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Sokolova V, Loza K, Ebel JF, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Barium sulphate microparticles are taken up by three different cell types: HeLa, THP-1, and hMSC. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:577-587. [PMID: 37019167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of spherical barium sulphate microparticles (diameter 1 µm) were studied with three different cell lines, i.e. THP-1 cells (monocytes; model for a phagocytosing cell line), HeLa cells (epithelial cells; model for a non-phagocytosing cell line), and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs; model for non-phagocytosing primary cells). Barium sulphate is a chemically and biologically inert solid which allows to distinguish two different processes, e.g. the particle uptake and potential adverse biological reactions. Barium sulphate microparticles were surface-coated by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) which gave the particles a negative charge. Fluorescence was added by conjugating 6-aminofluorescein to CMC. The cytotoxicity of these microparticles was studied by the MTT test and a live/dead assay. The uptake was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle uptake mechanism was quantified by flow cytometry with different endocytosis inhibitors in THP-1 and HeLa cells. The microparticles were easily taken up by all cell types, mostly by phagocytosis and micropinocytosis, within a few hours. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of particles and cells is of primary importance in nanomedicine, drug delivery, and nanotoxicology. It is commonly assumed that cells take up only nanoparticles unless they are able to phagocytosis. Here, we demonstrate with chemically and biologically inert microparticles of barium sulphate that even non-phagocytosing cells like HeLa and hMSCs take up microparticles to a considerable degree. This has considerable implication in biomaterials science, e.g. in case of abrasive debris and particulate degradation products from implants like endoprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - K Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - J F Ebel
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - J Buer
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - A M Westendorf
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - M Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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Lang S, Brandau S, Marchesi JR, Jablonska J, Thurnher D, Mattheis S, Buer J, Hussain T. [The microbiome in head and neck tumors-initial findings and outlook]. HNO 2020; 68:905-910. [PMID: 32995898 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-020-00950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Technical progress in molecular biology has allowed for a more detailed analysis of the composition of the human microbiome in recent years. Inter- and intraindividual differences in microbiome composition have been demonstrated, which in part correlate with the occurrence of certain diseases. For some of the so-called oncomicrobes, a direct relationship between their effect on the host organism and carcinogenesis has been demonstrated, predominantly for gastrointestinal cancers. Initial results for head and neck cancer show inter- and intraindividual differences in the local microbiota of the tumor environment, with certain bacterial strains over- or underrepresented. Our results confirm these findings, e.g., by showing a relative abundance of fusobacteria in tumor tissue while streptococci were relatively reduced. Currently available results show a high degree of inter- and intraindividual variation, thus requiring larger patient cohorts for functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lang
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - S Brandau
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - J R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Großbritannien
| | - J Jablonska
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - D Thurnher
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - S Mattheis
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - J Buer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - T Hussain
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
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Pelzer BW, Seufert R, Koldehoff M, Liebregts T, Schmidt D, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Performance of the AsperGenius® PCR assay for detecting azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in BAL fluids from allogeneic HSCT recipients: A prospective cohort study from Essen, West Germany. Med Mycol 2020; 58:268-271. [PMID: 31111913 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR (AsperGenius®) was evaluated for its efficacy in detecting Aspergillus fumigatus and azole resistance markers in comparison with conventional culture methods and galactomannan (GM) testing from BAL fluids in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Between January 2015 and May 2017 100 allogeneic HSCT recipients with pulmonary infiltrates and suspicion of invasive fungal infection were recruited to the study from a tertiary care center in Germany. BAL fluid was routinely assessed using the following diagnostic tests: AsperGenius® PCR assay, GM testing (cut-off: 1.0) and conventional culture. Susceptibility testing of azoles was performed by using Etest and, in case presenting elevated MICs, PCR for mutations in the cyp51A gene was carried out. Criteria of EORTC/MSG were used to classify the patients for invasive fungal disease. According to the EORTC/MSG criteria 23 patients presented with probable invasive aspergillosis (IA). Aspergillus PCR showed a sensitivity of 65% for probable IA cases. A combination of PCR and GM results in BAL displayed a sensitivity of 96% (22/23) and 100% specificity. Mutations in the cyp51A gene were detected by PCR in three cases (3/23; 13%) which were also found resistant with the culture method. In one case a Y121F/T289A mutation and in two cases a L98H were found. The combination of a commercial Aspergillus PCR assay and GM testing from BAL demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing IA in allogeneic HSCT recipients. The Aspergillus PCR assay was not superior in detecting azole resistant A. fumigatus compared to culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Pelzer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - R Seufert
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - M Koldehoff
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Liebregts
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Madel R, Börger V, Dittrich R, Bremer M, Baba H, Brandau S, Buer J, Horn P, Kirschning C, Giebel B. Large-scale preparations of small extracellular vesicles from conditioned media of mesenchymal stromal cells modulate therapeutic impacts on a newly established Graft-versus-Host-Disease model in batch dependent manners. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seufert R, Sedlacek L, Kahl B, Hogardt M, Hamprecht A, Haase G, Gunzer F, Haas A, Grauling-Halama S, MacKenzie CR, Essig A, Stehling F, Sutharsan S, Dittmer S, Killengray D, Schmidt D, Eskandarian N, Steinmann E, Buer J, Hagen F, Meis JF, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Prevalence and characterization of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis: a prospective multicentre study in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2047-2053. [PMID: 29684150 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent filamentous fungus in the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this prospective multicentre study was to investigate the prevalence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) in respiratory secretions from CF patients across Germany and to characterize ARAF isolates by phenotypic and molecular methods. Methods Twelve tertiary care centres from Germany participated in the study. In total, 2888 A. fumigatus isolates from 961 CF patients were screened for ARAF by using azole-containing agar plates. Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates was performed by broth microdilution according to EUCAST guidelines. Analysis of mutations mediating resistance was performed using PCR and sequencing of the cyp51A gene. Furthermore, genotyping by microsatellite PCR was performed. Results Of a total of 2888 A. fumigatus isolates, 101 isolates from 51 CF patients were found to be azole resistant (prevalence per patient 5.3%). The Essen centre had the highest prevalence (9.1%) followed by Munich (7.8%), Münster (6.0%) and Hannover (5.2%). Most ARAF isolates (n = 89) carried the TR34/L98H mutation followed by eight G54E/R, one TR46/Y121F/T289A and one F219S mutation. In two isolates no mutation was found. Genotyping results showed no major clustering. Forty-five percent of CF patients with ARAF had previously received azole therapy. Conclusions This is the first multicentre study analysing the prevalence of ARAF isolates in German CF patients. Because of a resistance rate of up to 9%, susceptibility testing of A. fumigatus isolates from CF patients receiving antifungal treatment should be part of standard diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seufert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - L Sedlacek
