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Fehlings DL, Zarrei M, Engchuan W, Sondheimer N, Thiruvahindrapuram B, MacDonald JR, Higginbotham EJ, Thapa R, Behlim T, Aimola S, Switzer L, Ng P, Wei J, Danthi PS, Pellecchia G, Lamoureux S, Ho K, Pereira SL, de Rijke J, Sung WWL, Mowjoodi A, Howe JL, Nalpathamkalam T, Manshaei R, Ghaffari S, Whitney J, Patel RV, Hamdan O, Shaath R, Trost B, Knights S, Samdup D, McCormick A, Hunt C, Kirton A, Kawamura A, Mesterman R, Gorter JW, Dlamini N, Merico D, Hilali M, Hirschfeld K, Grover K, Bautista NX, Han K, Marshall CR, Yuen RKC, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Turvey SE, Mandhane P, Moraes TJ, Simons E, Maxwell G, Shevell M, Costain G, Michaud JL, Hamdan FF, Gauthier J, Uguen K, Stavropoulos DJ, Wintle RF, Oskoui M, Scherer SW. Comprehensive whole-genome sequence analyses provide insights into the genomic architecture of cerebral palsy. Nat Genet 2024; 56:585-594. [PMID: 38553553 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 327 children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their biological parents. We classified 37 of 327 (11.3%) children as having pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and 58 of 327 (17.7%) as having variants of uncertain significance. Multiple classes of P/LP variants included single-nucleotide variants (SNVs)/indels (6.7%), copy number variations (3.4%) and mitochondrial mutations (1.5%). The COL4A1 gene had the most P/LP SNVs. We also analyzed two pediatric control cohorts (n = 203 trios and n = 89 sib-pair families) to provide a baseline for de novo mutation rates and genetic burden analyses, the latter of which demonstrated associations between de novo deleterious variants and genes related to the nervous system. An enrichment analysis revealed previously undescribed plausible candidate CP genes (SMOC1, KDM5B, BCL11A and CYP51A1). A multifactorial CP risk profile and substantial presence of P/LP variants combine to support WGS in the diagnostic work-up across all CP and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy L Fehlings
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Worrawat Engchuan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey R MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward J Higginbotham
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ritesh Thapa
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarannum Behlim
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Aimola
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Switzer
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Ng
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ho
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio L Pereira
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill de Rijke
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson W L Sung
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alireza Mowjoodi
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Nalpathamkalam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roozbeh Manshaei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Cardiac Genome Clinic, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Whitney
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan V Patel
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Hamdan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rulan Shaath
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Knights
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Grandview Children's Centre, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawa Samdup
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna McCormick
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Hunt
- Grandview Children's Centre, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne Kawamura
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronit Mesterman
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vevo Therapeutics Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murto Hilali
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Hirschfeld
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kritika Grover
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelson X Bautista
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Han
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piush Mandhane
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Pediatrics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Translation Medicine & Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - George Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Michael Shevell
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Gauthier
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Uguen
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard F Wintle
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Scala M, Bradley CA, Howe JL, Trost B, Salazar NB, Shum C, Reuter MS, MacDonald JR, Ko SY, Frankland PW, Granger L, Anadiotis G, Pullano V, Brusco A, Keller R, Parisotto S, Pedro HF, Lusk L, McDonnell PP, Helbig I, Mullegama SV, Douine ED, Russell BE, Nelson SF, Zara F, Scherer SW. Genetic variants in DDX53 contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder associated with the Xp22.11 locus. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.21.23300383. [PMID: 38234782 PMCID: PMC10793518 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.23300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibits an ~4:1 male-to-female sex bias and is characterized by early-onset impairment of social/communication skills, restricted interests, and stereotyped behaviors. Disruption of the Xp22.11 locus has been associated with ASD in males. This locus includes the three-exon PTCHD1 gene, an adjacent multi-isoform long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) named PTCHD1-AS (spanning ~1Mb), and a poorly characterized single-exon RNA helicase named DDX53 that is intronic to PTCHD1-AS. While the relationship between PTCHD1/PTCHD1-AS and ASD is being studied, the role of DDX53 has not been examined, in part because there is no apparent functional murine orthologue. Through clinical testing, here, we identified 6 males and 1 female with ASD from 6 unrelated families carrying rare, predicted-damaging or loss-of-function variants in DDX53. Then, we examined databases, including the Autism Speaks MSSNG and Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, as well as population controls. We identified 24 additional individuals with ASD harboring rare, damaging DDX53 variations, including the same variants detected in two families from the original clinical analysis. In this extended cohort of 31 participants with ASD (28 male, 3 female), we identified 25 mostly maternally-inherited variations in DDX53, including 18 missense changes, 2 truncating variants, 2 in-frame variants, 2 deletions in the 3' UTR and 1 copy number deletion. Our findings in humans support a direct link between DDX53 and ASD, which will be important in clinical genetic testing. These same autism-related findings, coupled with the observation that a functional orthologous gene is not found in mouse, may also influence the design and interpretation of murine-modelling of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Clarrisa A. Bradley
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Nelson Bautista Salazar
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Carole Shum
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Miriam S. Reuter
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R. MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sangyoon Y. Ko
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul W. Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Granger
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Randall Children’s Hospital, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - George Anadiotis
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Randall Children’s Hospital, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Verdiana Pullano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Neurosciences Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Centre DSM ASL Città di Torino, 10138 Turin, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisotto
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helio F. Pedro
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laina Lusk
- Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela Pojomovsky McDonnell
- Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Emilie D. Douine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bianca E. Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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3
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Teunissen MWA, Lewerissa E, van Hugte EJH, Wang S, Ockeloen CW, Koolen DA, Pfundt R, Marcelis CLM, Brilstra E, Howe JL, Scherer SW, Le Guillou X, Bilan F, Primiano M, Roohi J, Piton A, de Saint Martin A, Baer S, Seiffert S, Platzer K, Jamra RA, Syrbe S, Doering JH, Lakhani S, Nangia S, Gilissen C, Vermeulen RJ, Rouhl RPW, Brunner HG, Willemsen MH, Kasri NN. ANK2 loss-of-function variants are associated with epilepsy, and lead to impaired axon initial segment plasticity and hyperactive network activity in hiPSC-derived neuronal networks. Hum Mol Genet 2023:7169123. [PMID: 37195288 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome due to loss-of-function (LoF) variants in Ankyrin 2 (ANK2), and to explore the effects on neuronal network dynamics and homeostatic plasticity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. METHODS We collected clinical and molecular data of twelve individuals with heterozygous de novo LoF variants in ANK2. We generated a heterozygous LoF allele of ANK2 using CRISPR/Cas9 in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). HiPSCs were differentiated towards excitatory neurons of which we measured spontaneous electrophysiological responses using micro-electrode arrays (MEAs), characterized somatodendritic morphology and axon initial segment (AIS) structure and plasticity. RESULTS We found a broad neurodevelopmental disorder, comprising intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and early onset epilepsy. Using MEAs, we found that hiPSC-derived neurons with heterozygous LoF of ANK2 show a hyperactive and desynchronized neuronal network. ANK2 deficient neurons also showed increased somatodendritic structures and altered AIS structure of which its plasticity is impaired upon activity-dependent modulation. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic characterization of patients with de novo ANK2 LoF variants define a novel NDD with early onset epilepsy. Our functional in vitro data of ANK2-deficient human neurons show a specific neuronal phenotype in which reduced ANKB expression leads to hyperactive and desynchronized neuronal network activity, increased somatodendritic complexity and AIS structure and impaired activity-dependent plasticity of the AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria W A Teunissen
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Elly Lewerissa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline J H van Hugte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo L M Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, ON M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, ON M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Xavier Le Guillou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Bilan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences University of Poitiers, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France
| | - Michelle Primiano
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbytarian, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Jasmin Roohi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbytarian, 10032 New York, USA
- Clinical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, MD 20852 Rockville, USA
| | - Amelie Piton
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôspitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, BP 426 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôspital de Hautepierre, BP 426 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Baer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôspital de Hautepierre, BP 426 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simone Seiffert
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Paediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Henje Doering
- Division of Paediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shenela Lakhani
- Department of neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Srishti Nangia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Vermeulen
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P W Rouhl
