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Tan HY, Liang FM, Zhang WJ, Zhang Y, Cui JH, Dai YY, Qiu XM, Wang WH, Zhou Y, Chen DP, Li CP. Novel 2-Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Induce A549 Cell Death through Autophagy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083289. [PMID: 37110525 PMCID: PMC10143525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives containing were synthesized as anti-cancer agents and the crystal structure of compound 5a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the inhibitory activities against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, K562, and PC-3) were tested, respectively, and compound 5i showed significant cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line with the IC50 of 6.15 μM. Surprisingly, in the following preliminary biological experiments, we found that compound 5i induced autophagy by promoting the recycling of EGFR and signal transduction in the A549 cell, resulting in the activation of the EGFR signal pathway. The potential binding pattern between compound 5i and EGFR tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 1M17) was also identified by molecular docking. Our research paves the way for further studies and the development of novel and powerful anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yuan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng-Ming Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Hao Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Yu Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen-Hang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dan-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Gao ZA, Tan HY, Xu Y. [Osteotomy: the key technique in the correction of nasal dorsum deformity]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 58:403-408. [PMID: 36992644 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20221030-00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z A Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - H Y Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430019, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Cheng CS, Tan HY, Zhang C, Chan YT, Zhang ZJ, Man K, Yuen MF, Wang N, Feng Y. Berberine suppresses metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting circulating tumour cells: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28 Suppl 6:10-11. [PMID: 36535791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C S Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - H Y Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - C Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y T Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Z J Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K Man
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong
| | - M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - N Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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Pan JX, Jia H, Tan HY, Zhou X, Wu H. [Effect of electrode array type and insertion technique on the insertion force: in vitro cochlear model study]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:691-697. [PMID: 34344094 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200831-00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of insertion technique and electrode array type on the insertion force of electrode array, and to provide a basis for further optimizing electrode design and facilitating mini-invasive electrode insertion. Methods: Three types of electrode array from Nurotron (Standard Electrode, Slim-medium Electrode, Slim-long Electrode) were studied. from July 2019 to December 2019. These electrode arrays were inserted into the phantom models of the cochlea, manually or robot-assisted(medium speed and low speed). The real-time force during electrode array insertion was recorded by ATI Nano 17 Ti sensors and was analyzed by accessory software. Origin 2020b software was used for statistical processing. Results: The insertion force of all electrode arrays progressively increased with the insertion depth. With the manual technique, the peak force of slim-medium electrode insertion was significantly smaller than that of the standard electrode insertion((71.0±16.6) mN vs (140.9±52.7) mN, Z=3.683, P<0.01), and the peak force of the slim-long electrode insertion was between the peak force of standard electrode and slim-medium electrode(P>0.05). No difference was found in the force variation of insertion among the three electrodes(P>0.05). With medium-speed and low-speed robotic assistance, the peak force characteristics of three electrodes were similar to those with the manual technique, but the force variation of standard electrode insertion ((83.9±9.7) mN/s) at medium speed was significantly larger than that of the slim-long electrode insertion ((69.2±4.0)mN/s), and the force variation of the standard electrode insertion at low speed was significantly greater than the other two electrodes. For the same electrode, robot-assisted insertion presented significantly lower peak force and force variation than manual insertion for each type of electrode array. But there was no difference in the peak force and force variation between two-speed levels of robot assistance (P>0.05). Conclusions: The insertion force of the electrode array will be lower when a slim electrode array or robot technique is applied. Long electrode array might make manual insertion difficult or less precise. Robot assistance has advantage on force control during electrode array insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - H Jia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - H Y Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
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Xiao YJ, Dong X, Yang HZ, Tan HY, Zhou RL, Chen Y, Shen XB, Yan MY. [Clinical features of 141 fatal cases of coronavirus disease in Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, China]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2021; 44:354-359. [PMID: 33832023 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200707-00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of patients with fatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in order to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data on 141 fatal cases of confirmed COVID-19 that occurred among patients in Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 20 to March 6, 2020. We analyzed their epidemiological characteristics, clinical and radiological features, laboratory results, and treatment. Results: Of the 141 patients (49 females, 92 males), the median age was 77 years (range: 24-92 years). The most likely source of exposure included the Huanan seafood market (n=3, 2%), family members (n=6, 4%), and hospital-acquired infection (n=8, 6%). The remaining 116 patients (72%) had no known source of exposure. Of the patients, 101 (72%) had chronic diseases. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (n=121, 85%), dry cough (n=77, 54%), shortness of breath (n=23, 16%), and chest pain (n=15, 10%). Less common clinical manifestations included fatigue (n=7, 4%), headache (n=3, 2%), disorders of consciousness (n=2, 1%), diarrhea (n=2, 1%) and lumbago (n=1, 0.7%). In terms of laboratory tests, the absolute value of lymphocytes in most patients was reduced (n=132, 94%), but C-reactive protein (n=141, 100%), procalcitonin(n=121, 89%), serum amyloid (n=140, 99%) were significantly increased. The most common findings on imaging of the lungs were bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity (n=101, 72%), mainly in the lower lobes (n=15, 10%), with lesions being more common on the right. Other imaging findings included diffuse consolidation (n=4, 3%), ground-glass opacity and consolidation (n=20, 14%), and pneumothorax (n=1, 0.7%). All patients were treated with antibiotics and antiviral drugs. Other treatments included immunoglobulin (n=49, 35%), corticosteroids (n=45, 32%), continuous renal replacement therapy (n=24, 17%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=12, 9%). All patients were treated with oxygen therapy. The mode of administration included invasive mechanical ventilation (n=61, 43%), noninvasive mechanical ventilation (n=65, 46%), and nasal catheter oxygen inhalation (n=15, 11%). The direct causes of death were acute respiratory distress syndrome (n=90, 64%), multiple organ failure (n=24, 17%), sudden cardiac arrest (n=11, 8%), viral myocarditis (n=8, 5%), acute myocardial infarction (n=4, 3%), cerebrovascular accident (n=3, 2%), and acute gastrointestinal bleeding (n=1, 0.7%). Conclusions: Risk factors for death due to COVID-19 included older age, male sex, and the presence of comorbidities. The most common direct causes of death were acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, sudden cardiac arrest, and viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - X Dong
- Department of North 6, Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - H Z Yang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - H Y Tan
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - R L Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - X B Shen
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
| | - M Y Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410001, China
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Tan HY, Wang ZY, Wu H. [Factors of hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 52:783-786. [PMID: 29050101 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the focus of acoustic neuroma surgery has shifted from low mortality and tumor resection to retention of neurological function. Hearing preservation is another point in addition to facial nerve function preservation. Hearing preservation rates overall ranged from 2% to 93% in recent studies. Characteristics such as approach, pre-operative neurological function, tumor size, nerve of origin and fundal fluid of the internal auditory canal have been reported as possible influencing factors. This review provides a summary of recent studies and describes the prognostic factors that predict hearing preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - H Wu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Bai WL, Tan HY, Zhou Q, Wang XW, Li JX. [The exploration of gene promoter methylation profiling in nasal polyp]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:599-602. [PMID: 29798144 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the gene promoter methylation profiles of nasal polyp, and to analysis the promoter methylation differences between the nasal polyp and the normal nasal mucosa.Method:Total DNA of the nasal polyp tissues and normal nasal mucosa were extracted. After immunoprecipitation and whole genome amplification, the DNA was labeled with Cy3/5 and hybridized in NimbleGen hybridization chamber. For array hybridization, Roche Nimblegen CpG Promoter array was used. The slides were scanned using the Axon GenePix 4000B microarray scanner. The different genes were analyzed through pathway and verified by Real-time PCR.Result:3010 genes were found to have promoter hypermethylation in normal nasal mucosa or nasal polyp.2,62%(79/3010) of the genes had promoter hypermethylation in all the nasal polyps, which were negative in normal nasal mucosa.10.66%(321/3010) of the genes had promoter hypermethylation in normal nasal mucosa, which were negative in all the nasal polyps. Three pathways were found in the promoter hypermethylation of the nasal polyps. Fourteen pathways were found in the negative hypermethylation of the nasal polyps.Conclusion:Genes promoter methylation plays an important role in the development of nasal polyps, and the gene promoter methylation profiling may yield new some clues on the mechanism of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004,China
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Wang C, Mo SF, Zhang JB, Li JR, Huang RL, Tan HY. [Personal dose monitoring of radiation workers in medical institutions at the municipal level and below in a city from 2011 to 2014]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 35:594-597. [PMID: 29081129 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the personal dose level of radiation workers in medical institutions at the municipal level and below in a city, and to provide a scientific support for strengthening the radiation protection in the city's medical institutions. Methods: Information of the successful applicants for the "Radiation Worker Permit" from 174 medical institutions at the municipal level and below was collected from October 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014. The annual effective dose was calculated based on the personal dose monitoring report, and indicators including sex, permit application time, hospital level, type of occupational radiation, length of radiation work, blood test, and micronucleated lymphocyte rate were analyzed. Results: Of the 1 143 radiation worker permit applications submitted by medical institutions the municipal level and below in this city from 2011 to 2014, 1 123 provided at least one personal dose monitoring report. The annual effective dose of the radiation workers was 0-4.76 mSv (mean 0.31±0.40 mSv) , and the collective annual effective dose was 351.96 mSv. The annual effective dose was significantly different between radiation workers with different times of permit application, hospital levels, and types of occupational radiation (P<0.05) . Interventional radiology workers had the highest annual effective dose (0.63 mSv) , and annual effective dose was significantly different between interventional radiology workers with different lengths of radiation work (H=10.812, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The personal radiation dose of radiation workers in medical institutions at the municipal level and below in this city is maintained at a relatively low level, suggesting that the occupational environment is relatively safe for these workers. However, more focus should be placed on clinical interventional radiology workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Radiological Health Department, Guangzhuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Tan HY, Bai WL, Wang XW, Xu TT. [The exploration of VEGF-B methylation in the nasal polyp]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 31:1482-1484;1491. [PMID: 29798099 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.19.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the methylation status of vascular endothelial cell growth factor B (VEGF-B) gene and to indentify the roles in pathogenesis,development and classification of nasal polyps.Method:The methylation status of VEGF-B gene of 28 nasal polyp tissues and 12 samples of inferior turbinate tissues were detected by methylationspecific-polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and gene sequencing.Result:There was significant statistic diference between nasal polyp tissue group and control group (χ ²=4.096,P<0.05). The results of gene sequencing suggest that the VEGF-B gene promoter were hypomethylation status in the nasal polyps.Conclusion:Methylation status of VEGF-B promoter may play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology,Shengjing Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,110004,China