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Clinics Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Hogardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Haase
- Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Services (LDZ), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gunzer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - S Grauling-Halama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C R MacKenzie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Essig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Stehling
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - S Sutharsan
- Department of Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Dittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Killengray
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - N Eskandarian
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research [a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)], Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Hagen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Madel R, Börger V, Bremer M, Horn P, Baba H, Brandau S, Buer J, Giebel B, Kirschning C. MSC-EVs protect mice from graft-versus-host disease pathology in a preparation dependent manner. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sokolova V, Shi Z, Huang S, Du Y, Kopp M, Frede A, Knuschke T, Buer J, Yang D, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Session 5: Biomaterials - Inorganic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:36-40. [PMID: 30753149 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2019-7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Sokolova
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry,Essen, Germany
| | - Z Shi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Infectious Diseases,Wuhan, China
| | - S Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Infectious Diseases,Wuhan, China
| | - Y Du
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Infectious Diseases,Wuhan, China
| | - M Kopp
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry,Essen, Germany
| | - A Frede
- University Hospital Essen, Medical Microbiology,Essen, Germany
| | - T Knuschke
- University Hospital Essen, Medical Microbiology,Essen, Germany
| | - J Buer
- University Hospital Essen, Medical Microbiology,Essen, Germany
| | - D Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Infectious Diseases,Wuhan, China
| | - A M Westendorf
- University Hospital Essen, Medical Microbiology,Essen, Germany
| | - M Epple
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry,Essen, Germany
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Sokolova V, Loza K, Knuschke T, Heinen-Weiler J, Jastrow H, Hasenberg M, Buer J, Westendorf A, Gunzer M, Epple M. A systematic electron microscopic study on the uptake of barium sulphate nano-, submicro-, microparticles by bone marrow-derived phagocytosing cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:352-363. [PMID: 30240952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can act as transporters for synthetic molecules and biomolecules into cells, also in immunology. Antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells are important targets for immunotherapy in nanomedicine. Therefore, we have used primary murine bone marrow-derived phagocytosing cells (bmPCs), i.e. dendritic cells and macrophages, to study their interaction with spherical barium sulphate particles of different size (40 nm, 420 nm, and 1 µm) and to follow their uptake pathway. Barium sulphate is chemically and biologically inert (no dissolution, no catalytic effects), i.e. we can separate the particle uptake effect from potential biological reactions. The colloidal stabilization of the nanoparticles was achieved by a layer of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) which is biologically inert and gives the particles a negative zeta potential (i.e. charge). The particles were made fluorescent by conjugating 6-aminofluoresceine to CMC. Their uptake was visualized by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Barium sulphate particles of all sizes were readily taken up by dendritic cells and even more by macrophages, with the uptake increasing with time and particle concentration. They were mainly localized inside phagosomes, heterophagosomes, and in the case of nanoparticles also in the nearby cytosol. No particles were found in the nucleus. In nanomedicine, inorganic nanoparticles from the nanometer to the micrometer size are therefore well suited as transporters of biomolecules, including antigens, into dendritic cells and macrophages. The presented model system may also serve to describe the aseptic loosening of endoprostheses caused by abrasive wear of inert particles and the subsequent cell reaction, a question which relates to the field of nanotoxicology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of particles and cells is at the heart of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology, including abrasive wear from endoprostheses. It also comprises the immunological reaction to different kinds of nanomaterials, triggered by an immune response, e.g. by antigen-presenting cells. However, it is often difficult to separate the particle effect from a chemical or biochemical reaction to particles or their cargo. We show how chemically inert barium sulphate particles with three different sizes (nano, sub-micro, and micro) interact with relevant immune cells (primary dendritic cells and macrophages). Particles of all three sizes are readily taken up into both cell types by phagocytosis, but the uptake by macrophages is significantly more prominent than that by dendritic cells. The cells take up particles until they are virtually stuffed, but without direct adverse effect. The uptake increases with time and particle concentration. Thus, we have an ideal model system to follow particles into and inside cells without the side effect of a chemical particle effect, e.g. by degradation or ion release.
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Kehrmann J, Veckollari B, Schmidt D, Schildgen O, Schildgen V, Wagner N, Zeschnigk M, Klein-Hitpass L, Witzke O, Buer J, Steinmann J. The lung microbiome in patients with pneumocystosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:170. [PMID: 29202739 PMCID: PMC5715545 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic fungal infection that is associated with a high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we analysed the microbiome of the lower respiratory tract from critically ill intensive care unit patients with and without pneumocystosis. Methods Broncho-alveolar fluids from 65 intubated and mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients (34 PCP+ and 31 PCP- patients) were collected. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3/V4 regions was performed to study the composition of the respiratory microbiome using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Differences in the microbial composition detected between PCP+ and PCP- patients were not statistically significant on class, order, family and genus level. In addition, alpha and beta diversity metrics did not reveal significant differences between PCP+ and PCP- patients. The composition of the lung microbiota was highly variable between PCP+ patients and comparable in its variety with the microbiota composition of the heterogeneous collective of PCP- patients. Conclusions The lower respiratory tract microbiome in patients with pneumocystosis does not appear to be determined by a specific microbial composition or to be dominated by a single bacterial species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0512-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - B Veckollari
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - O Schildgen
- Institute of Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Schildgen
- Institute of Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Klein-Hitpass
- Biochip Laboratory, Institute for Cell Biology-Tumor Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - O Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany. .,Present Address: Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Germany.