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6299 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Pavinato L, Delle Vedove A, Carli D, Ferrero M, Carestiato S, Howe JL, Agolini E, Coviello DA, van de Laar I, Au PYB, Di Gregorio E, Fabbiani A, Croci S, Mencarelli MA, Bruno LP, Renieri A, Veltra D, Sofocleous C, Faivre L, Mazel B, Safraou H, Denommé-Pichon AS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Giesbertz N, van Jaarsveld RH, Childers A, Rogers RC, Novelli A, De Rubeis S, Buxbaum JD, Scherer SW, Ferrero GB, Wirth B, Brusco A. CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, ADHD and ASD. Brain 2023; 146:534-548. [PMID: 35979925 PMCID: PMC10169411 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an autosomal dominant disorder associated with loss-of-function variants in the Cell cycle associated protein 1 (CAPRIN1; MIM*601178). CAPRIN1 encodes a ubiquitous protein that regulates the transport and translation of neuronal mRNAs critical for synaptic plasticity, as well as mRNAs encoding proteins important for cell proliferation and migration in multiple cell types. We identified 12 cases with loss-of-function CAPRIN1 variants, and a neurodevelopmental phenotype characterized by language impairment/speech delay (100%), intellectual disability (83%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (82%) and autism spectrum disorder (67%). Affected individuals also had respiratory problems (50%), limb/skeletal anomalies (50%), developmental delay (42%) feeding difficulties (33%), seizures (33%) and ophthalmologic problems (33%). In patient-derived lymphoblasts and fibroblasts, we showed a monoallelic expression of the wild-type allele, and a reduction of the transcript and protein compatible with a half dose. To further study pathogenic mechanisms, we generated sCAPRIN1+/- human induced pluripotent stem cells via CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and differentiated them into neuronal progenitor cells and cortical neurons. CAPRIN1 loss caused reduced neuronal processes, overall disruption of the neuronal organization and an increased neuronal degeneration. We also observed an alteration of mRNA translation in CAPRIN1+/- neurons, compatible with its suggested function as translational inhibitor. CAPRIN1+/- neurons also showed an impaired calcium signalling and increased oxidative stress, two mechanisms that may directly affect neuronal networks development, maintenance and function. According to what was previously observed in the mouse model, measurements of activity in CAPRIN1+/- neurons via micro-electrode arrays indicated lower spike rates and bursts, with an overall reduced activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a novel autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder and identify morphological and functional alterations associated with this disorder in human neuronal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.,Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Delle Vedove
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.,Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.,Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Carestiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico A Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ingrid van de Laar
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabbiani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lucia P Bruno
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Danai Veltra
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christalena Sofocleous
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France.,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm-Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Mazel
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Hana Safraou
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm-Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21078 Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm-Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21078 Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marjon A van Slegtenhorst
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Giesbertz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H van Jaarsveld
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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5
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Faheem M, Deneault E, Alexandrova R, Rodrigues DC, Pellecchia G, Shum C, Zarrei M, Piekna A, Wei W, Howe JL, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Lamoureux S, Ross PJ, Bradley CA, Ellis J, Scherer SW. Disruption of DDX53 coding sequence has limited impact on iPSC-derived human NGN2 neurons. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36635662 PMCID: PMC9837974 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The X-linked PTCHD1 locus is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Males who carry chromosome microdeletions of PTCHD1 antisense long non-coding RNA (PTCHD1-AS)/DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53) have ASD, or a sub-clinical form called Broader Autism Phenotype. If the deletion extends beyond PTCHD1-AS/DDX53 to the next gene, PTCHD1, which is protein-coding, the individuals typically have ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Three male siblings with a 90 kb deletion that affects only PTCHD1-AS (and not including DDX53) have ASD. We performed a functional analysis of DDX53 to examine its role in NGN2 neurons. METHODS We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing strategy to knock out DDX53 protein by inserting 3 termination codons (3TCs) into two different induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. DDX53 CRISPR-edited iPSCs were differentiated into cortical excitatory neurons by Neurogenin 2 (NGN-2) directed differentiation. The functional differences of DDX53-3TC neurons compared to isogenic control neurons with molecular and electrophysiological approaches were assessed. RESULTS Isogenic iPSC-derived control neurons exhibited low levels of DDX53 transcripts. Transcriptional analysis revealed the generation of excitatory cortical neurons and DDX53 protein was not detected in iPSC-derived control neurons by western blot. Control lines and DDX53-3TC neurons were active in the multi-electrode array, but no overt electrophysiological phenotype in either isogenic line was observed. CONCLUSION DDX53-3TC mutation does not alter NGN2 neuronal function in these experiments, suggesting that synaptic deficits causing ASD are unlikely in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Eric Deneault
- grid.57544.370000 0001 2110 2143Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research; Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Roumiana Alexandrova
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Deivid C. Rodrigues
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Carole Shum
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Howe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - P. Joel Ross
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.139596.10000 0001 2167 8433Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE Canada
| | - Clarrisa A. Bradley
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James Ellis
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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6
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Trost B, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Chan AJS, Engchuan W, Higginbotham EJ, Howe JL, Loureiro LO, Reuter MS, Roshandel D, Whitney J, Zarrei M, Bookman M, Somerville C, Shaath R, Abdi M, Aliyev E, Patel RV, Nalpathamkalam T, Pellecchia G, Hamdan O, Kaur G, Wang Z, MacDonald JR, Wei J, Sung WWL, Lamoureux S, Hoang N, Selvanayagam T, Deflaux N, Geng M, Ghaffari S, Bates J, Young EJ, Ding Q, Shum C, D'Abate L, Bradley CA, Rutherford A, Aguda V, Apresto B, Chen N, Desai S, Du X, Fong MLY, Pullenayegum S, Samler K, Wang T, Ho K, Paton T, Pereira SL, Herbrick JA, Wintle RF, Fuerth J, Noppornpitak J, Ward H, Magee P, Al Baz A, Kajendirarajah U, Kapadia S, Vlasblom J, Valluri M, Green J, Seifer V, Quirbach M, Rennie O, Kelley E, Masjedi N, Lord C, Szego MJ, Zawati MH, Lang M, Strug LJ, Marshall CR, Costain G, Calli K, Iaboni A, Yusuf A, Ambrozewicz P, Gallagher L, Amaral DG, Brian J, Elsabbagh M, Georgiades S, Messinger DS, Ozonoff S, Sebat J, Sjaarda C, Smith IM, Szatmari P, Zwaigenbaum L, Kushki A, Frazier TW, Vorstman JAS, Fakhro KA, Fernandez BA, Lewis MES, Weksberg R, Fiume M, Yuen RKC, Anagnostou E, Sondheimer N, Glazer D, Hartley DM, Scherer SW. Genomic architecture of autism from comprehensive whole-genome sequence annotation. Cell 2022; 185:4409-4427.e18. [PMID: 36368308 PMCID: PMC10726699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fully understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genetics requires whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We present the latest release of the Autism Speaks MSSNG resource, which includes WGS data from 5,100 individuals with ASD and 6,212 non-ASD parents and siblings (total n = 11,312). Examining a wide variety of genetic variants in MSSNG and the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC; n = 9,205), we identified ASD-associated rare variants in 718/5,100 individuals with ASD from MSSNG (14.1%) and 350/2,419 from SSC (14.5%). Considering genomic architecture, 52% were nuclear sequence-level variants, 46% were nuclear structural variants (including copy-number variants, inversions, large insertions, uniparental isodisomies, and tandem repeat expansions), and 2% were mitochondrial variants. Our study provides a guidebook for exploring genotype-phenotype correlations in families who carry ASD-associated rare variants and serves as an entry point to the expanded studies required to dissect the etiology in the ∼85% of the ASD population that remain idiopathic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Trost
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Ada J S Chan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Worrawat Engchuan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Edward J Higginbotham
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Livia O Loureiro
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Miriam S Reuter
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; CGEn, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Joe Whitney
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Cherith Somerville
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rulan Shaath
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mona Abdi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rohan V Patel
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Thomas Nalpathamkalam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Omar Hamdan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gaganjot Kaur
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Wilson W L Sung
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Thanuja Selvanayagam
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nicole Deflaux
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melissa Geng
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John Bates
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edwin J Young
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Qiliang Ding
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Carole Shum
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lia D'Abate
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Clarrisa A Bradley
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Annabel Rutherford
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Vernie Aguda
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Beverly Apresto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sachin Desai
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Matthew L Y Fong
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Pullenayegum
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kozue Samler
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ting Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Karen Ho
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tara Paton
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio L Pereira
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne Herbrick
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard F Wintle
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivia Rennie
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada
| | - Nina Masjedi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Michael J Szego
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Ma'n H Zawati
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Michael Lang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kristina Calli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Afiqah Yusuf
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Patricia Ambrozewicz
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Child, Youth and Family Services, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - David G Amaral
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jessica Brian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Sally Ozonoff
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin Sjaarda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Thomas W Frazier
- Autism Speaks, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - M E Suzanne Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Glazer
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
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7
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Gofin Y, Wang T, Gillentine MA, Scott TM, Berry AM, Azamian MS, Genetti C, Agrawal PB, Picker J, Wojcik MH, Delgado MR, Lynch SA, Scherer SW, Howe JL, Bacino CA, DiTroia S, VanNoy GE, O’Donnell-Luria A, Lalani SR, Graf WD, Rosenfeld JA, Eichler EE, Earl RK, Scott DA. Delineation of a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with PAX5 haploinsufficiency. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:461-470. [PMID: 35094443 PMCID: PMC8960338 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PAX5 is a transcription factor associated with abnormal posterior midbrain and cerebellum development in mice. PAX5 is highly loss-of-function intolerant and missense constrained, and has been identified as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We describe 16 individuals from 12 families who carry deletions involving PAX5 and surrounding genes, de novo frameshift variants that are likely to trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a rare stop-gain variant, or missense variants that affect conserved amino acid residues. Four of these individuals were published previously but without detailed clinical descriptions. All these individuals have been diagnosed with one or more neurodevelopmental phenotypes including delayed developmental milestones (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and/or ASD. Seizures were documented in four individuals. No recurrent patterns of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, structural birth defects, or dysmorphic features were observed. Our findings suggest that PAX5 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder whose cardinal features include DD, variable ID, and/or ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Gofin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madelyn A. Gillentine