| | - W L Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology,Shengjing Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,110004,China
| | - X W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology,Shengjing Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,110004,China
| | - T T Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology,Shengjing Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,110004,China
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Lim TK, Chee CB, Chow P, Chua GSW, Eng SK, Goh SK, Kng KK, Lim WH, Ng TP, Ong TH, Seah STA, Tan HY, Tee KH, Palanichamy V, Yeung MT. Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:76-86. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang ZY, Jia H, Yang J, Tan HY, Wu H. [A combination use of endoscope and microscope in cerebral pontine angle surgery]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 52:85-88. [PMID: 28219164 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the application of combination use of microscope and endoscope in cerebral pontine angle (CPA) surgery. Methods: A total of 72 patients undergone lateral skull base surgeries via endoscope under microscopic control from January 2006 to January 2015 was reviewed respectively. The patients including 35 males and 37 females were composed of 22 cases of vestibular swannnomas, 45 cases of cranial neuropathy and 5 cases of CPA chelesteatoma. Twenty cases of vestibular swannnomas, 15 cases of cranial neuropathy and 2 cases of CPA chelesteatoma undergone the surgery via retrosigmoid approach, while other cases undergone the surgery via retrolabyrinthine approach. Surgical procedures were accomplished under the control of microscope and different angular endoscope with imaging fusion. The surgical results were evaluated according to subjective and objective criteria, and all patients were followed up for 15 years. Results: The symptoms was disappeared in the cranial neuropathy patients, without facial paralysis, complication of other nerves or hearing loss. Twenty-two patients with vestibular schwannomas got total tumor removal without facial palsy or neurological deficits; useful hearing was preserved in 16 of 22 patients (72.7%), and no tumor recurrence was found during 1-5 years follow-up. There was also no facial palsy or other complications in 5 cases of CPA chelesteatoma, which gained completely surgical removal; useful hearing was preserved in 3 of 5 cases of these patients and no recurrence was occurred during 1-1.5 years follow-up. Conclusions: A combination use of endoscope and microscope could combine advantages and avoid disadvantages of two techniques. It can provide better exposure with minimal invasion in CPA surgery, and is especially applicable in surgery for cranial neuropathy, vestibular schwannoma and CPA cholesteatoma, which should be performed through retrosigmoid approach and retrolabyrinthine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - H Jia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - H Y Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Saminathan M, Gan HM, Abdullah N, Wong CMVL, Ramiah SK, Tan HY, Sieo CC, Ho YW. Changes in rumen protozoal community by condensed tannin fractions of different molecular weights from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:41-53. [PMID: 28434189 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of condensed tannins (CTs) fractions of differing molecular weights (MWs) from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid-Rendang on the rumen protozoal community in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of unfractionated CTs (F0) and CT fractions of different MWs (F1 > F2 > F3 > F4 > F5) on protozoal population and community were evaluated in vitro using rumen microbes and ground guinea grass as the substrate. Higher-MW CT fractions F1 and F2 significantly (P < 0·05) decrease the number of ciliate protozoa. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the total protozoa was significantly (P < 0·05) lower in F0 and all CTs with fractions F1 and F2 having the lowest value. High-throughput sequencing of the partial 18S rRNA gene showed that the genus Entodinium significantly (P < 0·05) decreased with increasing MWs of CT, whereas Anoplodinium-Diplodinium were significantly (P < 0·05) increased. Inclusion of the highest MW CT fraction F1 decreased the relative abundance of the minor genera such as Eudiplodinium and Polyplastron compared to the control and CT fractions F2-F5. CONCLUSION CTs of differing MWs could reduce and alter the rumen protozoa population in vitro. This effect was more pronounced for higher-MW CTs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The high MW CTs should be considered as a feed supplement in the ruminant diet to reduce the protozoal population which are known to be associated with methanogens as a means to mitigate methane production in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saminathan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H M Gan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genomics Facility, Tropical Medicine Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C M V L Wong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - S K Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Y Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C C Sieo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y W Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tan HY, Steyn FJ, Huang L, Cowley M, Veldhuis JD, Chen C. Hyperphagia in male melanocortin 4 receptor deficient mice promotes growth independently of growth hormone. J Physiol 2016; 594:7309-7326. [PMID: 27558671 DOI: 10.1113/jp272770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Loss of function of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) results in hyperphagia, obesity and increased growth. Despite knowing that MC4Rs control food intake, we are yet to understand why defects in the function of the MC4R receptor contribute to rapid linear growth. We show that hyperphagia following germline loss of MC4R in male mice promotes growth while suppressing the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis. We propose that hyperinsulinaemia promotes growth while suppressing the GH-IGF-1 axis. It is argued that physiological responses essential to maintain energy flux override conventional mechanisms of pubertal growth to promote the storage of excess energy while ensuring growth. ABSTRACT Defects in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) signalling result in hyperphagia, obesity and increased growth. Clinical observations suggest that loss of MC4R function may enhance growth hormone (GH)-mediated growth, although this remains untested. Using male mice with germline loss of the MC4R, we assessed pulsatile GH release and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production and/or release relative to pubertal growth. We demonstrate early-onset suppression of GH release in rapidly growing MC4R deficient (MC4RKO) mice, confirming that increased linear growth in MC4RKO mice does not occur in response to enhanced activation of the GH-IGF-1 axis. The progressive