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Krull M, Klare I, Ross B, Trenschel R, Beelen DW, Todt D, Steinmann E, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Emergence of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a department for hematologic stem cell transplantation. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:31. [PMID: 27688876 PMCID: PMC5034661 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has increased in Germany. Here, we report the cluster of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (LVRE) in a German department for hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods In this retrospective analysis we included all patients with LVRE in a university-based department for HSCT in 2014 and 2015. Patients chart reviews were used to investigate the epidemiology and clinical outcome. Available LVRE isolates underwent detailed microbiological characterization and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results In total, 20 patients with LVRE were identified within the observed time period. All except two patients underwent allogeneic HSCT. Surveillance culture results from incoming patients and chart review revealed that 10 of 20 patients were colonized at hospital admission. Eight of 10 patients with in-hospital acquired LVRE had previous linezolid treatment. Analysis of spatio-temporal patterns showed no evidence for LVRE patient-to-patient or environment-to-patient transmission within the HSCT department. In five cases (25 %) LVRE bloodstream infection occurred. Nine LVRE isolates could be saved for characterization. Eight isolates carried vanA, one isolate vanB. PFGE analysis showed that four different LVRE clones were responsible for the cluster. One single genotype was present in six LVRE isolates whereupon the corresponding patients were all referred from the same hospital to the HSCT department. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating the emergence of LVRE in a German HSCT department. (L)VRE screening at patients’ admission and appropriate infection control strategies were sufficient to prevent any transmission. Further studies in this predisposed patient collective are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krull
- Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I Klare
- Wernigerode Branch, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - B Ross
- Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - R Trenschel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation (AHE), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D W Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation (AHE), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Todt
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Institute for Experimental Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Institute for Experimental Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Steinmann J, Hamprecht A, Vehreschild MJGT, Cornely OA, Buchheidt D, Spiess B, Koldehoff M, Buer J, Meis JF, Rath PM. Emergence of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in HSCT recipients in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1522-6. [PMID: 25630644 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA). In recent years, resistance to triazoles, the mainstay of IA therapy, has emerged in different countries worldwide. IA caused by azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) shows an exceedingly high mortality. In this study, IA due to ARAF isolates in HSCT recipients in Germany was investigated. METHODS The epidemiology of azole resistance in IA was analysed in two German haematology departments. Between 2012 and 2013, 762 patients received HSCT in Essen (n = 388) and Cologne (n = 374). Susceptibility testing of A. fumigatus isolates was performed by Etest, followed by EUCAST broth microdilution testing if elevated MICs were recorded. In all ARAF isolates the cyp51A gene was sequenced and the genotype was determined by microsatellite typing using nine short tandem repeats. RESULTS In total, A. fumigatus was recovered from 27 HSCT recipients. Eight patients had azole-resistant IA after HSCT, and seven of the cases were fatal (88%). All except one patient received antifungal prophylaxis (in five cases triazoles). TR34/L98H was the most common mutation (n = 5), followed by TR46/Y121F/T289A (n = 2). In one resistant isolate no cyp51A mutation was detected. Genotyping revealed genetic diversity within the German ARAF isolates and no clustering with resistant isolates from the Netherlands, India and France. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the emergence of azole-resistant IA with TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A mutations in HSCT patients in Germany and underscores the need for systematic antifungal susceptibility testing of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M J G T Vehreschild
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - O A Cornely
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln, BMBF 01KN1106, Center for Integrated Oncology CIO Köln Bonn, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Buchheidt
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - B Spiess
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Koldehoff
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation (AHE), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Vidigal P, Dittmer S, Steinmann E, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Adaptation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis: Molecular diversity, mutation frequency and antibiotic resistance. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:613-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Steinmann J, Giraud S, Schmidt D, Sedlacek L, Hamprecht A, Houbraken J, Meis JF, Bouchara JP, Buer J, Rath PM. Validation of a novel real-time PCR for detecting Rasamsonia argillacea species complex in respiratory secretions from cystic fibrosis patients. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:72-8. [PMID: 25356347 PMCID: PMC4184661 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the recently introduced fungal genus Rasamsonia (formerly included in
the Geosmithia genus) have been described as emerging pathogens in immunosuppressed
hosts or patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Rasamsonia species have often been
misidentified as Penicillium or Paecilomyces because of similar
morphological characteristics. We validated a commercially available real-time PCR assay
(Primerdesign™, UK) for accurate detection of species from the Rasamsonia
argillacea complex. First, we tested this assay with a collection of 74 reference strains
and clinical isolates and then compared the PCR with cultures of 234 respiratory samples from 152
patients with CF from two University Hospitals in Germany and France. The assay reliably detected
the three main species within the Rasamsonia argillacea species complex
(R. argillacea, R. piperina,
R. aegroticola), which are typically encountered in CF patients. The limit
of DNA detection was between 0.01 and 1 pg/μL. Analysis of the DNA extracts from
respiratory specimens of CF patients revealed that four out of the 153 patients studied
(2.6%) were colonized with R. argillacea species complex. Two species
from the R. argillacea complex grew in the parallel cultures from the same
patients. In one patient the PCR was positive 5 months before culture. The real-time PCR
assay is a sensitive and specific method for detecting the three most important species of the
R. argillacea species complex encountered in the CF
context. Detection of these emerging pathogens in respiratory secretions from CF patients by this
novel assay may increase our understanding of the occurrence and epidemiology of the R.
argillacea species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital
Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
- Corresponding author: J. Steinmann, Institute of Medical
Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122
Essen, Germany E-mail:
| | - S Giraud
- L'UNAM Université, Université
d′Angers, Groupe d′Etude des Interactions Hôte-PathogèneAngers, France
| | - D Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital
Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
| | - L Sedlacek
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital
Epidemiology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - A Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and
Hygiene, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina HospitalNijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University
Medical CentreNijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P Bouchara
- L'UNAM Université, Université
d′Angers, Groupe d′Etude des Interactions Hôte-PathogèneAngers, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Angers
University HospitalAngers, France
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital
Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital
Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
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14
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Ross B, Steinmann J, Buer J, Dusse F, Jakob H, Schneemann H, Hugo-Hanke S, Bräutigam S, Sanewski A, Kundt R, Parohl N, Weidler K, Witzke O, Popp W. [Outbreak with Ralstonia pickettii caused by contaminated magnesium vials]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:323-6. [PMID: 24496893 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HISTORY In February 2013, 5 patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) were found to have positive blood cultures with Ralstonia pickettii within one week. Because all patients got intravenous therapy, improper work of a staff member was suspected. Some days later, a 6th patient was found with a positive blood culture of Ralstonia pickettii in another department of the hospital. INVESTIGATIONS Hygienic investigations showed no evidence of failures in preparation of intravenous therapy. All patients were on different intravenous drugs, but every patient had received glucose 5 % and magnesium. We examined samples of glucose and magnesia as well as samples from environment. RESULTS AND COURSE: Glucose and magnesium samples were examined by membrane filter method. Ralstonia pitteckii was detected in some Magnesium vials. We concluded, that contamination of Magnesium vials might have been the reason for blood stream infection of patients. Pharmacists and authorities were informed and all vials were collected and replaced by vials from another company. Later a nationwide recall of Magnesium vials was performed by the producing company. No further Ralstonia pickettii was found in blood cultures in our hospital. CONCLUSION Unusual pathogens in blood cultures should lead to reflection of rarer causes such as contamination of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ross
- Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - J Steinmann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - J Buer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - F Dusse
- Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - H Jakob
- Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | | | | | | | | | - R Kundt
- Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Essen
| | - N Parohl
- Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - K Weidler
- Stabsstelle Recht, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - O Witzke
- Klinik für Nephrologie, Sektion Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - W Popp
- Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Essen
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15
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Rath PM, Schoch B, Adamzik M, Steinmann E, Buer J, Steinmann J. Value of multiplex PCR using cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of ventriculostomy-related meningitis in neurosurgery patients. Infection 2014; 42:621-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Steinmann J, Buer J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1059-73. [PMID: 23072320 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of green tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to have many physiological and pharmacological health benefits. In the past two decades several studies have reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main constituent of green tea, has anti-infective properties. Antiviral activities of EGCG with different modes of action have been demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Flaviviridae and include important human pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and the hepatitis C virus. Furthermore, the molecule interferes with the replication cycle of DNA viruses like hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus and adenovirus. Most of these studies demonstrated antiviral properties within physiological concentrations of EGCG in vitro. In contrast, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacteria were 10-100-fold higher. Nevertheless, the antibacterial effects of EGCG alone and in combination with different antibiotics have been intensively analysed against a number of bacteria including multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, the catechin EGCG has antifungal activity against human-pathogenic yeasts like Candida albicans. Although the mechanistic effects of EGCG are not fully understood, there are results indicating that EGCG binds to lipid membranes and affects the folic acid metabolism of bacteria and fungi by inhibiting the cytoplasmic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This review summarizes the current knowledge and future perspectives on the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects of the green tea constituent EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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17
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Schemuth H, Dittmer S, Lackner M, Sedlacek L, Hamprecht A, Steinmann E, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. In vitroactivity of colistin as single agent and in combination with antifungals against filamentous fungi occurring in patients with cystic fibrosis. Mycoses 2012; 56:297-303. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Ross B, Witzke O, Kribben A, Heintschel von Heinegg E, Buer J, Gerken G, Fiedler M, Popp W. [Managing EHEC in hospital routine]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012; 137:933-6. [PMID: 22531941 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During May and June 2011 an outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) occurred in Germany. More than 4000 patients were infected of which 800 developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) as a severe complication. Reports in the press led to great concern in the general population. Many people with diarrhea reported to hospitals in order to exclude EHEC infections. METHODS We describe the management of patients with suspected infectious diarrhea at the university hospital of Essen. A hospital with a significant number of immunocompromised patients. RESULTS One important measure to handle the surge of contagious patients was to establish a multidisciplinary coordination team under leadership and guidance of the Department of Nephrology and the Department of Hospital Hygiene. Suspected infectious patients were separated in a modified emergency room. A new ward for infectious diseases was established to isolate in-patients. CONCLUSION In our hospital the management of EHEC outbreak enabled us to treat these additional infectious patients without hampering the treatment of the other patients. As a result we plan the implementation of a coordination team for future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ross
- Krankenhaushygiene Universitätsklinikum Essen.