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tiana M. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Aliska M. Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahshid S. Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Casie Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Picker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica H. Wojcik
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mauricio R. Delgado
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Howe
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos A. Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie DiTroia
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace E. VanNoy
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William D. Graf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Connecticut Children’s, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel K. Earl
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Autism Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Nassir N, Bankapur A, Samara B, Ali A, Ahmed A, Inuwa IM, Zarrei M, Safizadeh Shabestari SA, AlBanna A, Howe JL, Berdiev BK, Scherer SW, Woodbury-Smith M, Uddin M. Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:68. [PMID: 34802461 PMCID: PMC8607722 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, several hundred autism spectrum disorder (ASD) implicated genes have been discovered impacting a wide range of molecular pathways. However, the molecular underpinning of ASD, particularly from the point of view of 'brain to behaviour' pathogenic mechanisms, remains largely unknown. METHODS We undertook a study to investigate patterns of spatiotemporal and cell type expression of ASD-implicated genes by integrating large-scale brain single-cell transcriptomes (> million cells) and de novo loss-of-function (LOF) ASD variants (impacting 852 genes from 40,122 cases). RESULTS We identified multiple single-cell clusters from three distinct developmental human brain regions (anterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus and primary visual cortex) that evidenced high evolutionary constraint through enrichment for brain critical exons and high pLI genes. These clusters also showed significant enrichment with ASD loss-of-function variant genes (p < 5.23 × 10-11) that are transcriptionally highly active in prenatal brain regions (visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Mapping ASD de novo LOF variant genes into large-scale human and mouse brain single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrate enrichment of such genes into neuronal subtypes and are also enriched for subtype of non-neuronal glial cell types (astrocyte, p < 6.40 × 10-11, oligodendrocyte, p < 1.31 × 10-09). CONCLUSION Among the ASD genes enriched with pathogenic de novo LOF variants (i.e. KANK1, PLXNB1), a subgroup has restricted transcriptional regulation in non-neuronal cell types that are evolutionarily conserved. This association strongly suggests the involvement of subtype of non-neuronal glial cells in the pathogenesis of ASD and the need to explore other biological pathways for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasna Nassir
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Asma Bankapur
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Bisan Samara
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Awab Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Ibrahim M Inuwa
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ammar AlBanna
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.,The Mental Health Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bakhrom K Berdiev
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE. .,Cellular Intelligence (Ci) Lab, GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Loureiro LO, Howe JL, Reuter MS, Iaboni A, Calli K, Roshandel D, Pritišanac I, Moses A, Forman-Kay JD, Trost B, Zarrei M, Rennie O, Lau LYS, Marshall CR, Srivastava S, Godlewski B, Buttermore ED, Sahin M, Hartley D, Frazier T, Vorstman J, Georgiades S, Lewis SME, Szatmari P, Bradley CAL, Tabet AC, Willems M, Lumbroso S, Piton A, Lespinasse J, Delorme R, Bourgeron T, Anagnostou E, Scherer SW. A recurrent SHANK3 frameshift variant in Autism Spectrum Disorder. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:91. [PMID: 34737294 PMCID: PMC8568906 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is genetically complex with ~100 copy number variants and genes involved. To try to establish more definitive genotype and phenotype correlations in ASD, we searched genome sequence data, and the literature, for recurrent predicted damaging sequence-level variants affecting single genes. We identified 18 individuals from 16 unrelated families carrying a heterozygous guanine duplication (c.3679dup; p.Ala1227Glyfs*69) occurring within a string of 8 guanines (genomic location [hg38]g.50,721,512dup) affecting SHANK3, a prototypical ASD gene (0.08% of ASD-affected individuals carried the predicted p.Ala1227Glyfs*69 frameshift variant). Most probands carried de novo mutations, but five individuals in three families inherited it through somatic mosaicism. We scrutinized the phenotype of p.Ala1227Glyfs*69 carriers, and while everyone (17/17) formally tested for ASD carried a diagnosis, there was the variable expression of core ASD features both within and between families. Defining such recurrent mutational mechanisms underlying an ASD outcome is important for genetic counseling and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia O Loureiro
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam S Reuter
- Canada's Genomics Enterprise (CGEn), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Calli
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iva Pritišanac
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Moses
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Rennie
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynette Y S Lau
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna Godlewski
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Buttermore
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Frazier
- Autism Speaks and Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne M E Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clarrisa A Lisa Bradley
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- Genetics Department, Cytogenetic Unit, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, F-75019, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Lumbroso
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ. Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics and Genome Biology and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Trost B, Engchuan W, Nguyen CM, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Dolzhenko E, Backstrom I, Mirceta M, Mojarad BA, Yin Y, Dov A, Chandrakumar I, Prasolava T, Shum N, Hamdan O, Pellecchia G, Howe JL, Whitney J, Klee EW, Baheti S, Amaral DG, Anagnostou E, Elsabbagh M, Fernandez BA, Hoang N, Lewis MES, Liu X, Sjaarda C, Smith IM, Szatmari P, Zwaigenbaum L, Glazer D, Hartley D, Stewart AK, Eberle MA, Sato N, Pearson CE, Scherer SW, Yuen RKC. Genome-wide detection of tandem DNA repeats that are expanded in autism. Nature 2020; 586:80-86. [PMID: 32717741 PMCID: PMC9348607 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tandem DNA repeats vary in the size and sequence of each unit (motif). When expanded, these tandem DNA repeats have been associated with more than 40 monogenic disorders1. Their involvement in disorders with complex genetics is largely unknown, as is the extent of their heterogeneity. Here we investigated the genome-wide characteristics of tandem repeats that had motifs with a length of 2-20 base pairs in 17,231 genomes of families containing individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)2,3 and population control individuals4. We found extensive polymorphism in the size and sequence of motifs. Many of the tandem repeat loci that we detected correlated with cytogenetic fragile sites. At 2,588 loci, gene-associated expansions of tandem repeats that were rare among population control individuals were significantly more prevalent among individuals with ASD than their siblings without ASD, particularly in exons and near splice junctions, and in genes related to the development of the nervous system and cardiovascular system or muscle. Rare tandem repeat expansions had a prevalence of 23.3% in children with ASD compared with 20.7% in children without ASD, which suggests that tandem repeat expansions make a collective contribution to the risk of ASD of 2.6%. These rare tandem repeat expansions included previously undescribed ASD-linked expansions in DMPK and FXN, which are associated with neuromuscular conditions, and in previously unknown loci such as FGF14 and CACNB1. Rare tandem repeat expansions were associated with lower IQ and adaptive ability. Our results show that tandem DNA repeat expansions contribute strongly to the genetic aetiology and phenotypic complexity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Trost
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Worrawat Engchuan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte M Nguyen
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ian Backstrom
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mila Mirceta
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahareh A Mojarad
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yue Yin
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alona Dov
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Induja Chandrakumar
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Prasolava
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Shum
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Hamdan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Whitney
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Amaral
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M E Suzanne Lewis
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin Sjaarda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Glazer
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - A Keith Stewart
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Nozomu Sato
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher E Pearson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Woodbury-Smith M, Zarrei M, Wei J, Thiruvahindrapuram B, O'Connor I, Paterson AD, Yuen RKC, Dastan J, Stavropoulos DJ, Howe JL, Thompson A, Parlier M, Fernandez B, Piven J, Anagnostou E, Scherer SW, Vieland VJ, Szatmari P. Segregating patterns of copy number variations in extended autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pedigrees. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:268-276. [PMID: 32372567 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a relatively common childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. While progress has been made in identifying the de novo mutational landscape of ASD, the genetic factors that underpin the ASD's tendency to run in families are not well understood. In this study, nine extended pedigrees each with three or more individuals with ASD, and others with a lesser autism phenotype, were phenotyped and genotyped in an attempt to identify heritable copy number variants (CNVs). Although these families have previously generated linkage signals, no rare CNV segregated with these signals in any family. A small number of clinically relevant CNVs were identified. Only one CNV was identified that segregated with ASD phenotype; namely, a duplication overlapping DLGAP2 in three male offspring each with an ASD diagnosis. This gene encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein, part of a group of proteins known to be pathologically implicated in ASD. On the whole, however, the heritable nature of ASD in the families studied remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Irene O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jila Dastan
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan Parlier
