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Sharma G, Sharma A, Kim I, Cha DG, Kim S, Park ES, Noh JG, Lee J, Ku JH, Choi YH, Kong J, Lee H, Ko H, Lee J, Notaro A, Hong SH, Rhee JH, Kim SG, De Castro C, Molinaro A, Shin K, Kim S, Kim JK, Rudra D, Im SH. A dietary commensal microbe enhances antitumor immunity by activating tumor macrophages to sequester iron. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:790-801. [PMID: 38664585 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune cells generate a multifaceted antitumor immune response, including the conservation of essential nutrients such as iron. These cells can be modulated by commensal bacteria; however, identifying and understanding how this occurs is a challenge. Here we show that the food commensal Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMB19 augments antitumor immunity in syngeneic and xenograft mouse tumor models. Its capsular heteropolysaccharide is the major effector molecule, functioning as a ligand for TLR2. In a two-pronged manner, it skews tumor-associated macrophages to a classically active phenotype, leading to generation of a sustained CD8+ T cell response, and triggers macrophage 'nutritional immunity' to deploy the high-affinity iron transporter lipocalin-2 for capturing and sequestering iron in the tumor microenvironment. This process induces a cycle of tumor cell death, epitope expansion and subsequent tumor clearance. Together these data indicate that food commensals might be identified and developed into 'oncobiotics' for a multi-layered approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Innovation Research Center for Bio-future Technology (B-IRC), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gon Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyun Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhun Lee
- ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Notaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Kunyoo Shin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Kim D, Kong J, Ha D, Kim I, Park M, Lee K, Im SH, Kim S. Cell-cell communication network-based interpretable machine learning predicts cancer patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj0785. [PMID: 38295179 PMCID: PMC10830106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only some patients respond to ICIs, and current biomarkers for ICI efficacy have limited performance. Here, we devised an interpretable machine learning (ML) model trained using patient-specific cell-cell communication networks (CCNs) decoded from the patient's bulk tumor transcriptome. The model could (i) predict ICI efficacy for patients across four cancer types (median AUROC: 0.79) and (ii) identify key communication pathways with crucial players responsible for patient response or resistance to ICIs by analyzing more than 700 ICI-treated patient samples from 11 cohorts. The model prioritized chemotaxis communication of immune-related cells and growth factor communication of structural cells as the key biological processes underlying response and resistance to ICIs, respectively. We confirmed the key communication pathways and players at the single-cell level in patients with melanoma. Our network-based ML approach can be used to expand ICIs' clinical benefits in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Doyeon Ha
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang 166-20, Korea
| | - Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang 166-20, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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3
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:041001. [PMID: 38335333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1-100)-keV low-energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019 using a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München 85748, Germany
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Rager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Goett J, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, López-Castaño JM, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Meijer W, Oli TK, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Rouyer A, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Schleich SJ, Smith-Gandy TA, Tedeschi D, Thompson JD, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Watkins SL, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Alves DSM, Hebenstiel L, Ramani H. Constraints on the Decay of ^{180m}Ta. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:152501. [PMID: 37897780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the Majorana Demonstrator, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{76}Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of ^{180m}Ta. More than 17 kg, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search, was installed within the ultralow-background detector array. In this Letter, we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the ^{180m}Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5×10^{19} yr, we improved existing limits by 1-2 orders of magnitude which are the most sensitive searches for a single β and electron capture decay ever achieved. Over all channels, the decay can be excluded for T_{1/2}<0.29×10^{18} yr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D S M Alves
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Hebenstiel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Ramani
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Park M, Kim D, Kim I, Im SH, Kim S. Drug approval prediction based on the discrepancy in gene perturbation effects between cells and humans. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104705. [PMID: 37453362 PMCID: PMC10366401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor translation between in vitro and clinical studies due to the cells/humans discrepancy in drug target perturbation effects leads to safety failures in clinical trials, thus increasing drug development costs and reducing patients' life quality. Therefore, developing a predictive model for drug approval considering the cells/humans discrepancy is needed to reduce drug attrition rates in clinical trials. METHODS Our machine learning framework predicts drug approval in clinical trials based on the cells/humans discrepancy in drug target perturbation effects. To evaluate the discrepancy to predict drug approval (1404 approved and 1070 unapproved drugs), we analysed CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and loss-of-function mutation rate-based gene perturbation effects on cells and humans, respectively. To validate the risk of drug targets with the cells/humans discrepancy, we examined the targets of failed and withdrawn drugs due to safety problems. FINDINGS Drug approvals in clinical trials were correlated with the cells/humans discrepancy in gene perturbation effects. Genes tolerant to perturbation effects on cells but intolerant to those on humans were associated with failed drug targets. Furthermore, genes with the cells/humans discrepancy were related to drugs withdrawn due to severe side effects. Motivated by previous studies assessing drug safety through chemical properties, we improved drug approval prediction by integrating chemical information with the cells/humans discrepancy. INTERPRETATION The cells/humans discrepancy in gene perturbation effects facilitates drug approval prediction and explains drug safety failures in clinical trials. FUNDING S.K. received grants from the Korean National Research Foundation (2021R1A2B5B01001903 and 2020R1A6A1A03047902) and IITP (2019-0-01906, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program, POSTECH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Erratum: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 080401 (2022)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:239902. [PMID: 37354428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.239902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401.
