1
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Hasan MS, Wang Y, Feugang JM, Zhou H, Liao SF. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes and their functional annotation in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle affected by dietary lysine restriction. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233292. [PMID: 38026666 PMCID: PMC10668494 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary lysine restriction on the global gene expression profile of skeletal muscle in growing pigs. Twelve crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) barrows (initial BW 22.6 ± 2.04 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (LDD: a lysine-deficient diet; LAD: a lysine-adequate diet) according to a completely randomized experiment design (n = 6). After feeding for 8 weeks, skeletal muscle was sampled from the longissimus dorsi of individual pigs. The muscle total RNA was isolated and cDNA libraries were prepared for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The RNA-Seq data obtained was then analyzed using the CLC Genomics Workbench to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 80 genes (padj ≤ 0.05) were differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the pigs fed LDD vs. LAD, of which 46 genes were downregulated and 34 genes were upregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs (padj ≤ 0.05) for functional annotation identified those GO terms that are mostly associated with the molecular functions of structural molecules and metabolic enzymes (e.g., oxidoreductase and endopeptidase), biological process of acute-phase response, and amino acid metabolism including synthesis and degradation in the extracellular matrix region. Collectively, the results of this study have provided some novel insight regarding the molecular mechanisms of muscle growth that are associated with dietary lysine supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shengfa F. Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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2
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Gebremedhn S, Gad A, Ishak GM, Menjivar NG, Gastal MO, Feugang JM, Prochazka R, Tesfaye D, Gastal EL. Dynamics of extracellular vesicle-coupled microRNAs in equine follicular fluid associated with follicle selection and ovulation. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:7059535. [PMID: 36852862 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innumerable similarities in reproductive cyclicity and hormonal alterations highlight the considerable utility of the mare to study aspects of follicular dynamics and reproductive function in view of the largely constricted, human research subjects. The bi-directional communication between the growing oocyte and the surrounding somatic cells embodies the hallmark of mammalian follicular development, partially mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) encapsulated with microRNAs (miRNAs) and present in the follicular fluid (FF). Here, we aimed to decipher the dynamics of the miRNAs in EVs from equine FF aspirated in vivo during different stages of follicular development, namely, predeviation (PreDev; 18-20 mm), deviation (Dev; 22-25 mm), postdeviation (PostDev; 26-29 mm), preovulatory (PreOV; 30-35 mm), and impending ovulation (IMP; ∼40 mm). Approximately 176 known miRNAs were found in all groups with 144 mutually detected among all groups. Cluster analysis exhibited 15 different expression patterns during follicular development. Among these patterns, a group of 22 miRNAs (including miR-146b-5p, miR-140, and miR-143) exhibited a sharp reduction in expression from the PreDev until the PreOV stage. Another cluster of 23 miRNAs (including miR-106b, miR-199a-5p, and miR-125a-5p) exhibited a stable expression pattern at the PreDev stage until the PostDev stage, with a significant increase at the PreOV stage followed by a significant decrease at the IMP stage. In conclusion, this study provides greater insights into the stage-specific expression dynamics of FF EV-miRNAs during equine follicular development, which may propose novel approaches to improve ART and provide new biomarkers to facilitate the assessment of ovarian pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Genus Plc, DeForest, WI, 53532, USA
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghassan M Ishak
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq.,Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Radek Prochazka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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3
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Feugang JM, Ishak GM, Eggert MW, Arnold RD, Rivers OS, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL. Intrafollicular injection of nanomolecules for advancing knowledge on folliculogenesis in livestock. Theriogenology 2022; 192:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ishak GM, Feugang JM, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Peterson DG, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL. Follicular-fluid proteomics during equine follicle development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:298-311. [PMID: 35762042 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The complex composition of the follicular fluid (FF), the intimate proximity to the oocyte, and the continual changes in their composition have a major effect on folliculogenesis and oogenesis. To date, the profiling of FF proteomes during follicle selection, development, and ovulation has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, a shotgun proteomics approach and bioinformatics analyses were used to profile the proteomes of equine FF harvested in vivo from follicles at the following development stages: predeviation (18-20 mm), deviation (22-25 mm), postdeviation (26-29 mm), preovulatory (30-35 mm), and impending ovulation. A total of 294 proteins were detected in FF (FDR <1%), corresponding to 65 common proteins and 124, 142, 167, 132, and 142 proteins in the predeviation, deviation, postdeviation, preovulatory, and impending ovulation groups, respectively. The higher expression of properdin and several other proteins belonging to the complement system during the deviation time and ovulation suggested their contribution in the selection of the future dominant follicle and ovulation. Apolipoprotein A-1 and antithrombin-III appeared to be important throughout folliculogenesis. The "complement and coagulation cascades" was the major KEGG pathway across all stages of follicle development. The significant expression of several proteins belonging to the serine-type endopeptidase indicated their likely contribution to follicle and oocyte development. Our data provide an extensive description and functional analyses of the equine FF proteome during follicle selection, development, and ovulation. This information will help improve understanding of the ovarian function and ovulatory dysfunctions and might serve as a reference for future biomarker discovery for oocyte quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Ishak
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Liao SF, Hasan S, Stevens AW, Yang Z, Feugang JM, Peng Z. PSIV-B-20 A fecal arsenic excretion pattern in pigs fed arsenic-containing rice bran. J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab235.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rice bran is a common feed/food stuff for animals and humans; however, it usually contains a substantial amount of arsenic that is a class-I, non-threshold carcinogen to humans. This study was to investigate the fecal arsenic excretion pattern from the pigs fed an arsenic-containing rice bran. Twenty growing gilts (26.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (n = 6 or 7) with Diets I, II, and III containing 0, 36.7, and 73.5% rice bran, and 0, 306, and 612 ppb arsenic, respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks, and fresh fecal samples were collected on Days 0, 14, 28, and 42 post-treatments. Fecal arsenic concentrations were analyzed using an ICP-MS protocol standardized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Tobit statistical model was employed for data analysis because some censored values were obtained from the laboratory sample analysis. Results (Table 1) showed that there were no differences in fecal arsenic concentrations from Day 0 through 42 post-treatment in pigs fed Diet I (a control diet). Nevertheless, the fecal arsenic concentration was increased significantly (P < 0.05) on Days 14 and 28 when compared to Day 0 post-treatment with Diet II (a moderate level of rice bran inclusion), and it was further increased (P < 0.05) on Day 42 post-treatment. The fecal arsenic excretion pattern in pigs fed Diet III (a high level of rice bran inclusion) was the same as that in pigs fed Diet II. The dietary treatment effects on fecal arsenic excretion were already reported previously. In short, the results of this study suggest that the fecal arsenic excretion is increased in the first 4 weeks and then further increased around the 6th week since the start of feeding arsenic-containing rice bran. This further increase may be due to the saturation of arsenic retention in pig body.