suppression of GH release in MC4RKO mice occurred alongside increased adiposity and the progressive worsening of hyperphagia-associated hyperinsulinaemia. We next prevented hyperphagia in MC4RKO mice through restricting calorie intake in these mice to match that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Pair feeding of MC4RKO mice did not prevent increased adiposity, but attenuated hyperinsulinaemia, recovered GH release, and normalized linear growth rate to that seen in pair-fed WT littermate controls. We conclude that the suppression of GH release in MC4RKO mice occurs independently of increased adipose mass, and is a consequence of hyperphagia-associated hyperinsulinaemia. It is proposed that physiological responses essential to maintain energy flux (hyperinsulinaemia and the suppression of GH release) override conventional mechanisms of pubertal growth to promote the storage of excess energy while ensuring growth. Implications of these findings are likely to extend beyond individuals with defects in MC4R signalling, encompassing physiological changes central to mechanisms of growth and energy homeostasis universal to hyperphagia-associated childhood-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J D Veldhuis
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Paengkoum P, Phonmun T, Liang JB, Huang XD, Tan HY, Jahromi MF. Molecular Weight, Protein Binding Affinity and Methane Mitigation of Condensed Tannins from Mangosteen-peel (Garcinia mangostana L). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1442-8. [PMID: 26323400 PMCID: PMC4554851 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.13.0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel, its protein binding affinity and effects on fermentation parameters including total gas, methane (CH4) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the purified CT was 2,081 Da with a protein binding affinity of 0.69 (the amount needed to bind half the maximum bovine serum albumin). In vitro gas production declined by 0.409, 0.121, and 0.311, respectively, while CH4 production decreased by 0.211, 0.353, and 0.549, respectively, with addition of 10, 20, and 30 mg CT/500 mg dry matter (DM) compared to the control (p<0.05). The effects of CT from mangosteen-peel on in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro N degradability was negative and linear (p<0.01). Total VFA, concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids decreased linearly with increasing amount of CT. The aforementioned results show that protein binding affinity of CT from mangosteen-peel is lower than those reported for Leucaena forages, however, the former has stronger negative effect on IVDMD. Therefore, the use of mangosteen-peel as protein source and CH4 mitigating agent in ruminant feed requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Paengkoum
- King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - T Phonmun
- King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - J B Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - X D Huang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - H Y Tan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M F Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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Bjornvad CR, Rand JS, Tan HY, Jensen KS, Rose FJ, Armstrong PJ, Whitehead JP. Obesity and sex influence insulin resistance and total and multimer adiponectin levels in adult neutered domestic shorthair client-owned cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 47:55-64. [PMID: 24373250 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we estimated insulin sensitivity and determined plasma concentrations of total-, low-molecular-weight (LMW), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and leptin in 72 domestic shorthair, neutered, client-owned cats. Glucose tolerance was assessed with an intravenous glucose tolerance test and body fat percentage (BF%) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Total adiponectin was measured with 2 different ELISAs. Low-molecular-weight and HMW adiponectin plasma concentrations were determined by Western blot analysis after sucrose-gradient velocity centrifugation, and the adiponectin multimer ratio [SA = HMW/(HMW + LMW)] was calculated. Differences in glucose tolerance, leptin, total adiponectin, and multimer ratio among lean (BF% <35; n = 26), overweight (35 <BF% <45; n = 28), and obese (BF% >45; n = 18) cats as well as between male (n = 34) and female (n = 38) neutered cats were evaluated by linear regression and 2-way ANOVA. Sex and age were included as covariates for analysis of BF%, whereas BF%, fat mass, and lean body mass were covariates for analysis of sex differences. Increased BF% was negatively correlated with multimer ratio (SA, r = -45; P < 0.002), whereas no differences were found in total adiponectin concentrations among BF% groups (P > 0.01). Male cats had indices of decreased insulin tolerance and significantly lower total adiponectin concentrations than did female cats (mean ± SEM, 3.7 ± 0.4 vs 5.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL; P < 0.02). Altered SAs could contribute to an obesity-associated decreasing glucose tolerance in cats, and low total adiponectin concentrations may relate to increased risk of diabetes mellitus in neutered male cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bjornvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - J S Rand
- Centre for Companion Animal Health and Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Y Tan
- Centre for Companion Animal Health and Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K S Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - F J Rose
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P J Armstrong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - J P Whitehead
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Tan HY, Huang L, Simmons D, Veldhuis JD, Steyn FJ, Chen C. Hypothalamic distribution of somatostatin mRNA expressing neurones relative to pubertal and adult changes in pulsatile growth hormone secretion in mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:910-9. [PMID: 23855876 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The age-associated decline in growth hormone (GH) secretion may be a consequence of the reduction in the number of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) positive neurones. However, it remains unclear whether an alteration in the number or distribution of somatostatin (SST) neurones contributes to this change. In the present study, we characterised the role of SST in modulating the change in pulsatile GH secretion in male C57Bl/6J mice throughout puberty and into early adulthood. We assessed pulsatile GH secretion in mice at 4, 8 and 16 weeks of age. These ages correspond to early pubertal, early adulthood and adulthood, respectively. We show an elevation in peak, total and pulsatile GH secretion coinciding with periods of rapid linear growth. Using in situ hybridisation and morphometric methods, we mapped the distribution of Sst mRNA expression within the mouse brain relative to this change in pulsatile GH secretion. The results obtained show that altered pulsatile GH secretion in male mice from 4-16 weeks of age does not coincide with a significant change in the number of Sst mRNA expressing neurones or an abundance of Sst mRNA expression throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and periventricular nucleus (PeV). Rather, we observed a