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bridget Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Center, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica J Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Zarrei M, Burton CL, Engchuan W, Young EJ, Higginbotham EJ, MacDonald JR, Trost B, Chan AJS, Walker S, Lamoureux S, Heung T, Mojarad BA, Kellam B, Paton T, Faheem M, Miron K, Lu C, Wang T, Samler K, Wang X, Costain G, Hoang N, Pellecchia G, Wei J, Patel RV, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Roifman M, Merico D, Goodale T, Drmic I, Speevak M, Howe JL, Yuen RKC, Buchanan JA, Vorstman JAS, Marshall CR, Wintle RF, Rosenberg DR, Hanna GL, Woodbury-Smith M, Cytrynbaum C, Zwaigenbaum L, Elsabbagh M, Flanagan J, Fernandez BA, Carter MT, Szatmari P, Roberts W, Lerch J, Liu X, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Weksberg R, Arnold PD, Bassett AS, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Stavropoulos DJ, Anagnostou E, Scherer SW. A large data resource of genomic copy number variation across neurodevelopmental disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2019; 4:26. [PMID: 31602316 PMCID: PMC6779875 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-019-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are implicated across many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and contribute to their shared genetic etiology. Multiple studies have attempted to identify shared etiology among NDDs, but this is the first genome-wide CNV analysis across autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) at once. Using microarray (Affymetrix CytoScan HD), we genotyped 2,691 subjects diagnosed with an NDD (204 SCZ, 1,838 ASD, 427 ADHD and 222 OCD) and 1,769 family members, mainly parents. We identified rare CNVs, defined as those found in <0.1% of 10,851 population control samples. We found clinically relevant CNVs (broadly defined) in 284 (10.5%) of total subjects, including 22 (10.8%) among subjects with SCZ, 209 (11.4%) with ASD, 40 (9.4%) with ADHD, and 13 (5.6%) with OCD. Among all NDD subjects, we identified 17 (0.63%) with aneuploidies and 115 (4.3%) with known genomic disorder variants. We searched further for genes impacted by different CNVs in multiple disorders. Examples of NDD-associated genes linked across more than one disorder (listed in order of occurrence frequency) are NRXN1, SEH1L, LDLRAD4, GNAL, GNG13, MKRN1, DCTN2, KNDC1, PCMTD2, KIF5A, SYNM, and long non-coding RNAs: AK127244 and PTCHD1-AS. We demonstrated that CNVs impacting the same genes could potentially contribute to the etiology of multiple NDDs. The CNVs identified will serve as a useful resource for both research and diagnostic laboratories for prioritization of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zarrei
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christie L Burton
- 3Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Worrawat Engchuan
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Edwin J Young
- 4Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Edward J Higginbotham
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jeffrey R MacDonald
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ada J S Chan
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tracy Heung
- 6Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Bahareh A Mojarad
- 2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Barbara Kellam
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tara Paton
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Karin Miron
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ting Wang
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kozue Samler
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- 7Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,8Medical Genetics Residency Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- 2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,9Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - John Wei
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rohan V Patel
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Maian Roifman
- 7Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,10The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada.,11Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tara Goodale
- 3Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Irene Drmic
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, On Canada
| | - Marsha Speevak
- 14Trillium Health Partners Credit Valley Site, Mississauga, Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Janet A Buchanan
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- 15Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,16Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,4Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,17Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Richard F Wintle
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David R Rosenberg
- 18Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.,19The Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI United States
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- 20Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,21Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- 2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,7Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,22Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- 24Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Janine Flanagan
- 11Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- 25Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- 26Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- 15Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,27Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada.,28Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Wendy Roberts
- 16Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jason Lerch
- 29Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,30Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xudong Liu
- 31Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kinston, ON Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- 32Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada.,33Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- 34Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- 2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,7Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- 2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,35Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada.,36Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- 6Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada.,15Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,37The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- 3Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,15Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- 3Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,15Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,38Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- 4Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- 39Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- 1The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,2Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,40Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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13
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Deneault E, Faheem M, White SH, Rodrigues DC, Sun S, Wei W, Piekna A, Thompson T, Howe JL, Chalil L, Kwan V, Walker S, Pasceri P, Roth FP, Yuen RK, Singh KK, Ellis J, Scherer SW. CNTN5-/+or EHMT2-/+human iPSC-derived neurons from individuals with autism develop hyperactive neuronal networks. eLife 2019; 8:40092. [PMID: 30747104 PMCID: PMC6372285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons are increasingly used to model Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. To study the complex relationship of penetrant and weaker polygenic risk variants to ASD, 'isogenic' iPSC-derived neurons are critical. We developed a set of procedures to control for heterogeneity in reprogramming and differentiation, and generated 53 different iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal lines from 25 participants from 12 unrelated families with ASD. Heterozygous de novo and rare-inherited presumed-damaging variants were characterized in ASD risk genes/loci. Combinations of putative etiologic variants (GLI3/KIF21A or EHMT2/UBE2I) in separate families were modeled. We used a multi-electrode array, with patch-clamp recordings, to determine a reproducible synaptic phenotype in 25% of the individuals with ASD (other relevant data on the remaining lines was collected). Our most compelling new results revealed a consistent spontaneous network hyperactivity in neurons deficient for CNTN5 or EHMT2. The biobank of iPSC-derived neurons and accompanying genomic data are available to accelerate ASD research. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deneault
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean H White
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Song Sun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tadeo Thompson
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leon Chalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vickie Kwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Pasceri
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan Kc Yuen
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Deneault E, White SH, Rodrigues DC, Ross PJ, Faheem M, Zaslavsky K, Wang Z, Alexandrova R, Pellecchia G, Wei W, Piekna A, Kaur G, Howe JL, Kwan V, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Walker S, Lionel AC, Pasceri P, Merico D, Yuen RKC, Singh KK, Ellis J, Scherer SW. Complete Disruption of Autism-Susceptibility Genes by Gene Editing Predominantly Reduces Functional Connectivity of Isogenic Human Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:427-429. [PMID: 30759379 PMCID: PMC6373432 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Deneault E, White SH, Rodrigues DC, Ross PJ, Faheem M, Zaslavsky K, Wang Z, Alexandrova R, Pellecchia G, Wei W, Piekna A, Kaur G, Howe JL, Kwan V, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Walker S, Lionel AC, Pasceri P, Merico D, Yuen RKC, Singh KK, Ellis J, Scherer SW. Complete Disruption of Autism-Susceptibility Genes by Gene Editing Predominantly Reduces Functional Connectivity of Isogenic Human Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1211-1225. [PMID: 30392976 PMCID: PMC6235011 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. We present a CRISPR gene editing strategy to insert a protein tag and premature termination sites creating an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) knockout resource for functional studies of ten ASD-relevant genes (AFF2/FMR2, ANOS1, ASTN2, ATRX, CACNA1C, CHD8, DLGAP2, KCNQ2, SCN2A, TENM1). Neurogenin 2 (NGN2)-directed induction of iPSCs allowed production of excitatory neurons, and mutant proteins were not detectable. RNA sequencing revealed convergence of several neuronal networks. Using both patch-clamp and multi-electrode array approaches, the electrophysiological deficits measured were distinct for different mutations. However, they culminated in a consistent reduction in synaptic activity, including reduced spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies in AFF2/FMR2-, ASTN2-, ATRX-, KCNQ2-, and SCN2A-null neurons. Despite ASD susceptibility genes belonging to different gene ontologies, isogenic stem cell resources can reveal common functional phenotypes, such as reduced functional connectivity. iPSC knockout resource for functional studies of ten ASD-risk genes Disruption of common transcriptional networks associated with neurons and synapses Reduced synaptic activity commonly observed for functionally diverse ASD-risk genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deneault
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sean H White
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - P Joel Ross
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kirill Zaslavsky
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Roumiana Alexandrova
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gaganjot Kaur
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vickie Kwan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Susan Walker
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anath C Lionel
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Peter Pasceri
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - James Ellis
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada.
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada.
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16
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Woodbury-Smith M, Paterson AD, O'Connor I, Zarrei M, Yuen RKC, Howe JL, Thompson A, Parlier M, Fernandez B, Piven J, Scherer SW, Vieland V, Szatmari P. A genome-wide linkage study of autism spectrum disorder and the broad autism phenotype in extended pedigrees. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 29890955 PMCID: PMC5996536 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several genetic variants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have now been identified, these largely occur sporadically or are de novo. Much less progress has been made in identifying inherited variants, even though the disorder itself is familial in the majority of cases. The objective of this study was to identify chromosomal regions that harbor inherited variants increasing the risk for ASD using an approach that examined both ASD and the broad autism phenotype (BAP) among a unique sample of extended pedigrees. METHODS ASD and BAP were assessed using standardized tools in 28 pedigrees from Canada and the USA, each with at least three ASD-diagnosed individuals from two nuclear families. Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed using the posterior probability of linkage (PPL) statistic, a quasi-Bayesian method that provides strength of evidence for or against linkage in an essentially model-free manner, with outcomes on the probability scale. RESULTS The results confirm appreciable interfamilial heterogeneity as well as a high level of intrafamilial heterogeneity. Both ASD and combined ASD/BAP specific loci are apparent. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of subclinical phenotypes such as BAP should be more widely employed in genetic studies of ASD as a way of identifying inherited genetic variants for the disorder. Moreover, the results underscore the need for approaches to identifying genetic risk factors in extended pedigrees that are robust to high levels of inter/intrafamilial locus and allelic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK. .,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan Parlier