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Rubessa M, Feugang JM, Kandel ME, Schreiber S, Hessee J, Salerno F, Meyers S, Chu I, Popescu G, Wheeler MB. High-throughput sperm assay using label-free microscopy: morphometric comparison between different sperm structures of boar and stallion spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106509. [PMID: 32828395 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The capacity for microscopic evaluation of sperm is useful for assisted reproductive technologies (ART), because this can allow for specific selection of sperm cells for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The objective of this study was to analyze the same sperm samples using two high-resolution methods: spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine if with one method there was more timely and different information obtained than the other. To address this objective, there was evaluation of sperm populations from boars and stallions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported comparison when using AFM and high-sensitivity interferometric microscopy (such as SLIM) to evaluate spermatozoa. Results indicate that with the use of SLIM microscopy there is similar nanoscale sensitivity as with use of AFM while there is approximately 1,000 times greater throughput with use of SLIM. With SLIM, there is also allowace for the measurement of the dry mass (non-aqueous content) of spermatozoa, which may be a new label-free marker for sperm viability. In the second part of this study, there was analysis of two sperm populations. There were interesting correlations between the different compartments of the sperm and the dry mass in both boars and stallions. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the dry mass of the sperm head and the length and width of the acrosome in both boars and stallions. This correlation is positive in boars while it is negative in stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Rubessa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mikhail E Kandel
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, USA
| | - Sierra Schreiber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jade Hessee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Francesca Salerno
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sascha Meyers
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Iwei Chu
- Institute for Imaging & Analytical Technologies, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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7
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Paes VM, de Figueiredo JR, Ryan PL, Willard ST, Feugang JM. Comparative Analysis of Porcine Follicular Fluid Proteomes of Small and Large Ovarian Follicles. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9050101. [PMID: 32429601 PMCID: PMC7285177 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular fluid is widely used for in vitro oocyte maturation, but its in-depth characterization to extract full beneficial effects remains unclear. Here, we performed both shotgun (nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry or nanoLC-MS/MS) and gel-based (two dimension-differential in-gel electrophoresis or 2D-DIGE) proteomics, followed by functional bioinformatics to compare the proteomes of follicular fluids collected from small (<4 mm) and large (>6-12 mm) follicles of pig ovaries. A total of 2321 unique spots were detected with the 2D-DIGE across small and large follicles, while 2876 proteins with 88% successful annotations were detected with the shotgun approach. The shotgun and 2D-DIGE approaches revealed about 426 and 300 proteins that were respectively common across samples. Six proteins detected with both technical approaches were significantly differently expressed between small and large follicles. Pathways such as estrogen and PI3K-Akt signaling were significantly enriched in small follicles while the complement and coagulation cascades pathways were significantly represented in large follicles. Up-regulated proteins in small follicles were in favor of oocyte maturation, while those in large follicles were involved in the ovulatory process preparation. Few proteins with potential roles during sperm-oocyte interactions were especially detected in FF of large follicles and supporting the potential role of the ovarian FF on the intrafallopian sperm migration and interaction with the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Paes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, CEP, 60740 903 Fortaleza, Brazil;
| | - José R. de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, CEP, 60740 903 Fortaleza, Brazil;
| | - Peter L. Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Scott T. Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; (V.M.P.); (P.L.R.); (S.T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-325-7567; Fax: +662-325-8873
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8
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Paes VM, Lima LF, Ferreira ACA, Lobo CH, Alves BG, Rodrigues APR, Oliveira AC, Figueiredo JR, Feugang JM. The subtle balance of insulin and thyroxine on survival and development of in vitro cultured caprine preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 2020; 147:10-17. [PMID: 32074494 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the importance of thyroid hormones on the development of later preantral and antral follicles, but their interactions with other hormones and effects in regulating early preantral follicle growth remain unclear. Here we investigated the in vitro effects of thyroxine combined with insulin on caprine preantral follicle survival and development. Sliced ovarian tissues were cultured for 1 or 7 days using 10 ng/mL (low) or 10 μg/mL (high) insulin in the presence of thyroxine at 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 μg/mL. Post-culture, we evaluated the follicular survival and development, assessed the expression of apoptotic-related genes (Bcl2/Bax) and receptors of insulin and thyroid hormones, and quantified the estradiol and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels. Follicular survival in low-insulin culture conditions was enhanced by the presence of 0.5 μg/mL thyroxine (P < 0.05) as compared to the thyroxine-free medium but remained similar to non-cultured control in the presence of 2 μg/mL (P > 0.05). Significantly higher ROS production was measured from Day 1 to Day 7 in low-insulin culture media containing 0.5 or 2 μg/mL thyroxine (P < 0.05). When compared to high insulin level, the presence of thyroxine in low insulin culture conditions yielded higher stromal cell density (P < 0.05), increased estradiol production on Day 1, and higher Bcl2/Bax ratio on Day 7. Cultures with high levels of both insulin and thyroxine led to follicles and oocytes with larger diameters (P < 0.05). The RNA transcript levels of insulin and thyroid receptors were reduced in the presence of high insulin cultures when compared to controls (non-cultured). In conclusion, the combination of low concentrations of insulin and thyroxine better maintained follicle survival, while high levels ensured better follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Paes
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - L F Lima
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C H Lobo
- Oncells Biotechnology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - B G Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States.
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Lindsay KE, Vanover D, Thoresen M, King H, Xiao P, Badial P, Araínga M, Park SB, Tiwari PM, Peck HE, Blanchard EL, Feugang JM, Olivier AK, Zurla C, Villinger F, Woolums AR, Santangelo PJ. Aerosol Delivery of Synthetic mRNA to Vaginal Mucosa Leads to Durable Expression of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV. Mol Ther 2020; 28:805-819. [PMID: 31995741 PMCID: PMC7054722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear need for low-cost, self-applied, long-lasting approaches to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in both men and women, even with the advent of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Broadly neutralizing antibodies represent an option to improve HIV prophylaxis, but intravenous delivery, cold-chain stability requirements, low cervicovaginal concentrations, and cost may preclude their use. Here, we present an approach to express the anti-GP120 broadly neutralizing antibody PGT121 in the primary site of inoculation, the female reproductive tract, using synthetic mRNA. Expression is achieved through aerosol delivery of unformulated mRNA in water. We demonstrated high levels of antibody expression for over 28 days with a single mRNA administration in the reproductive tract of sheep. In rhesus macaques, neutralizing antibody titers in secretions developed within 4 h and simian-HIV (SHIV) infection of ex vivo explants was prevented. Persistence of PGT121 in vaginal secretions and epithelium was achieved through the incorporation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor into the heavy chain of the antibody. Overall, we present a new paradigm to deliver neutralizing antibodies to the female reproductive tract for the prevention of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Lindsay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Daryll Vanover
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Heath King
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Peres Badial
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Pooja M Tiwari
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hannah E Peck
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Emmeline L Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Ishak GM, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Elcombe ME, Gastal MO, Park SB, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. Deficiency in proliferative, angiogenic, and LH receptors in the follicle wall: implications of season toward the anovulatory condition. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106382. [PMID: 31585312 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain insight on the effect of different seasons of the year on the expression pattern of growth factor and hormone receptors involved in follicle development. A novel follicle wall biopsy technique was used to collect in vivo follicle wall layers (ie, granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa) and follicular fluid samples from growing dominant follicles, simultaneously and repeatedly, using the same mares during the spring anovulatory (SAN), spring ovulatory (SOV), summer (SU), and fall ovulatory (FOV) seasons. The immunofluorescent expression patterns of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and LH receptor (LHR) were evaluated in each follicle wall layer, in addition to intrafollicular estradiol and nitric oxide (NO). Proliferative proteins (EGFR and Ki-67) were highly (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) expressed during the SOV season compared with the SAN and FOV seasons. Lower (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) expression of both proteins was observed during SU compared with the SOV season. The expression of VEGFR was greater (P < 0.05-P < 0.01) in the theca interna of dominant follicles during the SOV season compared with the SAN and SU seasons. Similarly, in the overall quantification, the VEGFR expression was greater (P < 0.001) during the SOV season compared with the SU and FOV seasons. A higher (P < 0.05) LHR expression was detected in the theca interna during the SOV season than the SAN season. Furthermore, a higher (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) expression of LHR was observed in the granulosa, theca interna, and in the overall quantification during the SOV season compared with the SU and FOV seasons. Intrafollicular NO concentration did not differ (P > 0.05) among different seasons of the year. The intrafollicular estradiol concentration was higher (P < 0.05) during the SU compared with the SAN season and higher (P < 0.05) during the FOV season compared with the SAN and SOV seasons. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of lower expression of proliferative protein, angiogenic, and LH receptors in at least some of the layers of the follicle wall seems to trigger dominant follicles toward the anovulation process during the spring and fall transitional seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - G A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M E Elcombe
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - S B Park
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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11
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Ishak GMA, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Gastal MO, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. Cover Image, Volume 86, Issue 12, December 2019. Mol Reprod Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M. A. Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and NutritionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq
| | - Gabriel A. Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and NutritionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
| | - Gustavo D. A. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and NutritionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
