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Kent CM, Bevins SN, Mullinax JM, Sullivan JD, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl show spatiotemporal trends in influenza A H5 and H7 infections but limited taxonomic variation. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2906. [PMID: 37522765 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses in wild birds pose threats to the poultry industry, wild birds, and human health under certain conditions. Of particular importance are wild waterfowl, which are the primary reservoir of low-pathogenicity influenza viruses that ultimately cause high-pathogenicity outbreaks in poultry farms. Despite much work on the drivers of influenza A virus prevalence, the underlying viral subtype dynamics are still mostly unexplored. Nevertheless, understanding these dynamics, particularly for the agriculturally significant H5 and H7 subtypes, is important for mitigating the risk of outbreaks in domestic poultry farms. Here, using an expansive surveillance database, we take a large-scale look at the spatial, temporal, and taxonomic drivers in the prevalence of these two subtypes among influenza A-positive wild waterfowl. We document spatiotemporal trends that are consistent with past work, particularly an uptick in H5 viruses in late autumn and H7 viruses in spring. Interestingly, despite large species differences in temporal trends in overall influenza A virus prevalence, we document only modest differences in the relative abundance of these two subtypes and little, if any, temporal differences among species. As such, it appears that differences in species' phenology, physiology, and behaviors that influence overall susceptibility to influenza A viruses play a much lesser role in relative susceptibility to different subtypes. Instead, species are likely to freely pass viruses among each other regardless of subtype. Importantly, despite the similarities among species documented here, individual species still may play important roles in moving viruses across large geographic areas or sustaining local outbreaks through their different migratory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Kent
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mullinax
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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2
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Teitelbaum CS, Masto NM, Sullivan JD, Keever AC, Poulson RL, Carter DL, Blake-Bradshaw AG, Highway CJ, Feddersen JC, Hagy HM, Gerhold RW, Cohen BS, Prosser DJ. North American wintering mallards infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza show few signs of altered local or migratory movements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14473. [PMID: 37660131 PMCID: PMC10475108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses pose a threat to wildlife and livestock health. The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds and poultry in North America in late 2021 was the first such outbreak since 2015 and the largest outbreak in North America to date. Despite its prominence and economic impacts, we know relatively little about how HPAI spreads in wild bird populations. In January 2022, we captured 43 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Tennessee, USA, 11 of which were actively infected with HPAI. These were the first confirmed detections of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the Mississippi Flyway. We compared movement patterns of infected and uninfected birds and found no clear differences; infected birds moved just as much during winter, migrated slightly earlier, and migrated similar distances as uninfected birds. Infected mallards also contacted and shared space with uninfected birds while on their wintering grounds, suggesting ongoing transmission of the virus. We found no differences in body condition or survival rates between infected and uninfected birds. Together, these results show that HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection was unrelated to body condition or movement behavior in mallards infected at this location during winter; if these results are confirmed in other seasons and as HPAI H5N1 continues to evolve, they suggest that these birds could contribute to the maintenance and dispersal of HPAI in North America. Further research on more species across larger geographic areas and multiple seasons would help clarify potential impacts of HPAI on waterfowl and how this emerging disease spreads at continental scales, across species, and potentially between wildlife and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, VA, USA.
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA.
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas M Masto
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Keever
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deborah L Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Cory J Highway
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | | | - Heath M Hagy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Stanton, TN, USA
| | - Richard W Gerhold
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley S Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
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Teitelbaum CS, Casazza ML, McDuie F, De La Cruz SEW, Overton CT, Hall LA, Matchett EL, Ackerman JT, Sullivan JD, Ramey AM, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl recently infected with low pathogenic avian influenza exhibit reduced local movement and delayed migration. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering Herndon Virginia USA
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Fiona McDuie
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
- San Jose State University Research Foundation Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss Landing California USA
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Cory T. Overton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Laurie A. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Elliott L. Matchett
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
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Teitelbaum CS, Ackerman JT, Hill MA, Satter JM, Casazza ML, De La Cruz SEW, Boyce WM, Buck EJ, Eadie JM, Herzog MP, Matchett EL, Overton CT, Peterson SH, Plancarte M, Ramey AM, Sullivan JD, Prosser DJ. Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221312. [PMID: 36069010 PMCID: PMC9449466 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination is widespread and can negatively impact wildlife health. Some contaminants, including heavy metals, have immunosuppressive effects, but prior studies have rarely measured contamination and disease simultaneously, which limits our understanding of how contaminants and pathogens interact to influence wildlife health. Here, we measured mercury concentrations, influenza infection, influenza antibodies and body condition in 749 individuals from 11 species of wild ducks overwintering in California. We found that the odds of prior influenza infection increased more than fivefold across the observed range of blood mercury concentrations, while accounting for species, age, sex and date. Influenza infection prevalence was also higher in species with higher average mercury concentrations. We detected no relationship between influenza infection and body fat content. This positive relationship between influenza prevalence and mercury concentrations in migratory waterfowl suggests that immunotoxic effects of mercury contamination could promote the spread of avian influenza along migratory flyways, especially if influenza has minimal effects on bird health and mobility. More generally, these results show that the effects of environmental contamination could extend beyond the geographical area of contamination itself by altering the prevalence of infectious diseases in highly mobile hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, VA, USA
