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Dziadziuszko R, Ahn M, Kelly K, Popat S, Wakelee H, Baird A, Rooney I, Afshari M, Coleman S, Zhang Z, Kiruki H, Patil N, Wen X, Bradley J. SKYSCRAPER-03: A Phase III, Open-Label, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab Plus Tiragolumab Compared With Durvalumab in Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, Stage III NSCLC Who Have Not Progressed After Platinum-Based Concurrent Chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gogas H, Dréno B, Larkin J, Demidov L, Stroyakovskiy D, Eroglu Z, Francesco Ferrucci P, Pigozzo J, Rutkowski P, Mackiewicz J, Rooney I, Voulgari A, Troutman S, Pitcher B, Guo Y, Yan Y, Castro M, Mulla S, Flaherty K, Arance A. Cobimetinib plus atezolizumab in BRAF V600 wild-type melanoma: primary results from the randomized phase III IMspire170 study. Ann Oncol 2020; 32:384-394. [PMID: 33309774 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest that the combination of MEK inhibitors and immunotherapeutic agents may result in improved efficacy in melanoma. We evaluated whether combining MEK inhibition and immune checkpoint inhibition was more efficacious than immune checkpoint inhibition alone in patients with previously untreated BRAFV600 wild-type advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS IMspire170 was an international, randomized, open-label, phase III study. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to receive cobimetinib (60 mg, days 1-21) plus anti-programmed death-ligand 1 atezolizumab (840 mg every 2 weeks) in 28-day cycles or anti-programmed death-1 pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks) alone until loss of clinical benefit, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by an independent review committee in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Between 11 December 2017, and 29 January 2019, 446 patients were randomized to receive cobimetinib plus atezolizumab (n = 222) or pembrolizumab (n = 224). Median follow-up was 7.1 months [interquartile range (IQR) 4.8-9.9] for cobimetinib plus atezolizumab and 7.2 months (IQR 4.9-10.1) for pembrolizumab. Median PFS was 5.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8-7.2] with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab versus 5.7 months (95% CI 3.7-9.6) with pembrolizumab [stratified hazard ratio 1.15 (95% CI 0.88-1.50); P = 0.30]. Hazard ratios for PFS were consistent across prespecified subgroups. In exploratory biomarker analyses, higher tumor mutational burden was associated with improved clinical outcomes in both treatment arms. The most common grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs) were increased blood creatine phosphokinase (10.0% with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab versus 0.9% with pembrolizumab), diarrhea (7.7% versus 1.9%), rash (6.8% versus 0.9%), hypertension (6.4% versus 3.7%), and dermatitis acneiform (5.0% versus 0). Serious AEs occurred in 44.1% of patients with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab and 20.8% with pembrolizumab. CONCLUSION Cobimetinib plus atezolizumab did not improve PFS compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with BRAFV600 wild-type advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - B Dréno
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J Larkin
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Demidov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Stroyakovskiy
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital #62 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Z Eroglu
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | | | - J Pigozzo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - P Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - I Rooney
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - A Voulgari
- Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - S Troutman
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - B Pitcher
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Mississauga, Canada
| | - Y Guo
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Y Yan
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - M Castro
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - S Mulla
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Mississauga, Canada
| | - K Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | - A Arance
- Department of Medical Oncology and IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Dréno B, Ribas A, Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Hauschild A, Thomas L, Grob JJ, Koralek DO, Rooney I, Hsu JJ, McKenna EF, McArthur GA. Incidence, course, and management of toxicities associated with cobimetinib in combination with vemurafenib in the coBRIM study. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1137-1144. [PMID: 28444112 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the coBRIM phase III trial, the addition of cobimetinib, an MEK inhibitor, to vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, significantly improved progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.58; P < 0.0001] and overall survival (HR, 0.70; P = 0.005) in advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma. Here, we report on the incidence, course, and management of key adverse events (AEs) in the coBRIM study. Patients and methods Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive vemurafenib (960 mg twice a day) and either cobimetinib (60 mg once a day, 21 days on/7 days off) or placebo. In addition to standard safety evaluations, patients underwent regular ophthalmic, cardiac, and dermatologic surveillance examinations. Results Of 495 patients recruited to the study, 493 patients received treatment and constituted the safety population (cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib, 247; vemurafenib, 246). At data cut-off (30 September 2015), median follow-up was 18.5 months. Nearly every patient experienced an AE. In patients who received cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib, the frequency of grade ≥3 AEs was higher than in patients who received vemurafenib alone (75% versus 61%). Most AEs, including grade ≥3 AEs, occurred within the first treatment cycle. After the first cycle (28 days), the incidence of common AEs (rash, diarrhoea, photosensitivity, elevated creatine phosphokinase, serous retinopathy, pyrexia, and liver laboratory abnormalities) decreased substantially over time. Most AEs were managed conservatively by supportive care measures, dose modifications of study treatment, and, occasionally, permanent treatment discontinuation. Conclusions These data indicate that most AEs arising from treatment with cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib generally occur early in the treatment course, are mild or moderate and are manageable by patient monitoring, dose modification and supportive care. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01689519.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dréno
