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Vorilhon S, Brugnon F, Kocer A, Dollet S, Bourgne C, Berger M, Janny L, Pereira B, Aitken RJ, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P, Drevet J, Pons-Rejraji H. Accuracy of human sperm DNA oxidation quantification and threshold determination using an 8-OHdG immuno-detection assay. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:553-562. [PMID: 29579272 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can a discriminant threshold be determined for human sperm DNA oxidation? SUMMARY ANSWER A discriminant threshold was found with 65.8% of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-positive sperm cells and a mean intensity of fluorescence (MIF) of 552 arbitrary units. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Oxidative stress is known to interfere with sperm quality and fertilizing capacity. However, current practice does not include the routine determination of oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa; optimized consensus protocols are lacking and no thresholds of normality have been established. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Intra- and inter-method comparisons between four protocols (I-IV) were conducted to determine the most relevant and efficient means of assessing human sperm 8-OHdG content. Tests of assay repeatability, specificity, sensitivity and stability were performed to validate an optimized methodology for routine diagnostic use. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This prospective study compared three immuno-detection methods including immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Sperm DNA oxidation for 80 patients was determined relative to semen parameters and clinical conditions, using the selected immuno-detection protocol in comparison with a commercial kit. These patients (age 35 ± 1 years: mean ± SEM) presented with normozoospermic (n = 40) or altered parameters (necro- or/and astheno- or/and teratozoospermia or/and leukocytospermia). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant positive Pearson and Spearman correlations were determined for 8-OHdG values and sperm parameters using protocol III. A notable high and positive correlation was revealed for MIF with BMI and leukocyte concentration. Protocol III was the most discriminating method regarding assay repeatability, specificity, sensitivity, stability and reliability for sperm parameter alterations, in particular leukocytospermia according to parametric or non-parametric tests, effect-size determinations and factorial analysis such as principal component analysis and factor discriminant analysis. Of interest is that 39% of the subjects with 'pathological' sperm DNA oxidation values were normozoospermic. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The oligozoospermic population was not evaluated in this study because insufficient material was available to carry out the comparisons. However, spermatozoa concentration was taken into account in the statistical analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study is the first validation of a protocol to determine a discriminant threshold for human sperm DNA oxidation. The protocol's detection accuracy for 8-OHdG human sperm DNA residues, stability over time, and relationship to human sperm quality were demonstrated. The assay should find application in the diagnosis of male factor infertility associated with oxidative stress. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by institutional grants from the CNRS, INSERM and Université Clermont Auvergne (to J.R.D.) and by Clermont-Ferrand Hospital-CECOS research funds (to L.J. and F.B.). P.G., A.M., R.J.A. and J.D. are, respectively, CEO, scientific director and scientific advisors of a US-based biotech company (Celloxess, Princeton, NJ, USA) involved in preventative medicine with a focus on the generation of antioxidant oral supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vorilhon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Brugnon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Dollet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Bourgne
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Berger
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Janny
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, 'Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation', Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A Moazamian
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - P Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - J Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H Pons-Rejraji
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Shindell DT, Faluvegi G, Stevenson DS, Krol MC, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF, Pétron G, Dentener FJ, Ellingsen K, Schultz MG, Wild O, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S, Unger N, van Noije TPC, Zeng G. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dentener F, Stevenson D, Ellingsen K, Van Noije T, Schultz M, Amann M, Atherton C, Bell N, Bergmann D, Bey I, Bouwman L, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins B, Drevet J, Doherty R, Eickhout B, Eskes H, Fiore A, Gauss M, Hauglustaine D, Horowitz L, Isaksen ISA, Josse B, Lawrence M, Krol M, Lamarque JF, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Peuch VH, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rast S, Rodriguez I, Sanderson M, Savage NH, Shindell D, Strahan S, Szopa S, Sudo K, Van Dingenen R, Wild O, Zeng G. The global atmospheric environment for the next generation. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:3586-94. [PMID: 16786698 DOI: 10.1021/es0523845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Air quality, ecosystem exposure to nitrogen deposition, and climate change are intimately coupled problems: we assess changes in the global atmospheric environment between 2000 and 2030 using 26 state-of-the-art global atmospheric chemistry models and three different emissions scenarios. The first (CLE) scenario reflects implementation of current air quality legislation around the world, while the second (MFR) represents a more optimistic case in which all currently feasible technologies are applied to achieve maximum emission reductions. We contrast these scenarios with the more pessimistic IPCC SRES A2 scenario. Ensemble simulations for the year 2000 are consistent among models and show a reasonable agreement with surface ozone, wet deposition, and NO2 satellite observations. Large parts of the world are currently exposed to high ozone concentrations and high deposition of nitrogen to ecosystems. By 2030, global surface ozone is calculated to increase globally by 1.5 +/- 1.2 ppb (CLE) and 4.3 +/- 2.2 ppb (A2), using the ensemble mean model results and associated +/-1 sigma standard deviations. Only the progressive MFR scenario will reduce ozone, by -2.3 +/- 1.1 ppb. Climate change is expected to modify surface ozone by -0.8 +/- 0.6 ppb, with larger decreases over sea than over land. Radiative forcing by ozone increases by 63 +/- 15 and 155 +/- 37 mW m(-2) for CLE and A2, respectively, and decreases by -45 +/- 15 mW m(-2) for MFR. We compute that at present 10.1% of the global natural terrestrial ecosystems are exposed to nitrogen deposition above a critical load of 1 g N m(-2) yr(-1). These percentages increase by 2030 to 15.8% (CLE), 10.5% (MFR), and 25% (A2). This study shows the importance of enforcing current worldwide air quality legislation and the major benefits of going further. Nonattainment of these air quality policy objectives, such as expressed by the SRES-A2 scenario, would further degrade the global atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dentener
- Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, via E. Fermi 1, 1-21020, Ispra, Italy.
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Stevenson DS, Dentener FJ, Schultz MG, Ellingsen K, van Noije TPC, Wild O, Zeng G, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bell N, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Krol MC, Lamarque JF, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Shindell DT, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The Agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt), a cytokinin biosynthetic gene, was placed under the control of 1.9 kb of promoter sequence from the 2S albumin AT2S1 gene isolated from an Arabidopsis thaliana library. The construct was introduced into canola (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). ipt transcripts were followed during embryo development of transgenic plants by northern hybridizations. The phenotype of transformed plants from the T1 generation was analysed and we observed an increased branching of inflorescences in tobacco and canola plants expressing the ipt gene. Comparing with controls, the average number of capsules and siliques in AT2S1-ipt plants was 82.6 and 24.8% higher, respectively. This result was correlated with an increase in cytokinin levels in transgenic plants, as revealed by RIA. Indeed, cytokinin contents of T1 AT2S1-ipt B. napus seeds were found 2.2-fold higher than cytokinin contents of control seeds, and T1 AT2S1-ipt N. tabacum capsules contained 2.6-fold more cytokinins than control capsules. In tobacco, the average seed weight per capsule was lower in AT2S1-ipt plants while the seed number per silique and the average seed weight were not modified in canola carrying this construct. The average seed yield per plant was not significantly increased in AT2S1-ipt tobacco or canola plants.
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MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics
- Albumins/genetics
- Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
- Antibodies, Bacterial
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Brassica/genetics
- Chimera/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Library
- Genetic Vectors
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Plants, Toxic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Radioimmunoassay
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transferases/genetics
- Transferases/immunology
- Transformation, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roeckel
- Laboratoire associé Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, Organisation et Variabilité des Génomes Végétaux, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Durand B, Drevet J, Couble P. P25 gene regulation in Bombyx mori silk gland: two promoter-binding factors have distinct tissue and developmental specificities. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:5768-77. [PMID: 1448104 PMCID: PMC360516 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.12.5768-5777.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the silk protein P25 is expressed in the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori with strict territorial and developmental specificities. The cis-acting regulatory elements previously located within the 441-bp 5' proximal sequence of the gene were examined for protein-binding capacities. We identified two factors, BMFA and SGFB, that lead to prominent band shifts and the target sites for which are included in a region homologous to the fibroin gene enhancer sequence. Analysis of the tissue-specific incidence of both factors showed that BMFA is ubiquitous, whereas SGFB is restricted to the silk gland cells. However, SGFB was found in both posterior and middle silk gland cells and therefore likely directs organ-specific, but not territory-specific, expression. Developmental studies throughout the fourth larval molt, at which the P25 gene status changes from derepressed to repressed, revealed that BMFA is reversibly modified at the transition from intermolt to molt. Indeed, the preexisting BMFA is replaced by a structurally related factor, BMFA', during the 2 h following head capsule apolysis. The exact temporal coincidence of this conversion with the onset of gene repression suggests that BMFA' is involved in transcription inactivation and likely results from a transduction process initiated by the hormonal change at molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Durand
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 106, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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