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19
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Tschiedel E, Steinmann J, Buer J, Onnebrink JG, Felderhoff-Müser U, Rath PM, Dohna-Schwake C. Results and relevance of molecular detection of pathogens by SeptiFast--a retrospective analysis in 75 critically ill children. Klin Padiatr 2012; 224:12-6. [PMID: 22258624 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common cause of death in children. Early detection of bloodstream pathogens is crucial for the appropriate antibiotic treatment. Blood cultures (BC) are the gold standard test used for detection. Recently, additional molecular detection methods of microbial DNA by multiplex PCR (SeptiFast, SF) have become available. AIM Our retrospective study was aimed to compare results of BC to those of SF regarding results and therapeutic relevance. METHOD We identified a total of 110 SF samples in 75 patients with suspected systemic infection by retrospective chart review. Each patient underwent SF and BC testing simultaneously. RESULTS The initial analysis displayed no statistical significant difference in positive SF results compared to BC (p=0.19): in 26 of 110 samples (24%) microbial DNA was found. 19 BC (17%) showed microbial growth. 14 samples were positive in SF but negative in BC (13%). In patients who were pretreated with antibiotics (n=97) pathogens were identified in 24 samples by SF (25%) but only in 11 samples by BC (11%). Based on the clinical presentation and the spectrum of bacterial isolates 3 BC were considered contaminated. Considering this, SF yielded pathogens significantly more often than BC in the overall study population (p=0.04). SF results were available at least 31 h before BC results. Based on SF result antibiotic therapy was adjusted in 14 patients (13%). CONCLUSION Molecular detection of pathogens by SF was faster and more frequently positive than BC. We have therefore demonstrated that SF might be superior to BC in testing for bloodstream pathogens. Prospective multicentric studies are required to determine whether this hypothesis can be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tschiedel
- Kinderklinik 1, Universitätsklinik Essen, Germany.
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20
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Goncalves-Vidigal P, Grosse-Onnebrink J, Mellies U, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis: Improved detection by the use of selective agar and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance. J Cyst Fibros 2011; 10:422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sokolova V, Knuschke T, Buer J, Westendorf A, Epple M. Quantitative determination of the composition of multi-shell calcium phosphate-oligonucleotide nanoparticles and their application for the activation of dendritic cells. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:4029-36. [PMID: 21784177 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles as carriers for the immunoactive toll-like receptor ligands CpG and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid for the activation of dendritic cells (DC) combined with the viral antigen hemagglutinin (HA) were prepared. A purification method based on ultracentrifugation and ultrasonication was developed to separate the nanoparticles from dissolved biomolecules. The number of biomolecules, i.e., oligonucleotides and peptide, incorporated into the nanoparticles was quantitatively determined by UV-spectroscopy, using fluorescent derivatives of the biomolecules. The immunostimulatory effects of purified calcium phosphate nanoparticles on DC were studied, i.e., cytokine production and activation of the cells in terms of the upregulation of surface molecules. Purified calcium phosphate nanoparticles, i.e., without dissolved biomolecules, are capable of inducing adaptive immunity by activation of DC. Immunostimulatory effects of purified calcium phosphate nanoparticles on DC were demonstrated by increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC II and by cytokine secretion. In addition, DC treated with purified functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles induced an antigen-specific T-cell response in vitro.
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22
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Fleissner D, Loser K, Hansen W, Dissemond J, Körber A, Beissert S, Buer J, Westendorf AM. In vitro induced CD8+ regulatory T cells inhibit skin inflammation. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2011; 1:208-14. [PMID: 24516726 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.1.2011.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) regulatory T cells appear impaired in number and/or function in some autoimmune diseases. However, the role of CD8(+) regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and psoriasis remains unknown. In this study, we set out to analyze the capability of CD8(+) regulatory T cells to inhibit skin inflammation in a murine model and to determine the frequency of CD8(+) regulatory T cells in patients with psoriasis. We demonstrate that murine fully competent CD8(+) regulatory T cells can be induced by stimulating naïve CD8(+) T cells in the presence of TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA). Importantly, in vitro induced CD8(+) regulatory T cells significantly suppressed skin inflammation in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the frequency of regulatory CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells is decreased in peripheral blood but increased in lesional psoriatic skin of patients with psoriasis. Thus, our study suggests a previously unappreciated role of CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in skin disorders, and induction of these cells in vitro may be an effective immunotherapy for skin inflammation.
