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Kim JS, Yoo JM, Park JSE, Kim J, Kim SG, Seok YJM, Son JH, Kim HJ. Anti‑angiogenic effect of mountain ginseng in vitro and in vivo: Comparison with farm‑cultivated ginseng. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:615. [PMID: 34225442 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) has been used for cancer patient therapy in Northeast Asia. Although it is well known that cancer cells are able to induce angiogenesis, the effect of mountain ginseng on angiogenesis is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether ethanolic extract of mountain ginseng (MGE) could inhibit angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo models. In comparison with farm‑cultivated ginseng extract (FGE), MGE more strongly inhibited cell migration and formation of capillary‑like network within non‑cytotoxic ranges in SVEC4‑10 cells. In addition, MGE dose‑dependently suppressed Transwell cell migration of the cells. Moreover, MGE reduced the phosphorylation and expression of VEGF‑R2 as well as the phosphorylation of FAK, Src, Akt and ERK, the intermediate proteins in the VEGF‑R2 signaling cascade, in the cells. As expected, MGE dramatically decreased hemoglobin content in Matrigel plugs in mice. In conclusion, MGE possesses stronger anti‑angiogenic properties than FGE in vascular endothelial cells. Such effect of MGE is correlated with inhibition of activation of the VEGF‑R2 signaling pathway. Therefore, the novel features of MGE may be helpful for understanding its anticancer mechanism for the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jungeun Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Gun Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Mi Seok
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Son
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
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Seok YM, Yoo JM, Nam Y, Kim J, Kim JS, Son JH, Kim HJ. Mountain ginseng inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing muscle RING finger protein-1 and atrogin1 through forkhead box O3 in L6 myotubes. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113557. [PMID: 33161026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a medicinal herb with immune effects, muscle damage protection and energy metabolism effects. However, the pharmacological role of mountain ginseng in dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced muscle atrophy through the forkhead box O (FOXO) family is not understood. Therefore, we hypothesized that mountain ginseng inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing muscle RING finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and atrogin1 through FOXO3 in L6 myotubes. METHODS Rat myoblast (L6) cells or Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to DEXA and mountain ginseng. The expressions of muscle atrophy targets such as MuRF1, atrogin1, MyHC (myosin heavy chain), HSP90, p-Akt, Akt, p-ERK1/2, ERK, FOXO3a, FOXO1, myostatin, and follistatin were analyzed by using Western blot analysis or real-time PCR. The diameter of myotubes was measured. Recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) or FOXO3a was analyzed by performing a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Mountain ginseng treatment reduced muscle weight loss and collagen deposition in DEXA-induced rats. Mountain ginseng treatment led to decreases in MuRF1, atrogin1, p-ERK1/2, FOXO3a, FOXO1, and myostatin. Also, mountain ginseng treatment led to increases in the diameter of myotubes, MyHC, HSP90, p-Akt, and follistatin. Treatment with mountain ginseng reduced enrichment of GR, FOXO3a, and RNA polymerase II on the promoters. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mountain ginseng inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing MuRF1 and atrogin1 through FOXO3a in L6 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Seok
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonju Nam
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Ho Son
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea.
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Kim A, Lee SK, Parupudi T, Rahimi R, Song SH, Park MC, Islam S, Zhou J, Majumdar AK, Park JS, Yoo JM, Ziaie B. An Ultrasonically Powered Implantable Microprobe for Electrolytic Ablation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32001732 PMCID: PMC6992771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytic ablation (EA) is a promising nonthermal tumor ablation technique that destroys malignant cells through induction of a locoregional pH change. EA is typically performed by inserting needle electrodes inside the tumor followed by application of direct current (DC), thus inducing electrolysis and creating localized pH changes around the electrodes. In this paper, we report an ultrasonically powered implantable EA microprobe that may increase the clinical relevance of EA by allowing wireless control over device operation (capability to remotely turn the device on and off) and providing flexibility in treatment options (easier to administer fractionated doses over a longer period). The wireless EA microprobe consists of a millimeter-sized piezoelectric ultrasonic receiver, a rectifier circuit, and a pair of platinum electrodes (overall size is 9 × 3 × 2 mm3). Once implanted through a minimally invasive procedure, the microprobe can stay within a solid tumor and be repeatedly used as needed. Ultrasonic power allows for efficient power delivery to mm-scale devices implanted deep within soft tissues of the body. The microprobe is capable of producing a direct current of 90 µA at a voltage of 5 V across the electrodes under low-intensity ultrasound (~200 mW/cm2). The DC power creates acidic (pH < 2) and alkaline (pH > 12.9) regions around the anode and the cathode, respectively. The pH change, measured using tissue-mimicking agarose gel, extends to 0.8 cm3 in volume within an hour at an expansion rate of 0.5 mm3/min. The microprobe-mediated EA ablative capability is demonstrated in vitro in cancer cells and ex vivo in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - S K Lee
- Jubilee Biotechnology LLC, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - T Parupudi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R Rahimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - S H Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M C Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - S Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - J Zhou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - A K Majumdar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - J S Park