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7
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Kong J, Kim J, Kim D, Lee K, Lee J, Han SK, Kim I, Lim S, Park M, Shin S, Lee WY, Yun SH, Kim HC, Hong HK, Cho YB, Park D, Kim S. Information about immune cell proportions and tumor stage improves the prediction of recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100736. [PMID: 37409049 PMCID: PMC10318368 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicting cancer recurrence is essential to improving the clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although tumor stage information has been used as a guideline to predict CRC recurrence, patients with the same stage show different clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method to identify additional features for CRC recurrence prediction. Here, we developed a network-integrated multiomics (NIMO) approach to select appropriate transcriptome signatures for better CRC recurrence prediction by comparing the methylation signatures of immune cells. We validated the performance of the CRC recurrence prediction based on two independent retrospective cohorts of 114 and 110 patients. Moreover, to confirm that the prediction was improved, we used both NIMO-based immune cell proportions and TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage data. This work demonstrates the importance of (1) using both immune cell composition and TNM stage data and (2) identifying robust immune cell marker genes to improve CRC recurrence prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Future Innovation Research Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Juhun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seongsu Lim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Hong
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | | | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Lee G, Park S, Lee S, Song K, Kim Y, Chang W, Kim J, Park N, Kim J, Park S, Hwang I, Kim H, Kim I. Bioimpedance Analysis as a Screening Tool in Heart-Transplanted Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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9
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Kim D, Youn J, Kim J, Kim I, Choi J, Kransdorf E, Chang D, Kittleson M, Patel J, Cole R, Moriguchi J, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. Clinical Outcomes of Heart Transplantation in Desensitized Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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10
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Kim I, Youn J, Chang D, Nishihara K, Kransdorf E, Kittleson M, Patel J, Cole R, Nikolova A, Esmailian F, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. The Validation of Cardiac Rehabilitation after Heart Transplantation from Anonymized Patient-Reported Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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11
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Kim E, Lee S, Jang D, Kyoung Y, Kim J, Kim I, Kim J, Youn J. Proteomic Discovery of Molecular Pathways in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Myocarditis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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12
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Barton PJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:062501. [PMID: 36827565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to ∼88% in ^{76}Ge). From these measurements, the Demonstrator has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV Q_{ββ} (0.12%), we set a half-life limit of 0νββ in ^{76}Ge at T_{1/2}>8.3×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on m_{ββ} of (113-269) meV (90% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - P J Barton
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München, 85748 Germany
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Kim D, Ha D, Lee K, Lee H, Kim I, Kim S. An evolution-based machine learning to identify cancer type-specific driver mutations. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6961611. [PMID: 36575568 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying cancer type-specific driver mutations is crucial for illuminating distinct pathologic mechanisms across various tumors and providing opportunities of patient-specific treatment. However, although many computational methods were developed to predict driver mutations in a type-specific manner, the methods still have room to improve. Here, we devise a novel feature based on sequence co-evolution analysis to identify cancer type-specific driver mutations and construct a machine learning (ML) model with state-of-the-art performance. Specifically, relying on 28 000 tumor samples across 66 cancer types, our ML framework outperformed current leading methods of detecting cancer driver mutations. Interestingly, the cancer mutations identified by sequence co-evolution feature are frequently observed in interfaces mediating tissue-specific protein-protein interactions that are known to associate with shaping tissue-specific oncogenesis. Moreover, we provide pre-calculated potential oncogenicity on available human proteins with prediction scores of all possible residue alterations through user-friendly website (http://sbi.postech.ac.kr/w/cancerCE). This work will facilitate the identification of cancer type-specific driver mutations in newly sequenced tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences.,Artificial Intelligence Graduate Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.,Institute of Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-149, South Korea
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Moon Y, Lee S, Lee J, Kim S, Kim I, Joo W, Jung S, Choi M, Park H, Lee C, Chung YG, Kim K, Park Y, Seong R. OD2-4 Efficient and noninvasive T cell therapy platform using autologous peripheral blood PD-1+CD8+ T cells instead of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumors: Ex vivo efficacy. ESMO Open 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Muhizi S, Kim I. Microbial agent spraying in pig housing and slurry can potentially
reduce harmful gas emissions – a preliminary study. J Anim Feed Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/154037/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Boshra M, Lee A, Kim I, Malek-Adamian E, Yau M, LaDonna KA. When patients teach students empathy: a systematic review of interventions for promoting medical student empathy. Can Med Educ J 2022; 13:46-56. [PMID: 36440084 PMCID: PMC9684039 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.73058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing emphasis on empathic care, numerous studies demonstrate diminishing empathy in medical students. Involving patient educators in medical curricula may be a solution. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate patient-involved interventions that promote empathy among medical students. METHOD A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases was performed using the keywords "empathy," "medical student," and their synonyms. Results were independently screened in duplicate. Conflicts were resolved by group consensus. All English studies describing interventions that promote empathy in medical students engaging patient educators were included. Relevant data was extracted and summarized. RESULTS 1467 studies were screened. 