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Hwang IS, Jeong HJ, Hwang J. Numerical simulation of a dense flow cyclone using the kinetic theory of granular flow in a dense discrete phase model. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim J, Hwang IS, Shin S, Choi JR, Lee ST. SNP-based next-generation sequencing reveals low-level mixed chimerism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:1731-1734. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shin S, Hwang IS, Kim J, Lee KA, Lee ST, Choi JR. Detection of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Clonality by Next-Generation Sequencing for Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Ann Lab Med 2018; 37:331-335. [PMID: 28445014 PMCID: PMC5409014 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) following B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treatment has gained prognostic importance. Clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangement is a useful follow-up marker in B-ALL owing to its high positivity rate. We evaluated the performance and clinical applicability of a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay for IGH rearrangement in B-ALL MRD monitoring. IGH rearrangement was tested by using fluorescence PCR-fragment analysis and the NGS assay in eight B-ALL patients. The NGS assay was run on two platforms: the Ion Torrent PGM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) (18 samples from 1st to 7th patients) and the MiSeq system (Illumina, USA) (four samples from 8th patient). All initial diagnostic samples and four follow-up samples were positive for clonal IGH rearrangement with fluorescence PCR-fragment analysis and the NGS assay, and six follow-up samples were positive only with NGS. In one case with BCR-ABL1 translocation, BCR-ABL1 quantitative PCR was negative but the NGS IGH assay was positive just prior to full-blown relapse, suggesting the high sensitivity and clinical utility of the NGS assay. The NGS assay is proposed for MRD monitoring in B-ALL Additional studies are needed to confirm the clinical implications of cases showing positive results only in NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Han J, Rim JH, Hwang IS, Kim J, Shin S, Lee ST, Choi JR. Diagnostic application of clinical exome sequencing in Leber congenital amaurosis. Mol Vis 2017; 23:649-659. [PMID: 28966547 PMCID: PMC5610811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a hereditary retinal dystrophy with wide genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting multiple genes can be a good option for the diagnosis of LCA, and we tested a clinical exome panel in patients with LCA. METHODS A total of nine unrelated Korean patients with LCA were sequenced using the Illumina TruSight One panel, which targets 4,813 clinically associated genes, followed by confirmation using Sanger sequencing. Patients' clinical information and familial study results were obtained and used for comprehensive interpretation. RESULTS In all nine patients, we identified pathogenic variations in LCA-associated genes: NMNAT1 (n=3), GUCY2D (n=2), RPGRIP1 (n=2), CRX (n=1), and CEP290 or SPATA7. Six patients had one or two mutations in accordance with inheritance patterns, all consistent with clinical phenotypes. Two patients had only one pathogenic mutation in recessive genes (NMNAT1 and RPGRIP1), and the clinical features were specific to disorders associated with those genes. Six patients were solved for genetic causes, and it remains unclear for three patients with the clinical exome panel. With subsequent targeted panel sequencing with 113 genes associated with infantile nystagmus syndrome, a likely pathogenic allele in CEP290 was detected in one patient. Interestingly, one pathogenic variant (p.Arg237Cys) in NMNAT1 was present in three patients, and it had a high allele frequency (0.24%) in the general Korean population, suggesting that NMNAT1 could be a major gene responsible for LCA in Koreans. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that a commercial clinical exome panel can be effectively used in the diagnosis of LCA. Careful interpretation and clinical correlation could promote the successful implementation of clinical exome panels in routine diagnoses of retinal dystrophies, including LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Hoon Rim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pinto NA, D'Souza R, Hwang IS, Choi J, In YH, Park HS, Ryu CM, Yong D, Lee K. Whole genome and transcriptome analysis reveal MALDI-TOF MS and SDS-PAGE have limited performance for the detection of the key outer membrane protein in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84818-84826. [PMID: 29156685 PMCID: PMC5689575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect the outer membrane protein (OMP), which plays a key role in carbapenem resistance, whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of the clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. The index strain lacked both OmpK35 and OmpK36, whereas the other strains lacked only OmpK35. After SDS-PAGE, the putative OMP bands were excised and identified as OmpA and OmpK36. MALDI-TOF MS showed peaks at ∼36 and ∼38 kDa that corresponded to OmpA and OmpK36, respectively. In all the strains except YMC2014/03/P345, the ∼38 kDa peaks were present. The K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 isolate showed three bands on SDS-PAGE and three corresponding peaks on MALDI-TOF MS. The additional third peak at ∼37 kDa corresponding to OmpK35 was observed. To verify OmpK35 peak detection in other K. pneumoniae isolates by MALDI-TOF MS, we analyzed six strains from our laboratory’s strain bank. Whole genome sequence indicated that only two isolates had intact OmpK35. Both MALDI-TOF MS and SDS-PAGE did not show a ∼37 kDa peak or an OmpK35 band as observed in the K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 isolate. Separation using SDS-PAGE showed a single peak representing OmpA. Therefore, both SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS were not completely reliable for OMP detection because they fail to detect OmpK35. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the performance of SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS for the detection of OMP’s using whole-genome and RNA sequencing analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Adren Pinto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roshan D'Souza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongrak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Kim S, Hwang IS, Choi JR, Lee JG, Kim YS, Kim MS, Kim HO. Effects of Neutralization by Soluble ABH Antigens Produced by Transplanted Kidneys From ABO-Incompatible Secretor Donors. Ann Lab Med 2017; 37:254-260. [PMID: 28224772 PMCID: PMC5339098 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafts survive despite blood group antigens on the transplant being continuously exposed to antibodies in the blood of recipients in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi KT), owing to the mechanism of accommodation. We analyzed the immunodynamics of soluble ABH antigens in allografts from secretor donors and the influence of such immunodynamics on accommodation and subsequent graft survival in ABOi KT. METHODS The genotype of a known human β-galactoside α-1,2-fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2), which determines soluble ABH antigen secretor status, was established in 32 donors for ABOi KT at the Severance Hospital, from June 2010 to July 2015. Clinical outcomes of recipients, such as anti-A/B antibody titer change, renal function, and graft survival, were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-five donors were secretors (78.1%), and seven were nonsecretors (21.9%). The frequency of anti-A/B IgG or IgM antibody titer elevation or reduction post-transplantation was not significantly related to donor secretor status. However, IgM titer was rapidly reduced in recipients transplanted from nonsecretor donors (P=0.01), which could be explained by the lack of absorption effect of soluble antigens, enhancing the binding of antibodies to antigens in the allografts. Interestingly, soluble ABH antigens did not affect rejection-free graft survival, which may be due to the nature of β-galactoside α-1,2-fucosyltransferase. CONCLUSIONS Soluble ABH antigens produced by transplanted kidneys from secretor donors played a role in inducing accommodation within three months of KT through neutralization; however, major graft outcomes were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Seun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Park HS, Park SJ, Kim JY, Kim S, Ryu J, Sohn J, Park S, Kim GM, Hwang IS, Choi JR, Kim SI. Next-generation sequencing of BRCA1/2 in breast cancer patients: potential effects on clinical decision-making using rapid, high-accuracy genetic results. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 92:331-339. [PMID: 28480178 PMCID: PMC5416916 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.92.5.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the clinical role of rapid next-generation sequencing (NGS) for identifying BRCA1/2 mutations compared to traditional Sanger sequencing. Methods Twenty-four paired samples from 12 patients were analyzed in this prospective study to compare the performance of NGS to the Sanger method. Both NGS and Sanger sequencing were performed in 2 different laboratories using blood samples from patients with breast cancer. We then analyzed the accuracy of NGS in terms of variant calling and determining concordance rates of BRCA1/2 mutation detection. Results The overall concordance rate of BRCA1/2 mutation identification was 100%. Variants of unknown significance (VUS) were reported in two cases of BRCA1 and 3 cases of BRCA2 after Sanger sequencing, whereas NGS reported only 1 case of BRCA1 VUS, likely due to differences in reference databases used for mutation identification. The median turnaround time of Sanger sequencing was 22 days (range, 14–26 days), while the median time of NGS was only 6 days (range, 3–21 days). Conclusion NGS yielded comparably accurate results to Sanger sequencing and in a much shorter time with respect to BRCA1/2 mutation identification. The shorter turnaround time and higher accuracy of NGS may help clinicians make more timely and informed decisions regarding surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seok Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Ye Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaegyu Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Hwang IS, Kim HS, Joo DJ, Hong KR, Choi JR. Bone marrow chimerism detection using next generation sequencing based on single nucleotide polymorphisms following liver transplantation: comparison with short tandem repeat-PCR. Ann Lab Med 2015; 36:82-4. [PMID: 26522768 PMCID: PMC4697352 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyon Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ran Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hwang IS, Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Go J, Son HJ, Kim DS, Hwang DY. Fermented soybean product (Cheonggukjang) improved some attributes of protein and growth hormone measurements in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:355-67. [PMID: 24774072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the administration of Cheonggukjang (CKJ) would exert positive effects on factors implicated with growth in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To test this hypothesis, we measured specific aspects of bone and organ growth in male SD rats that were treated for 6 weeks with 3 concentrations of CKJ. Although the CKJ extract contained high concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, no significant differences in body length, organ weights, or femur weight were detected between the CKJ- and vehicle-treated groups. However, thicknesses of the epiphyseal growth plate in the proximal femoral epiphysis and the compact bone in the linea aspera were broadest in the femur of the 2 CKJ-treated groups when compared with the vehicle-treated groups. Furthermore, the levels of growth hormone (GH) and calcium ion were higher in the sera of the high-concentration CKJ-treated groups, whereas the expression level of GH receptor was higher in muscle tissue of all CKJ-treated groups and in the liver tissue of the high-concentration CKJ-treated group. In the GH receptor downstream signaling pathway, the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk were expressed differently between liver and muscle tissues upon CKJ treatment. However, the phosphorylation level of STAT5 was very similar to the expression level of the GH receptor in all CKJ-treated groups. These results indicate that CKJ extract may increase the thickness of the epiphyseal growth plate and the compact bone of the femur, elevate GH secretion, and stimulate regulation of the GH receptor downstream signaling pathway in the liver and muscle tissues of SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- Department of Life Science & Environment Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sup Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang IS, Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Lee HG, Kim HS, Lee HS, Hwang DY. Growth sensitivity in the epiphyseal growth plate, liver and muscle of SD rats is significantly enhanced by treatment with a fermented soybean product (cheonggukjang) through stimulation of growth hormone secretion. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:166-72. [PMID: 24173540 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheonggukjang (CKJ), a fermented soybean product, has been reported to have beneficial effects on various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and immune diseases. To investigate whether CKJ induces growth sensitivity in mammals, alterations of key parameters related to their growth were analyzed. Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats were treated with a high concentration of CKJ (H‑CKJ) or a low concentration of CKJ (L‑CKJ) for 10 days, and compared with vehicle-treated rats. The CKJ contained a high concentration of total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, daidzein and genistein, compared with the non-fermented soybean product. Body weight was higher in the H‑CKJ‑treated group compared with that in the vehicle‑ and L‑CKJ‑treated groups, whereas the weights of three organs (the brain, liver and kidney) were higher in the L‑CKJ‑treated group compared with the remaining two groups. However, no significant differences in femur length and weight were detected between the CKJ‑ and vehicle‑treated groups. The thickness of the epiphyseal growth plate in proximal femoral epiphysis was broadest in the H‑CKJ‑treated group compared with the vehicle- and L‑CKJ‑treated groups. Furthermore, the level of growth hormone (GH) was highest in the serum of the L‑CKJ‑treated group, although that of the H‑CKJ‑treated group was lower compared with that in the L‑CKJ group. Moreover, the expression levels of the GH receptor increased in the liver tissue, but not in the muscle tissue, of the L‑CKJ‑ and H‑CKJ‑treated groups. In the downstream signaling pathway of the GH receptor, the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk were differentially regulated between the liver and muscle. These results suggest that CKJ extract may enhance the sensitivity of the femur, liver and muscle epiphyseal growth plate in SD rats, through the upregulation of GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang‑si 627‑706, Republic of Korea
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Goo JS, Kim YN, Choi KM, Hwang IS, Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lim CJ, Seong JK, Hwang DY. Proteomic analysis of kidneys from selenoprotein M transgenic rats in response to increased bioability of selenium. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:10. [PMID: 23937859 PMCID: PMC3751301 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize changes in global protein expression in kidneys of transgenic rats overexpressing human selenoprotein M (SelM) in response to increased bioabivility of selenium (Sel), total proteins extracted from kidneys of 10-week-old CMV/hSelM Tg and wild-type rats were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and measured for changes in expression. RESULTS Ten and three proteins showing high antioxidant enzymatic activity were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in SelM-overexpressing CMV/hSelM Tg rats compared to controls based on an arbitrary 2-fold difference. Up-regulated proteins included LAP3, BAIAP2L1, CRP2, CD73 antigen, PDGF D, KIAA143 homolog, PRPPS-AP2, ZFP313, HSP-60, and N-WASP, whereas down-regulated proteins included ALKDH3, rMCP-3, and STC-1. After Sel treatment, five of the up-regulated proteins were significantly increased in expression in wild-type rats, whereas there were no changes in CMV/hSelM Tg rats. Only two of the down-regulated proteins showed reduced expression in wild-type and Tg rats after Sel treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results show the primary novel biological evidences that new functional protein groups and individual proteins in kidneys of Tg rats relate to Sel biology including the response to Sel treatment and SelM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seo Goo