| | - Melba O. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and NutritionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesMississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi
| | - Eduardo L. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and NutritionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
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12
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Paes VM, Liao SF, Figueiredo JR, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Feugang JM. Proteome changes of porcine follicular fluid during follicle development. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 31827787 PMCID: PMC6902611 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian follicular fluid influences follicle and oocyte growth, but the fluctuation of its protein content during folliculogenesis has not been comprehensively analyzed. Here we used a shotgun approach and bioinformatics analyses to investigate and compare the proteomes of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) obtained from small (< 4 mm), medium (4–6 mm) and large (> 6–12 mm) follicles. Results Follicular fluid samples containing highest estrogen levels were selected as non-atretic from small (SNA: 26.1 ± 15 ng/mL), medium (MNA: 162 ± 54 ng/mL), and large (LNA: 290 ± 37 ng/mL) follicles for proteomic analyses. We detected 1627, 1699, and 1756 proteins in SNA, MNA, and LNA samples, respectively. Nearly 60–63% of total proteins were specific to each sample, 11–13% were shared in pairwise comparisons, and 247 proteins were shared among all samples. Functional categorization indicated comparable gene ontology (GO) terms distribution per cellular component, molecular function, and biological process categories across samples; however, the ranking of highly significantly enriched GO terms per category revealed differences between samples. The patterns of protein-to-protein interactions varied throughout follicle development, and proteins such as serine protease inhibitor, clade E (SERPINE); plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU); and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR) appeared stage-specific to SNA, MNA, and LNA, respectively. The “complement and coagulation cascades” was the common major pathway. Besides, properdin and fibulin-1 were abundant proteins that appeared absent in LNA samples. Conclusion This study provides extensive and functional analyses of the pFF proteome changes during folliculogenesis and offers the potential for novel biomarker discovery in pFF for oocyte quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Paes
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA.,2Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Jose R Figueiredo
- 2Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Scott T Willard
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Starkville, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
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13
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Liao SF, Hasan S, Feugang JM. 141 A nutrigenomics approach using RNA sequencing technology to study nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animal life essentially is a set of gene expression processes. Thorough understanding of these processes driven by dietary nutrients and other environmental factors can be regarded as a bottom line of modern advanced animal nutrition research for improving animal growth, development, health, production, and reproduction performance. Nutrigenomics, a genome-wide approach using the knowledge and techniques obtained from the disciplines of genomics (including transcriptomics) and molecular biology, is to study the effects of dietary nutrients on cellular gene expression, cellular metabolic responses and, ultimately, the phenotypic changes of a living organism. Transcriptomics can be applied to investigate animal tissue transcriptome at a defined physiological or nutritional state, which provides a holistic view of the intracellular expression of RNA, especially mRNA. As a novel, promising transcriptomics approach, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology can monitor all-gene expressions simultaneously in response to dietary intervention. The principle and history of RNA-Seq technology will be briefly reviewed, and the three principal steps of this methodology, including the laboratory analysis of tissue samples, the bioinformatics analysis of the generated sequence data, and the subsequent biological interpretation of the data, will be described. The application of RNA-Seq technology in different areas of animal nutrition research, which include maternal nutrition, feeding strategy and gut microbiota, will be summarized. Lastly, the application of RNA-Seq technology in swine science and nutrition research will also be discussed. In short, to further improve animal feeding or production efficiency, RNA-Seq technology holds a great potential to be employed to explore the new insights into better understanding of nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals, and it is expected that the application of this cutting-edge technology in animal nutrition research will continue to grow in the foreseeable future. This research was supported in part by a USDA-NIFA Multistate Project (No. 1007691).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, USA
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14
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Park SB, White SB, Steadman CS, Pechan T, Pechanova O, Clemente HJ, Thirumalai RVKG, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Feugang JM. Silver-coated magnetic nanocomposites induce growth inhibition and protein changes in foodborne bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17499. [PMID: 31767879 PMCID: PMC6877574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity concerns of nanoparticles on animal or human bodies have led to the design of iron oxide core nanocomposites, coated with elemental silver to allow their magnetic removal from bio-mixtures. Although the antimicrobial effect of silver is well-described, the effects of nanoparticles derived from silver on microorganisms remain unfolded. Here, we characterized a customized magnetic silver nanocomposite (Ag-MNP) and evaluated its effects on bacterial growth and protein changes. The Ag-MNP displayed both longitudinal and round shapes under High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging, while the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of Ag, Fe3O4 (Magnetite) and FeO2 (Goethite). Optical density, bioluminescence imaging, and Colony Forming Unit assessments revealed that the presence of Ag-MNP induced strong dose-dependent bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. Anatum) growth inhibition. The TEM imaging showed penetration and infiltration of bacteria by Ag-MNP, leading to membrane degeneration and vacuole formation. The presence of Ag-MNP led to fifteen up-regulated and nine down-regulated proteins (P < 0.05) that are involved in cell membrane synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, interference with DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism inhibition. This study provides insights to develop alternative antimicrobials to treat foodborne pathogens with antibiotic resistance avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong B Park
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Shecoya B White
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Christy S Steadman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | | | - Rooban V K G Thirumalai
- Institute for Imaging and Analytical Technologies, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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15
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Feugang JM, Thrash A, Liao SF, Ryan PL, Mustapha PA, Willard ST. Exploring potential biomarkers for boar sperm cryopreservation using RNA-sequencing technology. Theriogenology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Park SB, Gruhot TR, Rude BJ, Liao SF, Mote BE, Feugang JM. Favorable seminal plasma environment to sperm fertility after L-arginine addition to boar diet. Theriogenology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Ishak GMA, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Gastal MO, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. Transition to the ovulatory season in mares: An investigation of antral follicle receptor gene expression in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1832-1845. [PMID: 31571308 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inability to obtain in vivo samples of antral follicle wall layers without removing the ovaries or sacrificing the animals has limited more in-depth studies on folliculogenesis. In this study, a novel ultrasound-guided follicle wall biopsy (FWB) technique was used to obtain in vivo follicle wall layers and follicular fluid samples of growing antral follicles. The expression of proliferative, hormonal, angiogenic, and pro-/antiapoptotic receptors and proteins in the follicular wall among three follicle classes were compared during the spring transitional anovulatory (SAN) and spring ovulatory (SOV) seasons in mares. The main findings observed in the granulosa, theca interna, and/or all follicle layers during the SOV season compared with the SAN season were (a) small-sized follicles (10-14 mm) had greater epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Bcl-2 expression; (b) medium-sized follicles during the expected deviation/selection diameter (20-24 mm) had greater expression of EGFR, Ki-67, luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and Bcl-2; and (c) dominant follicles (30-34 mm) had greater EGFR, Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor, LHR, and Bcl-2 expression. Estradiol related receptor alpha expression and intrafollicular estradiol concentration increased, along with an increase in follicle diameter in both seasons. In this study, the application of the FWB technique allowed a direct comparison of different receptors' expression among follicles in different stages of development and between two seasons using the same individuals, without jeopardizing their ovarian function. The successful utilization of the FWB technique and the mare as an experimental animal offer a great combination for future folliculogenesis studies on mechanisms of follicle selection, development, and ovulation in different species, including women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M A Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.,Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gabriel A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Gustavo D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
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18
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Hasan MS, Feugang JM, Liao SF. A Nutrigenomics Approach Using RNA Sequencing Technology to Study Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Agricultural Animals. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz082. [PMID: 31414073 PMCID: PMC6686084 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough understanding of animal gene expression driven by dietary nutrients can be regarded as a bottom line of advanced animal nutrition research. Nutrigenomics (including transcriptomics) studies the effects of dietary nutrients on cellular gene expression and, ultimately, phenotypic changes in living organisms. Transcriptomics can be applied to investigate animal tissue transcriptomes at a defined nutritional state, which can provide a holistic view of intracellular RNA expression. As a novel transcriptomics approach, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology can monitor all gene expressions simultaneously in response to dietary intervention. The principle and history of RNA-Seq are briefly reviewed, and its 3 principal steps are described in this article. Application of RNA-Seq in different areas of animal nutrition research is summarized. Lastly, the application of RNA-Seq in swine science and nutrition is also reviewed. In short, RNA-Seq holds significant potential to be employed for better understanding the nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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19
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Abstract
Continuous progress in nanoscience has allowed the synthesis of various nanoscale particles, known as nanoparticles or nanomaterials which, by harnessing unique physico-chemical properties, are crucial for multiple bio-applications. Despite the revealed toxicity (nanotoxicity) of nanoparticles in various in vitro and in vivo studies, their careful design for biocompatibility and effective interactions with single-celled and multi-cellular organisms has permitted their use in several fields of research and biomedicine. The various nanoparticles synthesized and applied in the veterinary sciences, including reproductive biology, have shown potential to influence routine practices in animal production systems. These include post-collection manipulation of semen and the protection of high-quality spermatozoa to extend their preservation, and to improve sperm-related biotechnologies such as sperm-mediated gene transfer, sperm sorting, sex-sorting, and cryopreservation. Therefore, the application of nanotechnology-based tools to semen may enhance assisted reproductive technologies for biomedical applications and improve economic productivity for farmers. Here, we review the efficacy of available techniques and emerging tools of nanotechnology that might be useful for further selection of high quality boar spermatozoa and productivity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