- Department of Dermato Cancerology, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - A Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - J Larkin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P A Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - A Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon 1 University, Lyons Cancer Research Center, France
| | - J-J Grob
- Dermatology and Cutaneous Oncology, Aix-Marseille University Hôpital de la Timone AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - D O Koralek
- Department of Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - I Rooney
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - J J Hsu
- Biostatistics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - E F McKenna
- Medical Affairs, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - G A McArthur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Vuylsteke P, Huizing M, Petrakova K, Roylance R, Laing R, Chan S, Abell F, Gendreau S, Rooney I, Apt D, Zhou J, Singel S, Fehrenbacher L. Pictilisib PI3Kinase inhibitor (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor) plus paclitaxel for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, locally recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer: interim analysis of the multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase II randomised PEGGY study. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2059-2066. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yan Y, Robert C, Larkin J, Ascierto P, Dreno B, Maio M, Garbe C, Chapman P, Sosman J, Wongchenko M, Hsu J, Chang I, Caro I, Rooney I, McArthur G, Ribas A. Genomic features of complete responders (CR) versus fast progressors (PD) in patients with BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma treated with cobimetinib + vemurafenib or vemurafenib alone. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw379.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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ODonnell P, Goldman J, Gordon M, Shih K, Choi Y, Lu D, Kabbarah O, Ho W, Rooney I, Lam E. 621 A Phase I Dose-escalation Study of MFGR1877S, a Human Monoclonal Anti-fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) Antibody, in Patients (pts) with Advanced Solid Tumors. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine and receptor superfamily plays critical roles in immune physiology. Several members of this family, such as the lymphotoxins (LT alpha and LT beta), Fas ligand, and TNF, induce cell death in some normal and transformed cells, but also induce cell growth and differentiation. The receptors for these ligands, when expressed as fusion proteins with the Fc region of IgG, function as potent antagonists of biological activity. The receptor-Fc fusion protein is a highly versatile reagent that can be utilized in virtually all the formats designed for antibodies. In this chapter we describe the expression, purification, and assays for lymphotoxins and their receptors, using a recombinant baculovirus system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rooney
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Inagaki-Ohara K, Yada S, Takamura N, Reaves M, Yu X, Liu E, Rooney I, Nicholas S, Castro A, Ware CF, Green DR, Lin T. p53-dependent radiation-induced crypt intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis is mediated in part through TNF-TNFR1 system. Oncogene 2001; 20:812-8. [PMID: 11314015 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2000] [Revised: 12/08/2000] [Accepted: 12/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induces apoptosis of crypt intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) through a pathway that is largely dependent on p53. However, exactly how p53 mediates IEC apoptosis is unclear. Studies in vitro suggest that one mechanism by which p53 mediates apoptosis is through its ability to transactivate members of the TNF receptor family of 'Death Receptors'. Here, we examined the role of one of its member, TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1), in an in vivo model of p53-dependent radiation-induced IEC apoptosis. We demonstrate that mice genetically engineered to be deficient in TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1(-/-)) and mice injected with TNFR1-fusion chimeric protein (TNFR1-Fc; a competitive inhibitor of TNFR1) were partially protected (30-40%) from p53-dependent radiation-induced IEC apoptosis. However, we found no evidence to support the possibility p53 transcriptionally regulates the expression of TNFR1 nor increases the susceptibility of IEC to TNF-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that injection of TNF readily induced IEC apoptosis and that radiation induced a p53-dependent increase in the intestinal level of TNF. Furthermore, injection of a neutralizing anti-TNF mAb reduced p53-dependent radiation-induced IEC apoptosis by approximately 60%. Overall, these results suggest that p53-dependent radiation-induced IEC apoptosis is mediated in part through ability of p53 to regulate TNF, which subsequently induces IEC apoptosis through TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inagaki-Ohara
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611, USA
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Rooney I, Hornby S. From troglodytes to information managers: information management and technology needs to achieve the primary care NHS modernization agenda--the views of three GPs. Health Libr Rev 2000; 17:148-56. [PMID: 11186807 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2532.2000.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to the information management and technology changes proposed by the Government's NHS modernization initiative this article examines the issues that GPs feel to be of major significance to their work. Although information and communications technology is widely used in general practice there is no one agreed standard system. The level of technology and the manner in which it is used is also diverse throughout the profession, as are the attitudes that exist amongst GPs regarding the value of information management and technology, and the benefits efficient information management offers to them and to their patients. The views of three local GPs from practices with varying levels of information technology were obtained through semi-structured interviews and the findings developed in the light of current discussions in the published literature. The GPs chosen reflect the disparity within general practice and, perhaps, other units of the NHS in the use and understanding of information management. The main conclusions were that there is ambivalence and scepticism about what NHSnet currently has to offer; that local electronic records benefit patient care, but when networked more widely problems of confidentiality and security result. Practitioners were also mindful of the financial costs of changes and concerned, given the impact of PCGs and clinical governance, as to who will be responsible for ensuring a common level of electronic records, IT provision, and financial and technological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rooney
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 3a Flowery Field, Woodsmoor, Stockport SK2 7DR, UK.