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Choi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Sun Bo Shim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Korea FDA, Osong 363-700, Korea
| | - Seung Wan Jee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Korea FDA, Osong 363-700, Korea
| | - Chul Joo Lim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Korea FDA, Osong 363-700, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program or Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
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Kwak MH, Kim JE, Hwang IS, Lee YJ, An BS, Hong JT, Lee SH, Hwang DY. Quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effect of Liriope platyphylla on phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148:880-889. [PMID: 23726789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of previous pharmacological studies have suggested that Liriope platyphylla may exert beneficial biological effects on inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, obesity, and atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla (AEtLP) on AD was quantified using the luciferase report system in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic (Tg) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alteration of the luciferase signal was quantified in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with phthalic anhydride (PA) and AEtLP for 2 weeks using the IVIS imaging system. Phenotypes of AD were assessed by ear thickness analysis, measurement of immune-related organ weights, ELISA, and histological and pathological analysis in Tg mice. RESULTS A strong luciferase signal was detected in the abdominal region of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice treated with only PA. However, this signal was significantly reduced in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with PA+AEtLP in an AEtLP concentration-dependent manner. Especially, three organs, the thymus, pancreas, and submandibular lymph node (SL), showed a high signal response to PA treatment. Furthermore, to verify whether or not alteration of the luciferase signal is associated with AD, these disease response phenotypes were measured in the same group of mice. Common allergenic responses including increases in ear thickness, lymph node weight, IgE concentration, and infiltrated mast cells were detected in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice treated with PA. However, these responses were dramatically decreased by AEtLP treatment for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the luciferase signal may successfully reflect the therapeutic effects of AEtLP in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Further, we suggest additional evidence that Liriope platyphylla may be considered as an effective therapeutic drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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Goo JS, Kim YB, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Kim JE, Hwang IS, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Lim CJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Nicastrin overexpression in transgenic mice induces aberrant behavior and APP processing. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:232-43. [PMID: 23595812 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicastrin (NCT) is a component of the presenilin protein complex, which is involved in the cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and Notch. The aim of this study was to determine the manner in which overexpression of wild-type human nicastrin (hNCTw) or mutant human nicastrin (hNCTm, D336A/Y337A) regulates brain functions and amyloid precusor protein (APP) processing. For this, we created transgenic (Tg) mice expressing neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-controlled hNCTw or hNCTm and measured their phenotypes as time passed. The NSE/hNCTw and NSE/hNCTm Tg groups exhibited greater behavioral dysfunction from 10 months of age than the non-Tg group, although their severities differed. Further, activity and component levels of the γ-secretase complex were significantly elevated in NSE/hNCTw Tg mice, expect for PEN-2. These alterations induced stimulation of APP processing, resulting in overproduction of Aβ-42 peptide in the NSE/hNCTw Tg group, whereas the NSE/hNCTm Tg group showed a comparatively weaker effect. Furthermore, the highest expression levels of β-secretase and NICD were observed in the NSE/hNCTw Tg group, similar to other phenotypes. Especially, a significances interference on the interaction between NCT and γ-secretase substrates was detected in NSE/hNCTm Tg groups compare with NSE/hNCTw Tg group. These results indicate that hNCTw overexpression in Tg mice promoted active assembly of the γ-secretase complex through modulation of APP processing and behavior, whereas the lesser effect in NSE/hNCTm Tg mice was due to reduced expression of hNCTm. These Tg mice could be useful for the development and application of therapeutic drugs in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seo Goo
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
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Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Hwang IS, Lee YJ, An BS, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Kang BC, Hwang DY. Selenium significantly inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and abdominal fat accumulation in OLETF rats via induction of fatty acid β-oxidation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:360-70. [PMID: 23076603 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A combination of selenium (Se) with other trace element is associated with partially modulate fatty acid distribution as well as reduction of the body weight and feed efficiency. To investigate whether or not Se treatment has an impact on lipid metabolism, we examined the levels of lipid metabolism-related factors, including abdominal fat, adiponectin, cholesterol, very long chain dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in 20-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats following sodium selenite treatment for 2 weeks. Herein, we observed that (a) Se treatment induced insulin-like effects by lowering the serum glucose level in rats; (b) Se-treated rats showed significance values decreases in abdominal fat mass, adipocyte size, and adiponectin, which are associated with lipid metabolism; (c) Se treatment led to reduced levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; (d) fat tissue in Se-treated rats displayed significantly lower expression of adipocyte marker genes along with increased expression of VLCAD and MCAD; and (e) fatty liver formation and β-oxidation gene expression were both significantly reduced in liver tissue of Se-treated rats. Therefore, our results suggest that Se may induce inhibition of adipocyte hypertrophy and abdominal fat accumulation along with suppression of fatty liver formation by the differential regulation of the gene expression for fatty acid β-oxidation in the OLETF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, Republic of Korea
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15