14 studies were included, of which 10 were pilot studies. Studies included patient involved interventions such as storytelling (5/14), shadowing patients (3/14), recorded videos (3/14), or combinations of methods (3/14). Qualitative measurements of empathy included written feedback and group discussions. Quantitative measurements included validated scales measuring empathy. All studies demonstrated increase in empathy among medical students. Participants reported satisfaction with training and patients reported being proud of giving back by training future physicians. CONCLUSION Interventions engaging patient educators were shown to have a positive impact on medical student empathy. Furthermore, patient-led education was shown to increase medical student understanding of subject and knowledge retention while empowering patients. Further implementation of patient-involved education is an important step forward in patient-partnered care and may identify additional advantages of patient engagement in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boshra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - I Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - M Yau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - KA LaDonna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kim D, Noh MH, Park M, Kim I, Ahn H, Ye DY, Jung GY, Kim S. Enzyme activity engineering based on sequence co-evolution analysis. Metab Eng 2022; 74:49-60. [PMID: 36113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The utility of engineering enzyme activity is expanding with the development of biotechnology. Conventional methods have limited applicability as they require high-throughput screening or three-dimensional structures to direct target residues of activity control. An alternative method uses sequence evolution of natural selection. A repertoire of mutations was selected for fine-tuning enzyme activities to adapt to varying environments during the evolution. Here, we devised a strategy called sequence co-evolutionary analysis to control the efficiency of enzyme reactions (SCANEER), which scans the evolution of protein sequences and direct mutation strategy to improve enzyme activity. We hypothesized that amino acid pairs for various enzyme activity were encoded in the evolutionary history of protein sequences, whereas loss-of-function mutations were avoided since those are depleted during the evolution. SCANEER successfully predicted the enzyme activities of beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. SCANEER was further experimentally validated to control the activities of three different enzymes of great interest in chemical production: cis-aconitate decarboxylase, α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and inositol oxygenase. Activity-enhancing mutations that improve substrate-binding affinity or turnover rate were found at sites distal from known active sites or ligand-binding pockets. We provide SCANEER to control desired enzyme activity through a user-friendly webserver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ahn
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; Institute of Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; Institute of Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
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Ajani J, Sharpe D, De T, Kim I, Gricar J, Kurt M. 1218P Long-term survivorship rates among chemotherapy refractory or intolerant advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (aESCC) patients treated with nivolumab (NIVO). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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19
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Yoo C, Kim KP, Kim I, Kang M, Cheon J, Kang B, Ryu H, Jeong J, Lee J, Kim K, Ryoo BY, Abou-Alfa G. 55P Final results from the NIFTY trial, a phase IIb, randomized, open-label study of liposomal Irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) in patients (pts) with previously treated metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:080401. [PMID: 36053678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19-100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, λ, providing a factor of 40-100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Diòsi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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21
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Search for Solar Axions via Axion-Photon Coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:081803. [PMID: 36053699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between January, 2017 and November, 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as g_{aγ}<1.45×10^{-9} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) for axions with mass up to 100 eV/c^{2}. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1 eV/c^{2} and 100 eV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Klosowicz A, Crouch J, Zhan Q, Kim I, Gehad A, Teague J, Kupper T, Clark R. 085 Senescent dendritic cells drive ROS-induced DNA damage in CTCL. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Wahid S, Lee B, Kim I. Effect of purified docosahexaenoic acid supplementation
on production performance, meat quality,
and intestinal microbiome of finishing pigs. J Anim Feed Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/150033/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharma G, Sharma A, Kim I, Lee S, Lee HN, Park C, Im SH. Abstract 3525: Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 enhances anti-tumor immune response by modulating multi-layered innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intestinal commensals are being increasingly appreciated for their role in modulating the therapeutic efficacy of cancer therapies. Human-associated bacterial strains with demonstrable modulation of anti-tumor immune responses have great potential to be developed as biotherapeutics.We developed the AVATIOME࣪ model, a screening prototype based on murine primary immune cells, rationally targeting the innate and adaptive immune system to identify immuno-stimulating commensals.Our lead Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 (Lp IMB19), suppresses tumor progression in pre-clinical models of melanoma, renal cancer, and NSCLC. LpIMB19 efficiently potentiates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 in murine tumor models. A capsular component of LpIMB19, structurally defined as rhamnose-rich hetero-polysaccharide (RHP) recapitulates the anti-tumor efficacy of live bacteria.The TLR2 agonist specifically targets macrophages towards an inflammatory phenotype followed by an increase in the activity of CD8+ IFNy+ T-cells. LpIMB19 and RHP enhance iron sequestration by activated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment through a defined mechanism. Thus, depriving tumor cells of iron and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. Translational investigations revealed the efficacy of LpIMB19 in urinary bladder xenograft studies.LpIMB19 mediated iron sequestration by inflammatory tumor macrophages, a byproduct of innate immune activation along with systemic CD8+ T-cells activation leads to enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. Our data on human cancers suggests the applicability of LpIMB19 as a potential onco-microbiotic. Currently, LpIMB19 is being progressed for clinical investigation as a live bio-therapeutic product (LBP) in combination with immune check-point inhibitors.