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Mason A. Hill
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Satter
- UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan J. Buck
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - John M. Eadie
- UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark P. Herzog
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L. Matchett
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Cory T. Overton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
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Prosser DJ, Schley HL, Simmons N, Sullivan JD, Homyack J, Weegman M, Olsen GH, Berlin AM, Poulson RL, Stallknecht DE, Williams CK. A lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) naturally infected with Eurasian 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus: Movement ecology and host factors. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2653-e2660. [PMID: 35678746 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recognized role of wild waterfowl in the potential dispersal and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, little is known about how infection affects these birds. This lack of information limits our ability to estimate viral spread in the event of an HPAI outbreak, thereby limiting our abilities to estimate and communicate risk. Here, we present telemetry data from a wild Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis), captured during a separate ecology study in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. This bird tested positive for infection with clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI virus of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/GD) H5N1 lineage (results received post-release) during the 2021-2022 ongoing outbreaks in North America. While the infected bird was somewhat lighter than other adult males surgically implanted with transmitters (790 g, x̅ = 868 g, n = 11), it showed no clinical signs of infection at capture, during surgery, nor upon release. The bird died 3 days later-pathology undetermined as the specimen was not able to be recovered. Analysis of movement data within the 3-day window showed that the infected individual's maximum and average hourly movements (3894.3 and 428.8 m, respectively) were noticeably lower than noninfected conspecifics tagged and released the same day (x̅ = 21,594.5 and 1097.9 m, respectively; n = 4). We identified four instances where the infected bird had close contact (fixes located within 25 m and 15 min) with another marked bird during this time. Collectively, these data suggest that the HPAI-positive bird observed in this study may have been shedding virus for some period prior to death, with opportunities for direct bird-to-bird or environmental transmission. Although limited by low sample size and proximity to the time of tagging, we hope that these data will provide useful information as managers continue to respond to this ongoing outbreak event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diann J Prosser
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah L Schley
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Nathan Simmons
- Wildlife & Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wye Mills, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Josh Homyack
- Wildlife & Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wye Mills, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Weegman
- Eastern Neck NWR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rock Hall, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn H Olsen
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Alicia M Berlin
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher K Williams
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Prosser DJ, Chen J, Ahlstrom CA, Reeves AB, Poulson RL, Sullivan JD, McAuley D, Callahan CR, McGowan PC, Bahl J, Stallknecht DE, Ramey AM. Maintenance and dissemination of avian-origin influenza A virus within the northern Atlantic Flyway of North America. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010605. [PMID: 35666770 PMCID: PMC9203021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild waterbirds, the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses, undergo migratory movements each year, connecting breeding and wintering grounds within broad corridors known as flyways. In a continental or global view, the study of virus movements within and across flyways is important to understanding virus diversity, evolution, and movement. From 2015 to 2017, we sampled waterfowl from breeding (Maine) and wintering (Maryland) areas within the Atlantic Flyway (AF) along the east coast of North America to investigate the spatio-temporal trends in persistence and spread of influenza A viruses (IAV). We isolated 109 IAVs from 1,821 cloacal / oropharyngeal samples targeting mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American black ducks (Anas rubripes), two species having ecological and conservation importance in the flyway that are also host reservoirs of IAV. Isolates with >99% nucleotide similarity at all gene segments were found between eight pairs of birds in the northern site across years, indicating some degree of stability among genome constellations and the possibility of environmental persistence. No movement of whole genome constellations were identified between the two parts of the flyway, however, virus gene flow between the northern and southern study locations was evident. Examination of banding records indicate direct migratory waterfowl movements between the two locations within an annual season, providing a mechanism for the inferred viral gene flow. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for virus dissemination from other North American wild birds to AF dabbling ducks (Anatinae), shorebirds (Charidriformes), and poultry (Galliformes). Evidence was found for virus dissemination from shorebirds to gulls (Laridae), and dabbling ducks to shorebirds and poultry. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of IAV ecology in waterfowl within the AF. The recent first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in wild birds inhabiting the Atlantic Flyway of North America (Newfoundland, Canada in November 2021 and South Carolina, USA, in January 2022) raises concern for virus movement within this region. Here, we study IAV in wild waterfowl with focus on bird movements in combination with IAV prevalence, seroprevalence, and genetic analyses for hypothesized virus flow and persistence. Migratory connectivity for two important dabbling duck species within the AF was indicated by banding records from the North American Bird Banding Program. A broad diversity of viral subtypes including H1, H3, H4, H6, H8–11, N1–4, N6, N8–N9 was detected in these species. Prevalence of active infections was higher on the breeding than wintering grounds, and common to other studies, the reverse was seen for antibody prevalence. Genetic analysis indicated the possibility of virus persistence from one year to the next in the northern latitudes on the breeding grounds, and although no full genome movement was detected between the breeding and wintering sites, viral gene flow was evident. The contribution of these findings in relation to bird movements will help guide surveillance as HPAI is detected within the flyway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiani Chen
