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Hoogenboom LA, Polman TH, Neal GE, Verma A, Guyomard C, Tulliez J, Gautier JP, Coker RD, Nagler MJ, Heidenreich E, Delort-Laval J. Genotoxicity testing of extracts from aflatoxin-contaminated peanut meal, following chemical decontamination. Food Addit Contam 2001; 18:329-41. [PMID: 11339268 DOI: 10.1080/02652030119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important concerns in the decontamination of aflatoxin-containing feed commodities is the safety of the products for food-producing animals and for human consumption of products derived from these animals. A new method, based on the use of florisil and C18 solid phase extraction columns, was developed for the preparation of extracts from decontaminated peanut meal, which allowed testing with in vitro genotoxicity assays without interference of the residual aflatoxin B1. Recovery of degradation products in the extracts was evaluated by the use of radiolabelled [14C]-aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) added to naturally-contaminated peanut meal (3.5 mg AFB1/kg). The meal was treated by a small-scale version of an industrial decontamination process based on ammoniation. Following decontamination, more than 90% of the label could not be extracted from the meal. AFB1 accounted for about 10% of the radiolabel present in the extractable fraction, indicating a total AFB1 reduction of more than 99%. Decontamination of the meal by a number of other small- and industrial-scale ammonia-based processes resulted in similar efficiencies. Application of the extraction procedure resulted in AFB1-rich and AFB1-poor fractions, the latter containing half of the extractable decontamination products but less than 1% of the residual AFB1. Testing in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (TA 100, with S9-mix) of the original crude extracts and AFB1-rich fractions prepared from non-treated and decontaminated meal, showed the positive results expected from the AFB1 contents as determined by HPLC analysis. Analysis and testing of the AFB1-poor fractions showed that the various decontamination processes not only resulted in a successful degradation of AFB1 but also did not produce other potent mutagenic compounds. Slight positive results obtained with these extracts were similar for the untreated and treated meals and may be due to unknown compounds originally present in the meal. Results obtained with an unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and Comet assay with rat hepatocytes supported this conclusion. Positive results obtained with the micronucleus assay, using immortalized mouse hepatocytes (GKB), did not clearly reflect the mycotoxin levels and require further examination. It is concluded that the newly developed extraction procedure yields highly reproducible fractions and hence is very suitable for examining the possible formation of less potent degradation products of aflatoxins in short-term genotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hoogenboom
- State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT-DLO), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hoogenboom LA, Tulliez J, Gautier JP, Coker RD, Melcion JP, Nagler MJ, Polman TH, Delort-Laval J. Absorption, distribution and excretion of aflatoxin-derived ammoniation products in lactating cows. Food Addit Contam 2001; 18:47-58. [PMID: 11212547 DOI: 10.1080/02652030010009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut meal naturally contaminated with 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was spiked with radiolabelled AFB1 (meal 14C-I0) and decontaminated by a small-scale copy of an industrial ammoniation process (meal 14C-I1). During the process 15% of the radioactivity was lost, whereas 90% of the remaining radiolabel could not be extracted from the meal. In the extractable part, AFB1 accounted for 10% of the radiolabel, consistent with a total AFB1 reduction of more than 99%. No degradation products were observed in the extracts. Four lactating cows were fed with a diet containing 15% of either meal 14C-I0 or 14C-I1 for 10 days. On day 9 of this treatment, respectively 23 and 67% of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine and faeces of cows fed meal 14C-I0, as compared with 2 and 101% in the case of cows fed meal 14C-I1. Milk contained respectively 1.35 (meal 14C-I0) and 0.25% (meal 14C-I1) of the radiolabel. Milk samples taken during the equilibrium stage contained respectively 5 and 0.5 ng/ml of AFB1-derived compounds. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) accounted for 50-80% of these compounds in the case of milk from cows fed 14C-I0, as compared with 6-20% in the case of 14C-I1. AFB1 to AFM1 carry-over rates for 14C-I0 or 14C-I1 were estimated to be respectively 0.5 and 5.9%. Only liver and kidney samples contained detectable levels of the radiolabel, being respectively 260 and 37 micrograms/kg for cows fed meal 14C-I0, and 10 and 3 micrograms/kg for those fed meal 14C-I1. In the latter case, more than 55% of the radiolabel in the liver could not be extracted, as compared with 90% in the group fed meal 14C-I1. A small part of the extractable radiolabel in the livers of cows fed meal 14C-I0 could be attributed to AFB1 and AFM1 (less than 1% of total radioactivity). In the case of the animals fed 14C-I1 there were indications for the presence of AFB1 and AFM1 (6% of total radioactivity). Decontamination of the highly contaminated (non-radiolabelled) peanut meal by two different industrial ammoniation processes, resulted in a similar reduction of the initial AFB1 levels of 3.5 mg/kg to 15 micrograms/kg. Feeding of diets containing 15% of the non-treated and two treated peanut meals to cows for a period of 10 days, resulted in AFM1 levels in milk of respectively 2.1, 0.04 and 0.07 ng/ml. AFB1 to AFM1 carry-over rates were calculated to be respectively 0.5, 2.0, and 3.6%. It is concluded that the efficient reduction of aflatoxin levels by ammoniation of contaminated peanut meal results in a strong reduction of aflatoxin-related residues in milk and meat of cows, most likely caused by a decreased bioavailability of the degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hoogenboom