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Choi SI, Goo JS, Kim JE, Nam SH, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Lee JS, Kim HJ, Hwang DY. Differential effects of the steaming time and frequency for manufactured red Liriope platyphylla on nerve growth factor secretion ability, nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway and regulation of calcium concentration. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1160-70. [PMID: 22895564 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb Liriope platyphylla (LP) has been considered to have curative properties for diabetes, asthma and neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the effects of steaming time and frequency of manufactured red LP (RLP) on the nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion ability and NGF receptor signaling pathway, the NGF concentration, cell differentiation, NGF signaling pathway and calcium concentration were analyzed in neuronal cells treated with several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions. The maximum NGF secretion was observed in B35 cells treated with 50 µg/ml LP extract steamed for 9 h (9-SLP) and with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 7 times (7-SALP). No significant changes in viability were detected in any of the cells treated with the various LPs, with the exception of 0-SLP and 0-SALP. In addition, PC12 cell differentiation was induced by treatment with the NGF-containing conditional medium (CM) collected from the RLP-treated cells. The levels of TrkA and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the high affinity NGF receptor signaling pathway were significantly higher in the cells treated with 3-SLP or 1-SALP/3-SALP CM compared with those treated with the vehicle CM. In the low affinity NGF receptor pathway, the expression levels of most components were higher in the 9-, 15- and 24-SALP CM-treated cells compared with the vehicle CM-treated cells. However, this level was significantly altered in cells treated with 3-SALP CM. Furthermore, an examination of the RLP function on calcium regulation revealed that only the LP- or RLP-treated cells exhibited changes in intracellular and extracellular calcium levels. RLP induced a significant decrease in the intracellular calcium levels and an increase in the extracellular calcium levels. These results suggest the possibility that steaming-processed LP may aid in the relief of neurodegenerative diseases through the NGF secretion ability and NGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Il Choi
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim JE, Kim SG, Goo JS, Park DJ, Lee YJ, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Choi SI, Lee YJ, Oh CH, Choi YW, Hwang DY. The α-iso-cubebenol compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis induces p53-independent pathway-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1103-9. [PMID: 22736046 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) plants are extensively used because of their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihepatic activities. However, their active compounds remain to be clearly determined. In this study, we investigated the antitumor functions of α-iso-cubebenol (αIC) isolated from S. chinensis using HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. HepG2 cells were exposed to αIC for 24 h, and apoptosis was assessed using standard viability and cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. HepG2 cell populations treated only with 340 µM of αIC showed markedly increased cell death, but lower concentrations induced minimal alterations of population viability and cell morphology. However, the results of flow cytometry showed that the majority of viable cells were undergoing apoptosis at all tested αIC concentrations. Western blot analysis results revealed a significant and αIC concentration-dependent reduction in the levels of the pro-caspase-3 apoptotic protein and the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. In particular, the Bax pro-apoptosis protein and p53 (which regulates Bax expression) showed different expression patterns after the application of αIC treatment to HepG2 cells. Bax expression was slightly increased in cells treated with the high concentration of αIC, while p53 expression was markedly reduced in a dose-dependent fashion, similar to that of Bcl-2. The results of this study suggest that αIC is an anticancer drug candidate by virtue of its apoptotic induction abilities in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which occur via a p53-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hwang IS, Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Jang MJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Oh CH, Kim BH, Lee SH, Hwang DY. UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice is effectively prevented by oral intake of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend for 6 weeks through MMP suppression and increase of SOD activity. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:392-400. [PMID: 22641502 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative photodamage induced by UV radiation can cause serious skin damage that is characterized by wrinkling, roughness, laxity and pigmentation. The effects of a sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend (SFB) containing sea buckthorn fruit extract, blueberry extract and collagen on UV-induced skin aging were examined by treating hairless mice for 6 weeks with UV irradiation and SFB administered orally. The effects of SFB were measured in the skin of these mice by phenotypical and histological analysis and western blotting. According to wrinkle formation analysis, the oral intake of SFB induced a decrease in wrinkle formation in the damaged skin of UV-irradiated mice. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis in the vitamin extracts (Vit)- and SFB-treated group was lower than that in the vehicle-treated group, but the group treated with SFB50 was the most effective group. The mice treated with the Vit- or SFB solution maintained a normal moisture content through the inhibition of transdermal water loss (TEWL) and an increase in skin moisture content. Furthermore, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and collagen protein expression were assessed in five groups to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of SFB oral intake. The application of SFB induced a decrease in MMP-1 and -9 expression to the levels observed in the vehicle-treated group, but MMP-9 expression showed a much larger decrease than MMP-1. Furthermore, the expression of collagen-1 in the skin corresponded to MMP expression except for the SFB30-treated group, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased dramatically in the SFB50-treated group. These results suggest that SFB has potential as a protective and therapeutic drug candidate against skin aging that functions by regulating the moisture content, MMP expression levels and SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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Seo HJ, Kim YJ, Cho KB, Kim ES, Hwang IS, Baek SK, Park KS. Nodal metastasis after successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal mucosal cancer. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E374-5. [PMID: 22068653 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Seo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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19
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Nam SH, Seo SJ, Goo JS, Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Hwang IS, Jee SW, Lee SH, Bae CJ, Park JY, Kim HS, Shim SB, Hwang DY. Pen-2 overexpression induces Aβ-42 production, memory defect, motor activity enhancement and feeding behavior dysfunction in NSE/Pen-2 transgenic mice. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28:961-71. [PMID: 21822534 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pen-2 is a key regulator of the γ-secretase complex, which is involved in the production of the amyloid β (Aβ)-42 peptides, which ultimately lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). While Pen-2 has been studied in vitro, Pen-2 function in vivo in the brains of transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing human Pen-2 (hPen-2) protein has not been studied. This study aimed to determine whether Pen-2 overexpression could regulate the AD-like phenotypes in Tg mice. NSE/hPen-2 Tg mice were produced by the microinjection of the NSE/hPen-2 gene into the pronucleus of fertilized eggs. The expression of the hPen-2 gene under the control of the NSE promoter was successfully detected only in the brain and kidney tissue of NSE/hPen-2 Tg mice. Also, 12-month-old NSE/hPen-2 Tg mice displayed behavioral dysfunction in the water maze test, motor activity and feeding behavior dysfunction in food intake/water intake/motor activity monitoring system. In addition, tissue samples displayed dense staining with antibody to the Aβ-42 peptide. Furthermore, NSE/hPen-2 Tg mice exhibiting feeding behavior dysfunction were significantly more apt to display symptoms related to diabetes and obesity. These results suggest that Pen-2 overexpression in NSE/hPen-2 Tg mice may induce all the AD-like phenotypes, including behavioral deficits, motor activity and feeding behavior dysfunction, Aβ-42 peptide deposition and chronic disease induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Nam
