liu X, Parikh H, Erlich H, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Schatz D, Ziegler AG, Cilio C, Bonifacio E, Knip M, Schatz D, Burkhardt B, Lynch K, Yu L, Bingley P, Bourcier K, Hyöty H, Triplett E, Lloyd R, Gesualdo P, Waugh K, Lönnrot M, Agardh D, Cilio C, Larsson HE, Killian M, Burkhardt B, Lynch K, Briese T, Waugh K, Schatz D, Killian M, Johnson SB, Roth R, Baxter J, Driscoll K, Schatz D, Stock J, Fiske S, Liu X, Lynch K, Smith L, Baxter J, Lernmark Å, Baxter J, Killian M, Bautista K, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Karban R, Norris J, Waugh K, Adamsson A, Kähönen M, Niininen T, Stenius A, Varjonen E, Hopkins D, Steed L, Bryant J, Gardiner M, Marks J, Ramminger C, Stock J, Winkler C, Aronsson CA, Jonsdottir B, Melin J, Killian M, Crouch CC, Mulenga D, McCarthy C, Smith L, Smith S, Tamura R, Johnson SB, Agardh D, Liu E, Koletzko S, Kurppa K, Stahl M, Hoffman M, Kurppa K, Lindfors K, Simell S, Steed L, Aronsson CA, Killian M, Tamura R, Haller M, Larsson HE, Frohnert BI, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Steck A, Kähönen M, Veijola R, Steed L, Jacobsen L, Marks J, Stock J, Warncke K, Lundgren M, Wimar Å, Crouch CC, Liu X, Tamura R. Author Correction: A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children. Nat Med 2022; 28:599. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barnert E, Katsanis SH, Mishori R, Wagner JK, Selden RF, Madden D, Berger D, Erlich H, Hampton K, Kleiser A, La Vaccara A, Parsons TJ, Peccerelli FA, Piñero MH, Stebbins MJ, Vásquez P, Warf CW, White TJ, Stover E, Svetaz MV. Using DNA to reunify separated migrant families. Science 2021; 372:1154-1156. [PMID: 34045324 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnert
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Sara H Katsanis
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - Ranit Mishori
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Jennifer K Wagner
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Richard F Selden
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Diana Madden
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Dan Berger
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Henry Erlich
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Kathryn Hampton
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Andreas Kleiser
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Thomas J Parsons
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Fredy A Peccerelli
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Michael J Stebbins
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Patricia Vásquez
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Curren W Warf
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Thomas J White
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Eric Stover
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - M Veronica Svetaz
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
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Wisner M, Erlich H, Shih S, Calloway C. Resolution of mitochondrial DNA mixtures using a probe capture next generation sequencing system and phylogenetic-based software. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102531. [PMID: 34052577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting mixtures with nuclear genetic markers remains one of the persisting challenges in forensic DNA analysis, particularly when the DNA is degraded or present in trace amounts. In these scenarios, analyzing mitochondrial (mt) DNA can be useful due to the higher copy number per cell compared to nuclear DNA. However, until the emergence of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) with its clonal sequencing capability, analysis of mtDNA mixtures was very challenging. A mitochondrial genome probe capture Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) system was used to sequence complex mtDNA mixtures and two different software programs to analyze the sequence data. Analysis of contrived mixtures of two contributors in 50:50 and 95:5 ratios as well as three-person mixtures ranging from near equal proportions (~33:33:33 ratio) to low amounts of the minor contributors (e.g., a 90:5:5 ratio) is reported. This system was also applied to the analysis of mtDNA mixtures from forensically relevant samples. For data analysis, both the variant frequency-based software program GeneMarker®HTS and the phylogenetic-based software program Mixemt was used to de-convolute the mixtures. Using the massively parallel, clonal features of NGS, one can bioinformatically separate and count the individual sequence reads to calculate the proportions of individual contributors using phylogenetically informative polymorphisms. GeneMarker®HTS allows us to detect all mutations, including "private" mutations (non-phylogenetically informative polymorphisms) and assign them to individual contributors based on the frequency of the sequence reads, provided that the proportions of the various contributors are sufficiently different. Using a probe capture NGS system and both GeneMarker®HTS and Mixemt software programs, the interpretation of complex mixtures of equal proportion contributors, trace amount contributors, and more than two contributors in contrived mixtures, as well as interpretation of challenging forensic specimens is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Wisner
- Forensic Science Graduate Program, University of California-Davis, 1909 Galileo Ct. Ste. B, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), 5700 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Shelly Shih
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), 5700 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Calloway
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), 5700 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Bose N, Carlberg K, Sensabaugh G, Erlich H, Calloway C. Target capture enrichment of nuclear SNP markers for massively parallel sequencing of degraded and mixed samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hagopian W, Lee HS, Liu E, Rewers M, She JX, Ziegler AG, Lernmark Å, Toppari J, Rich SS, Krischer JP, Erlich H, Akolkar B, Agardh D. Co-occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease Autoimmunity. Pediatrics 2017; 140:e20171305. [PMID: 29018046 PMCID: PMC5654393 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few birth cohorts have prospectively followed development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) autoimmunities to determine timing, extent of co-occurrence, and associated genetic and demographic factors. METHODS In this prospective birth cohort study, 8676 children at high genetic risk of both diseases were enrolled and 5891 analyzed in median follow-up of 66 months. Along with demographic factors and HLA-DR-DQ, genotypes for HLA-DPB1 and 5 non-HLA loci conferring risk of both T1D and CD were analyzed. RESULTS Development of persistent islet autoantibodies (IAs) and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGAs), as well as each clinical disease, was evaluated quarterly from 3 to 48 months of age and semiannually thereafter. IAs alone appeared in 367, tTGAs alone in 808, and both in 90 children. Co-occurrence significantly exceeded the expected rate. IAs usually, but not always, appeared earlier than tTGAs. IAs preceding tTGAs was associated with increasing risk of tTGAs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.91). After adjusting for country, sex, family history, and all other genetic loci, significantly greater co-occurrence was observed in children with a T1D family history (HR: 2.80), HLA-DR3/4 (HR: 1.94) and single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3184504 at SH2B3 (HR: 1.53). However, observed co-occurrence was not fully accounted for by all analyzed factors. CONCLUSIONS In early childhood, T1D autoimmunity usually precedes CD autoimmunity. Preceding IAs significantly increases the risk of subsequent tTGAs. Co-occurrence is greater than explained by demographic factors and extensive genetic risk loci, indicating that shared environmental or pathophysiological mechanisms may contribute to the increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hagopian
- Diabetes Programs Division, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Hye-Seung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Edwin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marian Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California; and
| | - Beena Akolkar
- Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Hadley D, Hagopian W, Liu E, She JX, Simell O, Akolkar B, Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Krischer JP, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Bugawan TL, Rich SS, Erlich H, Agardh D. HLA-DPB1*04:01 Protects Genetically Susceptible Children from Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:915-20. [PMID: 26010309 PMCID: PMC4487515 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGAs) represent the first evidence of celiac disease (CD) development. Associations of HLA-DR3-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 (i.e., DR3-DQ2) and, to a lesser extent, DR4-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 (i.e., DR4-DQ8) with the risk of CD differ by country, consistent with additional genetic heterogeneity that further refines risk. Therefore, we examined human leukocyte antigen (HLA) factors other than DR3-DQ2 for their contribution to developing tTGAs. METHODS The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study enrolled 8,676 infants at an increased HLA-DR-DQ risk for type 1 diabetes and CD into a 15-year prospective surveillance follow-up. Of those followed up, 21% (n=1,813) carried DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2, 39% (n=3,359) carried DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8, 20% (n=1701) carried DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8, and 17% (n=1,493) carried DR4-DQ8/DQ4. Within TEDDY, a nested case-control design of 248 children with CD autoimmunity (CDA) and 248 matched control children were genotyped for HLA-B, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DPA1, and -DPB1 genes, and the entire cohort was genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Illumina ImmunoChip. CDA was defined as a positive tTGA test at two consecutive clinic visits, whereas matching in those with no evidence of tTGAs was based on the presence of HLA-DQ2, country, and sex. RESULTS After adjustment for DR3-DQ2 and restriction to allele frequency (AF) ≥5%, HLA-DPB1*04:01 was inversely associated with CDA by conditional logistic regression (AF=44%, odds ratio=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.53-0.96, P=0.025). This association of time to CDA and HLA-DPB1*04:01 was replicated with statistical significance in the remainder of the cohort using imputation for specific HLA alleles based on SNP genotyping (hazard ratio=0.84, 95% CI=0.73-0.96, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS HLA-DPB1*04:01 may reduce the risk of tTGAs, an early marker of CD, among DR3-DQ2 children, confirming that additional variants in the HLA region influence the risk for CDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hadley
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
- TransMed Systems, Pleasanton, California, USA
| | - William Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edwin Liu
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marian Rewers
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Krischer
- Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children’s Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
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Wissemann WT, Hill-Burns EM, Zabetian CP, Factor SA, Patsopoulos N, Hoglund B, Holcomb C, Donahue RJ, Thomson G, Erlich H, Payami H. Association of Parkinson disease with structural and regulatory variants in the HLA region. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:984-93. [PMID: 24183452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, association of disease with the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) genes has been tested with HLA alleles that encode antigen-binding affinity. The association with Parkinson disease (PD), however, was discovered with noncoding SNPs in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We show here that several HLA-region SNPs that have since been associated with PD form two blocks tagged by rs3129882 (p = 9 × 10(-11)) and by rs9268515 and/or rs2395163 (p = 3 × 10(-11)). We investigated whether these SNP-associations were driven by HLA-alleles at adjacent loci. We imputed class I and class II HLA-alleles for 2000 PD cases and 1986 controls from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium GWAS and sequenced a subset of 194 cases and 204 controls. We were therefore able to assess accuracy of two imputation algorithms against next-generation-sequencing while taking advantage of the larger imputed data sets for disease study. Additionally, we imputed HLA alleles for 843 cases and 856 controls from another GWAS for replication. PD risk was positively associated with the B(∗)07:02_C(∗)07:02_DRB5(∗)01_DRB1(∗)15:01_DQA1(∗)01:02_DQB1(∗)06:02 haplotype and negatively associated with the C(∗)03:04, DRB1(∗)04:04 and DQA1(∗)03:01 alleles. The risk haplotype and DQA1(∗)03:01 lost significance when conditioned on the SNPs, but C(∗)03:04 (OR = 0.72, p = 8 × 10(-6)) and DRB1(∗)04:04 (OR = 0.65, p = 4 × 10(-5)) remained significant. Similarly, rs3129882 and the closely linked rs9268515 and rs2395163 remained significant irrespective of HLA alleles. rs3129882 and rs2395163 are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ (9 × 10(-5) ≥ PeQTL ≥ 2 × 10(-79)), suggesting that HLA gene expression might influence PD. Our data suggest that PD is associated with both structural and regulatory elements in HLA. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that noncoding SNPs in the HLA region can be associated with disease irrespective of HLA alleles, and that observed associations with HLA alleles can sometimes be secondary to a noncoding variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Wissemann
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Frederiksen B, Liu E, Romanos J, Steck A, Yin X, Kroehl M, Fingerlin T, Erlich H, Eisenbarth G, Rewers M, Norris J. Investigation of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and its interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene (PTPN2) on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 133:51-7. [PMID: 22960018 PMCID: PMC3513655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between variants in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene (PTPN2), as well as an interaction between VDR and PTPN2 and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) has followed children at increased risk of T1D since 1993. Of the 1692 DAISY children genotyped for VDR rs1544410, VDR rs2228570, VDR rs11568820, PTPN2 rs1893217, and PTPN2 rs478582, 111 developed IA, defined as positivity for GAD, insulin or IA-2 autoantibodies on 2 or more consecutive visits, and 38 IA positive children progressed to T1D. Proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted. There was no association between IA development and any of the gene variants, nor was there evidence of a VDR*PTPN2 interaction. Progression to T1D in IA positive children was associated with the VDR rs2228570 GG genotype (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.92) and there was an interaction between VDR rs1544410 and PTPN2 rs1893217 (p(interaction)=0.02). In children with the PTPN2 rs1893217 AA genotype, the VDR rs1544410 AA/AG genotype was associated with a decreased risk of T1D (HR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.53, p=0.0004), while in children with the PTPN2 rs1893217 GG/GA genotype, the VDR rs1544410 AA/AG genotype was not associated with T1D (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.43-4.06, p=0.62). These findings should be replicated in larger cohorts for confirmation. The interaction between VDR and PTPN2 polymorphisms in the risk of progression to T1D offers insight concerning the role of vitamin D in the etiology of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Frederiksen
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - E. Liu
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J. Romanos
- University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A.K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - X. Yin
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M. Kroehl
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - T.E. Fingerlin
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - H. Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | - G.S. Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J.M. Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Corresponding author at: 13001 East 17th Place, Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Tel.: +1 303 724 4428; fax: +1 303 724 4489. (J.M. Norris)
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10
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Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II loci are the most polymorphic genes in the human genome, with a highly clustered and patchwork pattern of sequence motifs. In the three decades since the first HLA gene was isolated by molecular cloning (a cDNA clone of HLA-B7), thousands of alleles have been identified and the names and sequences of all known alleles have been curated in the IMGT/HLA database. This extensive allelic diversity made and continues to make high-resolution HLA DNA typing very challenging. The first attempt at HLA DNA typing involved restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, but this approach had many limitations. The development of PCR in 1985 allowed for the amplification of the polymorphic exons of the HLA class I and class II genes and the analysis of the polymorphic sequence motifs with sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) hybridization probes. The immobilization of these probes on membranes and later on beads, along with primer sets for sequence-specific priming (SSP), gave rise to the current set of HLA typing reagents. Sanger sequencing has provided high-resolution typing but, in many cases, genotyping 'ambiguity' remains an issue. In the past few years, the introduction of next-generation sequencing, with the critical properties of massively parallel and clonal sequencing, has significantly reduced HLA genotyping ambiguity. Here, our lab's efforts to develop high-resolution and high-throughput HLA DNA typing using the 454 Sequencing System are reviewed, and the potential future developments and applications of HLA DNA typing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA.