Citation Format: Garima Sharma, Amit Sharma, Inhae Kim, SooWoong Lee, Hae-Na Lee, ChangWook Park, Sin-Hyeog Im. Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 enhances anti-tumor immune response by modulating multi-layered innate and adaptive immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3525.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inhae Kim
- 1ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, Republic of Korea
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25
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Barinov VV, Cleveland BT, Danshin SN, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Frekers D, Gavrin VN, Gorbachev VV, Gorbunov DS, Haxton WC, Ibragimova TV, Kim I, Kozlova YP, Kravchuk LV, Kuzminov VV, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Malyshkin YM, Massarczyk R, Matveev VA, Mirmov IN, Nico JS, Petelin AL, Robertson RGH, Sinclair D, Shikhin AA, Tarasov VA, Trubnikov GV, Veretenkin EP, Wilkerson JF, Zvir AI. Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST). Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:232501. [PMID: 35749172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos ν_{e} observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between ν_{e} and sterile neutrino (ν_{s}) states. A 3.414-MCi ^{51}Cr ν_{e} source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of ^{71}Ge through the charged current reaction, ^{71}Ga(ν_{e},e^{-})^{71}Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are [54.9_{-2.4}^{+2.5}(stat)±1.4(syst)] and [55.6_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(stat)±1.4(syst)] atoms of ^{71}Ge/d. The ratio (R) of the measured rate of ^{71}Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are R_{in}=0.79±0.05 and R_{out}=0.77±0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97±0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%-24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. These results are consistent with ν_{e}→ν_{s} oscillations with a relatively large Δm^{2} (>0.5 eV^{2}) and mixing sin^{2}2θ (≈0.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Barinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | | | - S N Danshin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Frekers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - V N Gavrin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V V Gorbachev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D S Gorbunov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - W C Haxton
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T V Ibragimova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Yu P Kozlova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - L V Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V V Kuzminov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - B K Lubsandorzhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Yu M Malyshkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V A Matveev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - I N Mirmov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J S Nico
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A L Petelin
- JSC "State Scientific Center Research Institute of Atomic Reactors," Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Sinclair
- Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A A Shikhin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - V A Tarasov
- JSC "State Scientific Center Research Institute of Atomic Reactors," Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia
| | - G V Trubnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E P Veretenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A I Zvir
- JSC "State Scientific Center Research Institute of Atomic Reactors," Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia
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Im SH, Sharma G, Sharma A, Kim I, Lee SW, Lee HN, Park C, Rudra D. Mechanisms of anticancer activity of bacteria in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15047 Background: Numerous studies indicate that selective microbiota could enhance anti-tumor immunity with checkpoint inhibitors. However, it is arduous to identify the best candidate bacteria strains and understand their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: We have developed Avatiome platform technology, an innovative pre-clinical model system that mimics the human body's immune system and microbiome. Avatiome incorporates up-to-date technologies such as immunophenotyping, single-cell transcriptomics, and an Artificial Intelligence system to develop novel therapeutics targeting neuronal, systemic inflammatory diseases, and cancers. Results: We have identified Lp IMB19 as an LBP candidate that can enhance anti-cancer immunity through this technology. Lp IMB19 suppresses tumor progression in pre-clinical models of melanoma, renal cancer, and NSCLC. Lp IMB19 efficiently potentiates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 in murine tumor models by enhancing the effector function of CD8+ T cells via altering the phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating macrophages with inflammatory M1 type. We have identified rhamnose-rich heteropolysaccharides (RHP) as key effector molecules to induce M1 macrophage in a TLR2 dependent manner. Lp IMB19 also limits the amount of iron availability via Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) to capture trace iron from the microenvironment and switch to an iron sequestration phenotype, subsequently inhibiting tumor growth. No side effect or toxicity is observed in pre-clinical toxicity studies. Conclusions: We are currently developing Lp IMB19 as an onco-biotics for clinical investigation as a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
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Alagoz O, Ajani J, Srinivasan S, Kim I, Singh P, Xiao H, Kurt M. P-56 Estimating endpoint correlation between surrogate measures and overall survival using reconstructed survival data: Case studies from adjuvant and metastatic gastric cancer trials. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lee S, Dong-Won Y, Cheon J, Lee S, Cho H, Kim I. M231 Application trial of moving average as a tool of realtime quality control of clinical chemistry. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bertrand FE, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Drobizhev A, Edwards TR, Edwins DW, Edzards F, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Hegedus RJ, Henning R, Aguilar DH, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Myslik J, Oli TK, Othman G, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Saykı B, Schönert S, Stortini MJ, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Willers M, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. α -event characterization and rejection in point-contact HPGe detectors. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:226. [PMID: 35310515 PMCID: PMC8921096 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to α particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p + surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the Majorana Demonstrator experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ( 0 ν β β ) in 76 Ge. α decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of α identification, reliably identifying α background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface α events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the 0 ν β β region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the Majorana Demonstrator and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. J. Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - F. T. Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - A. S. Barabash