| | - Carley E Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | | | | | - John J Parrish
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA; Department of Population and Pathology Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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20
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Julien AR, Kouba AJ, Kabelik D, Feugang JM, Willard ST, Kouba CK. Nasal administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) elicits sperm production in Fowler’s toads (Anaxyrus fowleri). BMC ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-019-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Dutra GA, Ishak GM, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Peterson DG, Jacob JCF, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL, Feugang JM. Seasonal variation in equine follicular fluid proteome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30841911 PMCID: PMC6404268 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomic studies of follicular fluid (FF) exist for several species, including the horse; however, the seasonal influence on FF proteome has not been explored in livestock. The application of high-throughput proteomics of FF in horse has the potential to identify seasonal variations of proteins involved in follicle and oocyte growth. METHODS This study (i) profiles the proteomes of equine FF collected from dominant growing follicles during the spring anovulatory season (SAN), and spring (SOV), summer (SUM), and fall (FOV) ovulatory seasons; and (ii) identifies season-dependent regulatory networks and associated key proteins. RESULTS Regardless of season, a total of 90 proteins were identified in FF, corresponding to 63, 72, 69, and 78 proteins detected in the SAN, SOV, SUM, and FOV seasons, respectively. Fifty-two proteins were common to all seasons, a total of 13 were unique to either season, and 25 were shared between two seasons or more. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated the likely critical roles of plasminogen in the SAN season, the prothrombin/plasminogen combination in SUM, and plasminogen/complement C3 in both SOV and FOV seasons. The apolipoprotein A1 appeared crucial in all seasons. The present findings show that FF proteome of SUM differs from other seasons, with FF having high fluidity (low viscosity). CONCLUSIONS The balance between the FF contents in prothrombin, plasminogen, and coagulation factor XII proteins favoring FF fluidity may be crucial at the peak of the ovulatory season (SUM) and may explain the reported lower incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles during the SUM season.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - O Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - T Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - D G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - J C F Jacob
- Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - S T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - P L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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22
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Durfey CL, Swistek SE, Liao SF, Crenshaw MA, Clemente HJ, Thirumalai RVKG, Steadman CS, Ryan PL, Willard ST, Feugang JM. Nanotechnology-based approach for safer enrichment of semen with best spermatozoa. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30774950 PMCID: PMC6368687 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in nanotechnology have permitted molecular-based targeting of cells through safe and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). Their use to detect and remove damaged spermatozoa from semen doses could be of great interest. Here, MNP were synthesized and tested for their ability to target apoptotic (annexin V) and acrosome-reacted (lectin) boar spermatozoa, for high-throughout retrieval in a magnetic field (nanoselection). The potential impacts of nanoselection on sperm functions and performance of offspring sired by sperm subjected to nanoselection were determined. Fresh harvested and extended boar semen was mixed with various amounts (0, 87.5, and 175 μg) of MNP-conjugates (Annexin V-MNP or Lectin-MNP) and incubated (10 to 15 min) for 37 °C in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, extended semen was mixed with optimal concentrations of MNP-conjugates and incubated (0, 30, 90, or 120 min). In Exp. 3, the synergistic effects of both MNP-conjugates (87.5 μg - 30 min) on spermatozoa was evaluated, followed by sperm fertility assessments through pregnancy of inseminated gilts and performance of neonatal offspring. Sperm motion, viability, and morphology characteristics were evaluated in all experiments. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and hyperspectral imaging techniques were used to confirm attachment of MNP-conjugates to damaged spermatozoa. The motility of nanoselected spermatozoa was improved (P < 0.05). The viability of boar sperm, as assessed by the abundance of reactive oxygen species and the integrity of the acrosome, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial membrane was not different between nanoselected and control spermatozoa. The fertility of gilts inseminated with control or nanoselected spermatozoa, as well as growth and health of their offspring were not different between (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed the benefit of magnetic nanoselection for high-throughput targeting of damaged sperm, for removal and rapid and effortless enrichment of semen doses with highly motile, viable, and fertile spermatozoa. Therefore, magnetic nanoselection for removal of abnormal spermatozoa from semen is a promising tool for improving fertility of males, particularly during periods, such as heat stress during the summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L. Durfey
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Sabrina E. Swistek
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Shengfa F. Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Mark A. Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | | | - Rooban V. K. G. Thirumalai
- Institute of Imaging and Analytic Technology (I2AT), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Christy S. Steadman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Peter L. Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine Biochemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Scott T. Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
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Park SB, White SB, Steadman CS, Cavinder CA, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Feugang JM. Real-Time Bioluminescence Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival on Livestock Meats Stored Fresh, Cold, or Frozen. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1906-1912. [PMID: 30347168 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause severe hemorrhagic colitis in humans following consumption of contaminated meat products. Contamination with pathogenic bacteria is frequently found in the food production environment, and adequate household storage conditions of purchased foods are vital for illness avoidance. Real-time monitoring was used to evaluate bacterial growth in ground horse, beef, and pork meats maintained under various storage conditions. Various levels of E. coli O157:H7 carrying the luxCDABE operon, which allows the cells to emit bioluminescence, were used to inoculate meat samples that were then stored at room temperature for 0.5 day, at 4°C (cold) for 7 or 9 days, or -20°C (frozen) for 9 days. Real-time bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of bacterial growth was used to assess bacterial survival or load. Ground horse meat BLI signals and E. coli levels were dose and time dependent, increasing during room temperature and -20°C storage, but stayed at low levels during 4°C storage. No bacteria survived in the lower level inoculum groups (101 and 103 CFU/g). With an inoculum of 107 CFU/g, pork meats had higher BLI signals than did their beef counterparts, displaying decreased BLI signals during 7 days storage at 4°C. Both meat types had higher BLI signals in the fat area, which was confirmed with isolated fat tissues in the beef meat. Beef lean and fat tissues contrasted with both pork fat and lean tissues, which had significantly higher BLI signals and bacterial levels. BLI appears to be a useful research tool for real-time monitoring of bacterial growth and survival in various stored livestock meats. The dependence of E. coli O157:H7 growth on meat substrate (fat or lean) and storage conditions may be used as part of an effective antibacterial approach for the production of safe ground horse, beef, and pork meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong B Park
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.])
| | - Shecoya B White
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.])
| | - Christy S Steadman
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.])
| | - Clay A Cavinder
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.])
| | - Scott T Willard
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.]).,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Entomology and Plant Pathology, and
| | - Peter L Ryan
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.]).,3 Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-5059 [J.M.F.])
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Yang Z, Hasan MS, Htoo JK, Burnett DD, Feugang JM, Crenshaw MA, Liao SF. Effects of dietary supplementation of l-methionine vs. dl-methionine on performance, plasma concentrations of free amino acids and other metabolites, and myogenesis gene expression in young growing pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 3:329-339. [PMID: 32704803 PMCID: PMC7200578 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met), the second or third limiting amino acid (AA) in typical swine diets, plays important roles in promoting swine health and growth, especially, muscle growth. Whereas dl-Met products have been used in swine industry for many years, l-Met products have been developed recently. This research was conducted to study the effects of supplemental l-Met or dl-Met on nutrient metabolism, muscle gene expression, and growth performance of pigs. Twenty crossbred young barrows (initial body weight [BW] 21.2 ± 2.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 20 individual pens and two dietary treatments according to a completely randomized design with pigs serving as the experiment unit (n = 10). Two corn and soybean meal-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were formulated to meet or exceed the recommended requirements for energy, AA, and other nutrients (NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th ed. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; AMINODat 5.0). Crystalline l-Met and dl-Met were supplemented to diets 1 and 2 (both at 0.13%, as-fed basis), respectively. After 4 wk of an ad libitum feeding trial, BW and feed intake were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analyses of plasma AA and metabolite concentrations. The longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for analysis of myogenesis gene expression. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test. There were no differences (P = 0.56 to 0.94) in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed the two experimental diets and no differences between diets were observed in plasma free AA concentrations. No differences were observed between pigs fed the two diets in expression of mRNA for eight myogenesis-related genes, which were myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, myogenic factors 5, muscle regulatory factor 4 (a.k.a. myogenic factors 6), and myocyte enhancer factors 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D. In conclusion, results of this experiment indicate that the bioefficacy of l-Met is not different from that of dl-Met, which is likely because of an efficient conversion of d-Met to l-Met by pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - Md Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - Mark A Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
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25