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Steinmann J, Kaase M, Gatermann S, Popp W, Steinmann E, Damman M, Paul A, Saner F, Buer J, Rath PM. Outbreak due to a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain harbouring KPC-2 and VIM-1 in a German university hospital, July 2010 to January 2011. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.33.19944-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the epidemiology and characteristics of the pathogen and patients (n=7) associated with an outbreak of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strain in a German university hospital from July 2010 to January 2011. Species identification and detection of carbapenem resistance were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Carbapenemases were detected by phenotypic methods and specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). DNA fingerprinting profiles were performed with repetitive sequence-based PCR. Medical records of colonised or infected patients were retrospectively reviewed. Antibiotic resistance profiles, PCR-specific amplification products and genotyping demonstrated that the outbreak occurred because of the spread of a single CRKP clone harbouring both KPC-2 and VIM-1. Five of the seven patients had invasive infections with the CRKP strain; the deaths of four of them were directly related to the infection. Early implementation of infection control interventions brought about efficient containment of further cross-transmission. Rapid dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a serious concern in patient care and is a problem that has emerged in western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-
Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kaase
- National Reference Laboratory for Multidrug Resistant Gram negative Bacteria,
Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Gatermann
- National Reference Laboratory for Multidrug Resistant Gram negative Bacteria,
Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - W Popp
- Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Damman
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Saner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-
Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-
Essen, Essen, Germany
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Steinmann J, Kaase M, Gatermann S, Popp W, Steinmann E, Damman M, Paul A, Saner F, Buer J, Rath P. Outbreak due to a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain harbouring KPC-2 and VIM-1 in a German university hospital, July 2010 to January 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19944. [PMID: 21871227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the epidemiology and characteristics of the pathogen and patients (n=7) associated with an outbreak of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strain in a German university hospital from July 2010 to January 2011. Species identification and detection of carbapenem resistance were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Carbapenemases were detected by phenotypic methods and specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). DNA fingerprinting profiles were performed with repetitive sequence-based PCR. Medical records of colonised or infected patients were retrospectively reviewed. Antibiotic resistance profiles, PCR-specific amplification products and genotyping demonstrated that the outbreak occurred because of the spread of a single CRKP clone harbouring both KPC-2 and VIM-1. Five of the seven patients had invasive infections with the CRKP strain; the deaths of four of them were directly related to the infection. Early implementation of infection control interventions brought about efficient containment of further cross-transmission. Rapid dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a serious concern in patient care and is a problem that has emerged in western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany.
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25
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Metz CHD, Buer J, Bornfeld N, Lipski A. Bilateral Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis with stellate maculopathy in a 6-year-old boy. Infection 2011; 40:191-4. [PMID: 21826435 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bartonella henselae, the cause of cat-scratch disease in humans, may lead to characteristic vision-threatening ocular findings, which importantly indicate diagnosis. METHODS This is an observational case report of a 6-year-old boy who presented with bilateral stellate maculopathy and lymphadenopathy. RESULTS After serologic verification of B. henselae infection, systemic azithromycin therapy initiated the full recovery of visual acuity and bilateral complete resolution of stellate exudates during the following months. CONCLUSION Stellate maculopathy should always include the differential diagnosis of B. henselae infection. In this rare case of bilateral stellate maculopathy, we observed full recovery of function following systemic macrolide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H D Metz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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26
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Kehrmann J, Kaase M, Szabados F, Gatermann SG, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Vancomycin MIC creep in MRSA blood culture isolates from Germany: a regional problem? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:677-83. [PMID: 21229280 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the vancomycin MIC distribution for MRSA blood culture isolates over a period of six years in Germany. The study examined 287 MRSA isolates from blood cultures collected at several hospitals in two German cities between 2004 and 2009. The vancomycin MIC was determined by Etest. Genotypic features of the MRSA strains with vancomycin MIC ≥ 1 mg/L were determined by semiautomated repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. The range of vancomycin MIC as determined by Etest was 0.25 to 2.0 mg/L. The geometric mean MIC increased by 1.34-fold in city A over the study period (p < 0.05), but there was no meaningful change in city B (a 1.09-fold increase, p > 0.05). Furthermore, in city A a shift in vancomycin MICs occurred as an increase in the percentage of isolates with MIC ≥ 1 mg/L from period one (2004-2006) to period two (2007-2009) (p < 0.0001). Typing results showed that in city A a single clone was predominant (55% of the creep isolates). In this study, the creep phenomenon seems to be a regional problem. We suggest that all hospitals should monitor their local status of elevated vancomycin MICs in invasive MRSA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Steinmann J, Schmidt D, Buer J, Rath PM. Discrimination of Scedosporium prolificans against Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium apiospermum by semiautomated repetitive sequence-based PCR. Med Mycol 2010; 49:475-83. [PMID: 21108573 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.539630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory identification of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium isolates at the species level is important for clinical and epidemiological purposes. This study used semiautomated repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) to identify Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium. Reference strains of Pseudallescheria boydii (n = 12), Scedosporium prolificans (n = 8), Scedosporium apiospermum (n = 9), and clinical/environmental isolates (P. boydii, 7; S. prolificans, 7; S. apiospermum, 7) were analyzed by rep-PCR. All clinical isolates were identified by morphological and phenotypic characteristics and by sequence analysis. Species identification of reference strains was based on the results of available databases. Rep-PCR studies were also conducted with various molds to differentiate Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium spp. from other commonly encountered filamentous fungi. All tested Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium isolates were distinguishable from the other filamentous fungi. All Scedosporium prolificans strains clustered within the cutoff of 85%, and species identification by rep-PCR showed an agreement of 100% with sequence analysis. However, several isolates of P. boydii and S. apiospermum did not cluster within the 85% cutoff with the same species by rep-PCR. Although the identification of P. boydii and S. apiospermum was not correct, the semiautomated rep-PCR system is a promising tool for the identification of S. prolificans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Probst-Kepper M, Balling R, Buer J. FOXP3: required but not sufficient. the role of GARP (LRRC32) as a safeguard of the regulatory phenotype. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:533-9. [PMID: 20642442 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011009060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3 is essential for the development and function of regulatory CD4(+)CD25(hi) T (T(reg)) cells. However, recent evidence suggests that FOXP3 alone is not sufficient to completely explain the regulatory phenotype of these key players in autoimmunity and inflammation: after being activated, conventional human CD4(+) T cells transiently up-regulate FOXP3 without acquiring a regulatory function. Researchers have recently found that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP, or LRRC32) is a T(reg)-specific receptor that binds latent TGF-beta and dominantly controls FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype via a positive feedback loop. This finding provides a missing link in our molecular understanding of FOXP3 in T(reg) cells. This viewpoint focuses on GARP as safeguard of FOXP3 and the regulatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Probst-Kepper
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Vernadakis S, Adamzik M, Heuer M, Antoch G, Baba H, Fiedler M, Buer J, Paul A, Kaiser G. [Hemicolectomy for ischemic colitis : A case report of a (H1N1) virus-associated death]. Chirurg 2010; 81:841-5. [PMID: 20186377 PMCID: PMC7095873 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-010-1894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is rapidly spreading and has also become a common problem in Germany. Many cases with severe clinical presentation and death have been documented, especially in persons with underlying medical conditions. As of December 15, 2009, Germany has reported 119 H1N1-associated deaths. We report here the first H1N1-associated death in Germany, a 36-year-old woman with morbid obesity. The patient underwent a laparotomy with colon resection due to colon ischemia, a rare visceral complication in such cases. In this article an attempt has been made to reflect the state of requirements in terms of safety, occupational health, hygiene and working conditions with respect to activities involving logistics in the diagnostics, treatment (also surgical) and handling of such patients. Given the rapidly evolving nature the outbreak of human infection with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza vaccination is recommended as the only way to prevent the infection of health care workers and patients with underlying medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vernadakis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