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C. J. Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | | | - E. Blalock
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - B. Bos
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - M. Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - M. Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Present Address: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. S. Caldwell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Y.-D. Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - P.-H. Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. L. Clark
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. Drobizhev
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. R. Edwards
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - D. W. Edwins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Edzards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA
| | - S. R. Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - T. Gilliss
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Present Address: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - G. K. Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA
| | - M. P. Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Gruszko
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - I. S. Guinn
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - C. R. Haufe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - R. J. Hegedus
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - R. Henning
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - D. Hervas Aguilar
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - E. W. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - A. Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - I. Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - R. T. Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - A. M. Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA
| | | | - E. L. Martin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. D. Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - R. Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. J. Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Myslik
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. K. Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - G. Othman
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA
| | - A. W. P. Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - D. C. Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - J. Rager
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Present Address: Applied Research Associated, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA
| | - A. L. Reine
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - N. W. Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - B. Saykı
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Schönert
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - M. J. Stortini
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - D. Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - R. L. Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - S. Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J. F. Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - M. Willers
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - W. Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - C.-H. Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - B. X. Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
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Abstract
Mouse models have been engineered to reveal the biological mechanisms of human diseases based on an assumption. The assumption is that orthologous genes underlie conserved phenotypes across species. However, genetically modified mouse orthologs of human genes do not often recapitulate human disease phenotypes which might be due to the molecular evolution of phenotypic differences across species from the time of the last common ancestor. Here, we systematically investigated the evolutionary divergence of regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and target genes in functional modules, and found that the rewiring of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) contributes to the phenotypic discrepancies that occur between humans and mice. We confirmed that the rewired regulatory networks of orthologous genes contain a higher proportion of species-specific regulatory elements. Additionally, we verified that the divergence of target gene expression levels, which was triggered by network rewiring, could lead to phenotypic differences. Taken together, a careful consideration of evolutionary divergence in regulatory networks could be a novel strategy to understand the failure or success of mouse models to mimic human diseases. To help interpret mouse phenotypes in human disease studies, we provide quantitative comparisons of gene expression profiles on our website (http://sbi.postech.ac.kr/w/RN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Ha
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | | | - Youngchul Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 54 279 2348; Fax: +82 54 279 2199;
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Cheon J, Yoo C, Hong J, Kim H, Lee DW, Lee M, Kim J, Kim I, Oh SB, Hwang JE, Chon H, Lim H. 955P Prognostic factor analysis of atezolizumab-bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Korean cancer study group (KCSG) study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Lim DH, Casadei-Gardini A, Lee M, Lonardi S, Kim J, Masi G, Chon H, Rimini M, Kim I, Cheon J, Hwang JE, Kang J, Lim H, Yoo C. 952P Prognostic implication of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with regorafenib. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hwang T, Yoon M, Kim M, Kim I, Yu H, Kim T, Uhm J, Kim J, Joung B, Lee M, Pak H. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of extra-pulmonary vein triggers in patients who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers play significant roles in atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after AF catheter ablation (AFCA).
Purpose
We explore the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of extra-PV triggers in de novo and repeat-AFCA procedure.
Methods
We included 2,151 patients who had de novo AFCA and 319 repeat AFCA (female 28.0%, 59.1 ± 10.8 years old, paroxysmal AF 65.1%) those underwent post-procedural isoproterenol (ISO) provocation tests. We analysed the clinical, electrophysiological, and procedure-related factors associated with extra-PV triggers.
Results
Extra-PV triggers were documented in 11.9% (1.19 ± 0.42 foci) after de novo-AFCA and 27.0% (1.37 ± 0.65 foci) after repeat-AFCA (p = 0.004). LA volume index (OR 1.02 [1.01-1.03], p = 0.004), history of vascular disease (OR 0.55[0.31-0.91], p = 0.028) and Lead I amplitude of electrocardiogram (OR <0.01 [<0.01-0.62], p = 0.032) were independently associated with the existence of extra-PV triggers in de-novo procedure. Women (OR 1.84 [1.03-3.25], p = 0.037) and LA appendage volume (OR 1.04 [1.01-1.07] p = 0.027) were independently associated with extra-PV triggers during the redo-mapping procedure. Septum (28.4%), coronary sinus (24.0%), and superior vena cava (19.6%) were common extra-PV foci, and septal foci were more commonly found in repeat mapping (38.4% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.025). Among 65 patients who showed extra-PV at the repeat procedures, 19 (29.2%) matched with previous focal or empirical extra-PV ablation sites and 9 (13.8%) were multiple or unmappable sites. AF recurrence rates were significantly higher in both patients with extra-PV triggers after de novo procedures (Log-rank P <0.001; HR 1.93 [1.58-2.36], p= <0.001) and repeat procedures (Log-rank P <0.001, HR 1.87 [1.29-2.70], p= <0.001).