progressive decline in Sst mRNA expressing neurones within subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus at this time. We conclude that structural changes in Sst expression within the PeV and ARC may not reflect the observed decline in pulsatile GH secretion in mice from puberty into early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Tan HY, Chen AG, Chen Q, Browne LB, Verchinski B, Kolachana B, Zhang F, Apud J, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Weinberger DR. Epistatic interactions of AKT1 on human medial temporal lobe biology and pharmacogenetic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1007-16. [PMID: 21788944 PMCID: PMC3449232 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AKT1 controls important processes in medial temporal lobe (MTL) development and plasticity, but the impact of human genetic variation in AKT1 on these processes is not known in healthy or disease states. Here, we report that an AKT1 variant (rs1130233) previously associated with AKT1 protein expression, prefrontal function and schizophrenia, affects human MTL structure and memory function. Further, supporting AKT1's role in transducing hippocampal neuroplasticity and dopaminergic processes, we found epistasis with functional polymorphisms in BDNF and COMT--genes also implicated in MTL biology related to AKT1. Consistent with prior predictions that these biologic processes relate to schizophrenia, we found epistasis between the same AKT1, BDNF and COMT functional variants on schizophrenia risk, and pharmacogenetic interactions of AKT1 with the effects on cognition and brain volume measures by AKT1 activators in common clinical use--lithium and sodium valproate. Our findings suggest that AKT1 affects risk for schizophrenia and accompanying cognitive deficits, at least in part through specific genetic interactions related to brain neuroplasticity and development, and that these AKT1 effects may be pharmacologically modulated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A G Chen
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Q Chen
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L B Browne
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Verchinski
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Kolachana
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Zhang
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Apud
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J H Callicott
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V S Mattay
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Huang L, Steyn FJ, Tan HY, Xie TY, Veldhuis JD, Ngo ST, Chen C. The decline in pulsatile GH secretion throughout early adulthood in mice is exacerbated by dietary-induced weight gain. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4380-8. [PMID: 22802464 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transition between puberty and adulthood is accompanied by a slowing in linear growth. Although GH is a key factor that drives somatic development into adulthood, early adulthood coincides with a reduction in circulating levels of GH. To this extent, a pathological decline in postpubertal GH secretion is detrimental to attainment of peak lean muscle mass and bone mass and promotes adiposity and increases susceptibility to the development of obesity in adulthood. Here we characterized pulsatile GH secretion in C57BL/6J mice at 12 and 16 wk of age. Deconvolution analysis of these measures reveals a reduction in pulsatile GH secretion between 12 and 16 wk of age. Dietary intervention with high-fat feeding at 8 wk of age results in a significant increase in adiposity, the development of glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. We show the exacerbation of the age-associated decline in pulsatile GH secretion in high-fat-fed mice after 4 wk of dietary intervention (at 12 wk of age), and a further suppression of pulsatile GH secretion by 8 wk of dietary intervention (at 16 wk of age). Suppressed pulsatile secretion of GH did not coincide with an elevation in circulating free fatty acids. Rather, we observed increased hepatic triglyceride content and an eventual decrease in circulating levels of IGF-I. Given the established role of GH in maintaining healthy aging, we anticipate that an advancing of the age-associated decline in pulsatile GH secretion as a consequence of dietary-induced weight gain may have long-term ramifications on adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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19
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Steyn FJ, Leong JW, Huang L, Tan HY, Xie TY, Nelson C, Waters MJ, Veldhuis JD, Epelbaum J, Chen C. GH does not modulate the early fasting-induced release of free fatty acids in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:273-82. [PMID: 22109889 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fasting results in the mobilization of adipose stores and the elevation of levels of free fatty acids (FFA). In humans, this process is driven by a release in GH. Little is known regarding the role of GH in modulating this process during early stages of fasting in the mouse. Confirmation of the role of GH in modulating FFA release in the fasting mouse is of particular importance given the frequent use of mouse models to study metabolic mechanisms. Here, we correlate the initial release of FFA throughout fasting in mice with pulsatile GH secretion. Observations illustrate the rapid release of FFA in response to food withdrawal. This does not correlate with a rise in GH secretion. Rather, we observed a striking loss in pulsatile secretion of GH throughout the first 6 h of fasting, suggesting that GH does not modulate the initial release of FFA in the mouse in response to fasting. This was confirmed in GH receptor knockout mice, in which we observed a robust fasting-induced rise in FFA. We further illustrate the dynamic relationship between the orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones ghrelin and leptin during fasting in the mouse. Our findings show an initial suppression of leptin and the eventual rise in circulating levels of acyl-ghrelin with fasting. However, altered acyl-ghrelin and leptin secretion occurs well after the rise in FFA and the suppression of GH secretion. Consequently, we conclude that although acyl-ghrelin and leptin may modulate the physiological response to drive food intake, these changes do not contribute to the initial loss of pulsatile GH secretion. Rather, it appears that the suppression of GH secretion in fasting may occur in response to an elevation in fasting levels of FFA or physiological stress. Observations highlight a divergent role for GH in modulating FFA release between man and mouse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Corticosterone/blood
- Fasting/blood
- Fasting/physiology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Ghrelin/blood
- Growth Hormone/blood
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Growth Hormone/physiology
- Humans
- Hypothalamus/physiology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Leptin/blood
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Pituitary Gland/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatotropin/deficiency
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Species Specificity