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J M Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - B Ziaie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Shin SK, Yoo JM, Li FY, Baek SY, Kim MR. Mulberry fruit improves memory in scopolamine-treated mice: role of cholinergic function, antioxidant system, and TrkB/Akt signaling. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:940-950. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1696613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Kyung Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Ohjeong Agricultural Products Inspection Office, Division of Food and Drug Research, Institute of Health and Environment in Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fu Yi Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Yoo JM, Baek SY, Kim MR. Anti-dermatitic effect of fermented ginseng extract including rich compound K through inhibiting activation of macrophage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1845-1852. [PMID: 31807358 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fermented ginseng extract by Lactobacillus brevis (FGE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated dermatitis in mice. FGE showed better anti-inflammatory activities than ginseng extract on the formation of nitric monooxide, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 within non-cytotoxicity range in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, FGE reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase through inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Consistent with in vitro experiments, FGE dose-dependently suppressed ear edema, and formation of TNF-α and IL-6, and it (50 mg/mL) significantly enhanced IL-10 level in ear tissues of TPA-treated mice. In conclusions, FGE has anti-dermatitic activity through inhibiting the activation of macrophages. Such effects of FGE are associated with suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, the features of FGE may provide the information for its application for therapy and prevention of dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea.,2Nutrition Team, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- 3Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Baek
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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You BR, Yoo JM, Baek SY, Kim MR. Anti-inflammatory effect of aged black garlic on 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced dermatitis in mice. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:189-195. [PMID: 31214286 PMCID: PMC6548713 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although aged black garlic has various biological activities such as anti-allergy, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection, effect of aged black garlic on chemically contact dermatitis is unclarified. MATERIALS/METHODS To evaluate anti-dermatitic activity of aged black garlic extract, we investigated effects of a fraction of aged black garlic extract (BG10) on both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS BG10 almost inhibited formation of nitric monoxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6; IC50, 7.07 µg/mL) at 25 µg/mL, and dose-dependently reduced production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; IC50, 52.07 µg/mL) and prostaglandin E2 (IC50, 38.46 µg/mL) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, BG10 significantly inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear NF-κB, and improved that of cytosolic levels of NF-κB and IκBα in the cells. Consistent with in vitro studies, BG10 (0.5 mg/mL) not only reduced ear edema but also suppressed the formation of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in ear tissues of mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest BG10 has anti-dermatitic activity through inhibiting activation of macrophages. Therefore, such effects of BG10 may provide information for the application of aged black garlic for prevention and therapy of contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Yoo JM, Park KI, Yang JH, Cho WK, Lee B, Ma JY. Anti-allergic actions of F-PASA, a novel herbal cocktail, in IgE/antigen-mediated allergic responses in RBL-2H3 cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Phytomedicine 2019; 55:229-237. [PMID: 30668433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory actions of Polygonum cuspidatum, Angelica gigas, Sophora flavescens and Arctium fruit are well known. Nonetheless, effects of herbal combination (PASA) or its fermentation by microorganisms (F-PASA) on the allergic response remain unknown. PURPOSE We investigated whether PASA or F-PASA could inhibit IgE/antigen complex (IgE/Ag)-mediated allergic responses. METHODS To evaluate and compare anti-allergic actions of PASA and F-PASA, we performed cell viability, β-hexosaminidase activity, ELISA assays for cytokines and eicosanoids, immunoblot analysis, HPLC analysis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models. RESULTS F-PASA had stronger anti-degranulation actions (IC50, 510.9 µg/ml) than PASA (IC50, 1,261 µg/ml) without cytotoxicity until 2000 µg/ml in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, F-PASA inhibited formation of tumor necrosis factor-α (IC50, 147.4 µg/ml), interleukin-4 (IC50, 213.4 µg/ml), prostaglandin D2 (IC50, 42.40 µg/ml) and leukotriene C4 (IC50, 157.9 µg/ml). Moreover, F-PASA dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of proteins that are related to the FcεRI and arachidonate cascades. Consistent with in vitro studies, F-PASA from 25 to 100 mg/kg also suppressed IgE/Ag-induced PCA reaction more than PASA did in mice. In phytochemical analysis, using PASA and F-PASA, F-PASA showed a higher level of emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, whereas the level of arctiin, an artigenin glycoside, was reduced compared with that using PASA. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that F-PASA, including both artigenin and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, possesses stronger anti-allergic properties. Therefore, F-PASA may be useful as a functional food or as a phytomedicine for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyoung Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Viscum coloratum has been used as a component for traditional medicine for therapy of inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, effect of Viscum coloratum on inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether the ethanol extract of Viscum coloratum (VCE) could suppress inflammatory responses in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice and mast cell-derived inflammatory mediator (MDIM)-activated Caco-2 cells. VCE significantly attenuated body weight loss, shortened colon length, enteric epithelium disruption, enterorrhagia and colonic edema in DSS-treated mice. Additionally, VCE decreased the levels of immunoglobulin E, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] in serum and the activity of myeloperoxidase in colonic tissue. Moreover, VCE inhibited the infiltration of immune cells as well as the activity and expression of both matrix metalloprotease-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9. Furthermore, VCE restored zonula occludens-1 expression. Consistent with in vivo studies, VCE suppressed the activity and expression of matrix metalloprotease-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9 in MDIM-activated Caco-2 cells. In addition, VCE reinstated the expression of zonula occludens-1 through inhibiting activation of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the cells. In conclusion, VCE exerts anticolitic action through inhibiting the activation of mast cells. Therefore, VCE may be useful as a phytomedicine or functional food for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Yoo JM, Park KI, Cho WK, Ma JY. Inhibitory effect of lappaol A on IgE/antigen-mediated allergic responses in in vitro and in vivo models. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Yoo JM, Lee JY, Lee YG, Baek S, Kim MR. Enhanced production of compound K in fermented ginseng extracts by Lactobacillus brevis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:823-829. [PMID: 31093440 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to establish the best condition and microorganism for preparation of fermented ginseng including rich compound K. When raw ginseng parts were incubated with various microorganisms, there was an increase in compound K at 5 days in all samples fermented by Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) and Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from kimchi. Especially, ginseng fine roots fermented with L. brevis (FR-B) included higher levels of compound K, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities compared with other products. Conclusionally, these results indicate that the optimum condition for providing rich compound K product in fermented ginseng is ginseng fine roots are fermented with L. brevis for 5 days. Additionally, with FR-B there was greater improvement in physiochemical properties than with other products. Such information may be helpful for the manufacture of fermented ginseng including rich compound K as well as for understanding the biological features of fermented ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- 1Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea.,3Nutrition Service Team, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gu Lee
- 4Department of Liberal Arts, Paichai University, Daejeon, 35345 Republic of Korea
| | - SeongYeon Baek
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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Yang JH, Yoo JM, Lee E, Lee B, Cho WK, Park KI, Ma JY. Corrigendum to "Anti-inflammatory effects of Perillae Herba ethanolic extract against TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 211 (2018) 217-223]. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 213:445. [PMID: 29239729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyoung Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea.
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Yang JH, Yoo JM, Lee E, Lee B, Cho WK, Park KI, Yeul Ma J. Anti-inflammatory effects of Perillae Herba ethanolic extract against TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 211:217-223. [PMID: 28970155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Perillae Herba is a perennial plant that is widely distributed throughout Asia. The leaves of Perillae Herba have been widely used to treat various diseases, such as cold due to wind-cold, headache, cough, abdominal fullness, distention, and fish and crab poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of Perillae Herba leaf ethanolic extract (PHE) in human keratinocytes, we measured the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced mRNA expression and production of proinflammatory chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokines; regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; interleukin (IL)-6; and IL-8 in HaCaT cells. We evaluated the ability of PHE to decrease the expression of proinflammatory marker proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), STAT-1, and NK-κB, using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS PHE inhibited activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT-1 and NK-κB in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. PHE also suppressed chemokine mRNA and protein levels in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. PHE appears to regulate chemokine formation by inhibiting activation of MAPK, as well as the STAT-1 and NK-κB pathways. CONCLUSIONS PHE suppresses the expression and production of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated proinflammatory chemokines by blocking NF-κB, STAT-1, and MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyoung Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo JM, Lee BD, Lee SJ, Ma JY, Kim MR. Anti-Apoptotic Effect ofN-Palmitoyl Serotonin on Glutamate-Mediated Apoptosis Through Secretion of BDNF and Activation of TrkB/CREB Pathway in HT-22 Cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine-Application Center; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Daegu 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Dam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chungnam National University; 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chungnam National University; 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine-Application Center; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Daegu 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chungnam National University; 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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Kim DG, Lee MR, Yoo JM, Park KI, Ma JY. Fermented herbal formula KIOM-MA-128 protects against acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:354. [PMID: 28679372 PMCID: PMC5499052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis is a well-known subtype of inflammatory bowel disease and is caused by diverse factors. Previous research has shown that KIOM-MA elicits anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects on various diseases. KIOM-MA-128, our novel herbal formula, was generated from KIOM-MA using probiotics to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We investigated whether KIOM-MA-128 has protective activity in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). METHODS Colitis was induced by DSS administered to ICR mice in drinking water. KIOM-MA-128 (125 or 250 mg/kg) was orally administered once per day. The body weights of the mice were measured daily, and colonic endoscopies were performed at 5 and 8 days. Colon length as well as histological and cytokine changes were observed at the end of drug administration. RESULTS KIOM-MA-128 has pharmacological activity in an acute colitis model. KIOM-MA-128 reduced the loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) and inhibited the abnormally short colon lengths and the colonic damage in this mouse model of acute colitis. Moreover, KIOM-MA-128 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and maintained the integrity of the tight junctions during DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSION The results indicated that KIOM-MA-128 protects against DSS-induced colitis in mice and suggested that this formula might be a candidate treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gun Kim
- Korea Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Lee
- Korea Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korea Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korea Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yeul Ma
- Korea Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
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Yoo JM, Lee BD, Sok DE, Ma JY, Kim MR. Neuroprotective action of N-acetyl serotonin in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of both TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and Akt/Nrf2/Antioxidant enzyme in neuronal cells. Redox Biol 2017; 11:592-599. [PMID: 28110215 PMCID: PMC5247570 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) as a melatonin precursor has neuroprotective actions. Nonetheless, it is not clarified how NAS protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress. Recently, we have reported that N-palmitoyl serotonins possessed properties of antioxidants and neuroprotection. Based on those, we hypothesized that NAS, a N-acyl serotonin, may have similar actions in oxidative stress-induced neuronal cells, and examined the effects of NAS based on in vitro and in vivo tests. NAS dose-dependently inhibited oxidative stress-induced cell death in HT-22 cells. Moreover, NAS suppressed glutamate-induced apoptosis by suppressing expression of AIF, Bax, calpain, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3, whereas it enhanced expression of Bcl-2. Additionally, NAS improved phosphorylation of tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as well as expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), whereas the inclusion of each inhibitor of JNK, p38 or Akt neutralized the neuroprotective effect of NAS, but not that of ERK. Meanwhile, NAS dose-dependently reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced the level of glutathione in glutamate-treated HT-22 cells. Moreover, NAS significantly increased expression of heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit as well as nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor-2. Separately, NAS at 30 mg/kg suppressed scopolamine-induced memory impairment and cell death in CA1 and CA3 regions in mice. In conclusion, NAS shows actions of antioxidant and anti-apoptosis by activating TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and expression of antioxidant enzymes in oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, such effects of NAS may provide the information for the application of NAS against neurodegenerative diseases. NAS protects apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in neuronal cells. NAS exerts an antioxidant property in neuronal cells. NAS improves activation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in neuronal cells. NAS enhances activation of Akt/Nrf2/Antioxidant enzyme pathway in neuronal cells. NAS recovers memory and neuronal cells in scopolamine-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Dam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Eun Sok
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yuel Ma
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo JM, Yang JH, Kim YS, Yang HJ, Cho WK, Ma JY. Inhibitory Effects of Viscum coloratum Extract on IgE/Antigen-Activated Mast Cells and Mast Cell-Derived Inflammatory Mediator-Activated Chondrocytes. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010037. [PMID: 28036032 PMCID: PMC6155826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and infiltration of mast cells are found in osteoarthritic lesions in humans and rodents. Nonetheless, the roles of mast cells in osteoarthritis are almost unknown. Although Viscum coloratum has various beneficial actions, its effect on allergic and osteoarthritic responses is unknown. In this study, we established an in vitro model of mast cell-mediated osteoarthritis and investigated the effect of the ethanol extract of Viscum coloratum (VEE) on IgE/antigen (IgE/Ag)-activated mast cells and mast cell-derived inflammatory mediator (MDIM)-stimulated chondrocytes. The anti-allergic effect of VEE was evaluated by degranulation, inflammatory mediators, and the FcεRI signaling cascade in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. The anti-osteoarthritic action of VEE was evaluated by cell migration, and the expression, secretion, and activity of MMPs in MDIM-stimulated SW1353 cells. VEE significantly inhibited degranulation (IC50: 93.04 μg/mL), the production of IL-4 (IC50: 73.28 μg/mL), TNF-α (IC50: 50.59 μg/mL), PGD2 and LTC4, and activation of the FcεRI signaling cascade in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, VEE not only reduced cell migration but also inhibited the expression, secretion, and/or activity of MMP-1, MMP-3, or MMP-13 in MDIM-stimulated SW1353 cells. In conclusion, VEE possesses both anti-allergic and anti-osteoarthritic properties. Therefore, VEE could possibly be considered a new herbal drug for anti-allergic and anti-osteoarthritic therapy. Moreover, the in vitro model may be useful for the development of anti-osteoarthritic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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Yang JH, Yoo JM, Cho WK, Ma JY. Anti-inflammatory effects of Sanguisorbae Radix water extract on the suppression of mast cell degranulation and STAT-1/Jak-2 activation in BMMCs and HaCaT keratinocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:347. [PMID: 27599590 PMCID: PMC5011966 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Sanguisorbae Radix (SR) is a well-known herbal medicine used to treat inflammatory disease and skin burns in Asia. In addition, it is used to treat many types of allergic skin diseases, including urticaria, eczema, and allergic dermatitis. SR has been reported to exhibit anti-wrinkle, anti-oxidant, and anti-contact dermatitis bioactivities. Methods In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of SR water extract (WSR) using human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and BALB/c mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Viability assays were used to evaluate non-cytotoxic concentrations of WSR in both BMMCs and HaCaT cells. To investigate the effect of WSR treatment on the degranulation of IgE/Ag-activated BMMCs, we measured the release of β-hexosaminidase (β-HEX). We determined the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines including thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES; CCL5), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC; CCL22), and interleukin 8 (IL-8; CXCL8) in stimulated human keratinocytes. The ability of WSR to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory marker proteins was evaluated by Western blotting in HaCaT cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ. Result WSR inhibited IgE/Ag-activated mast cell degranulation in BMMCs. Treatment with various concentrations of WSR decreased β-HEX release in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 27.5 μg/mL. In keratinocytes, WSR suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced chemokine production and pro-inflammatory molecules via a blockade STAT-1, Jak-2, p38, and JNK activation. Conclusions This results demonstrate that WSR inhibits degranulation of IgE/Ag-activated mast cells and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines by suppressing the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in HaCaT cells.
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Jeon HL, Yoo JM, Lee BD, Lee SJ, Sohn EJ, Kim MR. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Actions of N-Arachidonoyl Serotonin in RAW264.7 Cells. Pharmacology 2016; 97:195-206. [DOI: 10.1159/000443739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yoo JM, Sok DE, Kim MR. Anti-allergic action of aged black garlic extract in RBL-2H3 cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:92-102. [PMID: 24456359 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used as a food as well as a component of traditional medicine. Aged black garlic (ABG) is known to have various bioactivities. However, the effect of ABG on allergic response is almost unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether ABG can inhibit immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells as well as in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). In in vitro tests, ethyl acetate extract (EBG) of ABG significantly inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC₅₀, 1.53 mg/mL) and TNF-α (IC₅₀, 0.98 mg/mL). Moreover, BG10, an active fraction of EBG, dramatically suppressed the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC₅₀, 53.60 μg/mL) and TNF-α (IC₅₀, 27.80 μg/mL). In addition, BG10 completely blocked the formation of prostaglandin E₂ and leukotriene B₄ at ≥25 μg/mL. When the effect of BG10 on FcɛRI receptor cascade was investigated, BG10 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk, but not Lyn. Furthermore, BG10 dose dependently decreased the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Consistent with what has been mentioned earlier, BG10 also significantly inhibited the PCA reaction in mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that ABG suppresses the allergic response, and the mechanism for its anti-allergic action may involve suppressions of Syk, cPLA₂, 5-LO, and COX-2. The anti-allergic actions of ABG, EBG, or BG10 suggest that they may be useful as functional foods for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
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Yoo JM, Kim NY, Seo JM, Kim SJ, Lee SY, Kim SK, Kim HD, Lee SW, Kim MR. Inhibitory effects of mulberry fruit extract in combination with naringinase on the allergic response in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:469-77. [PMID: 24336971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic action of mulberry fruit extract (MFE) or MFE in combination with naringinase (MFEN) in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells, and investigated the mechanisms responsible for the anti-allergic effects of MFEN. β-hexosaminidase release assay was used to measure the amount of β-hexosaminidase released from the cells, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We found that MFE significantly reduced the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC(50), 10.59 mg/ml) and TNF-α (IC(50), 4.87 mg/ml). Moreover, MFEN enhanced the inhibitory effects on the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC(50), 123.10 µg/ml) and TNF-α (IC(50), 65.01 µg/ml). Furthermore, MFEN had no cytotoxicity at the concentration range used to exert the anti-allergic effects. In addition, we evaluated the effects of MFEN on the formation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. MFEN markedly reduced the formation of PGD(2) (IC(50), 6.47 µg/ml) and LTC(4) (IC(50), 0.31 µg/ml), but not LTB(4) (IC(50), 25.75 µg/ml). In mechanistic analyses, we measured the phosphorylation of Syk, Lyn and Fyn by immunoblot analysis. MFEN significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk, but not that of Lyn or Fyn. MFEN also suppressed the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)γ1/2, protein kinase C (PKC)δ, linker for activation of T cells (LAT), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2, JNK, GRB2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, cytosolic phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase, as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. In conclusion, these results suggest that MFEN exerts potent inhibitory effects on allergic response through the suppression of the activation of the FcεRI signaling cascade. Our data demonstrating the anti-allergic effects of MFEN may provide further insight into the therapeutic application of MFEN or its use as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Seo