- State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT), Bornsesteeg 45, 6708PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cherbut C, Bruley des Varannes S, Schnee M, Rival M, Galmiche JP, Delort-Laval J. Involvement of small intestinal motility in blood glucose response to dietary fibre in man. Br J Nutr 1994; 71:675-85. [PMID: 8054323 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19940175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three dietary fibres with different physicochemical properties were studied in healthy humans for their effects on small intestinal motility and postprandial hyperglycaemia. Duodeno-jejunal motor activity was evaluated electromyographically for 180 min in six subjects who had ingested a test meal composed of glucose alone or glucose with 15 g of wheat bran (WB), sugar beet (SB) or ispaghula (I) fibres. Glucose and insulin concentrations were determined during the same period. Each subject received each of the four test meals randomly during a 4 d period. Addition of SB or I to the glucose meal altered duodeno-jejunal motility. Both of these fibres inhibited stationary contractile activity and increased the propagation length and velocity of propagated activity, whereas addition of WB had no effect. These results could reflect the high water-holding capacity of SB and I. Blood glycaemic response to the glucose meal was reduced by SB and I but remained unchanged with WB. Postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with the total motility index (r 0.82) and stationary activity (r 0.79). Taken together, these observations suggest that the contractile activity induced by dietary fibre in the small intestine probably plays a major role in delayed glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cherbut
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
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Leclère CJ, Champ M, Boillot J, Guille G, Lecannu G, Molis C, Bornet F, Krempf M, Delort-Laval J, Galmiche JP. Role of viscous guar gums in lowering the glycemic response after a solid meal. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59:914-21. [PMID: 7818627 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/59.4.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how guar gum viscosity acts on starch digestion and glucose absorption in humans. Six healthy subjects received a mixed diet composed of 60.4% carbohydrate in the form of maize glucose or pregelatinized starch, to which was added 5.6% low- or high-viscosity guar gums. Meals were ingested or instilled in the duodenum and postprandial insulin and glucose responses were monitored for 3 h. Infusion of meals containing glucose showed that the delay in the diffusion rate to the duodenal mucosa due to bolus viscosity was not significant. Infusion of meals containing starch showed that a decrease in the digestion rate of starch in the upper small intestine accounted for part of the effect of viscosity on glycemic response, whereas the main effect of guar gum was apparently to slow gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Leclère
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
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Leclère CJ, Champ M, Boillot J, Guille GM, Lecannu G, Molis C, Bornet F, Krempf M, Delort-Laval J, Galmiche JP. Viscous guar gums lower glycemic responses after a solid meal: mode of action. Am J Clin Nutr 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/59.3.776s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CJ Leclère
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - Martine Champ
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - J Boillot
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - GM Guille
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - G Lecannu
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - C Molis
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - F Bornet
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - M Krempf
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - J Delort-Laval
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
| | - J-P Galmiche
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratorie de Technologie Appliqué à la Nutrition, Nantes; Groupe Fonctions Digestives et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Nantes; Service des Procédés d'Enrichissement et d'Analyse, Section d'Analyse et d'Instrumentation Spectroscopique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay; Laboratoire de Diabétologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1,