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Ishak GM, Bashir ST, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Gastal MO, Cavinder CA, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. In vivo antral follicle wall biopsy: a new research technique to study ovarian function at the cellular and molecular levels. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:71. [PMID: 30055625 PMCID: PMC6064614 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo studies involving molecular markers of the follicle wall associated with follicular fluid (FF) milieu are crucial for a better understanding of follicle dynamics. The inability to obtain in vivo samples of antral follicle wall (granulosa and theca cells) without jeopardizing ovarian function has restricted advancement in knowledge of folliculogenesis in several species. The purpose of this study in mares was to develop and validate a novel, minimally invasive in vivo technique for simultaneous collection of follicle wall biopsy (FWB) and FF samples, and repeated collection from the same individual, during different stages of antral follicle development. We hypothesized that the in vivo FWB technique provides samples that maintain the normal histological tissue structure of the follicle wall layers, offers sufficient material for various cellular and molecular techniques, and allows simultaneous retrieval of FF. METHODS In Experiment 1 (ex vivo), each follicle was sampled using two techniques: biopsy forceps and scalpel blade (control). In Experiment 2 (in vivo), FWB and FF samples from 10-, 20-, and 30-mm follicles were repeatedly and simultaneously obtained through transvaginal ultrasound-guided technique. RESULTS In Experiment 1, the thickness of granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa layers was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the harvesting techniques. In Experiment 2, the overall recovery rates of FWB and FF samples were 97 and 100%, respectively. However, the success rate of obtaining samples with all layers of the follicle wall and clear FF varied according to follicle size. The expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) was mostly confined in the theca interna layer, with the estradiol-related receptor alpha (ERRα) in the granulosa and theca interna layers. The 30-mm follicle group had greater (P < 0.05) LHR expression in the theca interna and ERRα in the granulosa layer compared to the other groups. The overall expression of LHR and ERRα, and the intrafollicular estradiol were higher (P < 0.05 - P < 0.0001) in the 30-mm follicle group. CONCLUSION The in vivo technique developed in this study can be repeatedly and simultaneously used to provide sufficient FWB and FF samples for various cellular and molecular studies without jeopardizing the ovarian function, and has the potential to be translated to other species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - S T Bashir
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - G A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - C A Cavinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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26
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Yang Z, Hasan MS, Htoo JK, Burnett DD, Feugang JM, Crenshaw MA, Liao SF. 140 Effects of DL- Versus L-Methionine on the Concentrations of Plasma Free Amino Acids, Muscle Gene Expression, and Growth Performance of Young Growing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - M S Hasan
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, Germany
| | - D D Burnett
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - J M Feugang
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - M A Crenshaw
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - S F Liao
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
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27
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Park SB, Steadman CS, Chaudhari AA, Pillai SR, Singh SR, Ryan PL, Willard ST, Feugang JM. Proteomic analysis of antimicrobial effects of pegylated silver coated carbon nanotubes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:31. [PMID: 29587743 PMCID: PMC5870919 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesis of silver nano-compounds with enhanced antimicrobial effects is of great interest for the development of new antibacterial agents. Previous studies have reported the antibacterial properties of pegylated silver-coated carbon nanotubes (pSWCNT-Ag) showing less toxicity in human cell lines. However, the mechanism underlining the pSWCNT-Ag as a bactericidal agent remained unfolded. Here we assessed the pSWCNT-Ag effects against foodborne pathogenic bacteria growth and proteome profile changes. RESULTS Measurements of bioluminescent imaging, optical density, and bacteria colony forming units revealed dose-dependent and stronger bactericidal activity of pSWCNT-Ag than their non-pegylated counterparts (SWCNT-Ag). In ovo administration of pSWCNT-Ag or phosphate-buffered saline resulted in comparable chicken embryo development and growth. The proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry, was performed on control and surviving Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to pSWCNT-Ag. A total of 15 proteins (ten up-regulated and five down-regulated) differentially expressed proteins were identified. Functional analyses showed significant reduction of proteins associated with biofilm formation, nutrient and energy metabolism, quorum sensing and maintenance of cell structure and cell motility in surviving S. Typhimurium. In contrast, proteins associated with oxygen stress, DNA protection, starvation, membrane rebuilding, and alternative nutrient formation were induced as the compensatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence of the antibacterial effects of pSWCNT-Ag nanocomposites and knowledge of their mechanism of action through various protein changes. The findings may lead to the development of more effective and safe antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong B. Park
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Christy S. Steadman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Atul A. Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL USA
| | - Shreekumar R. Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL USA
| | - Shree R. Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL USA
| | - Peter L. Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Scott T. Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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28
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Feugang JM, Liao SF, Willard ST, Ryan PL. In-depth proteomic analysis of boar spermatozoa through shotgun and gel-based methods. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:62. [PMID: 29347914 PMCID: PMC5774113 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mature spermatozoa contain numerous epididymal and seminal plasma proteins, which full identification through high-throughput technologies may allow for a better understanding of the sperm biology. Therefore, we conducted a global proteomic analysis of boar spermatozoa through shotgun and gel-based methodologies. Results The total proteins were extracted from mature spermatozoa and subjecsted to proteome analyses. Functional analyses of gene ontology representations and pathway enrichments were conducted on the shotgun dataset, followed by immunology and gene expression validations. Shotgun and gel-based approaches allowed the detection of 2728 proteins and 2123 spots, respectively. Approximately 38% and 59% of total proteins were respectively fully and partially annotated, and 3% were unknown. Gene ontology analysis indicated high proportions of proteins associated with intracellular and cytoplasm localizations, protein and nucleic acid binding, hydrolase and transferase activities, and cellular, metabolic, and regulation of biological processes. Proteins associated with phosphorylation processes and mitochondrial membranes, nucleic acid binding, and phosphate and phosphorous metabolics represented 77% of the dataset. Pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation, citrate cycle, and extra-cellular matrix-receptor interaction were significantly enriched. Protein complex, intracellular organelle, cytoskeletal parts, fertilization and reproduction, and gap junction pathway were significantly enriched within the top 116 highly abundant proteins. Nine randomly selected protein candidates were confirmed with gel-based identification, immunofluorescence detection, and mRNA expression. Conclusions This study offers an in-depth proteomic mapping of mature boar spermatozoa that will enable comparative and discovery research for the improvement of male fertility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4442-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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29
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Durfey CL, Burnett DD, Liao SF, Steadman CS, Crenshaw MA, Clemente HJ, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Feugang JM. Nanotechnology-based selection of boar spermatozoa: growth development and health assessments of produced offspring. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The stringent selection of viable spermatozoa ensures the transmission of high-quality genetic material to the egg during fertilization. Sperm heterogeneity within or between ejaculates and between males obliges varied post-collection handling of semen to assure satisfactory fertility rates. The current techniques used to assess sperm generally detect non-viable and non-fertilizing gametes in the ejaculate, but do not permit the investigation of semen for improved fertility outcomes. Advances in technology, however, have spurred the search for new approaches to enrich semen with high-quality spermatozoa and to track intra-uterine sperm migration. This review highlights the current and future methodologies used for sperm labeling, selection, tracking, and imaging, with specific emphasis on the recent influence of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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31
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Aguiar FLN, Gastal GDA, Ishak GM, Gastal MO, Teixeira DIA, Feugang JM, Figueiredo JR, Gastal EL. Effects of FSH addition to an enriched medium containing insulin and EGF after long-term culture on functionality of equine ovarian biopsy tissue. Theriogenology 2017; 99:124-133. [PMID: 28708493 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of FSH supplementation on an enriched cultured medium containing insulin (10 ng/mL) and EGF (50 ng/mL) was investigated on in vitro culture of equine ovarian biopsy tissue. Ovarian tissue fragments were collected from mares (n = 10) and distributed in the following treatments: noncultured control, cultured control, and cultured + FSH. Both treated groups were cultured for 7 or 15 days. The end points evaluated were: follicular morphology, estradiol levels in the culture medium, fluorescence intensity for TUNEL, EGFR and Ki-67 detection, and gene expression of GDF-9, BMP-15, and Cyclin-D2 in the ovarian tissue. After seven days of culture, medium supplemented with FSH had a similar (P > 0.05) percentage of morphologically normal follicles compared to the noncultured control group. Estradiol levels increased (P < 0.05) from Day 7 to Day 15 of culture for both treated groups. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for TUNEL and EGFR intensity between the noncultured control group and the treated groups after 15 days of culture. Ki-67 intensity did not differ (P > 0.05) between treated groups after 15 days of culture, but decreased (P < 0.05) when compared with the noncultured control group. Similar (P > 0.05) mRNA expression for GDF-9, BMP-15, and Cyclin-D2 was observed among all treatments after 15 days of culture. In conclusion, an enriched medium supplemented or not with FSH was able to maintain the functionality of equine ovarian biopsy tissue after a long-term in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L N Aguiar
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - D I A Teixeira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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32
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Wang T, Feugang JM, Crenshaw MA, Regmi N, Blanton JR, Liao SF. A Systems Biology Approach Using Transcriptomic Data Reveals Genes and Pathways in Porcine Skeletal Muscle Affected by Dietary Lysine. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040885. [PMID: 28430144 PMCID: PMC5412465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine crossbred finishing barrows (body weight 94.4 ± 6.7 kg) randomly assigned to three dietary treatments were used to investigate the effects of dietary lysine on muscle growth related metabolic and signaling pathways. Muscle samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi of individual pigs after feeding the lysine-deficient (4.30 g/kg), lysine-adequate (7.10 g/kg), or lysine-excess (9.80 g/kg) diet for five weeks, and the total RNA was extracted afterwards. Affymetrix Porcine Gene 1.0 ST Array was used to quantify the expression levels of 19,211 genes. Statistical ANOVA analysis of the microarray data showed that 674 transcripts were differentially expressed (at p ≤ 0.05 level); 60 out of 131 transcripts (at p ≤ 0.01 level) were annotated in the NetAffx database. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that dietary lysine deficiency may lead to: (1) increased muscle protein degradation via the ubiquitination pathway as indicated by the up-regulated DNAJA1, HSP90AB1 and UBE2B mRNA; (2) reduced muscle protein synthesis via the up-regulated RND3 and ZIC1 mRNA; (3) increased serine and glycine synthesis via the up-regulated PHGDH and PSPH mRNA; and (4) increased lipid accumulation via the up-regulated ME1, SCD, and CIDEC mRNA. Dietary lysine excess may lead to: (1) decreased muscle protein degradation via the down-regulated DNAJA1, HSP90AA1, HSPH1, and UBE2D3 mRNA; and (2) reduced lipid biosynthesis via the down-regulated CFD and ME1 mRNA. Collectively, dietary lysine may function as a signaling molecule to regulate protein turnover and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Wang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Mark A Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Naresh Regmi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - John R Blanton