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11
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Hagopian WA, Erlich H, Lernmark A, Rewers M, Ziegler AG, Simell O, Akolkar B, Vogt R, Blair A, Ilonen J, Krischer J, She J. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY): genetic criteria and international diabetes risk screening of 421 000 infants. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:733-43. [PMID: 21564455 PMCID: PMC3315186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study seeks to identify environmental factors influencing the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intensive follow-up of children at elevated genetic risk. This study requires a cost-effective yet accurate screening strategy to identify the high-risk cohort. METHODS The TEDDY cohort was identified through newborn screening using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes based on criteria established with pre-TEDDY data. HLA typing was completed at six international centers using different genotyping methods that can achieve >98% accuracy. RESULTS TEDDY developed separate inclusion criteria for the general population (GP) and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of T1D patients. The FDR eligibility includes nine haplogenotypes (DR3/4, DR4/4, DR4/8, DR3/3, DR4/4b, DR4/1, DR4/13, DR4/9, and DR3/9) for broad HLA diversity, whereas the GP eligibility includes only the first four haplogenotypes with DRB1*0403 as an exclusion allele. TEDDY has screened 414 714 GP infants, of which 19 906 (4.8%) were eligible, whereas 1415 of the 6333 screened FDR infants (22.2%) were eligible. High-resolution confirmation testing of the eligible subjects indicated that the low-cost and low-resolution genotyping techniques employed at the screening centers yielded an accuracy of 99%. There were considerable variations in eligibility rates among the centers for GP (3.5-7.4%) and FDR (19-32%) subjects. The eligibility rates among US ethnic groups were 0.9, 1.3, 5.0, and 6.9% for Asians, Black, Caucasians, and Hispanics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different low-cost and low-resolution genotyping methods are useful for the efficient and accurate identification of a high-risk cohort for follow-up based on the TEDDY HLA inclusion criteria.
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Simpson M, Brady H, Yin X, Seifert J, Barriga K, Hoffman M, Bugawan T, Barón AE, Sokol RJ, Eisenbarth G, Erlich H, Rewers M, Norris JM. No association of vitamin D intake or 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in childhood with risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Diabetologia 2011; 54:2779-88. [PMID: 21858504 PMCID: PMC3478880 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to investigate the association between vitamin D intake and status and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and subsequent type 1 diabetes in children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes. METHODS The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) in Denver, CO, USA, has been following children at increased risk of diabetes since 1993. As of February 2011, 198 children developed IA during follow-up of 2,644 DAISY children. Vitamin D intake and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured longitudinally. Proportional hazards regression analyses of time to IA, or type 1 diabetes in IA-positive children, were conducted, with vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D as time-varying covariates. HRs were calculated for a standard deviation difference in exposure, with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS Intake of vitamin D was not associated with the risk of IA (adjusted HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.95, 1.35; p = 0.18) nor progression to diabetes in IA-positive children (adjusted HR 1.30; 95% CI 0.91, 1.86; p = 0.15). Moreover, 25(OH)D level was not associated with the risk of IA (adjusted HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.88, 1.43; p = 0.36), nor progression to diabetes in IA-positive children (adjusted HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.68, 1.22; p = 0.54). In the 128 children in whom we measured 25(OH)D at 9 months of age, 25(OH)D was not associated with risk of IA (n = 30 IA-positive children) (adjusted HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.96, 1.07; p = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Neither vitamin D intake nor 25(OH)D levels throughout childhood were associated with the risk of IA or progression to type 1 diabetes in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Simpson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - H. Brady
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - X. Yin
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J. Seifert
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K. Barriga
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M. Hoffman
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - T. Bugawan
- Roche Molecular Systems Inc., Alameda, CA, USA
| | - A. E. Barón
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R. J. Sokol
- The Children’s Hospital of Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - G. Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H. Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems Inc., Alameda, CA, USA
| | - M. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J. M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Skinningsrud B, Lie BA, Lavant E, Carlson JA, Erlich H, Akselsen HE, Gervin K, Wolff AB, Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Husebye ES, Undlien DE. Multiple loci in the HLA complex are associated with Addison's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1703-8. [PMID: 21816777 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A strong association between autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) and major histocompatibility complex class II-encoded HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes is well known. Recent evidence from other autoimmune diseases has suggested that class I-encoded HLA-A and HLA-B gene variants confer HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1-independent effects on disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore AAD predisposing effects of HLA-A and -B and further investigate the role of MICA and HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 in a much larger material than has previously been studied. DESIGN HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, and -DQB1 and a microsatellite in MICA were genotyped in 414 AAD patients and 684 controls of Norwegian origin. RESULTS The strongest association was observed for the DRB1 locus, in which the DRB1*03:01 and DRB1*04:04 conferred increased risk of AAD, particularly in a heterozygous combination [odds ratio 22.13; 95% confidence interval (11.39-43.98); P = 6 × 10(-20)]. After conditioning on DRB1, association with AAD was still present for HLA-B and MICA, suggesting the presence of additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The major histocompatibility complex harbors multiple risk loci for AAD, in which DRB1 appears to represent the main risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Skinningsrud
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Guidry P, Marthandan N, Smith T, Campbell J, Dunn P, Erlich H, Karp D, Single R, Thomson G, Wiser J, Scheuermann R, Mack S. An HLA allele frequency-based approach to resolving allelic and genotypic ambiguity in HLA typing data and its implementation in ImmPort (65.22). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.65.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are the most polymorphic loci in the human genome, with hundreds of new alleles reported yearly. HLA polymorphisms in exons 2 and 3 of class I loci and in exon 2 of class II loci distinguish the peptide binding regions of HLA proteins. Current HLA typing methodologies focus on identifying variant positions in these exons, and most do not detect allelic variation in other exons or non-coding regions of HLA genes. Because of the limitations in detecting polymorphic variants and the pace of new allele discovery, commonly used HLA typing methodologies cannot unambiguously identify all known HLA alleles or genotypes. Consequently, many HLA genotyping results are ambiguous in that both alleles of each HLA locus for a given subject may have multiple possible identities, and each subject may have multiple possible genotypes. Here, we describe an approach to allelic and genotypic ambiguity resolution that uses published HLA allele frequencies in 10 world regions to determine the most likely diploid alleles and genotype for each subject in an HLA typing study. This method has been implemented in an online tool at www.ImmPort.org, and is freely available for use by the immunology community. This ambiguity reduction tool will allow investigators studying autoimmune disease, adverse drug reactions, transplantation outcome and other HLA associated conditions to more accurately determine the contribution of specific HLA alleles to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guidry
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nishanth Marthandan
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Thomas Smith
- 2Health Information Systems, Northrop Grumman, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - John Campbell
- 2Health Information Systems, Northrop Grumman, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - Patrick Dunn
- 2Health Information Systems, Northrop Grumman, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - Henry Erlich
- 3Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
- 4Department of Human Genetics, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Alameda, CA
| | - David Karp
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Richard Single
- 6Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Glenys Thomson
- 7Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jeffrey Wiser
- 2Health Information Systems, Northrop Grumman, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - Richard Scheuermann
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- 8Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven Mack
- 3Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
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15