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Ahlstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Reeves
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel McAuley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Callahan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter C. McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
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Prosser DJ, Sullivan JD, Wall JL, Buck EJ, Taylor JJ, Callahan CR, McGowan PC. Poplar Island: Understanding the Development of a Beneficial Use Restoration Site. ECOL RESTOR 2022. [DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hill NJ, Smith LM, Muzaffar SB, Nagel JL, Prosser DJ, Sullivan JD, Spragens KA, DeMattos CA, DeMattos CC, El Sayed L, Erciyas-Yavuz K, Davis CT, Jones J, Kis Z, Donis RO, Newman S H, Takekawa JY. Crossroads of highly pathogenic H5N1: overlap between wild and domestic birds in the Black Sea-Mediterranean impacts global transmission. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veaa093. [PMID: 34956648 PMCID: PMC7947991 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding transmission dynamics that link wild and domestic animals is a key element of predicting the emergence of infectious disease, an event that has highest likelihood of occurring wherever human livelihoods depend on agriculture and animal trade. Contact between poultry and wild birds is a key driver of the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), a process that allows for host switching and accelerated reassortment, diversification, and spread of virus between otherwise unconnected regions. This study addresses questions relevant to the spillover of HPAI at a transmission hotspot: what is the nature of the wild bird-poultry interface in Egypt and adjacent Black Sea-Mediterranean countries and how has this contributed to outbreaks occurring worldwide? Using a spatiotemporal model of infection risk informed by satellite tracking of waterfowl and viral phylogenetics, this study identified ecological conditions that contribute to spillover in this understudied region. Results indicated that multiple ducks (Northern Shoveler and Northern Pintail) hosted segments that shared ancestry with HPAI H5 from both clade 2.2.1 and clade 2.3.4 supporting the role of Anseriformes in linking viral populations in East Asia and Africa over large distances. Quantifying the overlap between wild ducks and H5N1-infected poultry revealed an increasing interface in late winter peaking in early spring when ducks expanded their range before migration, with key differences in the timing of poultry contact risk between local and long-distance migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J Hill
- Tufts University, Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Lacy M Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Sabir B Muzaffar
- U.S. Geological Survey, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- United Arab Emirates University, Department of Biology, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jessica L Nagel
- Natural Systems Analysts, 201 West Canton Ave, Winter Park, FL 32790, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Kyle A Spragens
- U.S. Geological Survey, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife, P.O. Box 43141, Olympia, WA 98501, USA
| | - Carlos A DeMattos
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, 1a Etisalat Club Rd, Ezbet Fahmy, El Basatin Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Cecilia C DeMattos
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, 1a Etisalat Club Rd, Ezbet Fahmy, El Basatin Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Lu’ay El Sayed
- Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, 30 Misr Helwan El-Zyrae Road, Maadi, Cairo, 11728, Egypt
| | | | - C Todd Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Joyce Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Zoltan Kis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ruben O Donis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Scott H Newman
- Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Liberia Rd, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Y Takekawa
- U.S. Geological Survey, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Suisun Resource Conservation District, 2544 Grizzly Island Road, Suisun City, CA 94585, USA
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Riggs GJ, Sullivan JD, Harvey KM, Pappas DA, Wall JL, McGowan PC, Callahan CR, Koppie CA, Prosser DJ. Eviction Notice: Observation of a Sterna hirundo (Common Tern) Usurping an Active Sternula antillarum (Least Tern) Nest. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2019. [DOI: 10.1656/045.026.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia J. Riggs
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Kayla M. Harvey
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Dimitri A. Pappas
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jennifer L. Wall
- Chesapeake Conservation Corps, Chesapeake Bay Trust, Annapolis, MD 21401
| | - Peter C. McGowan
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401
| | - Carl R. Callahan
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401
| | - Craig A. Koppie
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- US Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708
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McGowan PC, Sullivan JD, Callahan CR, Schultz W, Wall JL, Prosser DJ. Promoting Change in Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) Nest Site Selection to Minimize Construction Related Disturbance. ECOL RESTOR 2019. [DOI: 10.3368/er.37.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Humphreys JM, Murrow JL, Sullivan JD, Prosser DJ. Seasonal occurrence and abundance of dabbling ducks across the continental United States: Joint spatio‐temporal modelling for the Genus
Anas. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Humphreys
- Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | | | | | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Laurel Maryland USA
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12
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Sullivan JD, Takekawa JY, Spragens KA, Newman SH, Xiao X, Leader PJ, Smith B, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl Spring Migratory Behavior and Avian Influenza Transmission Risk in the Changing Landscape of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Sullivan JD, Ditchkoff SS, Collier BA, Ruth CR, Raglin JB. Recognizing the danger zone: response of female white-tailed to discrete hunting events. Wildlife Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery D. Sullivan
- J. D. Sullivan and S. S. Ditchkoff , School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, A
| | - Stephen S. Ditchkoff
- J. D. Sullivan and S. S. Ditchkoff , School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, A