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
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33
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Gastal GDA, Alves BG, Alves KA, Souza MEM, Vieira AD, Varela AS, Figueiredo JR, Feugang JM, Lucia T, Gastal EL. Ovarian fragment sizes affect viability and morphology of preantral follicles during storage at 4°C. Reproduction 2017; 153:577-587. [PMID: 28246309 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The method of transportation and the conditions imposed on the ovarian tissue are pivotal aspects for the success of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the size of the ovarian tissue (e.g. whole ovary, biopsy size and transplant size) during different times of storage (0, 6, 12 and 24 h) on the structural integrity of equine ovarian tissue transported at 4°C. Eighteen pairs of ovaries from young mares (<10 years old) were harvested in a slaughterhouse and processed to simulate the fragment sizes (biopsy and transplant size groups) or kept intact (whole ovary group) and stored at 4°C for up to 24 h in α-MEM-enriched solution. The effect of the size of the ovarian tissue was observed on the morphology of preantral follicles, stromal cell density, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential. The results showed that (i) biopsy size fragments had more morphologically normal preantral follicles after 24 h of storage at 4°C; (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential was the lowest during each storage time when the whole ovary was used; (iii) DNA fragmentation rate in the ovarian cells of all sizes of fragments increased as storage was prolonged and (iv) transplant size fragments had increased stromal cell density during storage at cool temperature. In conclusion, the biopsy size fragment was the best to preserve follicle morphology for long storage (24 h); however, transportation/storage should be prior determined according to the distance (time of transportation) between patient and reproduction centers/clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - B G Alves
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - K A Alves
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - M E M Souza
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - A D Vieira
- Laboratory of Animal ReproductionFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - A S Varela
- Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral FolliclesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesMississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - T Lucia
- Laboratory of Animal ReproductionFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Vasquez ES, Feugang JM, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Walters KB. Bioluminescent magnetic nanoparticles as potential imaging agents for mammalian spermatozoa. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:20. [PMID: 26984640 PMCID: PMC4794913 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles have emerged as key materials for developing applications in nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology, bioimaging and theranostics. Existing bioimaging technologies include bioluminescent resonance energy transfer-conjugated quantum dots (BRET-QDs). Despite the current use of BRET-QDs for bioimaging, there are strong concerns about QD nanocomposites containing cadmium which exhibits potential cellular toxicity. RESULTS In this study, bioluminescent composites comprised of magnetic nanoparticles and firefly luciferase (Photinus pyralis) are examined as potential light-emitting agents for imaging, detection, and tracking mammalian spermatozoa. Characterization was carried out using infrared spectroscopy, TEM and cryo-TEM imaging, and ζ-potential measurements to demonstrate the successful preparation of these nanocomposites. Binding interactions between the synthesized nanoparticles and spermatozoon were characterized using confocal and atomic/magnetic force microscopy. Bioluminescence imaging and UV-visible-NIR microscopy results showed light emission from sperm samples incubated with the firefly luciferase-modified nanoparticles. Therefore, these newly synthesized luciferase-modified magnetic nanoparticles show promise as substitutes for QD labeling, and can potentially also be used for in vivo manipulation and tracking, as well as MRI techniques. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that luciferase-magnetic nanoparticle composites can potentially be used for spermatozoa detection and imaging. Their magnetic properties add additional functionality to allow for manipulation, sorting, or tracking of cells using magnetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick S. Vasquez
- />Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - Jean M. Feugang
- />Facility for Cellular and Organismal Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- />Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Scott T. Willard
- />Facility for Cellular and Organismal Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- />Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Peter L. Ryan
- />Facility for Cellular and Organismal Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- />Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- />Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary and Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Keisha B. Walters
- />Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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Feugang JM, Youngblood RC, Greene JM, Willard ST, Ryan PL. Self-illuminating quantum dots for non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of mammalian gametes. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:38. [PMID: 26040273 PMCID: PMC4455054 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fertility performance of animals is still a mystery and the full comprehension of mammalian gametes maturation and early embryonic development remains to be elucidated. The recent development in nanotechnology offers a new opportunity for real-time study of reproductive cells in their physiological environments. As a first step toward that goal, we evaluated the effectiveness of a fluorescent and luminescent nanoparticle for in vitro and ex vivo imaging of porcine gametes. Methods Freshly harvested boar sperm were labeled with red-shifted (655 nm) quantum dot nanoparticles conjugated (QD+) or not (QD−) with plasminogen antibody and evaluated. Subsets of labeled spermatozoa were loaded into straws and placed within the lumen of gilt reproductive tracts for ex vivo intra-uterine imaging. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in the presence of QD− or QD+. Ovarian follicles were microinjected with QD− or QD+ and placed in culture for up to 4 days. After labeling, all samples were supplemented with coelenterazine, the luciferase substrate, and immediately submitted to bioluminescence analysis, followed by fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and P < 0.05 indicated significant differences. Results All labeled-samples revealed bioluminescence emission that was confirmed by fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging of the QD localization within the cells and tissues. Over 76% of spermatozoa and both immature and mature COCs were successfully labeled with QD− or QD+. The QD− fluorescence appeared homogenously distributed in the oocytes, while found in the entire sperm length with a higher accumulation within the mid-piece. Labeled-follicles exhibited a progressive migration of QD nanoparticles within the follicle wall during culture. In contrast, QD+ fluorescence signals appeared condensed and stronger in the follicle cells, sperm head, and sub-plasma membrane area of mature oocytes. Weaker QD+ signals were detected in the cumulus cells. Fluorescence and hyperspectral microscope imaging showed comparable intracellular QD localization. Ex-vivo intra-uterine bioluminescence imaging of labeled spermatozoa revealed stronger signals captured over the oviducts, with uterine body allowing the lowest signal detection. Conclusion Findings indicate that conjugated and non-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles can be used for effective labeling of mammalian gametes for in vitro monitoring and potential in vivo targeted-imaging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0097-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Ramey C Youngblood
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Feugang JM, Greene JM, Sanchez-Rodríguez HL, Stokes JV, Crenshaw MA, Willard ST, Ryan PL. Profiling of relaxin and its receptor proteins in boar reproductive tissues and spermatozoa. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:46. [PMID: 25990010 PMCID: PMC4445784 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxin levels in seminal plasma have been associated with positive effects on sperm motility and quality, and thus having potential roles in male fertility. However, the origin of seminal relaxin, within the male reproductive tract, and the moment of its release in the vicinity of spermatozoa remain unclear. Here, we assessed the longitudinal distribution of relaxin and its receptors RXFP1 and RXFP2 in the reproductive tract, sex accessory glands, and spermatozoa of adult boars. METHODS Spermatozoa were harvested from three fertile boars and reproductive tract (testes and epididymis) and sex accessory gland (prostate and seminal vesicles) tissues were collected post-mortem from each boar. Epididymis ducts were sectioned into caput, corpus, and cauda regions, and spermatozoa were mechanically collected. All samples were subjected to immunofluorescence and/or western immunoblotting for relaxin, RXFP1, and RXFP2 detection. Immunolabeled-spermatozoa were submitted to flow cytometry analyses and data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. RESULTS Both receptors were detected in all tissues, with a predominance of mature and immature isoforms of RXFP1 and RXFP2, respectively. Relaxin signals were found in the testes, with Leydig cells displaying the highest intensity compared to other testicular cells. The testicular immunofluorescence intensity of relaxin was greater than that of other tissues. Epithelial basal cells exhibited the highest relaxin immunofluorescence intensity within the epididymis and the vas deferens. The luminal immunoreactivity to relaxin was detected in the seminiferous tubule, epididymis, and vas deferens ducts. Epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were immunopositive to relaxin, RXFP1, and RXFP2, and epididymal corpus-derived spermatozoa had the highest immunoreactivities across epididymal sections. Both vas deferens-collected and ejaculated spermatozoa displayed comparable, but lowest immunofluorescence signals among groups. The entire sperm length was immunopositive to both relaxin and receptors, with relaxin signal being robust in the acrosome area and RXFP2, homogeneously distributed than RXFP1 on the head of ejaculated spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS Immunolocalization indicates that relaxin-receptor complexes may have important roles in boar reproduction and that spermatozoa are already exposed to relaxin upon their production. The findings suggest autocrine and/or paracrine actions of relaxin on spermatozoa, either before or after ejaculation, which have possible roles on the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Robert P. Hanson Biomedical Sciences Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Hector L Sanchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, Mayaguez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Flow Cytometry facility core, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Mark A Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Feugang JM, Rodríguez-Muñoz JC, Dillard DS, Crenshaw MA, Willard ST, Ryan PL. Beneficial effects of relaxin on motility characteristics of stored boar spermatozoa. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:24. [PMID: 25880070 PMCID: PMC4393568 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxin is detected in seminal plasma of many species and its association with sperm motility may be beneficial in some aspects of assisted reproduction. Here, we immunolocalized relaxin receptors and investigated the effects of exogenous relaxin on motility characteristics, viability, and cAMP content of boar spermatozoa after storage. METHODS Commercial doses of boar semen were obtained on the collection day (Day 0) and kept in shipping containers at room temperature for up to 4 days (Day 4). On Day 0, spermatozoa were fixed for immunofluorescence detection of relaxin receptors RXFP1 and RXFP2 (Experiment 1). Semen aliquots were taken from the same dose at Day 0, Day 1, and Day 2 (Experiment 2a), and Day 2 and Day 4 (Experiment 2b) for analyses. Alive spermatozoa were purified and incubated (1 h-37°C) with 0, 50, or 100 ng relaxin/ml (Experiment 2a) and 0, 100, or 500 ng relaxin/ml (Experiment 2b). Afterward, aliquots of each treatment group were subjected to motility (Experiments 2), viability (Experiment 3) analyses, and cAMP quantification (Experiment 4). Data (3-4 independent replicates) were statistically analyzed (ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons) and p values less or equal to 0.05 was set for significant difference. RESULTS Both RXFP1 and RXFP2 receptors were immunolocalized on the entire spermatozoon. Relaxin concentration of 100 ng/ml significantly improved the proportions of motile, progressive, and rapid spermatozoa up to Day 2. Only 500 ng relaxin/ml provided beneficial effects on Day 4. The viability of spermatozoa was not affected by relaxin (100 ng/ml) during storage, but the extent of mitochondria membrane damages was significantly decreased. Furthermore, relaxin did not affect the cAMP contents of spermatozoa during storage, in our conditions. CONCLUSIONS Relaxin could be a valuable motility booster of stored- or aged-spermatozoa for assisted reproduction techniques. However, the related-intracellular signaling cascades of relaxin in boar spermatozoa remain undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