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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Steyn FJ, Huang L, Ngo ST, Leong JW, Tan HY, Xie TY, Parlow AF, Veldhuis JD, Waters MJ, Chen C. Development of a method for the determination of pulsatile growth hormone secretion in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3165-71. [PMID: 21586549 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measures of pulsatile GH secretion require frequent collection and analysis of blood samples at regular intervals. Due to blood volume constraints, repeat measures of circulating levels of GH in mice remain challenging. Consequently, few observations exist in which the pulsatile pattern of GH secretion in mice have been characterized. To address this, we developed a technique for the collection and analysis of circulating levels of GH at regular and frequent intervals in freely moving mice. This was achieved through the development of a sensitive assay for the detection of GH in small (2 μl) quantities of whole blood. The specificity and accuracy of this assay was validated following guidelines established for single-laboratory validation as specified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. We incorporated an established method for tail-clip blood sample collection to determine circulating levels of GH secretion in 36 whole blood samples collected consecutively over a period of 6 h. Resulting measures were characterized by peak secretion periods and interpulse stable baseline secretion periods. Periods characterized by elevated whole blood GH levels consisted of multicomponent peaks. Deconvolution analysis of resulting measures confirmed key parameters associated with pulsatile GH secretion. We show a striking decrease in pulsatile GH secretion in mice after 12-18 h of fasting. This model is necessary to characterize the pulsatile profile of GH secretion in mice and will significantly contribute to current attempts to clarify mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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21
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Tan HY, Nagoor NH, Sekaran SD. Cloning, expression and protective capacity of 37 kDa outer membrane protein gene (ompH) of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. Trop Biomed 2010; 27:430-441. [PMID: 21399583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The major outer membrane protein (OmpH) of 4 local Malaysian strains of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 were characterized in comparison to ATCC strains. Three major peptide bands of MW 26, 32 and 37 kDa were characterized using SDSPAGE. Two of these fragments, the 32 kDa and 37 kDa were observed to be more reactive with a mouse polyclonal antiserum in all of the local isolates as well as the ATCC strains in a Western blot. However, the 32 kDa fragment was found to cross react with other Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, the 37 kDa OmpH was selected as vaccine candidate. The 37 kDa ompH gene of the isolated strain 1710 was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector to produce large amounts of recombinant OmpH (rOmpH). The 37 kDa ompH gene of strain 1710 was sequenced. In comparison to a reference strain X-73 of the ompH of P. multocida, 39bp was found deleted in the 37 kDa ompH gene. However, the deletion did not shift the reading frame or change the amino acid sequence. The rOmpH was used in a mice protection study. Mice immunized and challenged intraperitoneally resulted 100% protection against P. multocida whilst mice immunized subcutaneously and challenged intraperitoneally only resulted 80% protection. The rOmpH is therefore a suitable candidate for vaccination field studies. The same rOmpH was also used to develop a potential diagnostic kit in an ELISA format.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Weight
- Pasteurella Infections/immunology
- Pasteurella Infections/prevention & control
- Pasteurella multocida/genetics
- Pasteurella multocida/immunology
- Sequence Deletion
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Chik KK, Luk CK, Chan HB, Tan HY. Use of propranolol in infantile haemangioma among Chinese children. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:341-346. [PMID: 20889997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of propranolol as first-line treatment or as single therapy to control the proliferating phase of infantile haemangioma in Chinese children. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Children 3 years old or younger with facial haemangioma who took oral propranolol between 1 December 2008 and 1 December 2009. RESULTS There were 12 such patients, all of whom underwent prior clinical evaluation before starting the treatment. Ten patients had a solitary facial haemangioma and two had multiple haemangiomas. The mean age of symptom onset was 12 days. The mean age for starting propranolol treatment was 7 months, and in all cases a clinical response was observed within 7 days. Five (41%) of the patients had complete resolution 2 to 6 months after starting medication, at which time they were 5 to 12 months old. Two of them had a recurrence of the haemangioma within 8 weeks of stopping the drug, but responded to a second treatment course. In these two patients, the propranolol dosage had been tailed down rapidly and the therapy was of a shorter duration than in those without recurrence. The remaining seven patients are still taking propranolol and responding satisfactorily. Hypotension was observed in two patients, one of whom tolerated a lower dose and in the other, therapy was reinitiated at her older age. No serious side-effect was encountered in the remaining patients. CONCLUSION Propranolol was useful as first-line or single-agent treatment of facial infantile haemangioma in Chinese children, and gave rise to minimal side-effects. Although recurrence of infantile haemangioma occurred after propranolol was tailed off rapidly after a relatively short duration, an optimal treatment duration and tapering schedule has not yet been defined. Nevertheless, patients responded well to second courses of propranolol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Chik
- Department of Paediatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The ability to observe samples undergoing controlled fluid flow under the microscope is important for studying biochemical processes and motion dynamics. We describe here a simple method to achieve this using coverslips shaped using a fiber scribe. Testing showed good directional flow control within the test range of 0-1 ml/min flow rate and an ability to sustain a flow rate up to approximately 1 ml/min. Testing with a sealed T-channel coverslip demonstrated the ability to construct fluid network branches with this scheme. We also demonstrated the usefulness of this procedure in motion dynamic studies of Dunaliella algae swimming under fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H-P Cheong
- Laboratory for Optics, Acoustics & Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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24