Conclusion
ISO provoked extra-PV triggers commonly found in AF patients with significant remodelling and previous empirical or focal extra-PV ablations. Existence of extra-PV triggers were independently associated with poorer rhythm outcome after both de novo and repeat AFCA. Denovo AF ablation outcome OverallExtra-PV triggers (-)Extra-PV triggers (+)p-value(n = 2151)(n = 1895)(n = 256)Age, yrs58.98 ± 10.9558.73 ± 11.0360.76 ± 10.200.006Male, (%)1550 ( 72.1)1389 ( 73.3)161 ( 62.9)0.001Follow up duration, month50.30 (37.71)51.65 (37.95)40.71 (34.58)<0.001Early recurrence (%)579 ( 27.8)455 ( 24.9)124 ( 48.4)<0.001Clinical recurrence (%)699 ( 33.6)584 ( 32.0)115 ( 44.9)<0.001Abstract Figure. AF free survival according to Extra PVT
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hwang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Yoon
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - I Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Yu
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Uhm
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Pak
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kim E, Cho MR, Byun SH, A Lim J, Chae S, Choi WK, Kim I, Kim J. Sympathetic predominance before tourniquet deflation is associated with a reduction in arterial blood pressure after tourniquet deflation during total knee arthroplasty. Physiol Res 2021; 70:401-412. [PMID: 33982581 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High dependency of arterial blood pressure (ABP) on enhanced sympathetic activity, which maintains vascular tone, leads to hypotension after hemodynamic insults that blunt the sympathetic activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that sympathovagal balance before tourniquet deflation (TD) determines the extent of a reduction in ABP after TD during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fifty-four hypertensive female patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia were analyzed. The sympathovagal balance [low-to-high frequency ratio of heart rate variability (LF/HF)] before TD was defined as (LF/HF during 5 min before TD-preanesthetic LF/HF)/preanesthetic LF/HF (%). An increase in its value represents a shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance. The percent change in the mean ABP (MAP) after TD was defined as (minimum MAP during 10 min after TD-averaged MAP during 5 min before TD)/averaged MAP during 5 min before TD (%). Simple linear regression was performed to assess the correlation between the sympathovagal balance before TD and change in MAP after TD. The correlation was also assessed by multiple linear regression controlling for age, duration of tourniquet inflation, and spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. Thirty-two minutes (on average) after tourniquet inflation, the MAP was decreased by 12.1 (-3.0 to 47.9) % [mean (range)] upon TD (P<0.001). The sympathovagal balance before TD was negatively proportional to the change in MAP after TD in both simple and multiple linear regression models (R2=0.323 and 0.340, P<0.001). A shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance before TD is associated with a decrease in ABP after TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Rokkas S, Sethi B, Kim I. 317 Why Are We Cancelling Theatre Cases at Ealing Hospital? What Can Be Done? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Following a recent spate of on the day cancellation of elective operations being cancelled on the day of surgery, a need for a wider review was felt. Our aim was to identify the causes behind these cancellations.
Method
Retrospective data collection was performed to categorise patients according to the reason for cancellation. Analysis consisted of case presentations being prepared and presented to the surgical consultants.
Results
A total of 130 operations were cancelled on the day of surgery. 22 patients were cancelled due to the procedure not being required and 10 patients were cancelled due to insufficient pre-operative investigations.
Analysis of the 32 cases demonstrated that the majority of cancelled patients were seen and listed for surgery after clinical review by the registrar without involvement of the consultant.
Some cancellations occurred when the consultant responsible for listing the patient was different of the operating consultant.
Both factors lead to differences in opinion arising on the day of surgery.
Conclusions
Ensuring patients are only listed after discussion with the consultant would reduce cancellations arising from lack of experience and clinical misjudgment of the registrar. It would also ensure that cases added to the pooled operating lists are less subjective in their indication and readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rokkas
- Ealing Hospital-LNWH, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Sethi
- Ealing Hospital-LNWH, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Kim
- Ealing Hospital-LNWH, London, United Kingdom
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Park HS, Kang B, Chon HJ, Im HS, Lee CK, Kim I, Kang MJ, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Cheon J, Park JO, Hong JY, Kang JH, Kim JH, Lim SH, Kim JW, Kim JW, Yoo C, Choi HJ. Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin versus FOLFIRINOX as the second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: a multicenter retrospective study of the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG). ESMO Open 2021; 6:100049. [PMID: 33578192 PMCID: PMC7878976 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no clear consensus on the recommended second-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who have disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (FL) and FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) in patients who had failed on the first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. Patients and methods From January 2015 to August 2019, 378 patients with MPC who had received nal-IRI/FL (n = 104) or FOLFIRINOX (n = 274) as second-line treatment across 11 institutions were included in this retrospective study. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups, except age and first-line regimens. With a median follow-up of 6 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months with nal-IRI/FL versus 4.6 months with FOLFIRINOX (P = 0.44). Median overall survival (OS) was 7.7 months with nal-IRI/FL versus 9.7 months with FOLFRINOX (P = 0.13). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between the two regimens in the univariate and multivariate analyses. The subgroup analysis revealed that younger age (<70 years) was associated with better OS with FOLFIRINOX. In contrast, older age (≥70 years) was associated with better survival outcomes with nal-IRI/FL. Adverse events were manageable with both regimens; however, the incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy was higher in patients treated with FOLFIRINOX than with nal-IRI/FL. Conclusions Second-line nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX showed similar effectiveness outcomes after progression following first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. Age could be the determining factor for choosing the appropriate second-line therapy. This multicenter retrospective study investigated nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX outcomes after gemcitabine-based therapy. We found no significant differences in outcome between nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX treatment. Both regimens were well tolerated; however, neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy were more frequent with FOLFIRINOX. Age (cut-off, 70 years) showed differential efficacy between chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Kang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - H J Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - H-S Im
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-K Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - M J Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - J E Hwang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - W K Bae