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Both coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and selenium (Se) deficiency play a pivotal role in Keshan disease of the heart. The Se deficiency was known to contribute to the CVB3-induced myocarditis in acute and subacute phase of infection. However, its effect on the myocarditis in chronic phase of infection has not been examined yet. To address this question, we kept mice on a Se-replete or Se-deficient diet for 28 days, infected them intraperitoneally with CVB3 and maintaining previous diets, we examined them for next 90 days for several parameters indicative of the infection or disease. We found out that the mice on the Se-deficient diet exhibited a higher mortality, lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, evident histopathological changes indicative of myocarditis, and a higher level of viral RNA in the heart. Summing up, these data suggest that the Se-deficiency creates a chronic myocarditis-prone condition by fostering the active virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Jun
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Hong SK, Lee ST, Kim SS, Min KE, Hwang IS, Kim M, Jeong SJ, Byun SS, Hwang SI, Lee SE. Effect of bony pelvic dimensions measured by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging on performing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. BJU Int 2009; 104:664-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. METHODS Overall, 237 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 1995 and 2004 were analyzed for all clinical and pathological factors. The influence of these two pathological features on biochemical failure-free survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Lymphovascular and perineural invasion were identified in 41 (17.2%) and 100 (42.0%) patients, respectively. LVI and PNI were significantly associated with the preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, a higher PSA density, a higher pathological stage, a higher Gleason score, a higher frequency of extracapsular extension, a higher frequency of seminal vesicle invasion, and a higher frequency of a positive resection margin. Positive resection margins (P = 0.001) and perineural invasion (P = 0.011) were identified as independent factors associated with biochemical failure-free survival by the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this series, PNI was associated with established parameters of biologically aggressive disease, and was an important prognostic factor for biochemical failure-free survival in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. This finding supports routine evaluation of the PNI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and suggests that patients with PNI should be more closely followed after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Park YH, Hwang IS, Jeong CW, Kim HH, Lee SE, Kwak C. Prostate Specific Antigen Half-Time and Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time as Predictors of Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2009; 181:2520-4; discussion 2525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong SJ, Hwang IS, Kim SS, Lee ST, Min GE, Han BK, Kim JH, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee SE. ARE RISK FACTORS FOR FAILURE AFTER MID-URETHRAL SLING OPERATION DIFFERENT BETWEEN PURE STRESS AND MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE? J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)61727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Jeong SJ, Hwang IS, Kim SS, Lee ST, Min KE, Han BK, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee SE. Are Risk Factors for Failure after Mid-Urethral Sling Operation Different between Patients with Pure Stress and Those with Mixed Urinary Incontinence in the Short-Term Follow-Up? Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.6.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jin Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Min
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
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Hwang IS, Park YH, Kwak C, Kim HH. Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Learning Curves for Surgical, Oncological, and Functional Outcome. Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.11.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Park YH, Kang MY, Hwang IS, Park CS, Kim SH, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH. Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Korean J Urol 2009; 50:1. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Yong Kang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Hwang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Soo Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang IS. Physiological aspects of MMG and EMG spectra during load-varying isometric dorsiflexion. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 47:79-87. [PMID: 17479723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine spectral features of the mechanomyogram (MMG) and electromyogram (EMG) during static and load-varying isometric dorsiflexion to characterize force control strategies of the tibialis anterior. Twelve healthy subjects performed two motor tasks including 1) four exertion levels of static isometric dorsiflexion and 2) load-varying isometric dorsiflexion while tracking a target quasi-sinusoidal curve of three different amplitudes. Generally speaking, for both static and load-varying isometric contractions, the mean frequency of MMG-EMG cross spectra (MMG-EMG MF) progressively increased with effort level, whereas the median frequency of EMG auto spectra among higher effort levels remained unchanged. The MMG-EMG MF versus EMG root mean square regression slope was significantly larger for load-varying isometric contraction than for static contraction control measurements. These findings highlight effort-dependent and task-specific rate coding for force regulation of the tibialis anterior.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701, Taiwan.
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Hwang IS, Huang CC, Sul JH, Huang CT, Wang CH, Young MS. The effects of weight load and joint immobilization on reorganization of postural tremor. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 46:67-77. [PMID: 16795996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate change in coordinative strategies due to wrist immobilization and index loading, postural tremors from the index, hand, and forearm were recorded during different postural holding tasks. The wrist joint was immobilized with a thermoplastic splint in the constrained condition, and a copper mass of 100 grams was applied to the index finger in the loaded condition. The structures of the postural tremors of all upper limb segments among the unloaded-unconstrained, unloaded-constrained, loaded-unconstrained, and loaded-constrained conditions were compared. Index loading exaggerated index/forearm postural tremor, while the load-induced tremor enhancement was no longer evident for wrist immobilization. In the unloaded condition, wrist immobilization resulted specifically in enhancement of carpal postural tremor, rather than in the index and forearm. Index loading induced a marked tremor peak and relative power in the range of 5-8 Hz. Wrist immobilization potentiated the carpal tremor peak of 1-4 Hz in association with enhancement of carpal-forearm mechanical coupling. In light of structural changes in postural tremor, our data suggest that (1) a wrist splint is effective to counteract load-induced enhancement of postural tremor, and (2) freezing of the wrist joint might facilitate compensatory strategies to minimize passive fluctuation transmission from the carpal to index.