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Emery MR, Mattay VS, Sambataro F, Lemaitre HS, Goldman AL, Tan HY, Kolachana BS, Callicott JH, Weinberger DR. WWC1 (KIBRA) genotype modulates hippocampal structure and episodic memory-related neural activity. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Browne LB, Chen Q, Prust MJ, Nixon DC, Weinberger DR, Callicott JH, Tan HY. Event-Related fMRI Study of Prefrontal-Hippocampal Dysregulation in Schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yoshimi A, Tan HY, Marenco S, Prust MJ, Apud J, Hyde TM, Weinberger DR. Neurodevelopmental history and prefrontal function: Are early features of schizophrenia reflected in fMRI measures of prefrontal efficiency? Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chen AG, Chen Q, Libby L, Weinberger DR, Callicott JH, Tan HY. Adaptation of Cortical-Striatal Recruitment and Effective Connectivity across Event-Related Working Memory Trials. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tan DBA, Yong YK, Tan HY, Kamarulzaman A, Tan LH, Lim A, James I, French M, Price P. Immunological profiles of immune restoration disease presenting as mycobacterial lymphadenitis and cryptococcal meningitis. HIV Med 2008; 9:307-16. [PMID: 18400078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A proportion of HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) develop immune restoration disease (IRD). Immunological characteristics of IRD were investigated in a cohort of HIV patients beginning therapy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at weeks 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 of ART from five patients experiencing IRD [two with cryptococcal and three with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disease], eight non-IRD controls who had begun ART with CD4 T-cell counts of <100 cells/microL and 17 healthy controls. Leukocytes producing interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunospot assay after stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6), Cryptococcus neoformans or Cytomegalovirus antigens. Plasma immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies reactive with these antigens were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proportions of activated (HLA-DR(hi)) and regulatory (CD25 CD127(lo) and CTLA-4(+)) CD4 T-cells were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma HIV RNA declined and CD4 T-cell counts rose within 8-27 weeks on ART. Mtb IRD patients displayed elevated IFNgamma responses and/or plasma IgG to PPD, but none responded to ESAT-6. Cryptococcal IRD occurred in patients with low baseline CD4 T-cell counts and involved clear IFNgamma and antibody responses to cryptococcal antigen. Proportions of activated and regulatory CD4 T-cells declined on ART, but remained higher in patients than in healthy controls. At the time of IRD, proportions of activated CD4 T-cells and regulatory CD4 T-cells were generally elevated relative to other patients. CONCLUSIONS Cryptococcal and Mtb IRD generally coincide with peaks in the proportion of activated T-cells, pathogen-specific IFNgamma responses and reactive plasma IgG. IRD does not reflect a paucity of regulatory CD4 T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B A Tan
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Buckholtz JW, Sust S, Tan HY, Mattay VS, Straub RE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weinberger DR, Callicott JH. fMRI evidence for functional epistasis between COMT and RGS4. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:893-5, 885. [PMID: 17895922 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tan HY. Thinking in schizophrenia: perspectives from community clinic to neural circuitry. Singapore Med J 2006; 47:255-7. [PMID: 16572232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Li XP, Xu DC, Tan HY, Li CL. Anatomical study on the morphology and blood supply of the falciform ligament and its clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat 2003; 26:106-9. [PMID: 14586564 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-003-0184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 06/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the clinical significance of the morphology and blood supply of the falciform ligament in laparoscopic surgery. The structure, blood vessel distribution and anastomoses of the falciform ligament were observed in 20 cases of living laparoscopy, 30 cadaveric specimens injected with latex and five cadaveric specimens with Indian ink and hyaline. The falciform ligament was formed by two sides of peritoneum and its length, largest and smallest width were 8.3+/-1.6 cm, 4.9+/-0.8 cm and 1.1+/-0.3 cm, respectively. The left inferior phrenic artery and middle segment artery of the liver formed a vessel that arched and gave off 6-12 branches to the falciform ligament. The veins of the falciform ligament drained into the left inferior phrenic vein, and were not accompanied by any artery. In conclusion, the vessels of the falciform ligament anastomose with multiple vessels and form a significant pathway of the collateral circulation in the liver. The falciform ligament is an important landmark in laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of the First Military Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to provide a retrospective description of prodromal symptoms of young military servicemen with first-episode psychosis, and a comparison with first-episode non-psychotic disorders. METHOD Thirty consecutive servicemen presenting with first-episode psychosis were studied. Thirty-four randomly selected servicemen from 123 with non-psychotic disorders served as comparison. A combination of unstructured and semistructured interviews with the patient and other informants was used to describe the prodromal symptoms. RESULTS The most common prodromal psychotic symptoms were social withdrawal (83%); anxiety (77%); sleep disturbance (77%); disturbance in attention, concentration or memory (73%); deterioration in studies in school (70%); depressed mood (63%); odd behaviour (53%); and anger or irritability (53%). Common symptoms found in first-episode psychosis and non-psychotic patients included sleep disturbance, anxiety, depressed mood and anger or irritability. Common symptoms that were associated with the psychotic prodrome were social withdrawal (p < 0.001), deterioration in school results (p < 0.001) and disturbance in attention, concentration or memory (p < 0.001). The psychotic prodrome was also associated with apathy (p < 0.001), odd behaviour (p < 0.001), doing nothing (p = 0.004) and thought blocking (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Cognitive disturbances and attenuated negative symptoms appear to be more specific to the psychotic prodrome in young patients with first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Psychological Care Centre, Medicine Institute, HQ SAF Medical Corps, Singapore
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Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of omeprazole in human plasma. Omeprazole and the internal standard, chloramphenicol, were extracted from alkalinized plasma samples using dichloromethane. The mobile phase was 0.05 M Na2HPO4-ACN (65:35, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.5. Analysis was run at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at a detection wavelength of 302 nm. The method was specific and sensitive with a detection limit of 2.5 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 4:1. The limit of quantification was set at 5 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 5-1280 ng/ml. Mean recovery value of the extraction procedure was about 96%, while the within and between day coefficient of variation and percent error values of the assay method were all less than 14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yuen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Science Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Penang.
