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Huie JR, Ferguson AR, Kyritsis N, Pan JZ, Irvine KA, Nielson JL, Schupp PG, Oldham MC, Gensel JC, Lin A, Segal MR, Ratan RR, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS. Machine intelligence identifies soluble TNFa as a therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3442. [PMID: 33564058 PMCID: PMC7873211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) produces a complex syndrome that is expressed across multiple endpoints ranging from molecular and cellular changes to functional behavioral deficits. Effective therapeutic strategies for CNS injury are therefore likely to manifest multi-factorial effects across a broad range of biological and functional outcome measures. Thus, multivariate analytic approaches are needed to capture the linkage between biological and neurobehavioral outcomes. Injury-induced neuroinflammation (NI) presents a particularly challenging therapeutic target, since NI is involved in both degeneration and repair. Here, we used big-data integration and large-scale analytics to examine a large dataset of preclinical efficacy tests combining five different blinded, fully counter-balanced treatment trials for different acute anti-inflammatory treatments for cervical spinal cord injury in rats. Multi-dimensional discovery, using topological data analysis (TDA) and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that only one showed consistent multidimensional syndromic benefit: intrathecal application of recombinant soluble TNFα receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which showed an inverse-U dose response efficacy. Using the optimal acute dose, we showed that clinically-relevant 90 min delayed treatment profoundly affected multiple biological indices of NI in the first 48 h after injury, including reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of a coherent complex of acute inflammatory mediators and receptors. Further, a 90 min delayed bolus dose of sTNFR1 reduced the expression of NI markers in the chronic perilesional spinal cord, and consistently improved neurological function over 6 weeks post SCI. These results provide validation of a novel strategy for precision preclinical drug discovery that is likely to improve translation in the difficult landscape of CNS trauma, and confirm the importance of TNFα signaling as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Huie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A R Ferguson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
| | - N Kyritsis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Z Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - K-A Irvine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J L Nielson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - P G Schupp
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - M C Oldham
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - J C Gensel
- SCoBIRC, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - A Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M R Segal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - R R Ratan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - J C Bresnahan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M S Beattie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Haefeli J, Mabray MC, Whetstone WD, Dhall SS, Pan JZ, Upadhyayula P, Manley GT, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS, Ferguson AR, Talbott JF. Multivariate Analysis of MRI Biomarkers for Predicting Neurologic Impairment in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:648-655. [PMID: 28007771 PMCID: PMC5671488 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute markers of spinal cord injury are essential for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between early MR imaging biomarkers after acute cervical spinal cord injury and to evaluate their predictive validity of neurologic impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 95 patients with acute spinal cord injury and preoperative MR imaging within 24 hours of injury. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale was used as our primary outcome measure to define neurologic impairment. We assessed several MR imaging features of injury, including axial grade (Brain and Spinal Injury Center score), sagittal grade, length of injury, maximum canal compromise, and maximum spinal cord compression. Data-driven nonlinear principal component analysis was followed by correlation and optimal-scaled multiple variable regression to predict neurologic impairment. RESULTS Nonlinear principal component analysis identified 2 clusters of MR imaging variables related to 1) measures of intrinsic cord signal abnormality and 2) measures of extrinsic cord compression. Neurologic impairment was best accounted for by MR imaging measures of intrinsic cord signal abnormality, with axial grade representing the most accurate predictor of short-term impairment, even when correcting for surgical decompression and degree of cord compression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of applying nonlinear principal component analysis for defining the relationship between MR imaging biomarkers in a complex clinical syndrome of cervical spinal cord injury. Of the assessed imaging biomarkers, the intrinsic measures of cord signal abnormality were most predictive of neurologic impairment in acute spinal cord injury, highlighting the value of axial T2 MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haefeli
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - M C Mabray
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., J.F.T.)
| | - W D Whetstone
- Emergency Medicine (W.D.W.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - S S Dhall
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - J Z Pan
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.Z.P.), University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - P Upadhyayula
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - G T Manley
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - J C Bresnahan
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - M S Beattie
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
| | - A R Ferguson
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (J.H., S.S.D., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F.) .,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.).,San Francisco VA Medical Center (A.R.F.), San Francisco, California
| | - J F Talbott
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., J.F.T.).,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (J.H., W.D.W., S.S.D., J.Z.P., P.U., G.T.M., J.C.B., M.S.B., A.R.F., J.F.T.)
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Zhou ZH, Wang JF, Wang YD, Qiu YH, Pan JZ, Xie W, Jiang LY, Klein B, Zhang XG. An agonist anti-human CD40 monoclonal antibody that induces dendritic cell formation and maturation and inhibits proliferation of a myeloma cell line. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1999; 18:471-8. [PMID: 10626675 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1999.18.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a 48-50 KD cell membrane molecule, member of the nerve growth factor receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is an important costimulatory molecule during the immune response. Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MAb) has been shown earlier to costimulate with IgM or phorbol esters resting B cells to proliferate, differentiate, secrete immunoglobulins, and switch isotype. Here we report on an agonistic mouse anti-human CD40 MAb 5C11. The specificity of this MAb was verified by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and competition with anti-CD40 MAb 89. We studied the effects of MAb 5C11 on a multimyeloma cell line, XG2, that expresses the CD40 antigen strongly and found that this MAb caused the homotypic aggregation of XG2, strongly suppressed XG2 proliferation, and led to its apoptosis after 24 hr of treatment. Interestingly, MAb 5C11 also triggered the generation, proliferation, and maturation of dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes, either by itself or in combination with GM-CSF and IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, PR China
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Pan JZ, Halton DW, Shaw C, Maule AG, Johnston CF. Serotonin and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the intramolluscan stages of three marine trematode parasites. Parasitol Res 1994; 80:388-95. [PMID: 7971925 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique interfaced with confocal scanning laser microscopy, whole-mount preparations of three genera of marine trematode larvae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Cercaria emasculans and Himasthla leptosoma, were screened for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and selected neuropeptide immunoreactivities (IRs). IRs for pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and FMRFamide were found in the central nervous systems of the three species of cercariae, immunostaining the paired ganglia and central commissure and the longitudinal nerve cords, with slight differences in both distribution and intensity of IRs being observed for the different antisera used. PP, PYY and FMRFamide IRs were evident in both central and peripheral components of the nervous system in the rediae of C. lingua. 5-HT IR was confined to the peripheral nervous systems of the cercariae of C. emasculans and the rediae of C. lingua, appearing in the form of a network of immunoreactive fibres and associated large cell bodies. A moderate substance P IR was observed in the nervous system of the cercariae of C. lingua. The patterns of immunostaining described were compared with those obtained using antiserum directed to the C-terminal decapeptide amide of neuropeptide F (NPF), a native parasitic peptide from the cestode Moniezia expansa. Results demonstrated that serotoninergic and peptidergic components were present in the nervous systems of all of the trematode larvae studied and that some, if not all, of the IR for PP, PYY and FMRFamide was due to the presence of a trematode NPF homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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