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bridget Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronica Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Woodbury-Smith M, Deneault E, Yuen RKC, Walker S, Zarrei M, Pellecchia G, Howe JL, Hoang N, Uddin M, Marshall CR, Chrysler C, Thompson A, Szatmari P, Scherer SW. Mutations in RAB39B in individuals with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and macrocephaly. Mol Autism 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 29152164 PMCID: PMC5679329 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a developmental disorder of early childhood onset, affects males four times more frequently than females, suggesting a role for the sex chromosomes. In this study, we describe a family with ASD in which a predicted pathogenic nonsense mutation in the X-chromosome gene RAB39B segregates with ASD phenotype. Methods Clinical phenotyping, microarray, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on the five members of this family. Maternal and female sibling X inactivation ratio was calculated, and phase was investigated. Mutant-induced pluripotent stem cells engineered for an exon 2 nonsense mutation were generated and differentiated into cortical neurons for expression and pathway analyses. Results Two males with an inherited RAB39B mutation both presented with macrocephaly, intellectual disability (ID), and ASD. Their female sibling with the same mutation presented with ID and a broad autism phenotype. In contrast, their transmitting mother has no neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Our investigation of phase indicated maternal preferential inactivation of the mutated allele, with no such bias observed in the female sibling. We offer the explanation that this bias in X inactivation may explain the absence of a neurocognitive phenotype in the mother. Our cellular knockout model of RAB39B revealed an impact on expression in differentiated neurons for several genes implicated in brain development and function, supported by our pathway enrichment analysis. Conclusions Penetrance for ASD is high among males but more variable among females with RAB39B mutations. A critical role for this gene in brain development and function is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, c/o Sir James Spence Institute, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP UK.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Eric Deneault
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christina Chrysler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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18
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C Yuen RK, Merico D, Bookman M, L Howe J, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Patel RV, Whitney J, Deflaux N, Bingham J, Wang Z, Pellecchia G, Buchanan JA, Walker S, Marshall CR, Uddin M, Zarrei M, Deneault E, D'Abate L, Chan AJS, Koyanagi S, Paton T, Pereira SL, Hoang N, Engchuan W, Higginbotham EJ, Ho K, Lamoureux S, Li W, MacDonald JR, Nalpathamkalam T, Sung WWL, Tsoi FJ, Wei J, Xu L, Tasse AM, Kirby E, Van Etten W, Twigger S, Roberts W, Drmic I, Jilderda S, Modi BM, Kellam B, Szego M, Cytrynbaum C, Weksberg R, Zwaigenbaum L, Woodbury-Smith M, Brian J, Senman L, Iaboni A, Doyle-Thomas K, Thompson A, Chrysler C, Leef J, Savion-Lemieux T, Smith IM, Liu X, Nicolson R, Seifer V, Fedele A, Cook EH, Dager S, Estes A, Gallagher L, Malow BA, Parr JR, Spence SJ, Vorstman J, Frey BJ, Robinson JT, Strug LJ, Fernandez BA, Elsabbagh M, Carter MT, Hallmayer J, Knoppers BM, Anagnostou E, Szatmari P, Ring RH, Glazer D, Pletcher MT, Scherer SW. Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:602-611. [PMID: 28263302 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We are performing whole-genome sequencing of families with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to build a resource (MSSNG) for subcategorizing the phenotypes and underlying genetic factors involved. Here we report sequencing of 5,205 samples from families with ASD, accompanied by clinical information, creating a database accessible on a cloud platform and through a controlled-access internet portal. We found an average of 73.8 de novo single nucleotide variants and 12.6 de novo insertions and deletions or copy number variations per ASD subject. We identified 18 new candidate ASD-risk genes and found that participants bearing mutations in susceptibility genes had significantly lower adaptive ability (P = 6 × 10-4). In 294 of 2,620 (11.2%) of ASD cases, a molecular basis could be determined and 7.2% of these carried copy number variations and/or chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing the importance of detecting all forms of genetic variation as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Matt Bookman
- Google, Mountain View, California, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rohan V Patel
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joe Whitney
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole Deflaux
- Google, Mountain View, California, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Bingham
- Google, Mountain View, California, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janet A Buchanan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Deneault
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lia D'Abate
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ada J S Chan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie Koyanagi
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tara Paton
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sergio L Pereira
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Worrawat Engchuan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edward J Higginbotham
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen Ho
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weili Li
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Nalpathamkalam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wilson W L Sung
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fiona J Tsoi
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lizhen Xu
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Tasse
- Public Population Project in Genomics and Society, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily Kirby
- Public Population Project in Genomics and Society, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene Drmic
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanne Jilderda
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bonnie MacKinnon Modi
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barbara Kellam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Szego
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lili Senman
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christina Chrysler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Leef
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Isabel M Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Psychology &Neuroscience, Dalhousie University and Autism Research Centre, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kinston, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Edwin H Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annette Estes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beth A Malow
- Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah J Spence
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Brendan J Frey
- Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James T Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa J Strug
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Provincial Medical Genetic Program, Eastern Health, St. John's, Canada
| | | | - Melissa T Carter
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Szatmari
- Child Youth and Family Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert H Ring
- Department of Pharmacology &Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Glazer
- Google, Mountain View, California, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Yuen RKC, Merico D, Cao H, Pellecchia G, Alipanahi B, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Tong X, Sun Y, Cao D, Zhang T, Wu X, Jin X, Zhou Z, Liu X, Nalpathamkalam T, Walker S, Howe JL, Wang Z, MacDonald JR, Chan A, D'Abate L, Deneault E, Siu MT, Tammimies K, Uddin M, Zarrei M, Wang M, Li Y, Wang J, Wang J, Yang H, Bookman M, Bingham J, Gross SS, Loy D, Pletcher M, Marshall CR, Anagnostou E, Zwaigenbaum L, Weksberg R, Fernandez BA, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Glazer D, Frey BJ, Ring RH, Xu X, Scherer SW. Genome-wide characteristics of de novo mutations in autism. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1:160271-1602710. [PMID: 27525107 PMCID: PMC4980121 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNMs) are important in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but so far analyses have mainly been on the ~1.5% of the genome encoding genes. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 200 ASD parent-child trios and characterized germline and somatic DNMs. We confirmed that the majority of germline DNMs (75.6%) originated from the father, and these increased significantly with paternal age only (p=4.2×10-10). However, when clustered DNMs (those within 20kb) were found in ASD, not only did they mostly originate from the mother (p=7.7×10-13), but they could also be found adjacent to de novo copy number variations (CNVs) where the mutation rate was significantly elevated (p=2.4×10-24). By comparing DNMs detected in controls, we found a significant enrichment of predicted damaging DNMs in ASD cases (p=8.0×10-9; OR=1.84), of which 15.6% (p=4.3×10-3) and 22.5% (p=7.0×10-5) were in the non-coding or genic non-coding, respectively. The non-coding elements most enriched for DNM were untranslated regions of genes, boundaries involved in exon-skipping and DNase I hypersensitive regions. Using microarrays and a novel outlier detection test, we also found aberrant methylation profiles in 2/185 (1.1%) of ASD cases. These same individuals carried independently identified DNMs in the ASD risk- and epigenetic- genes DNMT3A and ADNP. Our data begins to characterize different genome-wide DNMs, and highlight the contribution of non-coding variants, to the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babak Alipanahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Thomas Nalpathamkalam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ada Chan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lia D'Abate
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Deneault
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle T Siu
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Dion Loy
- Google, Mountain View, California, USA
| | | | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada; Provincial Medical Genetic Program, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child Youth and Family Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Glazer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan J Frey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Tammimies K, Marshall CR, Walker S, Kaur G, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Lionel AC, Yuen RKC, Uddin M, Roberts W, Weksberg R, Woodbury-Smith M, Zwaigenbaum L, Anagnostou E, Wang Z, Wei J, Howe JL, Gazzellone MJ, Lau L, Sung WWL, Whitten K, Vardy C, Crosbie V, Tsang B, D'Abate L, Tong WWL, Luscombe S, Doyle T, Carter MT, Szatmari P, Stuckless S, Merico D, Stavropoulos DJ, Scherer SW, Fernandez BA. Molecular Diagnostic Yield of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis and Whole-Exome Sequencing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA 2015; 314:895-903. [PMID: 26325558 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The use of genome-wide tests to provide molecular diagnosis for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires more study. OBJECTIVE To perform chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a heterogeneous group of children with ASD to determine the molecular diagnostic yield of these tests in a sample typical of a developmental pediatric clinic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 258 consecutively ascertained unrelated children with ASD who underwent detailed assessments to define morphology scores based on the presence of major congenital abnormalities and minor physical anomalies. The children were recruited between 2008 and 2013 in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The probands were stratified into 3 groups of increasing morphological severity: essential, equivocal, and complex (scores of 0-3, 4-5, and ≥6). EXPOSURES All probands underwent CMA, with WES performed for 95 proband-parent trios. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The overall molecular diagnostic yield for CMA and WES in a population-based ASD sample stratified in 3 phenotypic groups. RESULTS Of 258 probands, 24 (9.3%, 95%CI, 6.1%-13.5%) received a molecular diagnosis from CMA and 8 of 95 (8.4%, 95%CI, 3.7%-15.9%) from WES. The yields were statistically different between the morphological groups. Among the children who underwent both CMA and WES testing, the estimated proportion with an identifiable genetic etiology was 15.8% (95%CI, 9.1%-24.7%; 15/95 children). This included 2 children who received molecular diagnoses from both tests. The combined yield was significantly higher in the complex group when compared with the essential group (pairwise comparison, P = .002). [table: see text]. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among a heterogeneous sample of children with ASD, the molecular diagnostic yields of CMA and WES were comparable, and the combined molecular diagnostic yield was higher in children with more complex morphological phenotypes in comparison with the children in the essential category. If replicated in additional populations, these findings may inform appropriate selection of molecular diagnostic testing for children affected by ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Tammimies