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Xia SL, Luo JG, Tan HY. [Analgesic effect of tramadol in the treatment of pulpitis]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:350, 360. [PMID: 12205998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Cheok CS, Ang YG, Chew WM, Tan HY. Adjusting to military life--servicemen with problems coping and their outcomes. Singapore Med J 2000; 41:218-20. [PMID: 11063171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A small proportion of servicemen enlisting for compulsory National Service in Singapore experience problems adjusting to military life. This paper aims to profile the servicemen who experience such problems. There is a paucity of literature addressing this issue internationally and none published locally. Servicemen who were referred to the Psychological Medicine Branch of the Singapore Armed Forces within six months of enlistment were retrospectively studied. In the work year July 1995 to June 1996, 77 cases were seen. The main classes of diagnoses were stress-related disorders, anxiety, mood and psychotic disorders. The main stressor was problems adapting to the military environment. There were 10 cases of parasuicide, significantly less than US Army statistics. At Operationally Ready Date, 20.7% were able to hold a combat vocation, similar to the US Army situation. This paper hopes to document the local figures and act as a reference for evaluating future therapies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cheok
- HQ Medical Corps, Manpower Branch, Singapore
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Tan HY, Choo WC, Archibald C, Esuvaranathan K. A community based study of prostatic symptoms in Singapore. J Urol 1997; 157:890-3. [PMID: 9072593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the prevalence of prostatic symptoms, bother and related quality of life, as well as health seeking behavior in men 40 years old or older in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in men 40 years old or older in Queenstown, Singapore. The International Prostate Symptom Score for benign prostatic hyperplasia was used to score symptom severity objectively. Results obtained were compared to those from United States, Scottish and Japanese populations. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to severe symptomatology was 10% after age adjustment to match the 1990 Singapore population. The most prevalent symptoms were frequency (22.5% of cases) and nocturia (21.5%) with consistently lower prevalence for bother (6.9% for frequency and nocturia). The prevalence of prostatic symptoms was approximately 3 or more times less than in the Scottish, United States and Japanese populations, while the prevalence of bother was approximately 10 times less. For symptomatic individuals there was poor correlation between symptom severity and bother scores. Bother scores correlated better with quality of life scores (r = 0.50) and were more closely associated with health seeking behavior (p = 0.03) than symptom severity scores (r = 0.39, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of prostatic symptoms, severity and bothersomeness were all relatively low in Singapore. Bother was not analogous to symptom severity and should be considered independently in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Department of Community, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The object of this study was whether improving glycemic control and maintaining normal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) through pregnancy can reduce the frequency of preeclampsia. One hundred and twenty-three complete medical records of pregnant insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) managed at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1983 to 1993 were reviewed. Serial HbA1c measurements and the occurrence of preeclampsia were recorded. Based on the change of HbA1c values through the pregnancy, glycemic control was categorized into four groups: group 1, high to normal; group 2, high to high; group 3, normal to normal; group 4, normal to high. The association between HbA1c change and the incidence of preeclampsia was analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Among 123 IDDM pregnancies, 40 (32.5%) developed preeclampsia. High HbA1c levels at any time in IDDM pregnancies were associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia (group 1 or 2 or 4 versus group 3). Reducing HbA1c by improving glycemic control both before and during pregnancy resulted in a significantly lower incidence of pre-eclampsia (group 3 versus groups 1+2+4, p < 0.05). The best strategy for reducing the frequency of preeclampsia in IDDM pregnancies is by improving glycemic control before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
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Tan HY, Hu JM, Hou RG. [Angiographic findings of femoral artery and its collaterals in Buerger's diseases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1985; 23:471-3, 509. [PMID: 4092543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Loh TF, Ang YH, Wong YK, Tan HY. Fallot's tetralogy--natural history. Singapore Med J 1973; 14:169-71. [PMID: 4777845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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