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Salvador V, Cherbut C, Barry JL, Bertrand D, Bonnet C, Delort-Laval J. Sugar composition of dietary fibre and short-chain fatty acid production during in vitro fermentation by human bacteria. Br J Nutr 1993; 70:189-97. [PMID: 8399101 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the disappearance of dietary fibre sugars and the production of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The bacterial degradation of five dietary fibres whose sugars were quantified was investigated in vitro using a human faecal inoculum. Involvement of the main fibre sugars in SCFA production was evaluated by a stepwise multiple linear regression. The results show first that the nature and chiefly the associations between the fibre sugars were key variables in the fermentability. Second, the nature and the amounts of SCFA produced were closely related to the in vitro fermentation of the main sugars available: uronic acids seemed to be principally involved in the production of acetic acid whereas the production of propionic acid could be promoted by the fermentation of glucose and, to a lesser extent, by that of xylose and arabinose. Xylose tended to have a greater impact than uronic acids and glucose on the production of butyric acid. Thus, it would be possible to predict which SCFA could be specifically produced during the fermentation of a fibre, as far as the chemical composition and structure of this fibre are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salvador
- INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Applied Technology, Nantes, France
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Cherbut C, Ferre JP, Corpet DE, Ruckebusch Y, Delort-Laval J. Alterations of intestinal microflora by antibiotics. Effects on fecal excretion, transit time, and colonic motility in rats. Dig Dis Sci 1991; 36:1729-34. [PMID: 1748042 DOI: 10.1007/bf01296617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intragastric antibiotics in rats were examined on fecal microflora and excretion and through transit time and cecocolonic myoelectric activity. A solution of nonabsorbable antibiotics infused into the stomach for 20 days had a dramatic effect on the quantity, composition, and bacterial content of rat feces. Both the dry weight and the water content of feces were increased. The amount of short-chain fatty acids in the feces was dramatically lowered. However, neither total nor cecocolonic transit time of solids was affected. The cyclic organization of cecocolonic myoelectric activity was altered by antibiotic treatment, and the motility index, ie, the quantity of myoelectric activity recorded on the colon, progressively increased. An infusion of short-chain fatty acids modified this motor pattern but did not restore activity to a level comparable to that of control animals. In conclusion, intragastric antibiotics dramatically reduced intestinal microflora and increased fecal excretion of dry matter and water but did not affect the transit time of solid gut contents, although they did influence cecocolonic motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cherbut
- Laboratory of Applied Technology and Nutrition, INRA, Nantes, France
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Cherbut C, Salvador V, Barry JL, Doulay F, Delort-Laval J. Dietary fibre effects on intestinal transit in man: involvement of their physicochemical and fermentative properties. Food Hydrocoll 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Auffret A, Barry JL, David A, Bonnet C, Delort-Laval J. Colonic fermentation of an indigestible carbohydrate (Polydextrose®): interest and limits of a faecal batch incubation system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19910342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Champ M, Berot S, Kozlowski F, Lecannu G, Delort-Laval J. Volatile fatty acid production from lupin meal in the caecum of the rat: the role of cell wall polysaccharides and α-galactosides. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90020-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cherbut C, Barry J, Wyers M, Delort-Laval J. Effect of the nature of dietary fibre on transit time and faecal excretion in the growing pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(88)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Szylit O, Durand M, Borgid L, Atinkpahoun H, Prieto F, Delort-Laval J. Raw and steam-pelleted cassava, sweet potato and yam cayenensis as starch sources for ruminant and chicken diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(78)90025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Borgida LP, Durand M, Delort-Laval J. Processing maize and urea efficiency: in vitro evaluation and growth trial in kids. Proc Nutr Soc 1973; 32:83A-84A. [PMID: 4791080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hladik CM, Hladik A, Bousset J, Valdebouze P, Viroben G, Delort-Laval J. [Diet of primates on Barro-Colorado Island (Panama). Results of quantitative analysis]. Folia Primatol (Basel) 1971; 16:85-122. [PMID: 5004243 DOI: 10.1159/000155393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Food samples representing the natural diet of 4 species of New World monkeys have been analyzed. The results, integrated according to field observations, show clear differences between species, especially in the manner of balancing amino-acids composition and proportion of reducing glucids. The ‘complementary fraction’ of these diets mostly correlates feeding behavior which involves, for certain species, detection of foodstuffs spread over large home ranges, following conditioning by soluble components.
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Hladik CM, Charles-Dominique P, Valdebouze P, Delort-Laval J, Flanzy J. [Caecotrophy in a phyllophagous primate of the genus Lepilemur and correlations with the peculiarities of its digestive system]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1971; 272:3191-4. [PMID: 4997909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Delort-Laval J, Viroben G. [Percentage and availability of lysine and tyrosine in proteins protected by certain tanning substances (formaldehyde, tanning extract of chestnut wood) against deamination in the middle of the rumen]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1969; 269:1558-61. [PMID: 4989899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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