| | - Bret A. Collier
- B. A. Collier, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, Bat
| | - Charles R. Ruth
- C. R. Ruth, South Carolina Dept of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joshua B. Raglin
- J. B. Raglin, Norfolk Southern Railway, Brosnan Forest, Dorchester, SC, USA
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14
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Wall JL, Marbán PR, Brinker DF, Sullivan JD, Zimnik M, Murrow JL, McGowan PC, Callahan CR, Prosser DJ. A Video Surveillance System to Monitor Breeding Colonies of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo). J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30080202 DOI: 10.3791/57928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many waterbird populations have faced declines over the last century, including the common tern (Sterna hirundo), a waterbird species with a widespread breeding distribution, that has been recently listed as endangered in some habitats of its range. Waterbird monitoring programs exist to track populations through time; however, some of the more intensive approaches require entering colonies and can be disruptive to nesting populations. This paper describes a protocol that utilizes a minimally invasive surveillance system to continuously monitor common tern nesting behavior in typical ground-nesting colonies. The video monitoring system utilizes wireless cameras focused on individual nests as well as over the colony as a whole, and allows for observation without entering the colony. The video system is powered with several 12 V car batteries that are continuously recharged using solar panels. Footage is recorded using a digital video recorder (DVR) connected to a hard drive, which can be replaced when full. The DVR may be placed outside of the colony to reduce disturbance. In this study, 3,624 h of footage recorded over 63 days in weather conditions ranging from 12.8 °C to 35.0 °C produced 3,006 h (83%) of usable behavioral data. The types of data retrieved from the recorded video can vary; we used it to detect external disturbances and measure nesting behavior during incubation. Although the protocol detailed here was designed for ground-nesting waterbirds, the principal system could easily be modified to accommodate alternative scenarios, such as colonial arboreal nesting species, making it widely applicable to a variety of research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R Marbán
- Department of Marine, Estuarine, and Environmental Science, University of Maryland
| | - David F Brinker
- Natural Heritage Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Murrow
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevyn H. Wiskirchen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; 602 Duncan Drive Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Todd C. Jacobsen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; 602 Duncan Drive Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; 602 Duncan Drive Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Stephen S. Ditchkoff
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; 602 Duncan Drive Auburn AL 36849 USA
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16
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Sullivan JD, Ditchkoff SS, Collier BA, Ruth CR, Raglin JB. Breeding behavior of female white-tailed deer relative to conception: Evidence for female mate choice. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2395-2402. [PMID: 28405302 PMCID: PMC5383498 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are thought to choose between two behavioral strategies to maximize the quality of potential mates: sit and wait, characterized by concentrating activity within a restricted area, and excursive behavior, characterized by increased activity and excursions outside the home range. As movement patterns may influence conception, our goal was to examine the patterns of female white-tailed deer movements to evaluate which breeding strategy was employed. We equipped 36 female white-tailed deer with GPS collars from August 2013 to December 2015. We found that movement rate and probability of activity were greatest near the peak of the breeding season, and we observed increases in both metrics during the 40 days prior to estimated conception. Peak size of home range and core area occurred in the days surrounding conception. We found that 11 deer performed an excursion, ranging from 43 days before until 36 days after conception, with the peak probability of being outside of an individual home range occurring 1 day prior to conception. Our results suggest that female white-tailed deer may attempt to maximize the quality of their mates by advertising availability for breeding through excursive behaviors just prior to entering estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery D Sullivan
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | | | - Bret A Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Charles R Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia SC USA
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17
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Roth TC, Krochmal AR, Gerwig WB, Rush S, Simmons NT, Sullivan JD, Wachter K. Using Pharmacological Manipulation and High-precision Radio Telemetry to Study the Spatial Cognition in Free-ranging Animals. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27842346 DOI: 10.3791/54790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's ability to perceive and learn about its environment plays a key role in many behavioral processes, including navigation, migration, dispersal and foraging. However, the understanding of the role of cognition in the development of navigation strategies and the mechanisms underlying these strategies is limited by the methodological difficulties involved in monitoring, manipulating the cognition of, and tracking wild animals. This study describes a protocol for addressing the role of cognition in navigation that combines pharmacological manipulation of behavior with high-precision radio telemetry. The approach uses scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, to manipulate cognitive spatial abilities. Treated animals are then monitored with high frequency and high spatial resolution via remote triangulation. This protocol was applied within a population of Eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) that has inhabited seasonally ephemeral water sources for ~100 years, moving between far-off sources using precise (± 3.5 m), complex (i.e., non-linear with high tortuosity that traverse multiple habitats), and predictable routes learned before 4 years of age. This study showed that the processes used by these turtles are consistent with spatial memory formation and recall. Together, these results are consistent with a role of spatial cognition in complex navigation and highlight the integration of ecological and pharmacological techniques in the study of cognition and navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Roth
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College;
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18
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Abstract