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medecine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Ko JH, Lee SH, Kim JR, Kim YJ, Hwang IS, Lee TH, Kim CW. Monitoring of pH inhibition on microbial activity in a continuous flow reactor by pseudo toxic concentration (C(PT)) concept and time delay model. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:367-73. [PMID: 16722088 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo toxic concentration (C(PT)) concept was introduced as a quantification method to describe pH as an inhibitor concentration. In this research, the applicability of the C(PT) concept model for the detection of pH inhibitions was expanded for a continuous flow activated sludge reactor. A pilot equipped with an inhibition detection system was installed. Inhibitory wastewater was injected for 1 h and the relative activity was calculated by the maximum respiration rate. At the same time, the coefficients for the C(PT) concept model were estimated. At the dynamic conditions, the estimated relative activity by the C(PT) concept model showed time lag compared to the measured one. However, the time lag problem was successfully resolved by introducing a transfer function into the C(PT) concept model. The C(PT) concept model combined with a transfer function (C(PT) + TF model) successfully tracked the variation of the relative activity under dynamic conditions. The C(PT) + TF model could detect 50% inhibition faster than the respirometry based method by approximately 10 min. Moreover, it had additional advantages such as being inexpensive, easy to install and simple to operate. In conclusion, the C(PT) + TF model was an effective and convenient detection method of pH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ko
- Research and Engineering Division, Posco Engineering and Construction, 445-810, Korea
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Poo KM, Im JH, Jun BH, Kim JR, Hwang IS, Choi KS, Kim CW. Full-cyclic control strategy of SBR for nitrogen removal in strong wastewater using common sensors. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:151-60. [PMID: 16722065 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A full-cyclic automatic control strategy for sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was proposed using only common sensors such as ORP, DO and pH. The main objective was to develop a generally applicable and robust control strategy. To accomplish this, various control schemes found in the literature or suggested by authors were examined at diverse ammonia loads and SCOD/NH4(+)-N ratios. Advantages and constraints of each scheme were discussed and compared. Ammonia load was estimated with DO lag time during the aerobic stage, and then the influent pump was manipulated to meet the desired load at the next anoxic stage. A partial denitrification scheme was chosen for the anoxic stage period control, to save anoxic time and external carbon. For external carbon dosage control, intermittent feeding at each anoxic stage was concluded to be a suitable scheme. The anoxic stage period could be successfully controlled by the combination of pH increase and DO increase. Every suggested control scheme was incorporated into a full-cyclic control strategy and tested at 0.02, 0.035, 0.08 kg NH4(+)-N/m3/sub-cycle. From the results, it is expected to perform unmanned automatic SBR operation with this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Poo
- Water Environment and Remediation Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolkokdong, Seongbukku, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Lee TH, Byun IG, Kim YO, Hwang IS, Park TJ. Monitoring biodegradation of diesel fuel in bioventing processes using in situ respiration rate. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:263-72. [PMID: 16722077 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An in situ measuring system of respiration rate was applied for monitoring biodegradation of diesel fuel in a bioventing process for bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil. Two laboratory-scale soil columns were packed with 5 kg of soil that was artificially contaminated by diesel fuel as final TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) concentration of 8,000 mg/kg soil. Nutrient was added to make a relative concentration of C:N:P = 100:10:1. One soil column was operated with continuous venting mode, and the other one with intermittent (6 h venting/6 h rest) venting mode. On-line O2 and CO2 gas measuring system was applied to measure O2 utilisation and CO2 production during biodegradation of diesel for 5 months. Biodegradation rate of TPH was calculated from respiration rate measured by the on-line gas measuring system. There were no apparent differences between calculated biodegradation rates from two columns with different venting modes. The variation of biodegradation rates corresponded well with trend of the remaining TPH concentrations comparing other biodegradation indicators, such as C17/pristane and C18/phytane ratio, dehydrogenase activity, and the ratio of hydrocarbon utilising bacteria to total heterotrophic bacteria. These results suggested that the on-line measuring system of respiration rate would be applied to monitoring biodegradation rate and to determine the potential applicability of bioventing process for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea
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Hwang IS, Min KS, Choi E, Yu Z. Resource recovery and nitrogen removal from piggery waste using the combined anaerobic processes. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:229-36. [PMID: 17163032 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The combined ADEPT (Anaerobic Digestion Elutriated Phased Treatment)- SHARON (Single reactor system High Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite)--ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) processes were operated for the purpose of resource recovery and nitrogen removal from slurry-type piggery waste. The ADEPT operated at acidogenic loading rates of 3.95 gSCOD/L-day, the SCOD elutriation rate and acid production rate were 5.3 gSCOD/L-day and 3.3 gVFAs(as COD)/L-day, respectively. VS reduction and SCOD reduction by hydrolysis were 13% and 0.19 gSCOD(prod.)/gVS(feeding), respectively. Also, the acid production rate was 0.80 gVFAs/gSCOD(production). In the methanogenic reactor, the gas production rate and methane content were 2.8 L/day (0.3 m3CH4/kgCOD(removal)STP) and 77%, respectively. With these operating condition, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were 94.1% as NH4-N (86.5% as TKN) and 87.3% as T-P, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Office of Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant in Sangju 742-952, 464-5 Bunhwang-ri, Nakdong-myun, Kyungpook, Korea.
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Hwang IS, Min KS, Choi E, Yun Z. Nitrogen removal from piggery waste using the combined SHARON and ANAMMOX process. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:487-94. [PMID: 16459825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal in piggery waste was investigated with the combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process. The piggery waste was characterized as strong nitrogenous wastewater with very low C/N ratio. For the preceding SHARON reactor, ammonium nitrogen loading and conversion rates were 0.97 kg NH4-N/m3 reactor/day and 0.73 kg NH4-N/m3 reactor/day, respectively. Alkalinity consumption for ammonium conversion was 8.5 gr bicarbonate utilized per gram ammonium nitrogen converted to NO2-N or NO3-N at steady-states operation. The successive ANAMMOX reactor was fed with the effluent from SHARON reactor. Nitrogen loading and conversion rates were 1.36 kg soluble N/m3 reactor/day and 0.72 kg soluble N/m3 reactor/day, respectively. The average NO2-N/NH4-N removal ratio by ANAMMOX reaction was 2.13. It has been observed that Candidatus "Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" were dominated in the ANAMMOX reactor based on FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangyek 3(Sam)-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Korea.