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, K
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatrics Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaganjot Kaur
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anath C Lionel
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gazzellone
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynette Lau
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatrics Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wilson W L Sung
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Whitten
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Cathy Vardy
- Child Health Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada13Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Victoria Crosbie
- Child Health Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada13Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Brian Tsang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lia D'Abate
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie W L Tong
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Luscombe
- Child Health Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Tyna Doyle
- Child Health Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada13Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Stuckless
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatrics Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada15Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada16Department of Molecular Genetics and the McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada14Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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21
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Pinto D, Delaby E, Merico D, Barbosa M, Merikangas A, Klei L, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Xu X, Ziman R, Wang Z, Vorstman JAS, Thompson A, Regan R, Pilorge M, Pellecchia G, Pagnamenta AT, Oliveira B, Marshall CR, Magalhaes TR, Lowe JK, Howe JL, Griswold AJ, Gilbert J, Duketis E, Dombroski BA, De Jonge MV, Cuccaro M, Crawford EL, Correia CT, Conroy J, Conceição IC, Chiocchetti AG, Casey JP, Cai G, Cabrol C, Bolshakova N, Bacchelli E, Anney R, Gallinger S, Cotterchio M, Casey G, Zwaigenbaum L, Wittemeyer K, Wing K, Wallace S, van Engeland H, Tryfon A, Thomson S, Soorya L, Rogé B, Roberts W, Poustka F, Mouga S, Minshew N, McInnes LA, McGrew SG, Lord C, Leboyer M, Le Couteur AS, Kolevzon A, Jiménez González P, Jacob S, Holt R, Guter S, Green J, Green A, Gillberg C, Fernandez BA, Duque F, Delorme R, Dawson G, Chaste P, Café C, Brennan S, Bourgeron T, Bolton PF, Bölte S, Bernier R, Baird G, Bailey AJ, Anagnostou E, Almeida J, Wijsman EM, Vieland VJ, Vicente AM, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance M, Paterson AD, Parr JR, Oliveira G, Nurnberger JI, Monaco AP, Maestrini E, Klauck SM, Hakonarson H, Haines JL, Geschwind DH, Freitag CM, Folstein SE, Ennis S, Coon H, Battaglia A, Szatmari P, Sutcliffe JS, Hallmayer J, Gill M, Cook EH, Buxbaum JD, Devlin B, Gallagher L, Betancur C, Scherer SW. Convergence of genes and cellular pathways dysregulated in autism spectrum disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:677-94. [PMID: 24768552 PMCID: PMC4067558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed 2,446 ASD-affected families and confirmed an excess of genic deletions and duplications in affected versus control groups (1.41-fold, p = 1.0 × 10−5) and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio = 12.62, p = 2.7 × 10−15, ∼3% of ASD subjects). Pathogenic CNVs, often showing variable expressivity, included rare de novo and inherited events at 36 loci, implicating ASD-associated genes (CHD2, HDAC4, and GDI1) previously linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as other genes such as SETD5, MIR137, and HDAC9. Consistent with hypothesized gender-specific modulators, females with ASD were more likely to have highly penetrant CNVs (p = 0.017) and were also overrepresented among subjects with fragile X syndrome protein targets (p = 0.02). Genes affected by de novo CNVs and/or loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants converged on networks related to neuronal signaling and development, synapse function, and chromatin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Pinto
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elsa Delaby
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, 75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, 75005 Paris, France; Neuroscience Paris Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniele Merico
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mafalda Barbosa
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Ziman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Regina Regan
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland; Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion Pilorge
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, 75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, 75005 Paris, France; Neuroscience Paris Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Bárbara Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional, & Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tiago R Magalhaes
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland; Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jennifer K Lowe
- Department of Neurology and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maretha V De Jonge
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Emily L Crawford
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Human Genetics Research, and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catarina T Correia
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional, & Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Judith Conroy
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Children's University Hospital Temple Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Inês C Conceição
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional, & Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jillian P Casey
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland; Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Guiqing Cai
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christelle Cabrol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, 75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, 75005 Paris, France; Neuroscience Paris Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bolshakova
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard Anney
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
| | | | - Kirsty Wing
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Herman van Engeland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Tryfon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Susanne Thomson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Human Genetics Research, and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bernadette Rogé
- Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Octogone, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, Toulouse 2 University, 31058 Toulouse, France
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susana Mouga
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nancy Minshew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - L Alison McInnes
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Susan G McGrew
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marion Leboyer
- FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, 94010 Créteil, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ann S Le Couteur
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patricia Jiménez González
- Child Developmental and Behavioral Unit, Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Sáenz Herrera, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Suma Jacob
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stephen Guter
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Jonathan Green
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, 41119 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bridget A Fernandez
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Frederico Duque
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Richard Delorme
- FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2182 (Genes, Synapses, and Cognition), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cátia Café
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sean Brennan
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2182 (Genes, Synapses, and Cognition), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick F Bolton
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London & Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gillian Baird
- Paediatric Neurodisability, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anthony J Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Joana Almeida
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ellen M Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Veronica J Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Astrid M Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional, & Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Program in Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anthony P Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Office of the President, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Human Genetics Research, and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan E Folstein
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sean Ennis
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Hilary Coon
- Utah Autism Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James S Sutcliffe
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Human Genetics Research, and Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, 75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, 75005 Paris, France; Neuroscience Paris Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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22
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Lionel AC, Tammimies K, Vaags AK, Rosenfeld JA, Ahn JW, Merico D, Noor A, Runke CK, Pillalamarri VK, Carter MT, Gazzellone MJ, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Fagerberg C, Laulund LW, Pellecchia G, Lamoureux S, Deshpande C, Clayton-Smith J, White AC, Leather S, Trounce J, Melanie Bedford H, Hatchwell E, Eis PS, Yuen RKC, Walker S, Uddin M, Geraghty MT, Nikkel SM, Tomiak EM, Fernandez BA, Soreni N, Crosbie J, Arnold PD, Schachar RJ, Roberts W, Paterson AD, So J, Szatmari P, Chrysler C, Woodbury-Smith M, Brian Lowry R, Zwaigenbaum L, Mandyam D, Wei J, Macdonald JR, Howe JL, Nalpathamkalam T, Wang Z, Tolson D, Cobb DS, Wilks TM, Sorensen MJ, Bader PI, An Y, Wu BL, Musumeci SA, Romano C, Postorivo D, Nardone AM, Monica MD, Scarano G, Zoccante L, Novara F, Zuffardi O, Ciccone R, Antona V, Carella M, Zelante L, Cavalli P, Poggiani C, Cavallari U, Argiropoulos B, Chernos J, Brasch-Andersen C, Speevak M, Fichera M, Ogilvie CM, Shen Y, Hodge JC, Talkowski ME, Stavropoulos DJ, Marshall CR, Scherer SW. Disruption of the ASTN2/TRIM32 locus at 9q33.1 is a risk factor in males for autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2752-68. [PMID: 24381304 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare copy number variants (CNVs) disrupting ASTN2 or both ASTN2 and TRIM32 have been reported at 9q33.1 by genome-wide studies in a few individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The vertebrate-specific astrotactins, ASTN2 and its paralog ASTN1, have key roles in glial-guided neuronal migration during brain development. To determine the prevalence of astrotactin mutations and delineate their associated phenotypic spectrum, we screened ASTN2/TRIM32 and ASTN1 (1q25.2) for exonic CNVs in clinical microarray data from 89 985 individuals across 10 sites, including 64 114 NDD subjects. In this clinical dataset, we identified 46 deletions and 12 duplications affecting ASTN2. Deletions of ASTN1 were much rarer. Deletions near the 3' terminus of ASTN2, which would disrupt all transcript isoforms (a subset of these deletions also included TRIM32), were significantly enriched in the NDD subjects (P = 0.002) compared with 44 085 population-based controls. Frequent phenotypes observed in individuals with such deletions include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), speech delay, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The 3'-terminal ASTN2 deletions were significantly enriched compared with controls in males with NDDs, but not in females. Upon quantifying ASTN2 human brain RNA, we observed shorter isoforms expressed from an alternative transcription start site of recent evolutionary origin near the 3' end. Spatiotemporal expression profiling in the human brain revealed consistently high ASTN1 expression while ASTN2 expression peaked in the early embryonic neocortex and postnatal cerebellar cortex. Our findings shed new light on the role of the astrotactins in psychopathology and their interplay in human neurodevelopment.