| | - Darby S Dillard
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
| | - Mark A Crenshaw
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
| | - Scott T Willard
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging (FOCI), Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
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Youngblood RC, McGee M, Feugang JM, Willard ST, Ryan PL. The use of a whole animal biophotonic model as a screen for the angiogenic potential of estrogenic compounds. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:545-53. [PMID: 24782643 PMCID: PMC4003539 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for normal vascular growth and development during wound repair. VEGF is estrogen responsive and capable of regulating its own receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Several agricultural pesticides (e.g., methoxychlor) have estrogenic potential that can initiate inappropriate physiological responses in estrogenic-sensitive tissues following exposure in vivo. Thus, the current study was designed to determine whether the VEGFR-2-Luciferase (Luc) reporter transgenic mouse is a useful model for evaluating estrogenic tendencies of methoxychlor by monitoring wound healing via VEGFR-2-mediated gene expression using bioluminescence and real-time imaging technology. RESULTS VEGFR-2-Luc gene activity peaked by d 7 (P<0.001) in all groups but was not different (P>0.05) between control and estrogen/methoxychlor exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS Changes in VEGFR-2-Luc gene activity associated with the dermal wound healing process were able to be measured via photonic emission. The increase in vasculature recruitment and formation is paralleled by the increase of VEGFR-2-Luc activity with a peak on day 7. However, estrogen/methoxychlor did not significantly alter wound healing mediated VEGFR-2-Luc gene expression patterns compared to controls. This suggests that the VEGFR-2-Luc transgenic mouse wound model tested in this study may not be optimal for use as a screen for the angiogenic potential of estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramey C Youngblood
- 1. Facility of Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; ; 2. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Marcus McGee
- 5. Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- 1. Facility of Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; ; 2. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- 1. Facility of Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; ; 4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- 1. Facility of Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; ; 2. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; ; 3. Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Langhorne CJ, Calatayud NE, Kouba AJ, Feugang JM, Vance CK, Willard ST. 026 Cryoconservation: Successful sperm cryopreservation and develop-mental outcomes using endangered North American amphibians. Cryobiology 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Greene JM, Feugang JM, Pfeiffer KE, Stokes JV, Bowers SD, Ryan PL. L-Arginine enhances cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis in human endometrial RL95-2 cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:15. [PMID: 23442442 PMCID: PMC3598371 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-arginine is considered to be one of the most versatile amino acids due to the fact that it serves as a precursor for many important molecules in cellular physiology. When supplemented in the diet, L-arginine can increase the number of implantation sites in mice and rats, suggesting an effect at the level of the endometrium. To this end, this study determined the effect that L-arginine has on apoptosis and cell proliferation in human endometrial RL95-2 cells. RESULTS L-arginine at physiological (200 micromol/L) and supra-physiological (800 micromol/L) concentrations increased cell proliferation at days 2 and 4 post-treatment with a dose-dependent effect being observed on day 2. Additionally, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and arginase, which are responsible for the conversion of L-arginine to NO and polyamines, respectively, reduced the proliferative effect of L-arginine. L-arginine also decreased the proportion of cells with TUNEL positive nuclei and increased the ratio of cells with healthy mitochondria compared to cells with a disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that L-arginine prevents mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in endometrial RL95-2 cells. Furthermore, exposure to L-arginine did not affect total BAD protein expression; however, L-arginine increased the abundance of phosphorylated BAD protein. CONCLUSIONS In summary, L-arginine added to the culture media at physiological (200 micromol/L) and supraphysiological concentrations (800 micromol/L) enhanced endometrial RL95-2 cell proliferation through mechanisms mediated by NO and polyamine biosynthesis. In addition, L-arginine reduced endometrial RL95-2 mitochondrial mediated apoptosis through increased phosphorylation of BAD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kathryn E Pfeiffer
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Susan D Bowers
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Feugang JM, Youngblood RC, Greene JM, Fahad AS, Monroe WA, Willard ST, Ryan PL. Application of quantum dot nanoparticles for potential non-invasive bio-imaging of mammalian spermatozoa. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:45. [PMID: 23241497 PMCID: PMC3553073 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various obstacles are encountered by mammalian spermatozoa during their journey through the female genital tract, and only few or none will reach the site of fertilization. Currently, there are limited technical approaches for non-invasive investigation of spermatozoa migration after insemination. As the knowledge surrounding sperm behavior throughout the female genital tract still remains elusive, the recent development of self-illuminating quantum dot nanoparticles may present a potential means for real-time in vitro and in vivo monitoring of spermatozoa. Results Here, we show the ability of boar spermatozoa to harmlessly interact and incorporate bioluminescent resonance energy transfer-conjugated quantum dot (BRET-QD) nanoparticles. The confocal microscope revealed in situ fluorescence of BRET-QD in the entire spermatozoon, while the ultra-structural analysis using the transmission electron microscope indicated BRET-QD localization on the sperm plasma membrane and intracellular compartment. In controlled-in vitro assays, bioluminescent imaging demonstrated that spermatozoa incubated with BRET-QD and luciferase substrate (coelenterazine) emit light (photons/sec) above the background, which confirmed the in situ fluorescence imaging. Most importantly, sperm motility, viability, and fertilizing potential were not affected by the BRET-QD incorporation when used at an appropriated ratio. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that pig spermatozoa can incorporate BRET-QD nanoparticles without affecting their motility and capacity to interact with the oocyte when used at an appropriated balance. We anticipate that our study will enable in-depth exploration of the male components of in vivo migration, fertilization, and embryonic development at the molecular level using this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Facility for Cellular Imaging and Organismal Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Greene JM, Feugang JM, Stokes JV, Bowers SD, Ryan PL. L-arginine Enhances Cell Proliferation and Reduces Apoptosis in Human Endometrial Cells. Biol Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/87.s1.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Greene JM, Dunaway CW, Bowers SD, Rude BJ, Feugang JM, Ryan PL. Dietary L-arginine supplementation during gestation in mice enhances reproductive performance and Vegfr2 transcription activity in the fetoplacental unit. J Nutr 2012; 142:456-60. [PMID: 22279135 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.154823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarded as one of the most versatile amino acids, arginine serves as a precursor for many molecules and has been reported to improve the reproductive performance of rats and pigs. To this end, we sought to determine if dietary L-arginine alters fetoplacental vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (Vegfr2) transcription activity. Eighteen wild-type FVB/N female mice were bred to homozygous FVB/N-Tg(Vegfr2-luc)-Xen male mice. Bred female mice received 1 of 2 experimental diets: one supplemented with 2.00% (wt:wt) L-arginine (+Arg) or 1 supplemented with 4.10% (wt:wt) alanine (+Ala) to serve as an isonitrogenous control for +Arg. In addition, 6 mice were fed a nonsupplemented control (Con) diet to normalize bioluminescent imaging data. All data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference. Total feed intake did not differ between groups; however, mice in the +Arg group consumed more arginine (P < 0.05). Arginine supplementation increased weight gain during the latter one-third of gestation (d 12- 18), total litter size, number of pups born alive, number of placental attachment sites, litter birth weight, and litter weight of pups born alive but decreased the individual birth weights (P < 0.05). During d 12-18, arginine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the mean total Vegfr2 transcription activity and Vegfr2 transcription activity corrected for fetoplacental mass. Moreover, mice in the +Arg group had an earlier rise in Vegfr2 transcription activity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of dietary L-arginine supplementation on mammalian reproduction is associated with enhanced Vegfr2 transcription activity in fetoplacental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Greene JM, Dunaway CW, Bowers SD, Rude BJ, Feugang JM, Ryan PL. In vivo monitoring of fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity in a murine pregnancy model using a Vegfr2-luc reporter gene and bioluminescent imaging. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:51. [PMID: 21496302 PMCID: PMC3084164 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis by eliciting vascular endothelial cell growth when bound to VEGF, a powerful pro-angiogenic ligand. While Vegf and Vegfr2 are expressed throughout gestation, the latter third of gestation in mice is characterized by a marked increase in fetoplacental angiogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of monitoring fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity non-invasively using a Vegfr2-luc reporter transgenic mouse and bioluminescent imaging. METHODS Imaging parameters were optimized using two wild-type (WT) females, bearing Vegfr2-luc fetuses. Then, seven WT females, bred to Vegfr2-luc males, were imaged from gestational day (GD) 12 to 18 to determine the usefulness of the Vegfr2-luc mouse as a model for studying fetoplacental Vegfr2 activity during pregnancy. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of Vegfr2 was also performed on whole fetoplacental units during this time. Additionally, resultant neonates were imaged at postnatal day (PND) 7, 14 and 21 to monitor Vegfr2 activity during post-natal development. RESULTS Fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity was detected as light emissions beginning on GD 12 of gestation and increased throughout the imaging period (P < 0.05), and this paralleled the Vegfr2 mRNA data obtained from RT-PCR analysis. A decline in fetoplacental light emissions was associated with a poor pregnancy outcome in one pregnancy, indicating that this approach has potential use for studies monitoring pregnancy well being. Additionally, neonatal Vegfr2 activity was detected at PND 7, 14 and 21 but declined with time (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In utero fetoplacental Vegfr2 gene activity was monitored longitudinally in a quantitative manner using a luciferase reporter gene and bioluminescent imaging during the latter third of gestation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the Vegfr2-luc mouse to monitor late gestation fetoplacental angiogenic activity under normal and experimental conditions. Additionally, neonatal Vegfr2 gene activity was monitored for three weeks postpartum, allowing continuous monitoring of Vegfr2 activity during the latter third of gestation and postnatal development within the same animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Chad W Dunaway