The effect of the initial substrate surface condition, as indicated by the critical surface tension for wetting, on the rate of attachment of marine bacteria to a variety of solid surfaces has been measured. The techniques used to determine the number of bacteria attached per unit surface area were a lipopolysaccharide test utilizing Limulus lysate and direct examination of the surface by scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained by the two techniques are compared and their significance to the control of microbiological slime film formation (microfouling) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Dexter
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
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19
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Sullivan JD. Serratia liquefaciens infections at a hemodialysis center. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:922; author reply 922-3. [PMID: 11565530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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20
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Sullivan JD. Is this a police state or what? Nephrol News Issues 2000; 14:11. [PMID: 11933380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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21
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Gong JZ, Sullivan JD, Teichberg S, Hajdu SI. Pleomorphic large cell sarcoma of the spleen with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1999; 29:303-7. [PMID: 10528830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
An unusual case is reported of pleomorphic large cell sarcoma of the spleen with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in a 34-year old male. According to our knowledge, such a neoplasm has never been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Gong
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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22
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Abstract
Biomaterial used in surgery is relatively inert and non-toxic; however, adverse reactions may follow implantation of such foreign material. We describe the first two cases of bone and joint destruction by necrobiotic palisading suture granulomas. The hypersensitivity reaction occurred years after shoulder repair using silk sutures. One patient received chemotherapy for a mistaken diagnosis of tuberculous arthritis. Although very rare, foreign material should be included in the differential diagnosis of necrotizing granulomas. A history of surgery and microscopic examination with polarized light should allow recognition of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Marcus
- Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Han SH, Maple MB, Fisk Z, Cheong SW, Cooper AS, Chmaissem O, Sullivan JD, Marezio M. Structural aspects of pressure-dependent hole ordering in La1.67M0.33NiO4 (M=Ca, Sr, or Ba). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:1347-1351. [PMID: 9980716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Sullivan JD, Bordet P, Marezio M, Takenaka K, Uchida S. Electron-density Fourier maps of an untwinned YBa2Cu3O6.877 single crystal by x-ray-diffraction data. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:10638-10641. [PMID: 10007359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.10638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Leitman IM, Sullivan JD, Brams D, DeCosse JJ. Multivariate analysis of morbidity and mortality from the initial surgical management of obstructing carcinoma of the colon. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992; 174:513-8. [PMID: 1595029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eighty consecutive patients presenting with complete large intestinal obstruction from primary carcinoma were evaluated. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate perioperative morbidity and mortality. There were five deaths in the immediate postoperative period (30 days). Extensive and lesser complications occurred in eight and 11 patients, respectively. There were 25 lesions of the right colon, whereas in 55 patients, the lesion was located distal to the left branch of the middle colic artery. Females were more likely to present with obstructed carcinomas of the left colon than males. Patients with an obstruction of the left colon more frequently presented with dehydration than those with a tumor of the right colon (p less than 0.05). Most carcinomas of the right colon were resected, whereas lesions of the left colon were managed with diverting colostomy in 33 patients and by primary resection in 22. Thirteen patients with carcinomas of the left colon had an immediate anastomosis without mortality. Preoperative severe cardiopulmonary disease, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score and advanced carcinoma (Dukes' C or D) were statistically related to early hospital morbidity and mortality, while individual physiologic parameters, site of lesion or operation performed were not. Primary resection may be performed safely in selected patients. Multivariate assessment and clinical staging may allow for appropriate patient selection and improve immediate outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Leitman
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030
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26
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Buttrey DJ, Sullivan JD, Shirane G, Yamada K. Influence of oxygen nonstoichiometry on structure and magnetism in Pr2NiO4+ delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:3944-3951. [PMID: 9995915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Sullivan JD. Janet and psychological trauma. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:962-3. [PMID: 2356896 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.7.aj1477962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Belcher JW, Bridge HS, Bagenal F, Coppi B, Divers O, Eviatar A, Gordon GS, Lazarus AJ, McNutt RL, Ogilvie KW, Richardson JD, Siscoe GL, Sittler EC, Steinberg JT, Sullivan JD, Szabo A, Villanueva L, Vasyliunas VM, Zhang M. Plasma Observations Near Neptune: Initial Results from Voyager 2. Science 1989; 246:1478-83. [PMID: 17756003 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4936.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The plasma science experiment on Voyager 2 made observations of the plasma environment in Neptune's magnetosphere and in the surrounding solar wind. Because of the large tilt of the magnetic dipole and fortuitous timing, Voyager entered Neptune's magnetosphere through the cusp region, the first cusp observations at an outer planet. Thus the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere observed by Voyager 2 was not sharp but rather appeared as a gradual decrease in plasma density and temperature. The maximum plasma density observed in the magnetosphere is inferred to be 1.4 per cubic centimeter (the exact value depends on the composition), the smallest observed by Voyager in any magnetosphere. The plasma has at least two components; light ions (mass, 1 to 5) and heavy ions (mass, 10 to 40), but more precise species identification is not yet available. Most of the plasma is concentrated in a plasma sheet or plasma torus and near closest approach to the planet. A likely source of the heavy ions is Triton's atmosphere or ionosphere, whereas the light ions probably escape from Neptune. The large tilt of Neptune's magnetic dipole produces a dynamic magnetosphere that changes configuration every 16 hours as the planet rotates.