| | - M. Adamzik
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - M. Heuer
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
| | - G. Antoch
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - H. Baba
- Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - M. Fiedler
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - J. Buer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - A. Paul
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
| | - G.M. Kaiser
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
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Probst-Kepper M, Balling R, Buer J. FOXP3: Required but Not Sufficient. The Role of GARP (LRRC32) as a Safeguard of the Regulatory Phenotype. Curr Mol Med 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/156652410792231349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tschiedel E, Steinmann J, Buer J, Felderhoff-Müser U, Rath PM, Dohna-Schwake C. Anwendung von LightCycler® SeptiFast bei pädiatrischen Patienten. Klin Padiatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Körber A, Schmid EN, Buer J, Klode J, Schadendorf D, Dissemond J. Bacterial colonization of chronic leg ulcers: current results compared with data 5 years ago in a specialized dermatology department. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:1017-25. [PMID: 20236200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nearly every chronic wound different bacteria species can be detected. Nevertheless, the presence of such microorganisms is not necessarily obligatory associated with a delayed wound healing. But from this initially unproblematic colonization an infection up to a sepsis can arise in some patients. The aim of our clinical investigation was to analyse the spectrum of microbial colonization of patients with a chronic leg ulcer in our specialized dermatological outpatient wound clinic, and to compare them with the results of comparable data already collected 5 years ago. OBJECTIVES In our retrospective investigation the results of bacteriological swabs were documented in 100 patients with a total of 107 chronic leg ulcers. All patients visited the specialized wound outpatient clinic, Department of Dermatology, University of Essen in Germany. METHODS A total of 60 patients were female, 40 were male. The mean age was 65 years. Altogether a total of 191 bacterial isolates and 25 different bacterial species could be identified. RESULTS The most often detected species were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 60), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 36) as well as Proteus mirabilis (n = 17). In 10 patients (10%) we identified a colonization with methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Merely in 6 patients the taken swabs were sterile. Five years ago a comparable investigation was already carried out in our wound outpatient clinic. At that time we could detect in particular more frequent MRSA (21.5% vs. 10%) and rarely P. aeruginosa (24.1% vs. 33.6%). CONCLUSION The results of our investigation demonstrate the current spectrum of the bacterial colonization in patients with chronic leg ulcers in a university dermatological wound centre in comparison to the last 5 years. In our institution we were able to demonstrate a shift of the detected bacterial species from gram-positive in direction to gram-negative germs. Beside the already known problems with MRSA, in future therapeutic strategies in patients with chronic leg ulcers the increasing amount of gram-negative bacteria and especially of P. aeruginosa should considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Körber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Probst-Kepper M, Geffers R, Kröger A, Viegas N, Erck C, Hecht HJ, Lünsdorf H, Roubin R, Moharregh-Khiabani D, Wagner K, Ocklenburg F, Jeron A, Garritsen H, Arstila TP, Kekäläinen E, Balling R, Hauser H, Buer J, Weiss S. GARP: a key receptor controlling FOXP3 in human regulatory T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:3343-57. [PMID: 19453521 PMCID: PMC4516490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that regulatory pathways might control sustained high levels of FOXP3 in regulatory CD4(+)CD25(hi) T (T(reg)) cells. Based on transcriptional profiling of ex vivo activated T(reg) and helper CD4(+)CD25(-) T (T(h)) cells we have identified GARP (glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant), LGALS3 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3) and LGMN (legumain) as novel genes implicated in human T(reg) cell function, which are induced upon T-cell receptor stimulation. Retroviral overexpression of GARP in antigen-specific T(h) cells leads to an efficient and stable re-programming of an effector T cell towards a regulatory T cell, which involves up-regulation of FOXP3, LGALS3, LGMN and other T(reg)-associated markers. In contrast, overexpression of LGALS3 and LGMN enhance FOXP3 and GARP expression, but only partially induced a regulatory phenotype. Lentiviral down-regulation of GARP in T(reg) cells significantly impaired the suppressor function and was associated with down-regulation of FOXP3. Moreover, down-regulation of FOXP3 resulted in similar phenotypic changes and down-regulation of GARP. This provides compelling evidence for a GARP-FOXP3 positive feedback loop and provides a rational molecular basis for the known difference between natural and transforming growth factor-beta induced T(reg) cells as we show here that the latter do not up-regulate GARP. In summary, we have identified GARP as a key receptor controlling FOXP3 in T(reg) cells following T-cell activation in a positive feedback loop assisted by LGALS3 and LGMN, which represents a promising new system for the therapeutic manipulation of T cells in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Probst-Kepper
- Junior Research Group for Xenotransplantation, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - R Geffers
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - A Kröger
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - N Viegas
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - C Erck
- Synaptic Systems GmbHGoettingen, Germany
| | - H-J Hecht
- Department of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - H Lünsdorf
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - R Roubin
- Institut de Cancerologie de MarseilleMarseille, France
| | - D Moharregh-Khiabani
- Junior Research Group for Xenotransplantation, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - K Wagner
- Junior Research Group for Xenotransplantation, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - F Ocklenburg
- Junior Research Group for Xenotransplantation, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - A Jeron
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - H Garritsen
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbHBraunschweig, Germany
| | - TP Arstila
- Haartman Institute, Department of Immunology, University of HelsinkiHaartmaninkatu, Finland
| | - E Kekäläinen
- Haartman Institute, Department of Immunology, University of HelsinkiHaartmaninkatu, Finland
| | - R Balling
- Biological Systems Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchInhoffenstraße, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Hauser
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - J Buer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University EssenEssen, Germany
| | - S Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
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Steinmann J, Buer J, Rath PM, Paul A, Saner F. Invasive aspergillosis in two liver transplant recipients: diagnosis by SeptiFast. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 11:175-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Westendorf AM, Fleissner D, Groebe L, Jung S, Gruber AD, Hansen W, Buer J. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion induced by antigen-driven interaction with intestinal epithelial cells independent of local dendritic cells. Gut 2009; 58:211-9. [PMID: 18832523 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.151720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) have potential anti-inflammatory effects and are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the induction and expansion of T(regs) at sites of mucosal inflammation are not yet fully understood and may involve antigen presentation by local dendritic cells (DCs) and/or intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). METHODS To determine the unique ways in which the gut induces or expands T(regs), a transgenic mouse model that is based on the specific expression of a model autoantigen (influenza haemagglutinin (HA)) in the intestinal epithelium (VILLIN-HA) was used. Gut-associated DCs and IECs isolated from these mice were phenotypically and functionally characterised for the potential to interact with HA-specific T(regs) in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Intestinal self-antigen expression leads to peripheral expansion of antigen-specific CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(regs). Although gut-associated DCs can induce antigen-specific CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cell proliferation, in vivo depletion of DCs did not preclude proliferation of these cells. Interestingly, antigen presentation by primary IECs is sufficient to expand antigen-specific CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(regs) efficiently. This is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II, but, in contrast to DCs, is unlikely to require transforming growth factor beta and retinoic acid. CONCLUSION This study provides experimental evidence for a new concept in mucosal immunity: in contrast to current thinking, expansion of T(regs) can be achieved independently of local DCs through antigen-specific IEC-T cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Schrader AJ, Jeron A, Pfoertner S, Olbert PJ, Hegele A, Buer J, Hofmann R. Analysis of tegulatory T cells in renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Schrader AJ, Hegele A, Olbert P, Buer J, Jeron A, Hofmann R. [Application monitoring of the use of sorafenib in papillary renal cell carcinoma]. Urologe A 2007; 46:1291. [PMID: 17668165 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Schrader
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Baldingerstrasse, 35033 Marburg.