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Hwang IS, Cho CY. Muscle control associated with isometric contraction in different joint positions. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 44:463-71. [PMID: 15646003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dependence of the surface EMG and varied internal effort due to different joint positions, and its muscle control strategies. Ten healthy subjects performed a fixed level (40% MVC measured in the neutral position) of isometric dorsiflexion and plantarflexion contraction in the ankle neutral, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion positions. Quantitative EMG analyses with feature extraction in the time, frequency domain, as well as time-varying spectrum were employed to estimate recruitment pattern, code rating, and recruitment stationarity of activated motor units. Both RMS and median frequency of the tibial anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GS) were strongly dependent on foot position (p < .001). Dominant firing rate of the TA muscle during the effort related isometric contraction was significant different with respect to ankle position (p < .05). Irrespective of ankle position, the regression slope of median frequency across time was not different from zero for both TA and GS muscles (p > .05). Identical torque exertion in different ankle positions called for considerable changes of control strategies of motor units. Possible mechanisms could be augmented excitatory central afferents and release of inhibition from Golgi tendon organs in compensation for biomechanical disadvantage in shorter muscle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Ahn YH, Hwang IS, Min KS. ANAMMOX and partial denitritation in anaerobic nitrogen removal from piggery waste. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:145-153. [PMID: 15137418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium removal from a piggery waste with high strength (56 g COD/L and 5 g T-N/L) was investigated using a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor at a mesophilic condition. Based on the nitrogen and carbon balance in the process, the contribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms was also evaluated in terms of the influent NO2-N/NH4-N ratio (1:0.8 and 1:1.2 for Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively). The result of this research demonstrates that the anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste, using the UASB reactor, can be performed successfully. Furthermore, it appears that by using granular sludge as the seed biomass, the ANAMMOX reaction can start more quickly. Average nitrogen conversion was 0.59 kg T-N/m3 reactor-day (0.06 kg T-N/kg VSS/day) and 0.66 kg T-N/m3 reactor-day (0.08 kg T-N/kg VSS/day) for Phase 1 and Phase 2. The NO2-N/NH4-N removal ratio by the ANAMMOX was 1.48 and 1.79 for Phase 1 and Phase 2. The higher nitrite contents (about 50%) in the substrate resulted in higher nitrite nitrogen removal by the partial denitritation, as well as the ANAMMOX reaction, implying higher potential of partial denitritation. However, the result reveals that the ANAMMOX reaction was influenced less by the degree of partial denitritation, and the ANAMMOX bacteria did not compete with denitritation bacteria. The colour of the biomass at the bottom of the reactor changed from dark gray to dark red, which was accompanied by an increase in cytochrome content. At the end of the experiment, red-coloured granular sludge with diameter of 1-2 mm at the lower part of the reactor was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Ahn
- School of Civil, Urban and Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Kyungsan, 712-749, Korea.
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Hwang IS, Tsai IY. Inter-trial variation of soleus H reflex in humans: implication for supraspinal influence. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 42:507-12. [PMID: 12489352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Inter-trial variation in soleus H reflex amplitude for different effort modes, elicited at different test-stimulus intensities, was studied in fifteen healthy subjects. Regardless of test-stimulus intensity, weak isometric plantarflexion and dorsiflexion at 20% of maximum voluntary contraction caused significant potentiation and depression of the H reflex amplitude. In addition, both facilitation and inhibition of the soleus H reflex was associated with considerable inter-trial variability of the H reflex amplitude that varied proportionally with test-stimulus intensity. As inter-variability of the H reflex was independent of that of M response, the results indicate that: 1) supra-spinal input influences loop-gain fluctuations of the monosynaptic-reflex arc; and 2) smaller test stimuli may be more efficacious for exploration of motoneuronal excitability because of reduction in variability in H reflex amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Abstract
As variations in the amplitude of H reflex potentials can be influenced by changes in muscle length, motoneuronal excitability in terms of H reflex during free movement has long been argued. With the maximal M response controlled, the present study compared several H reflex parameters in order to assess motoneuronal excitability of the resting soleus for different ankle angles (plantarflexion 20 degrees, neutral, and dorsiflexion 20 degrees ). All H-related parameters were dependent on joint angle, suggesting that soleus motoneuronal excitability in the dorsiflexed position was significantly suppressed. By contrast, soleus motoneuronal excitability in the plantarflexed position was not effectively modulated since H-related parameters did not differ from their neutral-position analogs. Methodologically, assessment of joint angle-dependent modulation of motoneuronal excitability requires meticulous control of M responses and selection of appropriate parameters that are insensitive to possible physical modulation and spatial shift of the M recruitment curve confounded by geometrical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Park CK, Hwang IS, Cheong HT, Yang BK, Kim CI. Effect of a fertilization-promoting peptide on the fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity in vitro of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the pig. Anim Reprod Sci 2002; 72:83-94. [PMID: 12106968 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study has evaluated the effect of fertilization-promoting peptide (FPP) on the fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity in vitro of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Use of chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence analysis, as well as various glycosidase analyses and the oocyte penetration test showed that FPP can promote the fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in vitro. There were significantly (P < 0.05) more acrosome-reacted and penetrated in medium with 100 nM FPP than with 0, 50, 200 or 400 nM. The beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-GlcNAcase) activity was at least two-fold higher than other glycosidase regardless of FPP concentrations. In the same glycosidase, there were no differences in medium with different concentrations of FPP. The percentages of spermatozoa that reached acrosome reaction were affected by different periods (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 h) of spermatozoa preincubation and were higher in medium with than without FPP. Penetration rates were decreased with preincubation periods of spermatozoa when oocytes were inseminated with spermatozoa preincubated in medium with and without FPP for the different periods. These rates were higher in spermatozoa preincubated with that than without FPP and had a tendency to increase as time of culture periods when the sperm-oocyte were cultured for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h. The activities of alpha-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-GlcNAcase were higher in medium with that than without FPP regardless of periods of sperm preincubation and sperm-oocyte culture. These results suggest that FPP may have a positive role in promoting sperm function and glycosidase activity in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Park
- College of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.
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Abstract
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disease producing vascular thrombus with antiphospholipid antibody without association with autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus. Retinal vein occlusion is a rare vascular manifestation in primary APS. We describe 2 cases of primary APS presenting with developing blurred vision. Each had central retinal vein occlusion and high titer of IgG anticardiolipin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Hwang IS, Abraham LD. Quantitative EMG analysis to investigate synergistic coactivation of ankle and knee muscles during isokinetic ankle movement. Part 2: time frequency analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2001; 11:327-35. [PMID: 11595552 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-6411(01)00013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to intralimb coordination in the lower extremity, ankle-knee synergy induced by motor irradiation has long been employed to secure facilitation of paralyzed muscles. This study, a companion research subsequent to the time amplitude analysis of surface electromyography in part 1, was to investigate the recruitment strategy of irradiated muscles and prime movers during ankle isokinetic contraction at different contraction speeds (30, 60, 120 and 240 degrees/s) with time frequency analysis. The results indicated the recruitment strategies of the major irradiated muscles (ipsilateral rectus femoris/ipsilateral biceps femoris) and prime movers (anterior tibialis/gastrocnemius) were time-dependent and significantly different in terms of the instantaneous median frequency. In general, the prime movers for ankle isokinetic concentric contraction demonstrated a similar recruitment strategy, irrespective of different contraction speeds. This finding is consistent with the idea of generalized motor programs that speed is one of the constraint parameters supplied to motor programs. Nevertheless, the recruitment strategies of the irradiated muscles were highly inconsistent, varying across trials at different contraction speeds, and were not relevant to those of the prime movers. In addition, the recruitment in the irradiated muscles seemly limited to motor units of low threshold, in spite of maximal voluntary contraction of the prime movers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Taiwan, Tainan, China.