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29
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Cachia VV, Grumbine NA, Santoro JP, Sullivan JD. Spontaneous rupture of the peroneus longus tendon with fracture of the os peroneum. J Foot Surg 1988; 27:328-33. [PMID: 3225393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Injuries of the peroneus longus and os peroneum are rarely reported. Two cases are presented, each occurring with an inversion stress and resultant audible snap. One patient sustained a complete spontaneous disruption of the peroneus longus with fracture of the os peroneum. This 64-year-old male was treated by excision of the proximal fracture fragment of the os peroneum and primary tendon repair. A 2-week prodrome of pain in the lateral aspect of the foot, preceded the rupture. Case 2, a 39-year-old female, was treated nonoperatively, and represents the clinical dilemma that may occur when the os peroneum is traumatized. It is emphasized that diagnosis of fracture of this ossicle can only be confirmed with operative excision and microscopic study. The authors recommend primary surgical treatment in those cases where continuity of the peroneus longus is disrupted. Where continuity is maintained, surgical exploration should be reserved for those cases that fail to respond to prolonged and intensive rehabilitation. Both patients regained full function and remain symptom free 11 and 10 months after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Cachia
- Department of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Western Medical Center/Anaheim, California
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30
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Sullivan JD. Chondromalacia patellae--just another enthesopathy. Can J Surg 1986; 29:301. [PMID: 3756647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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31
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Denham SA, Sullivan JD. Radiative decays of 1(-) quarkonia to )+/-, 1(+), 2(+/-) states. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1986; 34:1418-1428. [PMID: 9957302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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32
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Bridge HS, Belcher JW, Coppi B, Lazarus AJ, McNutt RL, Olbert S, Richardson JD, Sands MR, Selesnick RS, Sullivan JD, Hartle RE, Ogilvie KW, Sittler EC, Bagenal F, Wolff RS, Vasyliunas VM, Siscoe GL, Goertz CK, Eviatar A. Plasma Observations Near Uranus: Initial Results from Voyager 2. Science 1986; 233:89-93. [PMID: 17812895 DOI: 10.1126/science.233.4759.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extensive measurements of low-energy positive ions and electrons in the vicinity of Uranus have revealed a fully developed magnetosphere. The magnetospheric plasma has a warm component with a temperature of 4 to 50 electron volts and a peak density of roughly 2 protons per cubic centimeter, and a hot component, with a temperature of a few kiloelectron volts and a peak density of roughly 0.1 proton per cubic centimeter. The warm component is observed both inside and outside of L = 5, whereas the hot component is excluded from the region inside of that L shell. Possible sources of the plasma in the magnetosphere are the extended hydrogen corona, the solar wind, and the ionosphere. The Uranian moons do not appear to be a significant plasma source. The boundary of the hot plasma component at L = 5 may be associated either with Miranda or with the inner limit of a deeply penetrating, solar wind-driven magnetospheric convection system. The Voyager 2 spacecraft repeatedly encountered the plasma sheet in the magnetotail at locations that are consistent with a geometric model for the plasma sheet similar to that at Earth.
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33
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Sullivan JD, Olha AE, Rohan I, Schulz J. The properties of skeletal muscle. Orthop Rev 1986; 15:349-63. [PMID: 3331181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The authors review the musculoskeletal system and the controversy that surrounds methods for improving and strengthening it. Disorders brought on by over utilization, deficient working habits, lack of appropriate maintenance care and intercurrent stress and fatigue from repetitious daily tasks and poor sleeping habits are recognized and discussed. Also discussed are muscle structure and its relation to the contractive state, muscle energy requirements, motor control, source of muscle strength and factors modulating it, training adaptations in skeletal muscle, methods of strength training, erogenic aids including anabolic steroids and electrical stimulation and the pathologic states in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sullivan
- Sports Medicine Services, St. Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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34
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Sullivan JD. Approaches to the ankle region. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1986; 3:289-302. [PMID: 2938720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article has attempted to address the surgical realm of the ankle region. With the advent of more interest in treating patients who require atraumatic and corrective surgical procedures of the ankle region, it is mandatory for us to become better trained and to improve our skills and expertise. The points worth summarizing in the surgical approach to the ankle region are a complete anatomic knowledge, basic principles of lines of tension, thorough understanding of biomechanics, and good preoperative judgment. The atraumatic approach was presented by describing how to accomplish this objective--by protecting neurovascular bundles, by following normal skin lines or creases, by avoiding scars over a bony prominence, and by avoiding incisions on a weight-bearing surface. Certain basic anatomic and physiologic principles were stated, such as making incisions large enough, using tourniquets when possible, avoiding excessive and unnecessary dissection, and avoiding stretching, crushing, or allowing tissue to dry. Various approaches for surgical procedures to the ankle region were given. The approaches described the location of the incision, the anatomy to be seen while deepening the wound, and the reason for the surgical procedure.