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Gereke M, Buer J, Bruder D. Alveolare Typ II Epithelzellen: Pneumozyten mit regulatorischen Eigenschaften. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Franzke A, Hunger JK, Dittmar KEJ, Ganser A, Buer J. Regulatory T-cells in the control of immunological diseases. Ann Hematol 2006; 85:747-58. [PMID: 16871392 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-006-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is challenged by randomly generated immune receptors that by chance can recognize self-antigens. Immunological tolerance functions as a fundamental concept in the control of a broad spectrum of immune responses not only to autoantigens but also to foreign antigens. During the past decade, CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) have emerged as key players in the development of immunological tolerance. This review will present an update on the current knowledge about the phenotype, function, and clinical relevance of this regulatory T-cell population. The therapeutical potential of Tregs to specifically suppress immune responses in autoimmunity and transplantation and their inhibitory effects in anti-tumor immune responses will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franzke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
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40
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Loser K, Hansen W, Apelt J, Balkow S, Buer J, Beissert S. In vitro-generated regulatory T cells induced by Foxp3-retrovirus infection control murine contact allergy and systemic autoimmunity. Gene Ther 2005; 12:1294-304. [PMID: 15973443 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are promising candidates for the modulation of inflammation and autoimmunity. To generate regulatory T cells in vitro, we have infected naïve CD4+CD25- T cells with a retrovirus encoding the transcription factor Foxp3. Foxp3-infected T cells are similar to naturally occurring regulatory T cells as evidenced by surface marker expression and function. To investigate the effects of Foxp3-infected T cells on contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses, sensitized mice were injected with Foxp3- or control virus-infected T cells. Only injection of Foxp3-infected T cells into sensitized mice significantly inhibited CHS compared to controls, indicating that Foxp3-infected T cells are suppressive in vivo. These findings prompted treatment of autoimmune-prone CD40L transgenic (tg) mice, which develop a severe systemic autoimmune disease including autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies, with Foxp3-infected T cells. Interestingly, injections of Foxp3-infected T cells into CD40L tg mice inhibited the ongoing development of autoimmune dermatitis and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Strikingly, treatment with Foxp3-infected T cells reduced serum concentrations of antinuclear antibodies in CD40L tg mice, which was paralleled with reduced renal immunoglobulin depositions and increased kidney function. Together, these findings indicate that newly in vitro-generated regulatory T cells can be successfully used to treat inflammatory and ongoing autoimmune disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Autoimmunity
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- Dermatitis, Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Contact/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Contact/therapy
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Kidney/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Animal
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Goelden U, Ukena SN, Pfoertner S, Hofmann R, Buer J, Schrader AJ. RAR-beta(1) overexpression in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: a novel target for therapeutic intervention? Exp Oncol 2005; 27:220-4. [PMID: 16244585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Retinoic acid (RA) has proven to possess modest but distinct activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), at least in a subgroup of patients. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to success or failure of RA application in individual patients are still unknown. As earlier studies have indicated that in RCC the RA receptor (RAR) beta might play a central role in RA signaling, we investigated the expression of the isoforms RAR-beta(1+2) in primary conventional and chromophobe RCC. METHODS We used quantitative RT-PCR methodology to study RAR-beta(1) and RAR-beta(2) expression in ten primary conventional RCC samples (clear cell type), in two chromophobe RCC specimens, and the respective corresponding normal kidney tissues. The housekeeping genes RPS9 and RPLP0 were applied to normalize differences in mRNA quality and quantity. RESULTS In contrast to conventional RCC samples, RAR-beta(1) was significantly overexpressed in both chromophobe tumors compared to the adjacent normal kidney tissue (p=0.03). On the contrary, RAR-beta(2) expression did neither differ significantly between conventional and chromophobe RCC (p=0.91) nor between malignant and normal kidney tissue (p>or=0.47). CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time a significant and specific overexpression of RAR-beta(1) in chromophobe RCC. In future we will have to confirm this result within a larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Goelden
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, German Research Center for Biotechnology (GBF), D38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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42
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Matussek A, Strindhall J, Stark L, Rohde M, Geffers R, Buer J, Kihlström E, Lindgren PE, Löfgren S. Infection of Human Endothelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus Induces Transcription of Genes Encoding an Innate Immunity Response. Scand J Immunol 2005; 61:536-44. [PMID: 15963048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium frequently isolated from patients with bloodstream infections. Endothelial cells (EC) play an important role in host defence against bacteria, and recent reports have shown that infection of EC with S. aureus induces expression of cytokines and cell surface receptors involved in activating the innate immune response. The ability of S. aureus to invade nonphagocytic cells, including EC, has been documented. However, the knowledge of the role of EC in pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is still limited. In this study, we investigate the gene-expression program in human EC initiated by internalized S. aureus, using microarray analysis. We found 156 genes that were differentially regulated at least threefold, using arrays representing 14,239 genes. Many of the upregulated genes code for proteins involved in innate immunity, such as cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion proteins. Other upregulated genes encode proteins involved in antigen presentation, cell signalling and metabolism. Furthermore, intracellular bacteria survived for days without inducing EC death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matussek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Sweden.