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Hwang IS, Abraham LD. Quantitative EMG analysis to investigate synergistic coactivation of ankle and knee muscles during isokinetic ankle movement. Part 1: time amplitude analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2001; 11:319-25. [PMID: 11595551 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-6411(01)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy generally refers to the coordinated action of several motor elements to produce a specific motor task, either intentionally or automatically. One example is motor irradiation, a sudden spread of synergistic muscular coactivation resulting from a forceful single joint movement. To investigate this type of synergy pattern, a quantitative EMG approach was employed to characterize explicit neuromuscular synergy in the ankle-knee complex during maximal ankle isokinetic contraction. In the present study, isokinetic ankle contractions, both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, at four different speeds (30, 60, 120, and 240 degrees/s) were studied in a normal adult population (N=11) to assess synergistic coactivation of the prime movers (tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) and irradiated muscles (ipsilateral and contralateral rectus femoris and biceps femoris) of the ankle-knee complex. Electromyographic signals were collected with surface EMG electrodes and processed with traditional time-amplitude analysis to examine specific neural control strategies. The data generally supported several empirical assumptions common to neurological facilitation techniques. (1) Motor irradiation to the knee muscles due to ankle muscle isokinetic contraction was strongly directionally dependent. (2) Motor irradiation to the ipsilateral knee muscles due to ankle isokinetic contraction was speed dependent. (3) The prime movers demonstrated a similar control strategy, irrespective of different contraction speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, 701, ROC, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hwang IS, Park SJ, Roh T, Choi M, Kim HJ. Investigation of sulfhydryl groups in cabbage phospholipase D by combination of derivatization methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:110-115. [PMID: 11180538 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0231(20010130)15:2<110::aid-rcm200>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
All eight cysteine residues in 92 kDa cabbage phospholipase D (PLD), deduced from the cDNA sequence, were shown to have free sulfhydryl groups by analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) of tryptic peptides of PLD derivatized with p-chloromercurybenzoate, iodoacetic acid, and N-ethylmaleimide, as well as of underivatized PLD. Assignment of sulfhydryl groups by any one method was not conclusive. However, complementary information derived from tryptic peptides derivatized with different reagents made full assignment of sulfhydryl groups possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a possible ankle-knee synergy, experiments with normal subjects were performed to compare changes of the quadriceps motor pool excitability due to ankle position and effort. METHODS Vastus medialis H reflex amplitude was examined during ankle isometric contractions conditioned by different ankle positions (dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarfiexion) with or without voluntary effort (either in the dorsiflexion or plantarflexion direction). Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed on the mean and standard deviation of the H peak-to-peak amplitude. RESULTS Mean vastus medialis H reflex amplitudes were significantly different among the trials of different ankle efforts (P<0.05), and significantly increased during plantarfiexion efforts. In contrast, mean vastus medialis H reflex amplitude did not vary with respect to changes of ankle position (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that (1) the position of the ankle joint did not significantly modify the excitability of the neuromotor pool of the VM muscle, in either static or active cases, and (2) the effort effect from the ankle joint on the VM neuromotor pool is most significant during ankle plantarfiexion effort. Possible mechanisms are central motor irradiation and peripheral force-dependent pathways from the ankle joint that influence the VM neuromotor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ho MS, Hwang IS, Tsong TT. Direct observation of electromigration of Si magic clusters on Si(111) surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:5792-5795. [PMID: 10991056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we have observed electromigration of Si on Si(111)-(7x7) surfaces and have identified the diffusion species to be Si magic clusters. Effects of the directed motion along the direction of the heating current in electromigration and those in thermal migration are determined separately and quantitatively. We also observe the preferential filling of two-dimensional (2D) Si craters and the preferential detachment of Si magic clusters from the edges of 2D Si islands near the cathode side. The driving force for this anisotropic behavior is much stronger than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ho
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) was detected in all tissues examined with the highest concentrations in adrenal gland, lung and cardiac atrium. High concentrations of pre-proadrenomedullin mRNA were also detected in the lung, cardiac atrium, adrenal gland, thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery for the first time by solution-hybridization-RNase protection assay. The molecular forms of rat AM in various tissues and plasma were also characterized by Biogel P(30)gel filtration chromatography. We found no significant difference in immunoreactive AM levels between the veins draining the kidney, the lung and the adrenal and the systemic arterial blood. The very low peptide/mRNA ratio and the AM/precursor ratio in the mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta suggest that blood vessels may be the main source of plasma AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
The highest immunoreactive adrenomedullin (AM) concentrations were found in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and brainstem. Rat preproadrenomedullin mRNA levels were highest in the pituitary, followed by the hypothalamus. The peptide to mRNA ratios are higher in the neurointermediate lobe, brainstem and hypothalamus. Immunocytochemical study showed discrete localization of AM immunostaining in various brain regions including the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and brainstem and in the pituitary gland. By gel filtration chromatography, the precursor peaks were low in the pituitary, hypothalamus and brainstem but high in other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Lee CD, Son JS, Leem JY, Noh SK, Lee KS, Lee C, Hwang IS, Park HY. Direct observation of above-barrier quasibound states in InxGa1-xAs/AlAs/GaAs quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:1541-1544. [PMID: 9985993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hwang IS, Martinez RE, Liu C, Golovchenko JA. Soft incommensurate reconstruction on Pb/Si(111): Structure, stress modulation, and phase transition. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:10193-10196. [PMID: 9977702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hwang IS, Golovchenko JA. Phase transition of monolayer Pb/Ge(111): beta - sqrt 3 x sqrt 3 R30 degrees 1 x 1 at ~180 degreesC. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:18535-18542. [PMID: 9976289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.18535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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