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Sullivan JD. Down's syndrome and the Canadian Special Olympics. Can Med Assoc J 1985; 132:1004. [PMID: 3157435 PMCID: PMC1346169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Sullivan JD. Workers' compensation medicine. Psychiatric evaluation. N Y State J Med 1983; 83:346-9. [PMID: 6222276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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Sullivan JD, Ellis PC, Lee RG, Combs WS, Watson SW. Comparison of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test with plate counts and chemical analyses for assessment of the quality of lean fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:720-2. [PMID: 6830224 PMCID: PMC242353 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.2.720-722.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of lean fish was assessed simply and rapidly with Limulus amoebocyte lysate. The endotoxin levels agreed with aerobic plate counts and chemical indices of spoilage. Correlation between level of endotoxin and level of total volatile bases was found to be highly significant (r = 0.8579; P less than 0.001).
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38
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Olha AE, Klissouras V, Sullivan JD, Skoryna SC. Effect of exercise on concentration of elements in the serum. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1982; 22:414-25. [PMID: 7169783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Bridge HS, Bagenal F, Belcher JW, Lazarus AJ, McNutt RL, Sullivan JD, Gazis PR, Hartle RE, Ogilvie KW, Scudder JD, Sittler EC, Eviatar A, Siscoe GL, Goertz CK, Vasyliunas VM. Plasma Observations Near Saturn: Initial Results from Voyager 2. Science 1982; 215:563-70. [PMID: 17771279 DOI: 10.1126/science.215.4532.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Results of measurements of plasma electrons and poitive ions made during the Voyager 2 encounter with Saturn have been combined with measurements from Voyager 1 and Pioneer 11 to define more clearly the configuration of plasma in the Saturnian magnetosphere. The general morphology is well represented by four regions: (i) the shocked solar wind plasma in the magnetosheath, observed between about 30 and 22 Saturn radii (RS) near the noon meridian; (ii) a variable density region between approximately 17 RS and the magnetopause; (iii) an extended thick plasma sheet between approximately 17 and approximately 7 RS symmetrical with respect to Saturn's equatorial plane and rotation axis; and (iv) an inner plasma torus that probably originates from local sources and extends inward from L approximately 7 to less than L approximately 2.7 (L is the magnetic shell parameter). In general, the heavy ions, probably O(+), are more closely confined to the equatorial plane than H(+), so that the ratio of heavy to light ions varies along the trajectory according to the distance of the spacecraft from the equatorial plane. The general configuration of the plasma sheet at Saturn found by Voyager 1 is confirmed, with some notable differences and additions. The "extended plasma sheet," observed between L approximately 7 and L approximately 15 by Voyager 1 is considerably thicker as observed by Voyager 2. Inward of L approximately 4, the plasma sheet collapses to a thin region about the equatorial plane. At the ring plane crossing, L approximately 2.7, the observations are consistent with a density of O(+) of approximately 100 per cubic centimeter, with a temperature of approximately 10 electron volts. The location of the bow shock and magnetopause crossings were consistent with those previously observed. The entire magnetosphere was larger during the outbound passage of Voyager 2 than had been previously observed; however, a magnetosphere of this size or larger is expected approximately 3 percent of the time.
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40
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Bridge HS, Belcher JW, Lazarus AJ, Olbert S, Sullivan JD, Bagenal F, Gazis PR, Hartle RE, Ogilvie KW, Scudder JD, Sittler EC, Eviatar A, Siscoe GL, Goertz CK, Vasyliunas VM. Plasma Observations Near Saturn: Initial Results from Voyager 1. Science 1981; 212:217-24. [PMID: 17783833 DOI: 10.1126/science.212.4491.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extensive measurements of low-energy plasma electrons and positive ions were made during the Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn and its satellites. The magnetospheric plasma contains light and heavy ions, probably hydrogen and nitrogen or oxygen; at radial distances between 15 and 7 Saturn-radii (Rs) on the inbound trajectory, the plasma appears to corotate with a velocity within 20 percent of that expected for rigid corotation. The general morphology of Saturn's magnetosphere is well represented by a plasma sheet that extends from at least 5 to 17 Rs, is symmetrical with respect to Saturn's equatorial plane and rotation axis, and appears to be well ordered by the magnetic shell parameter L (which represents the equatorial distance of a magnetic field line measured in units of Rs). Within this general configuration, two distinct structures can be identified: a central plasma sheet observed from L = 5 to L = 8 in which the density decreases rapidly away from the equatorial plane, and a more extended structure from L = 7 to beyond 18 Rs in which the density profile is nearly flat for a distance +/- 1.8 Rs off the plane and falls rapidly thereafter. The encounter with Titan took place inside the magnetosphere. The data show a clear signature characteristic of the interaction between a subsonic corotating magnetospheric plasma and the atmospheric or ionospheric exosphere of Titan. Titan appears to be a significant source of ions for the outer magnetosphere. The locations of bow shock crossings observed inbound and outbound indicate that the shape of the Saturnian magnetosphere is similar to that of Earth and that the position of the stagnation point scales approximately as the inverse one-sixth power of the ram pressure.