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Sarrias MR, Whitbeck JC, Rooney I, Ware CF, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Lambris JD. The three HveA receptor ligands, gD, LT-alpha and LIGHT bind to distinct sites on HveA. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:665-73. [PMID: 11164894 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(00)00089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The herpes virus entry mediator A (HveA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, interacts with three different protein ligands; lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) and LIGHT (LIGHT stands for lymphotoxin homolog, which exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HveA and is expressed on T-lymphocytes) from the host and the herpes simplex virus (HSV) surface glycoprotein gD. It has been reported that the gD binding site on HveA is located within the receptor's two N-terminal CRP domains, and that gD and LIGHT compete for their binding to HveA. However, whether these ligands interact with the same or different sites on the receptor is unclear. We analyzed and compared the sites of interaction between HveA and its TNF ligands, by using two recombinant forms of the receptor, comprising the full-receptor ectodomain (HveA (200t)) and its two first CRP domains (HveA (120t)), as well as several monoclonal antibodies recognizing HveA. Two HveA peptide ligands (BP-1 and BP-2) that differentially inhibit binding of soluble gD and LT-alpha to the receptor were also used to demonstrate that gD, LIGHT and LT-alpha bind to distinct sites on the receptor. Our results suggest that binding of a ligand to HveA may alter the conformation of this receptor, thereby affecting its interaction with its other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarrias
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sarrias MR, Whitbeck JC, Rooney I, Spruce L, Kay BK, Montgomery RI, Spear PG, Ware CF, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Lambris JD. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus gD and lymphotoxin-alpha binding to HveA by peptide antagonists. J Virol 1999; 73:5681-7. [PMID: 10364318 PMCID: PMC112627 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.7.5681-5687.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpesvirus entry mediator A (HveA) is a recently characterized member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that mediates the entry of most herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains into mammalian cells. Studies on the interaction of HSV-1 with HveA have shown that of all the viral proteins involved in uptake, only gD has been shown to bind directly to HveA, and this binding mediates viral entry into cells. In addition to gD binding to HveA, the latter has been shown to interact with proteins of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family, lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha), and a membrane-associated protein referred to as LIGHT. To study the relationship between HveA, its natural ligands, and the viral proteins involved in HSV entry into cells, we have screened two phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries for peptide ligands of a recombinant form of HveA. Affinity selection experiments yielded two peptide ligands, BP-1 and BP-2, which could block the interaction between gD and HveA. Of the two peptides, only BP-2 inhibited HSV entry into CHO cells transfected with an HveA-expressing plasmid. When we analyzed these peptides for the ability to interfere with HveA binding to its natural ligand LT-alpha, we found that BP-1 inhibited the interaction of cellular LT-alpha with HveA. Thus, we have dissected the sites of interaction between the cell receptor, its natural ligand LT-alpha and gD, the virus-specific protein involved in HSV entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarrias
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Benedict CA, Butrovich KD, Lurain NS, Corbeil J, Rooney I, Schneider P, Tschopp J, Ware CF. Cutting edge: a novel viral TNF receptor superfamily member in virulent strains of human cytomegalovirus. J Immunol 1999; 162:6967-70. [PMID: 10358135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The UL144 open reading frame found in clinical isolates of human CMV (HCMV) encodes a structural homologue of the herpesvirus entry mediator, a member of the TNFR superfamily. UL144 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed early after infection of fibroblasts; however, it is retained intracellularly. A YXXZ motif in the highly conserved cytoplasmic tail contributes to UL144 subcellular distribution. The finding that no known ligand of the TNF family binds UL144 suggests that its mechanism of action is distinct from other known viral immune evasion genes. Specific Abs to UL144 can be detected in the serum of a subset of HCMV seropositive individuals infected with HIV. This work establishes a novel molecular link between the TNF superfamily and herpesvirus that may contribute to the ability of HCMV to escape immune clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Benedict
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Rooney I, Hughes P, Calder AA. Is routine administration of syntometrine still justified in the management of the third stage of labour? Health Bull (Edinb) 1985; 43:99-101. [PMID: 4044247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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