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Varney MD, Valdes AM, Carlson JA, Noble JA, Tait BD, Bonella P, Lavant E, Fear AL, Louey A, Moonsamy P, Mychaleckyj JC, Erlich H. HLA DPA1, DPB1 alleles and haplotypes contribute to the risk associated with type 1 diabetes: analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families. Diabetes 2010; 59:2055-62. [PMID: 20424227 PMCID: PMC2911060 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relative risk associated with DPA1 and DPB1 alleles and haplotypes in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The frequency of DPA1 and DPB1 alleles and haplotypes in type 1 diabetic patients was compared to the family based control frequency in 1,771 families directly and conditional on HLA (B)-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 linkage disequilibrium. A relative predispositional analysis (RPA) was performed in the presence or absence of the primary HLA DR-DQ associations and the contribution of DP haplotype to individual DR-DQ haplotype risks examined. RESULTS Eight DPA1 and thirty-eight DPB1 alleles forming seventy-four DPA1-DPB1 haplotypes were observed; nineteen DPB1 alleles were associated with multiple DPA1 alleles. Following both analyses, type 1 diabetes susceptibility was significantly associated with DPB1*0301 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0301) and protection with DPB1*0402 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0402) and DPA1*0103-DPB1*0101 but not DPA1*0201-DPB1*0101. In addition, DPB1*0202 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0202) and DPB1*0201 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0201) were significantly associated with susceptibility in the presence of the high risk and protective DR-DQ haplotypes. Three associations (DPB1*0301, *0402, and *0202) remained statistically significant when only the extended HLA-A1-B8-DR3 haplotype was considered, suggesting that DPB1 alone may delineate the risk associated with this otherwise conserved haplotype. CONCLUSIONS HLA DP allelic and haplotypic diversity contributes significantly to the risk for type 1 diabetes; DPB1*0301 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0301) is associated with susceptibility and DPB1*0402 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0402) and DPA1*0103-DPB1*0101 with protection. Additional evidence is presented for the susceptibility association of DPB1*0202 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0202) and for a contributory role of individual amino acids and DPA1 or a gene in linkage disequilibrium in DR3-DPB1*0101 positive haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Varney
- Department of Surgery, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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16
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Rich SS, Akolkar B, Concannon P, Erlich H, Hilner JE, Julier C, Morahan G, Nerup J, Nierras C, Pociot F, Todd JA. Current status and the future for the genetics of type I diabetes. Genes Immun 2010; 10 Suppl 1:S128-31. [PMID: 19956094 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Type I Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) is an international collaboration whose primary goal is to identify genes whose variants modify an individual's risk of type I diabetes (T1D). An integral part of the T1DGC's mission is the establishment of clinical and data resources that can be used by, and that are fully accessible to, the T1D research community (http://www.t1dgc.org). The T1DGC has organized the collection and analyses of study samples and conducted several major research projects focused on T1D gene discovery: a genome-wide linkage scan, an intensive evaluation of the human major histocompatibility complex, a detailed examination of published candidate genes, and a genome-wide association scan. These studies have provided important information to the scientific community regarding the function of specific genes or chromosomal regions on T1D risk. The results are continually being updated and displayed (http://www.t1dbase.org). The T1DGC welcomes all investigators interested in using these data for scientific endeavors on T1D. The T1DGC resources provide a framework for future research projects, including examination of structural variation, re-sequencing of candidate regions in a search for T1D-associated genes and causal variants, correlation of T1D risk genotypes with biomarkers obtained from T1DGC serum and plasma samples, and in-depth bioinformatics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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17
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Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Skinningsrud B, Wolff AB, Undlien DE, Svartberg J, Fougner KJ, Berg TJ, Bollerslev J, Mella B, Carlson JA, Erlich H, Husebye ES. Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency: observations from a Norwegian registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4882-90. [PMID: 19858318 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary adrenal insufficiency [Addison's disease (AD)] is rare, and systematic studies are few, mostly conducted on small patient samples. We aimed to determine the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of a national registry-based cohort. DESIGN Patients with AD identified through a nationwide search of diagnosis registries were invited to participate in a survey of clinical features, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), autoantibody assays, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II typing. RESULTS Of 664 registered patients, 64% participated in the study. The prevalence of autoimmune or idiopathic AD in Norway was 144 per million, and the incidence was 0.44 per 100,000 per year (1993-2007). Familial disease was reported by 10% and autoimmune comorbidity by 66%. Thyroid disease was most common (47%), followed by type 1 diabetes (12%), vitiligo (11%), vitamin B12 deficiency (10%), and premature ovarian insufficiency (6.6% of women). The mean daily treatment for AD was 40.5 mg cortisone acetate and 0.1 mg fludrocortisone. The mean Short Form 36 vitality scores were significantly diminished from the norm (51 vs. 60), especially among those with diabetes. Concomitant thyroid autoimmunity did not lower scores. Anti-21-hydroxylase antibodies were found in 86%. Particularly strong susceptibility for AD was found for the DR3-DQ2/ DRB1*0404-DQ8 genotype (odds ratio, 32; P = 4 x 10(-17)), which predicted early onset. CONCLUSIONS AD is almost exclusively autoimmune, with high autoimmune comorbidity. Both anti-21-hydroxylase antibodies and HLA class II can be clinically relevant predictors of AD. HRQoL is reduced, especially among diabetes patients, whereas thyroid disease did not have an impact on HRQoL. Treatment modalities that improve HRQoL are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M Erichsen
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Rich SS, Akolkar B, Concannon P, Erlich H, Hilner J, Julier C, Morahan G, Nerup J, Nierras C, Pociot F, Todd JA. Results of the MHC fine mapping workshop. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11 Suppl 1:108-9. [PMID: 19143823 PMCID: PMC2745921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Rich
- University of Virginia, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Bugawan T, Isoda W, Mano C, Blair A, Mallal S, Thorborn D, Erlich H. 163-P: HLA-B*5701 Taqman assay for abacavir sensitivity; application to PREDICT-1 trials. Hum Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hollenbach J, Ladner M, Eaton K, Saeteurn K, Rotter J, Taylor K, Mack S, Erlich H, Trachtenberg E. 14-OR: KIR2DL2/S2 in the absence of an HLA-C ligand is protective in Crohn's disease. Hum Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Hollenbach J, Bugawan T, Sudman M, Thomson G, Thompson S, Ryan M, Langefeld C, Erlich H, Glass D. 177-P: Association of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Hum Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Johansson Å, Ingman M, Mack SJ, Erlich H, Gyllensten U. Genetic origin of the Swedish Sami inferred from HLA class I and class II allele frequencies. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:1341-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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23
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Rhodes SL, Erlich H, Im KA, Wang J, Li J, Bugawan T, Jeffers L, Tong X, Su X, Rosen HR, Yee LJ, Liang TJ, Yang H. Associations between the human MHC and sustained virologic response in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Genes Immun 2008; 9:328-33. [PMID: 18418397 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human major histocompatability complex (MHC) genes encode the human leukocyte antigens, which are important in antigen presentation and regulation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Response to therapies in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly variable (30-80%) and lower response rates have been reported among African Americans (AA; approximately 30%) compared to Caucasian Americans (CA; approximately 50%) infected with genotype-1 viruses. We evaluated whether MHC gene variants were associated with response to therapy and racial differences in AA and CA sustained virologic response (SVR) rates. We genotyped alleles at 8 MHC loci: 3 class I (A, B and C) and 5 class II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1) loci in 373 individuals (179 AA and 194 CA) with genotype-1 HCV infections, who were treated with peginterferon-alpha-2a and ribavirin. We observed carriage of A(*)02 (RR=1.33(1.08-1.64); P=0.008), B(*)58 (RR=1.84(1.24-2.73); P=0.002) and DPB1(*)1701 (RR=1.57(1.09-2.26); P=0.015) to be associated with SVR after adjustment for other predictors of response. In analysis of AA and CA subgroups separately, we observed potential, though not statistically significant, differences in these MHC associations. Variation in the immunogenetic background of HCV-infected individuals might account for some observed variation in viral-specific immunity and courses of disease. In this regard, future studies examining broader patient populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Rhodes
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P. HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families. Diabetes 2008; 57:1084-92. [PMID: 18252895 PMCID: PMC4103420 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium has collected type 1 diabetic families worldwide for genetic analysis. The major genetic determinants of type 1 diabetes are alleles at the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci, with both susceptible and protective DR-DQ haplotypes present in all human populations. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk conferred by specific DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Six hundred and seven Caucasian families and 38 Asian families were typed at high resolution for the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci. The association analysis was performed by comparing the frequency of DR-DQ haplotypes among the chromosomes transmitted to an affected child with the frequency of chromosomes not transmitted to any affected child. RESULTS A number of susceptible, neutral, and protective DR-DQ haplotypes have been identified, and a statistically significant hierarchy of type 1 diabetes risk has been established. The most susceptible haplotypes are the DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (odds ratio [OR] 3.64) and the DRB1*0405-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB*0302, and DRB1*0402-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotypes (ORs 11.37, 8.39, and 3.63), followed by the DRB1*0404-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (OR 1.59) and the DRB1*0801-DQB1*0401-DQB1*0402 (OR 1.25) haplotypes. The most protective haplotypes are DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (OR 0.03), DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503 (OR 0.02), and DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0303 (OR 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Specific combinations of alleles at the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci determine the extent of haplotypic risk. The comparison of closely related DR-DQ haplotype pairs with different type 1 diabetes risks allowed identification of specific amino acid positions critical in determining disease susceptibility. These data also indicate that the risk associated with specific HLA haplotypes can be influenced by the genotype context and that the trans-complementing heterodimer encoded by DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0302 confers very high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems, 1145 Atlantic Ave., Alameda, CA 94501, USA.