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23
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Anney R, Klei L, Pinto D, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Baird G, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Casey J, Conroy J, Correia C, Corsello C, Crawford EL, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Green A, Green J, Guter SJ, Heron EA, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Jacob S, Kenny GP, Kim C, Kolevzon A, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Law-Smith M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Liu XQ, Lombard F, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Magalhaes TR, Mantoulan C, McDougle CJ, Melhem NM, Merikangas A, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Noakes C, Nygren G, Papanikolaou K, Pagnamenta AT, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Posey DJ, Poustka F, Ragoussis J, Regan R, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Schlitt S, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stoppioni V, Sykes N, Tancredi R, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Vorstman JAS, Wallace S, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Bailey AJ, Battaglia A, Cantor RM, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Dawson G, Ennis S, Freitag CM, Geschwind DH, Haines JL, Klauck SM, McMahon WM, Maestrini E, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nelson SF, Nurnberger JI, Oliveira G, Parr JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Piven J, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Vicente AM, Wassink TH, Wijsman EM, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cook EH, Gallagher L, Gill M, Hallmayer J, Paterson AD, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vieland VJ, Hakonarson H, Devlin B. Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4781-92. [PMID: 22843504 PMCID: PMC3471395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is apparent that rare variation can play an important role in the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the contribution of common variation to the risk of developing ASD is less clear. To produce a more comprehensive picture, we report Stage 2 of the Autism Genome Project genome-wide association study, adding 1301 ASD families and bringing the total to 2705 families analysed (Stages 1 and 2). In addition to evaluating the association of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we also sought evidence that common variants, en masse, might affect the risk. Despite genotyping over a million SNPs covering the genome, no single SNP shows significant association with ASD or selected phenotypes at a genome-wide level. The SNP that achieves the smallest P-value from secondary analyses is rs1718101. It falls in CNTNAP2, a gene previously implicated in susceptibility for ASD. This SNP also shows modest association with age of word/phrase acquisition in ASD subjects, of interest because features of language development are also associated with other variation in CNTNAP2. In contrast, allele scores derived from the transmission of common alleles to Stage 1 cases significantly predict case status in the independent Stage 2 sample. Despite being significant, the variance explained by these allele scores was small (Vm< 1%). Based on results from individual SNPs and their en masse effect on risk, as inferred from the allele score results, it is reasonable to conclude that common variants affect the risk for ASD but their individual effects are modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anney
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Joana Almeida
- Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, 3000–076 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gillian Baird
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust & King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nadia Bolshakova
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur and
- University Paris Diderot-Paris 7, CNRS URA 2182, Fondation FondaMental, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sean Brennan
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jessica Brian
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Jillian Casey
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Judith Conroy
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catarina Correia
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christina Corsello
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily L. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Maretha de Jonge
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Penny Farrar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Bridget A. Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland,St John's, NL, CanadaA1B 3V6
| | - Susan E. Folstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Division of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaH3A 1A1
| | - John Gilbert
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Green
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Green
- Academic Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester M9 7AA, UK
| | - Stephen J. Guter
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Heron
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Vanessa Hus
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roberta Igliozzi
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Graham P. Kenny
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cecilia Kim
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Vlad Kustanovich
- Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Los Angeles, CA 90036-4234, USA
| | - Clara M. Lajonchere
- Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Los Angeles, CA 90036-4234, USA
| | | | - Miriam Law-Smith
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, INSERM U995, AP-HP; University Paris 12, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bennett L. Leventhal
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, NYU Child Study Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Frances Lombard
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Linda Lotspeich
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sabata C. Lund
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Tiago R. Magalhaes
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carine Mantoulan
- Centre d'Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, University de Toulouse Le Mirail, Toulouse 31200, France
| | - Christopher J. McDougle
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nancy J. Minshew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ghazala K. Mirza
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Carolyn Noakes
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Barbara Parrini
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | - Tara Paton
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David J. Posey
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Regina Regan
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernadette Roge
- Centre d'Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, University de Toulouse Le Mirail, Toulouse 31200, France
| | - Michael L. Rutter
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sabine Schlitt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Naisha Shah
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Inês Sousa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vera Stoppioni
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Ospedale Santa Croce, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Nuala Sykes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | - Ann P. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8N 3Z5
| | - Susanne Thomson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Ana Tryfon
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - John Tsiantis
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Herman Van Engeland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - John B. Vincent
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1X8
| | - Fred Volkmar
- Child Study Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - JAS Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Kirsty Wing
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kerstin Wittemeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Shawn Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Danielle Zurawiecki
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2J3
| | - Anthony J. Bailey
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV5Z4H4
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | | | - Hilary Coon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | | | - Sean Ennis
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sabine M. Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - William M. McMahon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Judith Miller
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Office of the President, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R. Parr
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3366, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Astrid M. Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ellen M. Wijsman
- Department of Biostatistics and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952
- CNRS UMR 7224 and
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris 75005, France and
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - James S. Sutcliffe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8N 3Z5
| | - Veronica J. Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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Anney R, Klei L, Pinto D, Regan R, Conroy J, Magalhaes TR, Correia C, Abrahams BS, Sykes N, Pagnamenta AT, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Bailey AJ, Baird G, Battaglia A, Berney T, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Carson AR, Casallo G, Casey J, Chu SH, Cochrane L, Corsello C, Crawford EL, Crossett A, Dawson G, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Drmic I, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Freitag CM, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Goldberg J, Green J, Guter SJ, Hakonarson H, Heron EA, Hill M, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Kim C, Klauck SM, Kolevzon A, Korvatska O, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Laskawiec M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Lionel AC, Liu XQ, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Maestrini E, Mahoney W, Mantoulan C, Marshall CR, McConachie H, McDougle CJ, McGrath J, McMahon WM, Melhem NM, Merikangas A, Migita O, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Nelson SF, Noakes C, Noor A, Nygren G, Oliveira G, Papanikolaou K, Parr JR, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Piven J, Posey DJ, Poustka A, Poustka F, Prasad A, Ragoussis J, Renshaw K, Rickaby J, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Bierut LJ, Rice JP, Salt J, Sansom K, Sato D, Segurado R, Senman L, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stoppioni V, Strawbridge C, Tancredi R, Tansey K, Thiruvahindrapduram B, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Wallace S, Wang K, Wang Z, Wassink TH, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Yaspan BL, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cantor RM, Cook EH, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Gallagher L, Geschwind DH, Gill M, Haines JL, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nurnberger JI, Paterson AD, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vicente AM, Vieland VJ, Wijsman EM, Devlin B, Ennis S, Hallmayer J. A genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autism. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:4072-82. [PMID: 20663923 PMCID: PMC2947401 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Pinto D, Pagnamenta AT, Klei L, Anney R, Merico D, Regan R, Conroy J, Magalhaes TR, Correia C, Abrahams BS, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Bader GD, Bailey AJ, Baird G, Battaglia A, Berney T, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Bryson SE, Carson AR, Casallo G, Casey J, Chung BHY, Cochrane L, Corsello C, Crawford EL, Crossett A, Cytrynbaum C, Dawson G, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Drmic I, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Freitag CM, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Goldberg J, Green A, Green J, Guter SJ, Hakonarson H, Heron EA, Hill M, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Kim C, Klauck SM, Kolevzon A, Korvatska O, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Laskawiec M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Lionel AC, Liu XQ, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Maestrini E, Mahoney W, Mantoulan C, Marshall CR, McConachie H, McDougle CJ, McGrath J, McMahon WM, Merikangas A, Migita O, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Nelson SF, Noakes C, Noor A, Nygren G, Oliveira G, Papanikolaou K, Parr JR, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Pilorge M, Piven J, Ponting CP, Posey DJ, Poustka A, Poustka F, Prasad A, Ragoussis J, Renshaw K, Rickaby J, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Bierut LJ, Rice JP, Salt J, Sansom K, Sato D, Segurado R, Sequeira AF, Senman L, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stein O, Sykes N, Stoppioni V, Strawbridge C, Tancredi R, Tansey K, Thiruvahindrapduram B, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Wallace S, Wang K, Wang Z, Wassink TH, Webber C, Weksberg R, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Wu J, Yaspan BL, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Buxbaum JD, Cantor RM, Cook EH, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Devlin B, Ennis S, Gallagher L, Geschwind DH, Gill M, Haines JL, Hallmayer J, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nurnberger JI, Paterson AD, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Szatmari P, Vicente AM, Vieland VJ, Wijsman EM, Scherer SW, Sutcliffe JS, Betancur C. Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders. Nature 2010; 466:368-72. [PMID: 20531469 DOI: 10.1038/nature09146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1441] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable ( approximately 90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (<1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 x 10(-4)). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53-PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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Howe JL, Hyer K, Mellor DJ, Lindeman D, Luptak M. Educational approaches for preparing social work students for interdisciplinary teamwork on geriatric health care teams. Soc Work Health Care 2001; 32:19-42. [PMID: 11451156 DOI: 10.1300/j010v32n04_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Interest in teamwork has fluctuated over the last several decades, with recent renewed interest. As social workers become more involved in working with older people in the coming years, their success will hinge on collaboration with other health providers. Schools of social work and clinical sites must address this through the development of educational curricula and clinical programs which prepare social workers to work on interdisciplinary geriatric health care teams. Based on the experience of the national Geriatric Interdisciplinary Team Training (GITT) Program, this article presents an overview of the necessary team skills for social workers, educational methods for teach ing teamwork developed at the GITT sites, and some teaching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Howe