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Don Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), RDA, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), RDA, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen MD, Nguyen DH, Yoo JM, Myung PK, Kim MR, Sok DE. Effect of endocannabinoids on soybean lipoxygenase-1 activity. Bioorg Chem 2013; 49:24-32. [PMID: 23856367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids appear to be involved in a variety of physiological processes. Lipoxygenase activity has been known to be affected by unsaturated fatty acids or phenolic compounds. In this study, we examined whether endocannabinoids containing both N-acyl group and phenolic group can affect the activity of soybean lipoxygenase (LOX)-1, similar to mammalian 15-lipoxygenase in physicochemical properties. First, N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-oleoyl dopamine were found to inhibit soybean LOX-1-catalyzed oxygenation of linoleic acid in a non-competitive manner with a Ki value of 3.7 μM and 6.2 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, other endocannabinoids failed to show a remarkable inhibition of soybean LOX-1. Separately, N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serotonin were observed to inactivate soybean LOX-1 with Kin value of 27 μM and 24 μM, respectively, and k3 value of 0.12 min(-1) and 0.35 min(-1), respectively. Furthermore, such an inactivation was enhanced by ascorbic acid, but suppressed by 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid. Taken together, it is proposed that endocannabinoids containing polyunsaturated acyl moiety and phenolic group may be efficient for the inhibition as well as inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Duc Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Yoo JM, Sok DE, Kim MR. Effect of endocannabinoids on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:123-31. [PMID: 23731947 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, some endocannabinoids were reported to show anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. In this respect, various arachidonoyl endocannabinoids were screened for the inhibition of allergic response in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Among arachidonoyl endocannabinoids with a low cytotoxicity, only NA-5HT remarkably inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC(50), 13.58 μM), a marker of degranulation, and tumor necrosis factor-α (IC(50), 12.52 μM), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, NA-5HT markedly suppressed the formation of prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) with IC(50) value of 1.27 μM and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) with IC(50) value of 1.20 μM, and slightly LTC4. When effect of NA-5HT on early stage of FcεRI cascade was investigated, it significantly inhibited phosphorylation of Syk, but not Lyn. Furthermore, NA-5HT suppressed phosphorylation of PLCγ1/2 and PKCδ, related to degranulation process, as well as phosphorylation of LAT, ERK1/2, p38, JNK, Gab2, PI3K and Akt, implicated in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Relative to its effect on the late stage, NA-5HT slightly reduced phosphorylation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Additionally, NA-5HT significantly reduced the level of p40(phox), and partially inhibited the expression of p47(phox) and p67(phox). From these results, it is suggested that NA-5HT expresses anti-allergic action by suppressing the activation of Syk, LAT, p38, JNK, PI3K and Akt, as well as the expression of ERK1/2 and NADPH oxidase subunits. Further, a strong inhibition of PGD(2) or LTB(4) biosynthesis by NA-5HT may be an additional mechanism for its anti-allergic action. Such anti-allergic actions of NA-5HT may contribute to further information about its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Park ES, Yoo JM, Yoo HS, Yoon DY, Yun YP, Hong J. IL-32γ enhances TNF-α-induced cell death in colon cancer. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53 Suppl 1:E23-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seok Park
- Division of Life Science; Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Health and Biomedical Science; Konkuk University; Chungju Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy; Institute of Drug Research and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejon Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Bio/Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - JinTae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
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Park ES, Yoo JM, Lim Y, Tudev M, Yoo HS, Hong JT, Yun YP. Inhibitory effects of docetaxel on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through blocking PDGF-receptor β phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:204-13. [PMID: 21685708 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10276fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arterial wall is an important pathogenic factor for vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of docetaxel on VSMC proliferation, as well as the molecular mechanism of this inhibition. Docetaxel at 10, 20 and 40 µM significantly inhibited both the proliferation and the DNA synthesis of fetal bovine serum (FBS)- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. In accordance with these findings, docetaxel blocked the FBS- and PDGF-BB-induced progression of synchronized cells through the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Docetaxel also decreased the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, cyclin E, CDK4, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma protein, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Docetaxel significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, and phospholipase C-γ1, downstream molecule in the PDGF-BB signaling pathway. Docetaxel suppressed the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) β, the upstream molecule in PDGF-BB signaling cascade, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on the proliferation of VSMCs may occur by blocking PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation. Thus, docetaxel may be a potential antiproliferative agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and angioplasty restenosis.[Supplementary Figures: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.10276FP].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Park
- College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Korea
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25