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Trachtenberg E, Vinson M, Hayes E, Hsu YM, Houtchens K, Erlich H, Klitz W, Hsia Y, Hollenbach J. HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPB1) alleles and haplotypes in the Han from southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:455-63. [PMID: 17900288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide prode (SSOP) typing results for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A, B, and C) and class II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1) loci in 264 individuals of the Han ethnic group from the Canton region of southern China are presented. The data are examined at the allele, genotype, and haplotype level. Common alleles at each of the loci are in keeping with those observed in similar populations, while the high-resolution typing methods used give additional details about allele frequency distributions not shown in previous studies. Twenty distinct alleles are seen at HLA-A in this population. The locus is dominated by the A*1101 allele, which is found here at a frequency of 0.266. The next three most common alleles, A*2402, A*3303, and A*0203, are each seen at frequencies of greater than 10%, and together, these four alleles account for roughly two-thirds of the total for HLA-A in this population. Fifty alleles are observed for HLA-B, 21 of which are singleton copies. The most common HLA-B alleles are B*4001 (f= 0.144), B*4601 (f= 0.119), B*5801 (f= 0.089), B*1301 (f= 0.068), B*1502 (f= 0.073), and B*3802 (f= 0.070). At the HLA-C locus, there are a total of 20 alleles. Four alleles (Cw*0702, Cw*0102, Cw*0801, and Cw*0304) are found at frequencies of greater than 10%, and together, these alleles comprise over 60% of the total. Overall, the class II loci are somewhat less diverse than class I. Twenty-eight distinct alleles are seen at DRB1, and the most common three, DRB1*0901, *1202, and *1501, are each seen at frequencies of greater than 10%. The DR4 lineage also shows extensive expansion in this population, with seven subtypes, representing one quarter of the diversity at this locus. Eight alleles are observed at DQA1; DQA1*0301 and 0102 are the most common alleles, with frequencies over 20%. The DQB1 locus is dominated by four alleles of the 03 lineage, which make up nearly half of the total. The two most common DQB1 alleles in this population are DQB1*0301 (f= 0.242) and DQB1*0303 (f= 0.15). Eighteen alleles are observed at DPB1; DPB1*0501 is the most common allele, with a frequency of 37%. The class I allele frequency distributions, expressed in terms of Watterson's (homozygosity) F-statistic, are all within expectations under neutrality, while there is evidence for balancing selection at DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations are observed for HLA-C and DRB1 in this population. Strong individual haplotypic associations are seen for all pairs of loci, and many of these occur at frequencies greater than 5%. In the class I region, several examples of HLA-B and -C loci in complete or near complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) are present, and the two most common, B*4601-Cw*0102 and B*5801-Cw*0302 account for more than 20% of the B-C haplotypes. Similarly, at class II, nearly all of the most common DR-DQ haplotypes are in nearly complete LD. The most common DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes are DRB1*0901-DQB1*0303 (f= 0.144) and DRB1*1202-DQB1*0301 (f= 0.131). The most common four locus class I and class II combined haplotypes are A*3303-B*5801-DRB1*0301-DPB1*0401 (f= 0.028) and A*0207-B*4601-DRB1*0901-DPB1*0501 (f= 0.026). The presentation of complete DNA typing for the class I loci and haplotype analysis in a large sample such as this can provide insights into the population history of the region and give useful data for HLA matching in transplantation and disease association studies in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Trachtenberg
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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Hollenbach J, Saeteurn K, Bose N, Hawbecker S, Ladner M, Rotter J, Taylor K, Mack S, Erlich H, Trachtenberg E. 143-P: KIR gene polymorphism in Crohn’s disease. Hum Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.08.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Norris JM, Yin X, Lamb MM, Barriga K, Seifert J, Hoffman M, Orton HD, Barón AE, Clare-Salzler M, Chase HP, Szabo NJ, Erlich H, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. JAMA 2007; 298:1420-8. [PMID: 17895458 DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.12.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cod liver oil supplements in infancy have been associated with a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To examine whether intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) in children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal, observational study, the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), conducted in Denver, Colorado, between January 1994 and November 2006, of 1770 children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes, defined as either possession of a high diabetes risk HLA genotype or having a sibling or parent with type 1 diabetes. The mean age at follow-up was 6.2 years. Islet autoimmunity was assessed in association with reported dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids starting at age 1 year. A case-cohort study (N = 244) was also conducted in which risk of IA by polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erythrocyte membranes (as a percentage of total lipids) was examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of IA, defined as being positive for insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies on 2 consecutive visits and still autoantibody positive or having diabetes at last follow-up visit. RESULTS Fifty-eight children developed IA. Adjusting for HLA genotype, family history of type 1 diabetes, caloric intake, and omega-6 fatty acid intake, omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely associated with risk of IA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.96; P = .04). The association was strengthened when the definition of the outcome was limited to those positive for 2 or more autoantibodies (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.58; P = .002). In the case-cohort study, omega-3 fatty acid content of erythrocyte membranes was also inversely associated with IA risk (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.96; P = .03). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with reduced risk of IA in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Norris
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Rosen HR, Weston SJ, Im K, Yang H, Burton JR, Erlich H, Klarquist J, Belle SH. Selective decrease in hepatitis C virus-specific immunity among African Americans and outcome of antiviral therapy. Hepatology 2007; 46:350-8. [PMID: 17659573 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma throughout the world. Considerable evidence indicates that the risk of viral persistence, natural history, and response to antiviral therapy varies among racial groups, but limited data exist on potential mechanisms to account for these differences. Type 1 helper (Th1) responses to HCV proteins and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens were examined using a sensitive interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in 187 Caucasian American (CA) and 187 African American (AA) patients with chronic genotype 1 infection. ELISPOT responses were examined relative to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and outcome of therapy with pegylated IFN and ribavirin. Th1 responses specific to hepatitis C core protein and combined HCV antigens were significantly lower in AAs compared to CAs, but CMV responses were comparable in the 2 races. The HCV difference in immunity remained after adjusting for gender, serum alanine aminotransferase, histologic severity, and viral level, and was not accounted for by the differential prevalence of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles. Pretreatment total HCV-specific CD4+ T cell response was associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated IFN and ribavirin; 43% of patients who had more than 168 ELISPOTs/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (above background) experienced SVR compared to 28% of those who did not (P= 0.007). ELISPOT response was independently associated with SVR by multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION Compared to CAs, AAs have weaker HCV-specific immunity. Pretreatment HCV-specific immunity is associated with response to combination antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Rosen