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J Cheon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J O Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - S H Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - C Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - H J Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Seo HS, Jeong EK, Choi S, Kwon Y, Park HJ, Kim I. Changes of Neurotransmitters in Youth with Internet and Smartphone Addiction: A Comparison with Healthy Controls and Changes after Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1293-1301. [PMID: 32616578 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurotransmitter changes in youth addicted to the Internet and smartphone were compared with normal controls and in subjects after cognitive behavioral therapy. In addition, the correlations between neurotransmitters and affective factors were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen young people with Internet and smartphone addiction and 19 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (male/female ratio, 9:10; mean age, 15.47 ± 3.06 years) were included. Twelve teenagers with Internet and smartphone addiction (male/female ratio, 8:4; mean age, 14.99 ± 1.95 years) participated in 9 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy. Meshcher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy was used to measure γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels in the anterior cingulate cortex. The γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels in the addicted group were compared with those in controls and after cognitive behavioral therapy. The γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels correlated with clinical scales of Internet and smartphone addiction, impulsiveness, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sleep quality. RESULTS Brain parenchymal and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios were higher in subjects with Internet and smartphone addiction (P = .028 and .016). After therapy, brain parenchymal- and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios were decreased (P = .034 and .026). The Glx level was not statistically significant in subjects with Internet and smartphone addiction compared with controls and posttherapy status. Brain parenchymal- and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios correlated with clinical scales of Internet and smartphone addictions, depression, and anxiety. Glx/Cr was negatively correlated with insomnia and sleep quality scales. CONCLUSIONS The high γ-aminobutyric acid levels and disrupted balance of γ-aminobutyric acid-to-Glx including glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of Internet and smartphone addiction and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Seo
- From the Department of Radiology (H.S.S.), Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - E-K Jeong
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (E.-K.J.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - S Choi
- Department of Psychology (S.C., Y.K.), Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Department of Psychology (S.C., Y.K.), Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.-J.P.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Kim
- Siemens Healthcare (I.K.), Seoul, Korea
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Wolf JR, Xie Y, Kim I, Pentland A, Pentland B. 472 Visit complexity reflects billed level of service and documentation burden. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Kim JH, Kim I, Kang CK, Jun KI, Yoo SH, Chun JY, Jung J, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Jo HB, Kim DY, Koh Y, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim NJ, Yoon SS, Kim TS, Park WB, Oh MD. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship based on rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:69-75. [PMID: 32272171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) based on microscopic imaging analysis has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) based on rapid phenotypic AST can increase the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies who receive optimal targeted antibiotics during early periods of bacteraemia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with haematological malignancies and at least one positive blood culture. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to conventional (n = 60) or rapid phenotypic (n = 56) AST. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotics 72 hr after blood collection for culture. RESULTS The percentage receiving optimal targeted antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly higher in the rapid phenotypic AST group (45/56, 80.4%) than in conventional AST group (34/60, 56.7%) (relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.83). The percentage receiving unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly lower (7/26, 12.5% vs 18/60, 30.0%; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92) and the mean time to optimal targeted antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter (38.1, standard deviation (SD) 38.2 vs 72.8, SD 93.0 hr; p < 0.001) in the rapid phenotypic AST group. The mean time from blood collection to the AST result was significantly shorter in the rapid phenotypic AST group (48.3, SD 17.6 vs 83.1, SD 22.2 hr). DISCUSSION ASP based on rapid phenotypic AST can rapidly optimize antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy. Rapid phenotypic AST can improve antimicrobial stewardship in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Kim
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-I Jun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Yoo
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Koh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Shin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Hong
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-S Yoon
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M-D Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim I, Rossano J, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon A, Cherikh W, Vece G, Stehlik J, Youn J. Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kim I, Wu G, Chai N, Jordan S, Klein A. Five Treatment Strategies to Suppress Donor Specific Antibodies: Highlights from a Decade of Research Experience in a Mouse Model of Allo-Sensitization. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tetsuno K, Ajimura S, Akutagawa K, Batpurev T, Chan WM, Fushimi K, Hazama R, Iida T, Ikeyama Y, Khai BT, Kishimoto T, Lee KK, Li X, Matsuoka K, Matsuoka K, Mizukoshi K, Mori Y, Nakajima K, Noithong P, Nomachi M, Ogawa I, Ohsumi H, Ozawa K, Shimizu K, Shokati M, Soberi F, Suzuki K, Takemoto Y, Takihira Y, Tamagawa Y, Tozawa M, Trang VTT, Umehara S, Yamamoto K, Yoshida S, Kim I, Kwon DH, Kim HL, Lee HJ, Lee MK, Kim YH. Status of 48Ca double beta decay search and its future prospect in CANDLES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1468/1/012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kim D, Han SK, Lee K, Kim I, Kong J, Kim S. Evolutionary coupling analysis identifies the impact of disease-associated variants at less-conserved sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e94. [PMID: 31199866 PMCID: PMC6895274 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have discovered a large number of genetic variants in human patients with the disease. Thus, predicting the impact of these variants is important for sorting disease-associated variants (DVs) from neutral variants. Current methods to predict the mutational impacts depend on evolutionary conservation at the mutation site, which is determined using homologous sequences and based on the assumption that variants at well-conserved sites have high impacts. However, many DVs at less-conserved but functionally important sites cannot be predicted by the current methods. Here, we present a method to find DVs at less-conserved sites by predicting the mutational impacts using evolutionary coupling analysis. Functionally important and evolutionarily coupled sites often have compensatory variants on cooperative sites to avoid loss of function. We found that our method identified known intolerant variants in a diverse group of proteins. Furthermore, at less-conserved sites, we identified DVs that were not identified using conservation-based methods. These newly identified DVs were frequently found at protein interaction interfaces, where species-specific mutations often alter interaction specificity. This work presents a means to identify less-conserved DVs and provides insight into the relationship between evolutionarily coupled sites and human DVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Khang YH, Lim D, Bahk J, Kim I, Kang HY, Chang Y, Jung-Choi K. Comparison of the difference between income quintiles with the slope index of inequality. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The difference between income quintiles in health is relatively well accepted by the general public as a measure of health inequality. However, the slope index of inequality (SII) in health reflects the patterns of all social groups, including the middle 60%, and it could therefore be considered more academically desirable. If these two measures are closely correlated, the widespread use of the difference between income quintiles in health would be better supported. This study was conducted to compare differences between income quintiles in life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) with the SII.