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Burenjargal M, Lee YS, Yoo JM, Choi MH, Ji SY, Lee YM, Kim YC, Oh SK, Yun YP, Yoo HS. Dihydroceramide was Highly Elevated by the Fumonisin B 1and Desipramine in Sphingomonas chungbukensis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2008.16.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Mitsutake S, Yokose U, Kato M, Matsuoka I, Yoo JM, Kim TJ, Yoo HS, Fujimoto K, Ando Y, Sugiura M, Kohama T, Igarashi Y. The generation and behavioral analysis of ceramide kinase-null mice, indicating a function in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:519-24. [PMID: 17888878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of ceramide kinase (CerK), which phosphorylates ceramide (Cer) to ceramide 1-phisphate (C1P), established a new pathway for Cer metabolism. Among mouse tissues, brain contains the highest CerK activity. In this study, we found that CerK is highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Since Purkinje cells are important for motor-related behaviors, we generated CerK-null mice and performed behavioral analyses. The CerK-null mice were healthy, and displayed no histological abnormalities. The mice lost CerK activity completely, suggesting that CerK is the only enzyme that phosphorylate Cer. However, cellular C1P levels were not different between the CerK-null and wild-type mice, indicating the presence of other C1P-producing pathway. The general motor-coordination was not impaired in the CerK-null mice, but emotional behavior was slightly affected. Our findings suggest that CerK is not necessary for survival at an individual level, but might be involved in higher brain function related to emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Mitsutake
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
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27
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Kim YH, Choi MY, Kim YS, Park CH, Lee JH, Chung IY, Yoo JM, Choi WS, Cho GJ, Kang SS. Triamcinolone acetonide protects the rat retina from STZ-induced acute inflammation and early vascular leakage. Life Sci 2007; 81:1167-73. [PMID: 17881007 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been commonly used to induce in vivo and in vitro hyperglycemic diabetes and its toxicity leads to inflammation and vascular injury. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), as an anti-angiogenic/anti-inflammatory drug, is clinically used to improve the visual acuity in neovascular and edematous ocular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TA on early inflammation and vascular leakage in the retina of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg); only rats with blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/l 1 day after STZ injection were included in STZ-hyperglycemic group. Sex- and age-matched SD rats injected with buffer were used as the control group. One day before STZ and buffer injection, 2 microl TA (4 mg/ml in saline) and 2 microl saline were intravitreal-injected into the right and the left eyes of rats, respectively. Retinal vascular leakage was measured using the Evans-blue method. Changes in pro-inflammatory target genes, such as tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-alpha, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by immunoblottings, immunostaining, and ELISA analyses. Vascular hyperleakage and up-regulation of most pro-inflammatory genes peaked within a few days after STZ injection and had recovered. However, these changes were blocked by TA pretreatment. Our data suggest that TA controls STZ-induced early vascular leakage and temporary pro-inflammatory signals in the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-751, South Korea
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28
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Kim YH, Chung IY, Choi MY, Kim YS, Lee JH, Park CH, Kang SS, Roh GS, Choi WS, Yoo JM, Cho GJ. Triamcinolone suppresses retinal vascular pathology via a potent interruption of proinflammatory signal-regulated activation of VEGF during a relative hypoxia. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 26:569-76. [PMID: 17434742 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a corticosteroid, on the relationship between vascular pathophysiology and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activation in the retina of a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). OIR was induced by exposure of hyperoxia (80% oxygen) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats from P2 to P14 and then returned to normoxic conditions. TA was intravitreal-injected once into the right eye of OIR rats at P15. Effects of TA on vascular pathophysiology or changes of various genes in response to hypoxia and/or proinflammation under hypoxic retina were assessed by the Evans-blue method, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) infusion, immunoblotting, and ELIZA. TA not only reduced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage in the OIR-rat retina, but also blocked the induction of hypoxia-response proinflammatory genes before it negatively controlled VEGF activation. These findings suggest a potential that TA suppresses retinal neovascular pathophysiology via proinflammation-mediated activation of VEGF during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong 92, Jinju, Gyungnam 660-751, South Korea
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29
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Burenjargal M, Lee YS, Yoo JM, Kim YC, Lee YM, Oh S, Yun YP, Hong JT, Chung YB, Moon DC, Yoo HS. Endogenous sphingolipid metabolites related to the growth inSphingomonas chungbukensis. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:317-22. [PMID: 17424937 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are present in animals, plants, fungi, yeasts and some bacteria. In mammalian cells sphingolipids act as lipid mediators for cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In contrast, in bacteria the biological significance of sphingolipids has not been fully elucidated and sphingolipid metabolism has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of sphingolipid metabolites in HIT-T15 beta cells originating from hamster pancreas to that in the bacterial strain Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77, under various culture conditions. It was found that the concentration of cellular sphinganine (Sa) in S. chungbukensis was higher than that of sphingosine (So), while the level of cellular So in HIT-T15 cells was higher than that of Sa. Aeration and shaking during culture increased bacterial growth in S. chungbukensis, and the contents of So and Sa were also elevated. These results indicate that a de novo sphingolipid pathway appeared to be active in bacteria and that bacterial growth may be closely related to Sa levels.