- Integrated Program in Immunology and Hepatitis C Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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Superko H, Cheng S, Erlich H, King S, Garrett B, Voros S. PO5-120 GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE DIFFERENCES IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY CALCIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH FACTORS NOT MEASURED BY STANDARD MEDICAL TESTS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) is an international, multicenter program organized to promote research to identify genes and their alleles that determine an individual's risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). The primary goal of the T1DGC is to establish resources and data that can be used by, and that is fully accessible to, the research community in the study of T1D. All the information on T1DGC can be accessed at the following web address: http://www.t1dgc.org. A resource base of well-characterized families is being assembled that will facilitate the localization and characterization of T1D susceptibility genes. From these families, the T1DGC is establishing banks of DNA, serum, plasma, and cell lines, as well as useful databases. The T1DGC also sponsors training opportunities (bioinformatics) and technology transfer (HLA genotyping).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Hollenbach J, Vinson M, Hayes E, Hsu M, Houtchens K, Erlich H, Hsia T, Klitz W, Trachtenberg E. 186-P. Hum Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Engelmark M, Beskow A, Magnusson J, Erlich H, Gyllensten U. Affected sib-pair analysis of the contribution of HLA class I and class II loci to development of cervical cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aly T, Babu S, Yu L, Miao D, Jahromi M, Erlich H, Fain P, Barriga K, Norris J, Eisenbarth G, Rewers M. OR.1. Pseudo-Mendelian Inheritance of Type 1a Diabetes in Siblings By HLA DR/DQ Genotypes and Haplotype Sharing. Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aly T, Babu S, Yu L, Miao D, Jahromi M, Erlich H, Fain P, Barriga K, Norris J, Eisenbarth G, Rewers M. OR.24. Pseudo-Mendelian Inheritance of Type 1a Diabetes in Siblings with Dr3/4 and Dr4/4 Dq8 Genotypes and MHC Haplotype Sharing. Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Divne AM, Nilsson M, Calloway C, Reynolds R, Erlich H, Allen M. Forensic casework analysis using the HVI/HVII mtDNA linear array assay. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50:548-54. [PMID: 15932085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial hypervariable regions I and II have proven to be a useful target for analysis of forensic materials, in which the amount of DNA is limited or highly degraded. Conventional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing can be time-consuming and expensive, limitations that can be minimized using a faster and less expensive typing assay. We have evaluated the exclusion capacity of the linear array mtDNA HVI/HVII region-sequence typing assay (Roche Applied Science) in 16 forensic cases comprising 90 samples. Using the HVI/HVII mtDNA linear array, 56% of the samples were excluded and thus less than half of the samples require further sequencing due to a match or inconclusive results. Of all the samples that were excluded by sequence analysis, 79% could be excluded using the HVI/HVII linear array alone. Using the HVI/HVII mtDNA linear array assay, we demonstrate the potential to decrease sequencing efforts substantially and thereby reduce the cost and the turn-around time in casework analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Divne
- Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Moonsamy PV, Blair A, Bonella P, Hoglund B, Sali P, Hodge A, Post J, Noble J, Bugawan T, Erlich H. HLA and SNP co-amplification and multiplex assays for estimating Type 1 diabetes genetic risk. Hum Immunol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Engelmark M, Beskow A, Magnusson J, Erlich H, Gyllensten U. Affected sib-pair analysis of the contribution of HLA class I and class II loci to development of cervical cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13:1951-8. [PMID: 15238505 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a multifactorial disease and infection by oncogenic human papilloma viruses represents the main environmental risk factor. Only a subset of infections becomes persistent and develops into cancer, implying that genetic susceptibility factors are needed for malignant progression. Here, we use a population-based cohort of affected sib-pairs (ASPs) to examine the role of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II loci in cervical cancer susceptibility. Analysis of 278 ASPs revealed significant excess genetic sharing for all three HLA class II loci studied, DPB1, DQB1 and DRB1, with the strongest evidence for DQB1 and DRB1. No evidence of excess sharing was observed for the HLA class I HLA-B and HLA-A loci. When the material was stratified on the basis of the DQB1*0602/DRB1*1501 susceptibility haplotype, carriers showed significant sharing for all loci, whereas non-carriers showed no evidence of excess genetic sharing at any of the loci. However, for the DPB1 locus there was no difference in allele frequency between carriers and non-carriers indicating that the effect seen in DPB1 is not simply due to linkage disequilibrium. Our results show that the HLA class II represents a major genetic susceptibility locus to cervical cancer in contrary to the class I that do not appear to have a significant impact on predisposition to the disease. The strongest class II effects are coming from the DQB1 and DRB1 loci, but the DPB1 locus also contributes to the susceptibility to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Engelmark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Hoffenberg EJ, MacKenzie T, Barriga KJ, Eisenbarth GS, Bao F, Haas JE, Erlich H, Bugawan Tl TL, Sokol RJ, Taki I, Norris JM, Rewers M. A prospective study of the incidence of childhood celiac disease. J Pediatr 2003; 143:308-14. [PMID: 14517510 DOI: 10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the frequency of celiac disease (CD) in children in the general population of Denver, Colorado. STUDY DESIGN From 22,346 newborns characterized as expressing 0, 1, or 2 HLA-DR3(DQB1*0201) alleles, 987 were selected for a prospective stratified cohort study. Participants were followed for as long as 7 years with serial testing for serum IgA anti-transglutaminase antibodies and for evidence of CD (intestinal mucosal changes or persistent seropositivity). RESULTS Of 40 children with at least one positive serologic test, 19 had evidence of CD (10 by biopsy, 9 by persistent seropositivity). Those expressing 0, 1, or 2 HLA-DR3 alleles had, respectively, 0.3% (95% CI, 0.0-2.7), 3.4% (3.0-11.7), and 3.2% (1.0-11.0) risk for evidence of CD by age 5 years. The adjusted risk estimate for evidence of CD by age 5 years for the Denver general population was 0.9% (0.4-2.0), or 1 in 104 (1:49-221). After adjusting for number of HLA-DR3 alleles expressed, risk was higher in females: RR=3.34 (1.00-10.9, P=.048). Evidence of CD was not observed before age 2.6 years. CONCLUSIONS Celiac disease may affect 0.9% of Denver children by 5 years of age. Children positive for the HLA-DR3 allele and females appear to be at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Hoffenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
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Walsh EC, Mather KA, Schaffner SF, Farwell L, Daly MJ, Patterson N, Cullen M, Carrington M, Bugawan TL, Erlich H, Campbell J, Barrett J, Miller K, Thomson G, Lander ES, Rioux JD. An integrated haplotype map of the human major histocompatibility complex. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:580-90. [PMID: 12920676 PMCID: PMC1180682 DOI: 10.1086/378101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2003] [Accepted: 06/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have clearly indicated a role for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Such studies have focused on the genetic variation of a small number of classical human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA) genes in the region. Although these genes represent good candidates, given their immunological roles, linkage disequilibrium (LD) surrounding these genes has made it difficult to rule out neighboring genes, many with immune function, as influencing disease susceptibility. It is likely that a comprehensive analysis of the patterns of LD and variation, by using a high-density map of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), would enable a greater understanding of the nature of the observed associations, as well as lead to the identification of causal variation. We present herein an initial analysis of this region, using 201 SNPs, nine classical HLA loci, two TAP genes, and 18 microsatellites. This analysis suggests that LD and variation in the MHC, aside from the classical HLA loci, are essentially no different from those in the rest of the genome. Furthermore, these data show that multi-SNP haplotypes will likely be a valuable means for refining association signals in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Walsh
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Kristie A. Mather
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Stephen F. Schaffner
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Lisa Farwell
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Teodorica L. Bugawan
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Henry Erlich
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Jay Campbell
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Jeffrey Barrett