Methods
Data on LE and HLE by income quintile from all 252 subnational districts of Korea were obtained using the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service and the Korea Community Health Survey. The SII was estimated with linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients between differences between income quintiles and the SII were computed.
Results
The correlation coefficients between differences between income quintiles and the SII were generally high: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98) for LE in men and women combined and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97) for HLE in men and women combined. In most districts, the SII was greater than the difference between income quintiles.
Conclusions
Differences between income quintiles were closely correlated with the SII. The widespread use of differences between income quintiles in health as a measure of health inequality may be preferable for communicating results of health inequality measurements to the public.
Key messages
Differences in life expectancy and health life expectancy between income quintiles were closely correlated with the slope index of inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. The widespread use of differences between income quintiles in health as a measure of health inequality may be preferable for communicating results of health inequality measurements to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Lim
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Bahk
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - I Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Chang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Jung-Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Azimov A, Kim I. The better outcome by using antiviral drugs in stroke patients with diabetes mellitus and herpes infection. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Park H, Shin DY, Kim I, Sohn SK, Koh Y, Lee JH, Lee KH, Kim DY, Kim HJ, Ahn JS, Lee JO, Bang SM, Cheong JW, Park SG, Park S, Lee Y, Ahn SY. Use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for detecting minimal residual disease: A prospective, multi-institutional study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz251.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Di Mascio M, Lifson JD, Srinivasula S, Kim I, DeGrange P, Keele BF, Belli AJ, Reimann KA, Wang Y, Proschan M, Lane HC, Fauci AS. Evaluation of an antibody to α4β7 in the control of SIVmac239-nef-stop infection. Science 2019; 365:1025-1029. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and partially overlapping infusions of antibody to integrin α4β7 was reported to induce durable posttreatment viral suppression. In an attempt to replicate those observations, we treated macaques infected with the same virus and with the same ART and monoclonal antibody (mAb) regimens (anti-α4β7 versus control mAb). Sequencing demonstrated that the virus used was actually SIVmac239-nef-stop, not wild-type SIVmac239. A positive correlation was found at 2 weeks after infection between the frequency of repair of attenuated Nef-STOP virus to pathogenic Nef-OPEN and plasma SIV RNA levels. Levels of plasma viremia before the first antibody infusion and preinfection levels of α4β7hi CD4+ T cells, but not treatment with antibody to α4β7 , correlated with levels of viral replication upon discontinuation of all treatments. Follow-up plasma viremia, peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts, and lymph node and rectal tissue viral load were not significantly different between anti-α4β7 and control mAb groups.
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Jung H, Lee E, Kim I, Song JH, Kim GJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition has cardiac and vascular protective effects in rats with pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol Res 2019; 68:727-737. [PMID: 31424255 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in animal models of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that HDAC inhibitor, sodium valproate (VPA), has cardiac and vascular protective effects in rats with pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Sections of the heart were visualized after hematoxylin and eosin staining, picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemistry. The expression of genes related to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The aortic ring tension analysis was conducted using both the ascending aorta and descending thoracic aorta. TAC increased the expression of hypertrophic, fibrotic, and oxidative stress genes, which was attenuated by VPA. In the ascending aorta with intact endothelium, there was a significant decrease in the relaxation response, which was recovered by VPA treatment. These results indicate that VPA has cardiac and vascular protective effects in rats with pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Rambhia P, Baechtold M, Kim I, Rothbaum R, Conic R, Cooper K. 597 Using social media sites for dermatology residency recruitment: Are we there yet? J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Kim I, Wu G, Chai N, Jordan S, Klein A. Dynamic BCMA Expression by Alloreactive B Cells Coupled with Donor Specific Antibody Production during De Novo Alloantibody Responses. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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