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30
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Yoo JM, Lee YS, Choi HK, Lee YM, Hong JT, Yun YP, Oh S, Yoo HS. Protection of LLC-PK1 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death by modulation of ceramide level. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:311-8. [PMID: 15832819 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported to elevate ceramide level during cell death. The purpose of the present study was to modulate cell death in relation to cellular glutathione (GSH) level and GST (glutathione S-transferase) expression by regulating the sphingolipid metabolism. LLC-PK1 cells were treated with H2O2 in the absence of serum to induce cell death. Subsequent to exposure to H2O2, LLC-PK1 cells were treated with desipramine, sphingomyelinase inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), GSH substrate. Based on comparative visual observation with H2O2-treated control cells, it was observed that 0.5 microM of desipramine and 25 mM of NAC exhibited about 90 and 95% of cytoprotection, respectively, against H2O2-induced cell death. Desipramine and NAC lowered the release of LDH activity by 36 and 3%, respectively, when compared to 71% in H2O2-exposed cells. Cellular glutathione level in 500 microM H2O2-treated cells was reduced to 890 pmol as compared to control level of 1198 pmol per mg protein. GST P1-1 expression was decreased in H2O2-treated cells compared to healthy normal cells. In conclusion, it has been inferred that H2O2-induced cell death is closely related to cellular GSH level and GST P1-1 expression in LLC-PK1 cells and occurs via ceramide elevation by sphingomyelinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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31
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Kim JH, Kim JE, Kim HJ, Roh GS, Yoo JM, Kang SS, Cho YY, Cho GJ, Choi WS. Ethanol decreases the expression of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase mRNA in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2001; 305:107-10. [PMID: 11376895 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the molecular and cellular bases of effects of ethanol on the brain, we utilized a differential display-polymerase chain reaction. Several cDNA fragments were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of control vs. ethanol-treated rats. One of these genes was homologous to the rat mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase mRNA. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of this message in the whole hippocampus was clearly lower after ethanol treatment. Using in situ hybridization, we also found that cytochrome c oxidase mRNA expression, especially in the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampal regions, was significantly decreased by ethanol treatment. As cytochrome c oxidase is related to oxidative stress, the present study suggests that ethanol might affect the brain through modulation of an oxidative stress reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong 92, Chinju, 660-751, Kyungnam, South Korea
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Abstract
The high risk of occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel are well accepted throughout the world. There are few reports concerning occupational skin disease in dental personnel in Korea. The purposes of this study were to investigate the frequency, characteristics and causative factors of contact dermatitis in Korean dental technicians. Recording of personal history, physical examination and patch tests with the Korean standard series and dental screening series were performed in 49 dental technicians. Most of the subjects were exposed to a variety of compounds, including acrylics, metals, plaster, alginate, etc. 22 (44.9%) subjects had contact dermatitis, present or past, and the site involved was the hand in all 22. The most common clinical feature of hand dermatitis was itching (77.3%); scaling, fissuring and erythema were other common clinical features. Metals, including potassium dichromate (24.5%), nickel sulfate (18.4%), mercury ammonium chloride (16.3%), cobalt chloride (12.2%) and palladium chloride (10.2%), showed high positive rates in patch test results of 49 dental technicians. 7 positive reactions to the various acrylics were found in 3 subjects. In our study, the frequency and clinical features of the contact dermatitis showed a similarity to other reports, though the patch test results were somewhat different; a higher patch-positive reaction to metals and a relatively lower patch-positive reaction to acrylics than the patch test results reported in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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