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Katie Miller
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Glenys Thomson
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
| | - John D. Rioux
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation–Frederick, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and Roche Molecular System, Department of Human Genetics, Alameda, CA
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Trachtenberg E, Korber B, Sollars C, Kepler TB, Hraber PT, Hayes E, Funkhouser R, Fugate M, Theiler J, Hsu YS, Kunstman K, Wu S, Phair J, Erlich H, Wolinsky S. Advantage of rare HLA supertype in HIV disease progression. Nat Med 2003; 9:928-35. [PMID: 12819779 DOI: 10.1038/nm893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2003] [Accepted: 06/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules help to determine the specificity and repertoire of the immune response. The great diversity of these antigen-binding molecules confers differential advantages in responding to pathogens, but presents a major obstacle to distinguishing HLA allele-specific effects. HLA class I supertypes provide a functional classification for the many different HLA alleles that overlap in their peptide-binding specificities. We analyzed the association of these discrete HLA supertypes with HIV disease progression rates in a population of HIV-infected men. We found that HLA supertypes alone and in combination conferred a strong differential advantage in responding to HIV infection, independent of the contribution of single HLA alleles that associate with progression of the disease. The correlation of the frequency of the HLA supertypes with viral load suggests that HIV adapts to the most frequent alleles in the population, providing a selective advantage for those individuals who express rare alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Trachtenberg
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way Oakland, California 94609, USA
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43
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Erlich H, Bonnet J, Frueh FW, Bertrand P, Schmitz G, Salvatore G, Little S, Lambert C, Baranova E, Siest G. Pharmacogenetics: from bench to bedside. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:610-4. [PMID: 12747610 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems, Bldg. 725, Alameda, USA
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44
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Petrone A, Battelino T, Krzisnik C, Bugawan T, Erlich H, Di Mario U, Pozzilli P, Buzzetti R. Similar incidence of type 1 diabetes in two ethnically different populations (Italy and Slovenia) is sustained by similar HLA susceptible/protective haplotype frequencies. Tissue Antigens 2002; 60:244-53. [PMID: 12445307 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) seems to depend in part on the population frequencies of susceptible and protective HLA haplotypes. The present study aimed to (i): characterize the genetic susceptibility to T1DM in the Slovenian population, (ii) test the general hypothesis that T1DM incidence is related to the frequencies of susceptible/protective haplotypes, (iii) compare allele, haplotype and genotype frequencies in Slovenians and Italians that represent two white populations with a similar incidence of T1DM (7.9/100,000/year and 8.1/100,000/year, respectively). The haplotype found most frequently among Slovenian T1DM patients was DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (53%). The DR4-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotypes conferring susceptibility to T1DM were those bearing DRB1*0401 (OR = 12), DRB1*0404 (OR = 4.7) and DRB1*0402 (OR = 4.5). Negative associations with the disease were found for the following haplotypes: DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602, DRB1*1301-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0603, DRB1*1101/1104-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, and DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503. Our findings indicate that the low frequencies of susceptible genotypes, in particular, DR3-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/DR4-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, together with a high frequency of protective haplotypes, could in part explain the low incidence of T1DM in the Slovenian population. The combined frequencies of susceptible genotypes were similar in the two populations (Slovenia = 19.2%, Italy = 17.6%), and the 95% confidence limits of the OR values for each genotype in the two populations overlapped, indicating no significant differences between the values. We conclude that the similar incidences of T1DM in Italian and Slovenian populations are in part a reflection of similar frequencies of HLA susceptible/protective haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petrone
- Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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45
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Fries JF, Wolfe F, Apple R, Erlich H, Bugawan T, Holmes T, Bruce B. HLA-DRB1 genotype associations in 793 white patients from a rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort: frequency, severity, and treatment bias. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:2320-9. [PMID: 12355479 DOI: 10.1002/art.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HLA-DRB1 "shared epitope" (SE) genotypes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it remains controversial whether the association is with incidence, severity, or both, whether there are associations in seronegative patients, and whether different DRB1 alleles that contain the SE have similar effects on RA susceptibility and/or severity. The present study was undertaken to study these issues in a large cohort of patients with RA. METHODS White patients with RA of <6 months' duration (n = 793) were enrolled in an inception cohort. HLA-DRB1 typing was performed, and patients were categorized into 21 DRB1 genotype groups. The disability index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS DRB1 associations in seronegative RA patients closely resembled those in controls. Of seropositive patients, 21% had 2 copies of the epitope, 52% had 1 copy, and 27% had none. However, not all genotypes with 1 copy were associated with increased susceptibility; for example, frequencies of DRB1*0404/X and *01/X did not differ from those in controls. Absolute differences between seropositive RA patients and controls were greatest for DRB1*0401 homozygosity (3.8% versus 0.8%, respectively) and *0401/0404 heterozygosity (4.7% versus 1.0%). DRB1*0404 was increased in frequency in seropositive RA but, unlike *0401, an increased frequency was seen only with 2 epitope copies. The relatively rare DRB1*10 had an unexpected association with seropositive RA, being present in 1.7% of seropositive RA patients and 0.7% of controls, and also showed a trend toward association with greater disease severity. The presence of 2 epitope copies was associated with increased frequency of seropositivity and younger age at disease onset, not with disease severity. Treatment indication bias was substantial and may have accounted for some of these effects. HLA-DRB1*0401/0404 was found much more frequently in men and in patients with a lower age at disease onset, and there was a trend toward a higher frequency of *0404/0401 in women. CONCLUSION This large inception cohort study confirms previously identified major associations and provides additional insights. Only one dominant association was found: *0401, which differs from other SE alleles in a single Lys-for-Arg substitution. The association of the rare DRB1*10 allele has not previously been postulated. Sex associations were confirmed. Associations with seronegative RA were not seen. Not all genotypes containing an SE copy showed increased susceptibility to RA. The association of SE genotypes found in this study related to disease susceptibility rather than severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Fries
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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46
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Jawaheer D, Li W, Graham RR, Chen W, Damle A, Xiao X, Monteiro J, Khalili H, Lee A, Lundsten R, Begovich A, Bugawan T, Erlich H, Elder JT, Criswell LA, Seldin MF, Amos CI, Behrens TW, Gregersen PK. Dissecting the genetic complexity of the association between human leukocyte antigens and rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:585-94. [PMID: 12181776 PMCID: PMC449696 DOI: 10.1086/342407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2002] [Accepted: 06/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease with a complex genetic component. An association between RA and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex has long been observed in many different populations, and most studies have focused on a direct role for the HLA-DRB1 "shared epitope" in disease susceptibility. We have performed an extensive haplotype analysis, using 54 markers distributed across the entire HLA complex, in a set of 469 multicase families with RA. The results show that, in addition to associations with the DRB1 alleles, at least two additional genetic effects are present within the major histocompatibility complex. One of these lies within a 497-kb region in the central portion of the HLA complex, an interval that excludes DRB1. This genetic risk factor is present on a segment of a highly conserved ancestral A1-B8-DRB1*03 (8.1) haplotype. Additional risk genes may also be present in the HLA class I region in a subset of DRB1*0404 haplotypes. These data emphasize the importance of defining haplotypes when trying to understand the HLA associations with disease, and they clearly demonstrate that such associations with RA are complex and cannot be completely explained by the DRB1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Jawaheer