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Bridge HS, Belcher JW, Lazarus AJ, Sullivan JD, Bagenal F, McNutt RL, Ogilvie KW, Scudder JD, Sittler EC, Vasyliunas VM, Goertz CK. Plasma Observations Near Jupiter: Initial Results from Voyager 2. Science 1979; 206:972-6. [PMID: 17733917 DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4421.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The first of at least nine bow shock crossings observed on the inbound pass of Voyager 2 occurred at 98.8 Jupiter radii (R(J)) with final entry into the magnetosphere at 62 R(J). On both the inbound and outbound passes the plasma showed a tendency to move in the direction of corotation, as was observed on the inbound pass of Voyager 1. Positive ion densities and electron intensities observed by Voyager 2 are comparable within a factor of 2 to those seen by Voyager 1 at the same radial distance from Jupiter; the composition of the magnetospheric plasma is again dominated by heavy ions with a ratio of mass density relative to hydrogen of about 100/1. A series of dropouts of plasma intensity near Ganymede may be related to a complex interaction between Ganymede and the magnetospheric plasma. From the planetary spin modulation of the intensity of plasma electrons it is inferred that the plasma sheet is centered at the dipole magnetic equator out to a distance of 40 to 50 R(J) and deviates from it toward the rotational equator at larger distances. The longitudinal excursion of the plasma sheet lags behind the rotating dipole by a phase angle that increases with increasing radial distance.
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Bridge HS, Belcher JW, Lazarus AJ, Sullivan JD, McNutt RL, Bagenal F, Scudder JD, Sittler EC, Siscoe GL, Vasyliunas VM, Goertz CK, Yeates CM. Plasma Observations Near Jupiter: Initial Results from Voyager 1. Science 1979; 204:987-91. [PMID: 17800436 DOI: 10.1126/science.204.4396.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extensive measurements of low-energy positive ions and electrons were made throughout the Jupiter encounter of Voyager 1. The bow shock and magneto-pause were crossed several times at distances consistent with variations in the upstream solar wind pressure measured on Voyager 2. During the inbound pass, the number density increased by six orders of magnitude between the innermost magnetopause crossing at approximately 47 Jupiter radii and near closest approach at approximately 5 Jupiter radii; the plasma flow during this period was predominately in the direction of corotation. Marked increases in number density were observed twice per planetary rotation, near the magnetic equator. Jupiterward of the Io plasma torus, a cold, corotating plasma was observed and the energylcharge spectra show well-resolved, heavy-ion peaks at mass-to-charge ratios A/Z* = 8, 16, 32, and 64.
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Nachum R, Watson SW, Sullivan JD, Siegel SE. Antimicrobial defense mechanisms in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus: preliminary observations with heat-derived extracts of Limulus amoebocyte lysate. J Invertebr Pathol 1979; 33:290-9. [PMID: 501128 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(79)90029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sullivan JD, Kahn DS. Formation of a bone and joint following blunt injury to the pelvis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1979:80-4. [PMID: 113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a new bone from the lateral wall of the pelvis following blunt injury occurred in a 55-year-old woman. The bone articulated with the top of the trochanter by means of a synovial-lined joint. The case is an example of the remarkable ability of external forces to remodel newly formed bone into a functional architectural unit and to produce an accessory pseudojoint.
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Sullivan JD. Sagittal hemipatellectomy in the treatment of chondromalacia patellae. Can J Surg 1976; 19:539-44. [PMID: 991012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of the preoperative assessment, surgical technique and follow-up in 17 surgical procedures (16 patients) indicates that sagital hemipatellectomy is an acceptable alternative form of surgical treatment in patients with chronic painful chondromalacia patellae. The study series comprised 16 patient (mean age, 21 years) in whom the duration of symptoms averaged 5 years, 2 months. In all patients the procedure relieved the pain and permitted a return to their accustomed work and exercise routine within 3 to 6 months after operation. The duration of follow-up is still too short to permit evaluation of possible late complications of this procedure.
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Lopez-Majano V, Danckers U, Sullivan JD, Rajagopal T, Koven A. Renal cell carcinoma presenting as systemic hypertension of sudden onset. Int Surg 1975; 60:491-2. [PMID: 1205694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Sullivan JD, Watson SW. Inhibitory effect of heparin on the Limulus test for endotoxin. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 2:151. [PMID: 787001 PMCID: PMC274156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin can inhibit the Limulus test for endotoxin unless 0.05 M CaCl(2) and 0.154 M NaCl are added to the lysate.
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Sullivan JD, Farfan HF. The crumpled neural arch. Orthop Clin North Am 1975; 6:199-214. [PMID: 123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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