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Westendorf AM, Templin M, Geffers R, Deppenmeier S, Gruber AD, Probst-Kepper M, Hansen W, Liblau RS, Gunzer F, Bruder D, Buer J. CD4+ T cell mediated intestinal immunity: chronic inflammation versus immune regulation. Gut 2005; 54:60-9. [PMID: 15591505 PMCID: PMC1774349 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.037663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that chronic inflammatory bowel disease may be a consequence of antigen specific recognition by appropriate T cells which expand and induce immunopathology. AIMS We wished to investigate whether autoreactive CD4+ T cells can initiate the disease on recognition of enterocyte specific antigens directly and if induction of mucosal tolerance occurs. METHODS Transgenic mice (VILLIN-HA) were generated that showed specific expression of haemagglutinin from influenza virus A exclusively in enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate the impact of enterocyte specific haemagglutinin expression in an autoimmune environment, we mated VILLIN-HA mice with T cell receptor (TCR)-HA mice expressing an alpha/beta-TCR, which recognises an MHC class II restricted epitope of haemagglutinin, and analysed the HA specific T cells for induction of autoimmunity or tolerance. RESULTS In VILLIN-HAxTCR-HA mice, incomplete central deletion of HA specific lymphocytes occurred. Peripheral HA specific lymphocytes showed an activated phenotype and increased infiltration into the intestinal mucosa, but not into other organs of double transgenic mice. Enterocyte specific lamina propria lymphocytes showed a dose dependent proliferative response on antigen stimulation whereas the proliferative capacity of intraepithelial lymphocytes was reduced. Mucosal lymphocytes from VILLIN-HAxTCR-HA mice secreted lower amounts of interferon gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 but higher levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and IL-6. Mucosal immune reactions were accompanied by broad changes in the gene expression profile with expression of proinflammatory genes, but strikingly also a remarkable set of genes discussed in the context of peripheral induction of regulatory T cells, including IL-10, Nrp-1, and Foxp3. CONCLUSIONS Enterocyte specific antigen expression is sufficient to trigger a specific CD4+ T cell response leading to mucosal infiltration. In our model, progression to overt clinical disease was counteracted most likely by induction of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Westendorf
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Walter U, Scherbaum WA, Walter U, Buer J. MHC class II expression by beta cells in Type 1 diabetes: promoting or inhibiting the autoimmune process? A reply to D. W. R. Gray. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1641-2. [PMID: 15322750 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Satyanarayana A, Greenberg RA, Schaetzlein S, Buer J, Masutomi K, Hahn WC, Zimmermann S, Martens U, Manns MP, Rudolph KL. Mitogen stimulation cooperates with telomere shortening to activate DNA damage responses and senescence signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:5459-74. [PMID: 15169907 PMCID: PMC419883 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.12.5459-5474.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicative senescence is induced by critical telomere shortening and limits the proliferation of primary cells to a finite number of divisions. To characterize the activity status of the replicative senescence program in the context of cell cycle activity, we analyzed the senescence phenotypes and signaling pathways in quiescent and growth-stimulated primary human fibroblasts in vitro and liver cells in vivo. This study shows that replicative senescence signaling operates at a low level in cells with shortened telomeres but becomes fully activated when cells are stimulated to enter the cell cycle. This study also shows that the dysfunctional telomeres and nontelomeric DNA lesions in senescent cells do not elicit a DNA damage signal unless the cells are induced to enter the cell cycle by mitogen stimulation. The amplification of senescence signaling and DNA damage responses by mitogen stimulation in cells with shortened telomeres is mediated in part through the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These findings have implications for the further understanding of replicative senescence and analysis of its role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Bohn E, Müller S, Lauber J, Geffers R, Speer N, Spieth C, Krejci J, Manncke B, Buer J, Zell A, Autenrieth IB. Gene expression patterns of epithelial cells modulated by pathogenicity factors of Yersinia enterocolitica. Cell Microbiol 2004; 6:129-41. [PMID: 14706099 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells express genes whose products signal the presence of pathogenic microorganisms to the immune system. Pathogenicity factors of enteric bacteria modulate host cell gene expression. Using microarray technology we have profiled epithelial cell gene expression upon interaction with Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica wild-type and isogenic mutant strains were used to identify host genes modulated by invasin protein (Inv), which is involved in enteroinvasion, and Yersinia outer protein P (YopP) which inhibits innate immune responses. Among 22 283 probesets (14,239 unique genes), we found 193 probesets (165 genes) to be regulated by Yersinia infection. The majority of these genes were induced by Inv, whose recognition leads to expression of NF-kappa B-regulated factors such as cytokines and adhesion molecules. Yersinia virulence plasmid (pYV)-encoded factors counter regulated Inv-induced gene expression. Thus, YopP repressed Inv-induced NF-kappa B regulated genes at 2 h post infection whereas other pYV-encoded factors repressed host cell genes at 4 and 8 h post infection. Chromosomally encoded factors of Yersinia, other than Inv, induced expression of genes known to be induced by TGF-beta receptor signalling. These genes were also repressed by pYV-encoded factors. Only a few host genes were exclusively induced by pYV-encoded factors. We hypothesize that some of these genes may contribute to pYV-mediated silencing of host cells. In conclusion, the data demonstrates that epithelial cells express a limited number of genes upon interaction with enteric Yersinia. Both Inv and YopP appear to modulate gene expression in order to subvert epithelial cell functions involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bohn
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universität Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Kremenevskaja N, Lauber J, Buer J, Rao AS, Brabant G. FGF-2 and TIMP-3 are the target genes of β-catenin in thyroid carcinomas. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Walter U, Toepfer T, Dittmar KEJ, Kretschmer K, Lauber J, Weiss S, Servos G, Lechner O, Scherbaum WA, Bornstein SR, Von Boehmer H, Buer J. Pancreatic NOD beta cells express MHC class II protein and the frequency of I-A(g7) mRNA-expressing beta cells strongly increases during progression to autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 2003; 46:1106-14. [PMID: 12856083 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Revised: 03/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In the NOD mouse model, attempts to show MHC class II expression by pancreatic beta cells were unsuccessful so far. We readdressed this question by analysing I-A(g7) expression in single pancreatic beta cells. METHODS Single-cell multiplex RT PCR and single-cell immunofluorescence were used to study MHC class II expression in NOD and NOD/SCID beta cells. RESULTS Pancreatic beta cells from NOD mice express the I-A(g7) protein as well as the corresponding mRNA. The frequency of MHC class II mRNA-expressing beta cells is drastically increased during the progression to overt diabetes. MHC class II protein is accumulated intracellularly, and invariant chain is co-expressed. Beta cells from 9- to 10-week-old NOD/SCID mice express MHC class II at the same low frequency as beta cells from 3-week-old NOD mice. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION NOD beta cells express I-A(g7) and could be a direct target of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. This MHC class II expression is triggered by infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Walter
- Department of Cellbiology and Immunology, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Satyanarayana A, Wiemann SU, Buer J, Lauber J, Dittmar KEJ, Wüstefeld T, Blasco MA, Manns MP, Rudolph KL. Telomere shortening impairs organ regeneration by inhibiting cell cycle re-entry of a subpopulation of cells. EMBO J 2003; 22:4003-13. [PMID: 12881434 PMCID: PMC169040 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2002] [Revised: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 06/02/2003] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening limits the regenerative capacity of primary cells in vitro by inducing cellular senescence characterized by a permanent growth arrest of cells with critically short telomeres. To test whether this in vitro model of cellular senescence applies to impaired organ regeneration induced by telomere shortening in vivo, we monitored liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in telomerase-deficient mice. Our study shows that telomere shortening is heterogeneous at the cellular level and inhibits a subpopulation of cells with critically short telomeres from entering the cell cycle. This subpopulation of cells with impaired proliferative capacity shows senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, while organ regeneration is accomplished by cells with sufficient telomere reserves that are capable of additional rounds of cell division. This study provides experimental evidence for the existence of an in vivo process of cellular senescence induced by critical telomere shortening that has functional impact on organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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