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Wentian Li
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Robert R. Graham
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Aarti Damle
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Xiangli Xiao
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Joanita Monteiro
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Houman Khalili
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Annette Lee
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Robert Lundsten
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Ann Begovich
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Teodorica Bugawan
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Henry Erlich
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - James T. Elder
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Michael F. Seldin
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Timothy W. Behrens
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Departments of Epidemiology and Biomathematics, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Roche Molecular Systems, Berkeley, CA; Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; The Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis
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47
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Baxter N, Sumiya M, Cheng S, Erlich H, Regan L, Simons A, Summerfield JA. Recurrent miscarriage and variant alleles of mannose binding lectin, tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha genes. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:529-34. [PMID: 11737072 PMCID: PMC1906238 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant alleles of the mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene are associated with increased susceptibility to infection and polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha genes (TNF, LTA) are associated with increased severity of infection. Studies have associated recurrent miscarriage with low serum mannose binding lectin concentrations and premature membrane rupture and preterm delivery with elevated maternal and fetal levels of TNF and the TNF (- 308) polymorphism. In this study the frequencies of variant MBL, TNF and LTA alleles in 76 Caucasian couples with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage were compared with those in 69 Caucasian control couples with no history of miscarriage and at least one previous live birth. A new assay based on hybridization to immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotides (SSO) was used to rapidly detect nine MBL, two TNF and two LTA sequence variants. The assay genotyped all the structural and promoter MBL variants known to influence serum MBL concentrations. This assay was more reliable than restriction digestion or nested allele-specific PCR for the structural variants at codon 54 or 52, respectively. Reliability for codon 57 alleles was not assessed because of the low frequency in this population. The MBL haplotype frequencies in antenatal controls were similar to those reported in other control populations. The frequencies of structural variant MBL genes and of low, medium and high MBL level haplotypes were similar in the recurrent miscarriage and control couples. The TNF and LTA haplotype frequencies were similar in the recurrent miscarriage and control couples. In this carefully defined population no association has been found between recurrent miscarriage and variant alleles of the MBL, TNF or LTA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baxter
- Division of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, London, UK
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48
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Hoppe C, Cheng S, Grow M, Silbergleit A, Klitz W, Trachtenberg E, Erlich H, Vichinsky E, Styles L. A novel multilocus genotyping assay to identify genetic predictors of stroke in sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:718-20. [PMID: 11553004 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel multilocus genotyping assay permitting simultaneous identification of 60 candidate markers for stroke in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Based on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 69 patients were divided into stroke and control groups. The variant allele, CBS 278thr, showed protection from stroke, whereas the apoE3 allele showed a trend towards association with increased stroke risk. Several other variant alleles [TNFalpha (-308)A, CETP (-628)A, apoCIII (-641)A] showed a trend towards significant associations with stroke risk. These preliminary results on a small group of patients suggest that a multilocus genotyping assay may be valuable in identifying genes that increase the risk of stroke in SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoppe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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49
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McManus DP, Ross AG, Williams GM, Sleigh AC, Wiest P, Erlich H, Trachtenberg E, Guanling W, McGarvey ST, Li YS, Waine GJ. HLA class II antigens positively and negatively associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in a Chinese population. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:674-80. [PMID: 11336748 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify possible associations between host genetic factors and the onset of liver fibrosis following Schistosoma japonicum infection, the major histocompatibility class II alleles of 84 individuals living on an island (Jishan) endemic for schistosomiasis japonica in the Poyang Lake Region of Southern China were determined. Forty patients exhibiting advanced schistosomiasis, characterised by extensive liver fibrosis, and 44 age and sex-matched control subjects were assessed for the class II haplotypes HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1. Two HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*0901 (P=0.012) and *1302 (P=0.039), and two HLA-DQB1 alleles, HLA-DQB1*0303 (P=0.012) and *0609 (P=0.037), were found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to fibrosis. These associated DRB1 and DQB1 alleles are in very strong linkage disequilibrium, with DRB1*0901-DQB1*0303 and DRB1*1302-DQB1*0609 found as common haplotypes in this population. In contrast, the alleles HLA-DRB1*1501 (P=0.025) and HLA-DQB1*0601 (P=0.022) were found to be associated with resistance to hepatosplenic disease. Moreover, the alleles DQB1*0303 and DRB1*0901 did not increase susceptibility in the presence of DQB1*0601, indicating that DQB1*0601 is dominant over DQB1*0303 and DRB1*0901. The study has thus identified both positive and negative associations between HLA class II alleles and the risk of individuals developing moderate to severe liver fibrosis following schistosome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
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Reynolds R, Walker K, Varlaro J, Allen M, Clark E, Alavaren M, Erlich H. Detection of sequence variation in the HVII region of the human mitochondrial genome in 689 individuals using immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:1210-31. [PMID: 11110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid, immobilized probe-based assay for the detection of sequence variation in the hypervariable segment II (HVII) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Using a panel of 17 sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes immobilized on nylon membrane strips, we typed 689 individuals from four population groups. The genetic diversity value for each population was calculated from the frequency data, and the frequencies of distinct "mitotypes" in each group were determined. We performed DNA sequence analysis of 129 samples to characterize the sequences associated with "blanks" (absence of probe signals) and weak probe signals. Out of 689 samples, we observed five heteroplasmic samples (excluding the variable C-stretch beginning at position 303) using the immobilized SSO probe panel. The SSO probe strips were used for the analysis of shed hairs and bloodstains from several criminal cases in Sweden, one of which is described here. We conclude that this mtDNA typing system is useful for human identification and significantly decreases casework turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reynolds
- Human Genetics Department, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501-1145, USA
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