- Henry L. Schwartz Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, USA
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Howe JL. Linkage House: a case study highlighting the challenges and opportunities in linking housing and programs for older adults. Care Manag J 2000; 1:138-45. [PMID: 10644298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Howe
- Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Grishchuk EL, Howe JL, McIntosh JR. A screen for genes involved in the anaphase proteolytic pathway identifies tsm1(+), a novel Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene important for microtubule integrity. Genetics 1998; 149:1251-64. [PMID: 9649518 PMCID: PMC1460230 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/149.3.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of several mitotic mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, including nuc2-663, is inhibited by the protease inhibitor N-Tosyl-L-Phenylalanine Chloromethyl Ketone (TPCK). Because nuc2(+) encodes a presumptive component of the Anaphase Promoting Complex, which is required for the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of certain proteins during exit from mitosis, we have used sensitivity to TPCK as a criterion by which to search for novel S. pombe mutants defective in the anaphase-promoting pathway. In a genetic screen for temperature-sensitive mitotic mutants that were also sensitive to TPCK at a permissive temperature, we isolated three tsm (TPCK-sensitive mitotic) strains. Two of these are alleles of cut1(+), but tsm1-512 maps to a novel genetic location. The tsm1-512 mutation leads to delayed nuclear division at restrictive temperatures, apparently as a result of an impaired ability to form a metaphase spindle. After shift of early G2 cells to 36 degrees, tsm1-512 arrests transiently in the second mitotic division and then exits mitosis, as judged by spindle elongation and septation. The chromosomes, however, often fail to segregate properly. Genetic interactions between tsm1-512 and components of the anaphase proteolytic pathway suggest a functional involvement of the Tsm1 protein in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Grishchuk
- Molecular Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
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Howe JL. Multiple chemical sensitivity: A scientific overview. Toxicol Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Howe JL. Catalog of teratogenic agents. Toxicol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mendis L, Kumarasinghe G, Chow C, Liew HY, Ramachandran NP, Jayawardene K, Thong KT, Howe JL, Lim EW, Zaman V. Bacteria, viruses, yeasts and protozoans associated with diarrheal disease in Singapore. Pathology 1995; 27:48-52. [PMID: 7603751 PMCID: PMC7131593 DOI: 10.1080/00313029500169452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Labile toxin producing enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC) were the commonest pathogen isolated from diarrheal stools of hospitalized children (21%) and adults (26%) in Singapore. Salmonellas ranked a close second in children (19%). Other bacterial pathogens were isolated from less than 5% of subjects. Blastocystis hominis was detected in 4.3% of diarrheal stools when a simple sedimentation technique was used. Cryptosporidium was not detected at all. An analysis of yeast counts in smears of diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools suggested they were etiologically associated with at least 6% of diarrhea in children and 19% in adults. Testing for rotaviruses by Latex agglutination and for adenovirus by electronmicroscopy showed an association with 6 per cent and 3 per cent diarrhea respectively. The study highlighted a need for: case control studies on ETEC and B. hominis; studies on the epidemiology of diarrhea by yeasts; establishing the true incidence of adenovirus diarrhea; studies on the prevalence and seasonality of rotavirus infection in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mendis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Smyth NR, Bennett M, Gaskell RM, McCracken CM, Hart CA, Howe JL. Effect of 3'azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on experimental feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic cats. Res Vet Sci 1994; 57:220-4. [PMID: 7817010 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5288(94)90061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The compound 3'azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) inhibits the replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in cell culture, and treatment with the compound has been reported to induce some clinical improvement in some cases of feline FIV infection. In order to determine the effect of prophylactic treatment with AZT on experimental FIV infection, cats were treated with the compound at 0.2, 1.0, 5, 25 or 50 mg kg-1 day-1 for 29 days. One day after the treatment was started, they were inoculated with 150 cat infectious doses of FIV. All the cats became viraemic, seroconverted and developed lymphadenopathy, although the onset of each was delayed in the cats given higher doses of AZT. Anaemia developed in the cats given high doses of AZT. Virus re-isolated from the cats given 50 mg kg-1 day-1 was as susceptible to AZT in cell culture as the inoculated virus. Thus AZT is much less effective in cats than might have been expected from the results of in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Smyth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool
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Abstract
The characterization of the enzymatic step(s) involved in the reduction of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine)(ZDV) to 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine (AMT) was pursued. AMT formation by human liver microsomes was NADPH dependent, enhanced under anaerobic conditions, and increased by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and FMN. Carbon monoxide inhibited AMT formation by up to 80%. The effect of theophylline (CYP1A substrate), tolbutamide (CYP2C substrate), chlorzoxazone, thiobenzamide, p-nitrophenol, mercaptoethanol, isoniazid (CYP2E substrates), cortisol (CYP3A substrate), ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, cimetidine, micronazole (CYP inhibitors), methimazole (flavin-containing mono-oxygenase inhibitor), chloramphenicol (undergoes nitroreduction), allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) and dicoumarol (DT-diaphorase inhibitor) on AMT formation were studied to see if the reduction reaction was mediated by a particular isozyme. The greatest inhibition was observed with ketoconazole (concentration producing 50% inhibition = 78.0 microM). At this concentration ketoconazole acted as a non-selective inhibitor of several CYP isozymes. Overall, these data suggested that ZDV reduction was probably mediated by both cytochrome P450 isozymes and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Formation of AMT, as measured by intrinsic clearance (Clint), was significantly increased in microsomes from rats pre-treated with phenobarbitone, dexamethasone and clofibrate (inducers of CYP2B, CYP3A and CYP4A, respectively). Pre-treatment of rats with beta-naphthoflavone and ethanol (CYP1A and CYP2E1 inducers, respectively) had no effect on AMT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Eagling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, U.K
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Barry M, Howe JL, Ormesher S, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Bergin C, Mulcahy F, Beeching N, Nye F. Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and dideoxyinosine alone and in combination in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 37:421-6. [PMID: 8054247 PMCID: PMC1364896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb05708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Zidovudine (ZDV) has proved unsuccessful in controlling disease progression over extended periods of time in patients with AIDS. Combination of ZDV with another reverse transcriptase inhibitor, dideoxyinosine (ddI) may improve the duration of effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between ZDV and ddI. 2. The pharmacokinetics of ZDV and ddI were determined in eight patients with AIDS who were randomised to receive ZDV 250 mg orally, ddI 250 mg orally or a combination of ZDV 250 mg plus ddI 250 mg orally on 3 study days separated by 1 week. 3. The administration of ZDV did not significantly alter ddI pharmacokinetics. The mean AUC was 6.8 +/- 2.0 s.d. and 7.6 +/- 2.5 s.d. mumol l-1 h and oral clearance was 2766 +/- 686 and 2660 +/- 1297 ml min-1 in the presence and absence of ZDV, respectively. 4. In the presence of ddI the elimination half-life of ZDV was increased significantly by 18% from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 h (P < 0.05) and the mean AUC increased significantly by 35% from 4.8 +/- 1.5 to 6.5 +/- 1.5 mumol l-1 h (P < 0.05). The clearance was decreased by 29% from 3518 +/- 1123 to 2505 +/- 575 ml min-1, but this difference was not significant. The renal clearance of ZDV was not altered by ddI. 5. Administration of ddI also resulted in a significant 22% increase in the AUC of GZDV, from 28.5 +/- 15.7 to 34.9 +/- 12.8 mumol l-1 h (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barry
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool
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Barry M, Howe JL, Back DJ, Swart AM, Breckenridge AM, Weller IV, Beeching N, Nye F. Zidovudine pharmacokinetics in zidovudine-induced bone marrow toxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 37:7-12. [PMID: 8148221 PMCID: PMC1364702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The major adverse effect of zidovudine (ZDV) is haematological toxicity which results in anaemia and granulocytopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate if HIV-positive patients developing erythroid aplasia/hypoplasia are exposed to higher plasma concentrations of ZDV owing to impaired hepatic metabolism to the major metabolite, 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-5'-beta-D-glucopyranuronosylthymidine (GZDV). 2. Twelve HIV-positive male patients were studied, six having developed bone marrow aplasia/hypoplasia within the first 6 months of ZDV therapy. Each of the patients exhibiting toxicity were matched for age, weight, risk factors for HIV infection and disease stage with patients who had no evidence of early bone marrow toxicity. 3. ZDV was administered orally in doses of 3-10 mg kg-1 and blood samples taken at intervals to 6 h. Urine was collected over the whole 6 h period. ZDV and GZDV were assayed by h.p.l.c. 4. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups of patients. For patients with early bone marrow toxicity the elimination half-life of ZDV was 1.10 +/- 0.16 h with an oral clearance of 2752 +/- 1031 ml min-1 compared with values of 1.06 +/- 0.18 h and 2843 +/- 730 ml min-1 seen in the control group. Similarly there was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of GZDV or the urinary ratio of GZDV to ZDV. 5. Therefore, despite the fact that ZDV toxicity to haematopoietic progenitor cells has been previously shown to be dose related, there was no indication from this study that it is directly related to plasma concentrations of ZDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barry
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool
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Howe JL. Community initiatives to improve the lives of older adults in east Harlem. Mt Sinai J Med 1993; 60:492-4. [PMID: 8121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Howe
- Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029
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Abstract
The metabolism of zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) has been studied in human renal, gut and hepatic microsomes. Metabolism of AZT to the ether glucuronide (3'azido-3'-deoxy-5'-beta-D-glucopyranosyl thymidine; GAZT) occurred in the kidney with Km and Vmax values of 1.50 +/- 0.49 mM and 14.5 +/- 2.6 nmol h-1 mg-1 respectively (mean +/- s.d.; n = 3 batches of microsomes from a single kidney). Comparative values obtained in liver were 2.19 +/- 0.6 mM and 43.0 +/- 9.5 nmol h-1 mg-1, respectively. Morphine caused inhibition of AZT conjugation in kidney microsomes. Metabolism of AZT by the kidney could contribute significantly to the overall elimination of AZT. In contrast to the kidney findings, AZT was not metabolised to GAZT by either non-activated (Brij-58) or activated gut microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Howe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool
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Howe JL. THE USE OF RHODIUM IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY. Science 1944; 99:262-3. [PMID: 17735971 DOI: 10.1126/science.99.2570.262-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Howe JL. A NEW PROCESS FOR HANDLING SOUTH AFRICAN PLATINUM ORES. Science 1928; 68:488. [PMID: 17758695 DOI: 10.1126/science.68.1768.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Howe JL. The Recent Discovery of Platinum in South Africa. Science 1924; 59:510-1. [PMID: 17775914 DOI: 10.1126/science.59.1536.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Howe JL. THE COST OF GERMAN PUBLICATIONS. Science 1922; 56:228. [PMID: 17777347 DOI: 10.1126/science.56.1443.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Phillips FC, Bogert MT, Campbell ED, Chandler CF, Clarke FW, Franklin EC, Howe JL, Long JH, Morley EW, Noyes AA, Noyes WA, Remsen I, Smith EF, Springer A, Venable FP. The Priestley Memorial of the American Chemical Society. Science 1917; 46:154-5. [PMID: 17799942 DOI: 10.1126/science.46.1181.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Howe JL. Jones's "A New Era in Chemistry". Science 1914; 40:483-4. [PMID: 17732992 DOI: 10.1126/science.40.1031.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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