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Susan D Bowers
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Brian J Rude
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Borazjani A, Weed BC, Patnaik SS, Feugang JM, Christiansen D, Elder SH, Ryan PL, Liao J. A comparative biomechanical analysis of term fetal membranes in human and domestic species. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:365.e25-36. [PMID: 21324430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to biomechanically characterize and compare human, porcine, equine, and ovine fetal membranes. STUDY DESIGN Noncontact metrology was used for topographic analyses. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to resolve specific biomechanical values. Puncture force and radial stresses were determined with biaxial puncture testing. Microstructure and surface tortuosity were analyzed histologically. RESULTS Equine and human membranes sustained larger magnitude loading, but ovine and porcine membranes exhibited stronger material properties. Biaxial puncture validated uniaxial results; human and equine groups accommodated the largest loads but lowest stresses. Equine membranes were mostly vascularized; tortuosity was highest in porcine membranes. Species' gestation length was correlated positively with membrane thickness. CONCLUSION The anatomy of placentation and length of species gestation show distinct relationships to membrane biomechanics. Unlike other species, human fetal membranes do not compensate for structural weakness with a thicker membrane. This finding may explain the high incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Borazjani
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, TERC and CAVS, Bagley College of Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Feugang JM, Greene JM, Willard ST, Ryan PL. In vitro effects of relaxin on gene expression in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes and developing embryos. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:15. [PMID: 21272344 PMCID: PMC3045296 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxin hormone peptide is found in porcine follicular and utero-tubal fluids, but its possible actions during early embryo development are still undetermined. Here, we investigated the effects of porcine relaxin during oocyte maturation and embryo development, and gene expression in the pig. METHODS Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from ovarian follicles of sows. In experiment 1, COCs were matured in the presence of 0, 20, or 40 ng relaxin/ml, or 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid. In experiment 2, COCs were in vitro matured, fertilized and resulting embryos were cultured in the presence of 0, 20, or 40 ng relaxin/ml. In experiment 3, COCs were matured in the presence of 40 ng relaxin/ml, fertilized and zygotes were cultured as indicated in experiment 2. We evaluated the proportions of matured oocytes in experiment 1, cleaved and blastocysts on Day 2 and Day 7 post insemination in all experiments. The total cell number of blastocysts was also evaluated. In parallel, transcription levels of both relaxin and its receptors (RXFP1 and RXFP2), as well as a pro- (Bax) and anti- (Bcl2-like 1) apoptotic-related genes were determined. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and significant differences were fixed for P < 0.05. RESULTS In experiment 1, relaxin significantly increased the proportions of matured oocytes and cleaved embryos, as well as the expression level of RXFP2 mRNA compared to RXFP1 (P < 0.05). There was no effect on endogenous expression of relaxin and Bcl2-like1/Bax ratios. In all experiments, relaxin did not affect the proportions of blastocysts, but did significantly increase their total cell numbers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no effect of relaxin was observed on Bcl2-like1/Bax expression ratios, which were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous relaxin influences its own receptors expression, improves oocyte nuclear maturation. Its beneficial effect on total cell number of blastocysts appears to be through a Bcl2-like1/Bax-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center Dr, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
| | - Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center Dr, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, 402 Dorman Hall, Mississippi, MS 38762, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center Dr, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
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Feugang JM, Rodriguez-Munoz JC, Willard ST, Bathgate RA, Ryan PL. Examination of relaxin and its receptors expression in pig gametes and embryos. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:10. [PMID: 21251292 PMCID: PMC3032664 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxin is a small peptide also known as pregnancy hormone in many mammals. It is synthesized by both male and female tissues, and its secretions are found in various body fluids such as plasma serum, ovarian follicular fluid, utero-oviduct secretions, and seminal plasma of many mammals, including pigs. However, the presence and effects of relaxin in porcine gametes and embryos are still not well-known. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of relaxin and its receptors RXFP1 and RXFP2 in pig gametes and embryos. METHODS Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from sows' ovaries collected at the abattoir. After in vitro-maturation, COCs were in vitro-fertilized and cultured. For studies, immature and mature COCs were separately collected, and oocytes were freed from their surrounding cumulus cells. Denuded oocytes, cumulus cells, mature boar spermatozoa, zygotes, and embryos (cleaved and blastocysts) were harvested for temporal and spatial gene expression studies. Sections of ovary, granulosa and neonatal porcine uterine cells were also collected to use as controls. RESULTS Using both semi-quantitative and quantitative PCRs, relaxin transcripts were not detected in all tested samples, while RXFP1 and RXFP2 mRNA were present. Both receptor gene products were found at higher levels in oocytes compared to cumulus cells, irrespective of the maturation time. Cleaved-embryos contained higher levels of RXFP2 mRNA, whereas, blastocysts were characterized by a higher RXFP1 mRNA content. Using western-immunoblotting or in situ immunofluorescence, relaxin and its receptor proteins were detected in all samples. Their fluorescence intensities were consistently more important in mature oocytes than immature ones. The RXFP1 and RXFP2 signal intensities were mostly located in the plasma membrane region, while the relaxin ones appeared homogeneously distributed within the oocytes and embryonic cells. Furthermore, spermatozoa displayed stronger RXFP2 signal than RXFP1 after western-immunoblotting. CONCLUSION All together, our findings suggest potential roles of relaxin and its receptors during oocyte maturation, early embryo development, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Munoz
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, 402 Dorman Hall, Mississippi, MS 38762, USA
| | - Ross A Bathgate
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Gate 11, Royal Parade, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 38762, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely associated with the development of more than 95% of cervical cancer. Clinical trials using several chemopreventive agents are underway, but results are inconclusive. Most agents used in trials inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vitro, and about half of patients had some degree of clinical responses; however, the therapeutic effect was confounded by high rates of spontaneous regression and relapse. The selection of nontoxic agents especially food, beverage, and natural products that suppress oncogenic HPV, inhibit malignant transformation, and can additionally be used long term may be important for cervical cancer prevention. METHODS We evaluated green tea compound (epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenols E) effects on immortalized cervical epithelial and cervical cancer cells. HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial cells, TCL1, and HPV-positive cervical cancer cells, Me180 and HeLa, were used in the study. The effects of green tea compounds on cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, and gene expression were examined and characterized. RESULTS Both epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenols E inhibited immortalized cervical epithelial and cancer cell growth. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle changes were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins, p53 and p21, showed dose-dependent increase, whereas p27 was not affected. HPV-E7 protein expression was decreased by green tea compounds. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information on the potential mechanisms of action of green tea compounds in suppression of HPV-related cervical cells, and it will enable us to assess the feasibility of using these agents.
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Feugang JM, Ye F, Zhang DY, Yu Y, Zhong M, Zhang S, Zou C. Cactus pear extracts induce reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:692-9. [PMID: 20574930 DOI: 10.1080/01635581003605508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of natural products such as fruits and vegetables against cancer has attracted great attention because of their fewer side effects and therefore, potentially greater safety. We have previously reported that cactus pear mixture aqueous extract (CME) reduces gynecologic cancer cells growth by inducting apoptosis. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular pathway(s) triggered by CME in cancer cells. Normal, immortalized ovarian and ovarian cancer cells (OVCA420, SKOV3) were treated with 5 and 10% CME. After 2 days of treatment, immortalized cells treated with 10% CME accumulated more ROS than untreated cells, whereas cancer cells cultured with 5% and 10% CME exhibited a dramatic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Greater levels of DNA fragmentation, together with a perturbed expression of apoptotic-related (Bax, Bad, caspase 3, Bcl2, p53, and p21) and ROS-sensitive (NF-kappaB, c-jun/c-fos) genes were observed in the treated cancer cells. After three days of treatment, the NF-kappaB and p-/SAPK/JNK expressions were decreased, whereas p-AKT was upregulated. The CME significantly induced apoptosis in cancer cells. The results suggest an inhibitory effect of Arizona CME on cancer cell growth through the accumulation of intracellular ROS, which may activate a cascade of reactions leading to the apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Feugang JM, Kaya A, Page GP, Chen L, Mehta T, Hirani K, Nazareth L, Topper E, Gibbs R, Memili E. Two-stage genome-wide association study identifies integrin beta 5 as having potential role in bull fertility. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:176. [PMID: 19393042 PMCID: PMC2684547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fertility is one of the most critical factors controlling biological and financial performance of animal production systems and genetic improvement of lines. The objective of this study was to identify molecular defects in the sperm that are responsible for uncompensable fertility in Holstein bulls. We performed a comprehensive genome wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for bull fertility followed by a second-stage replication in additional bulls for a restricted set of markers. Results In the Phase I association study, we genotyped the genomic sperm DNA of 10 low-fertility and 10 high-fertility bulls using Bovine SNP Gene Chips containing approximately 10,000 random SNP markers. In these animals, 8,207 markers were found to be polymorphic, 97 of which were significantly associated with fertility (p < 0.01). In the Phase II study, we tested the four most significant SNP from the Phase I study in 101 low-fertility and 100 high-fertility bulls, with two SNPs (rs29024867 and rs41257187) significantly replicated. Rs29024867 corresponds to a nucleotide change of C → G 2,190 bp 3' of the collagen type I alpha 2 gene on chromosome 4, while the rs41257187 (C → T) is in the coding region of integrin beta 5 gene on chromosome 1. The SNP rs41257187 induces a synonymous (Proline → Proline), suggesting disequilibrium with the true causative locus (i), but we found that the incubation of bull spermatozoa with integrin beta 5 antibodies significantly decreased the ability to fertilize oocytes. Our findings suggest that the bovine sperm integrin beta 5 protein plays a role during fertilization and could serve as a positional or functional marker of bull fertility. Conclusion We have identified molecular markers associated with bull fertility and established that at least one of the genes harboring such variation has a role in fertility. The findings are important in understanding mechanisms of uncompensatory infertility in bulls, and in other male mammals. The findings set the stage for more hypothesis-driven research aimed at discovering the role of variation in the genome that affect fertility and that can be used to identify molecular mechanisms of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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