1
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Ambat MV, Shaw JL, Pigeon JJ, Miller KG, Simpson TT, Froula DH, Palastro JP. Programmable-trajectory ultrafast flying focus pulses. Opt Express 2023; 31:31354-31368. [PMID: 37710657 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
"Flying focus" techniques produce laser pulses with dynamic focal points that travel distances much greater than a Rayleigh length. The implementation of these techniques in laser-based applications requires the design of optical configurations that can both extend the focal range and structure the radial group delay. This article describes a method for designing optical configurations that produce ultrashort flying focus pulses with programmable-trajectory focal points. The method is illustrated by several examples that employ an axiparabola for extending the focal range and either a reflective echelon or a deformable mirror-spatial light modulator pair for structuring the radial group delay. The latter configuration enables rapid exploration and optimization of flying foci, which could be ideal for experiments.
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2
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Wieder N, Fried JC, Kim C, Sidhom EH, Brown MR, Marshall JL, Arevalo C, Dvela-Levitt M, Kost-Alimova M, Sieber J, Gabriel KR, Pacheco J, Clish C, Abbasi HS, Singh S, Rutter JC, Therrien M, Yoon H, Lai ZW, Baublis A, Subramanian R, Devkota R, Small J, Sreekanth V, Han M, Lim D, Carpenter AE, Flannick J, Finucane H, Haigis MC, Claussnitzer M, Sheu E, Stevens B, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. FALCON systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity. Cell Metab 2023; 35:887-905.e11. [PMID: 37075753 PMCID: PMC10257950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs) is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. However, there are no scalable approaches to comprehensively assess the diverse FFAs circulating in human plasma. Furthermore, assessing how FFA-mediated processes interact with genetic risk for disease remains elusive. Here, we report the design and implementation of fatty acid library for comprehensive ontologies (FALCON), an unbiased, scalable, and multimodal interrogation of 61 structurally diverse FFAs. We identified a subset of lipotoxic monounsaturated fatty acids associated with decreased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we prioritized genes that reflect the combined effects of harmful FFA exposure and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We found that c-MAF-inducing protein (CMIP) protects cells from FFA exposure by modulating Akt signaling. In sum, FALCON empowers the study of fundamental FFA biology and offers an integrative approach to identify much needed targets for diverse diseases associated with disordered FFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wieder
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliana Coraor Fried
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Carlos Arevalo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Systems, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Julian Pacheco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Shantanu Singh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron Baublis
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renuka Subramanian
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myeonghoon Han
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Donghyun Lim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Palastro JP, Shaw JL, Franke P, Ramsey D, Simpson TT, Froula DH. Erratum: Dephasingless Laser Wakefield Acceleration [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 134802 (2020)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:159902. [PMID: 37115903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.159902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.134802.
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4
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Wieder N, Fried JC, Kim C, Sidhom EH, Brown MR, Marshall JL, Arevalo C, Dvela-Levitt M, Kost-Alimova M, Sieber J, Gabriel KR, Pacheco J, Clish C, Abbasi HS, Singh S, Rutter J, Therrien M, Yoon H, Lai ZW, Baublis A, Subramanian R, Devkota R, Small J, Sreekanth V, Han M, Lim D, Carpenter AE, Flannick J, Finucane H, Haigis MC, Claussnitzer M, Sheu E, Stevens B, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. FALCON systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.19.529127. [PMID: 36865221 PMCID: PMC9979987 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to free fatty acids (FFA) is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. However, studies to date have assumed that a few select FFAs are representative of broad structural categories, and there are no scalable approaches to comprehensively assess the biological processes induced by exposure to diverse FFAs circulating in human plasma. Furthermore, assessing how these FFA- mediated processes interact with genetic risk for disease remains elusive. Here we report the design and implementation of FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) as an unbiased, scalable and multimodal interrogation of 61 structurally diverse FFAs. We identified a subset of lipotoxic monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with a distinct lipidomic profile associated with decreased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we developed a new approach to prioritize genes that reflect the combined effects of exposure to harmful FFAs and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Importantly, we found that c-MAF inducing protein (CMIP) protects cells from exposure to FFAs by modulating Akt signaling and we validated the role of CMIP in human pancreatic beta cells. In sum, FALCON empowers the study of fundamental FFA biology and offers an integrative approach to identify much needed targets for diverse diseases associated with disordered FFA metabolism. Highlights FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) enables multimodal profiling of 61 free fatty acids (FFAs) to reveal 5 FFA clusters with distinct biological effectsFALCON is applicable to many and diverse cell typesA subset of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) equally or more toxic than canonical lipotoxic saturated FAs (SFAs) leads to decreased membrane fluidityNew approach prioritizes genes that represent the combined effects of environmental (FFA) exposure and genetic risk for diseaseC-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) is identified as a suppressor of FFA-induced lipotoxicity via Akt-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wieder
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliana Coraor Fried
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Systems, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - Justine Rutter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Aaron Baublis
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Renuka Subramanian
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Donghyun Lim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Lead Contact
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5
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Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. Mechanisms of Protein Trafficking and Quality Control in the Kidney and Beyond. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:407-423. [PMID: 36763970 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous trafficking and quality control pathways evolved to handle the diversity of proteins made by eukaryotic cells. However, at every step along the biosynthetic pathway, there is the potential for quality control system failure. This review focuses on the mechanisms of disrupted proteostasis. Inspired by diseases caused by misfolded proteins in the kidney (mucin 1 and uromodulin), we outline the general principles of protein biosynthesis, delineate the recognition and degradation pathways targeting misfolded proteins, and discuss the role of cargo receptors in protein trafficking and lipid homeostasis. We also discuss technical approaches including live-cell fluorescent microscopy, chemical screens to elucidate trafficking mechanisms, multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screening platforms to systematically delineate mechanisms of proteostasis, and the advancement of novel tools to degrade secretory and membrane-associated proteins. By focusing on components of trafficking that go awry, we highlight ongoing efforts to understand fundamental mechanisms of disrupted proteostasis and implications for the treatment of human proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; .,Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; .,Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; .,Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Dorrer C, Shaw JL. Single-shot cross-correlation of counter-propagating, short optical pulses using random quasi-phase-matching. Opt Express 2022; 30:16677-16689. [PMID: 36221505 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The single-shot cross-correlation of the short optical pulses generated by two laser facilities is acquired using random quasi-phase-matching of the counter-propagating beams in a disordered ferroelectric crystal. Transverse sum-frequency generation of the two counter-propagating pulses at different central wavelengths yields their time-dependent background-free cross-correlation after spectral filtering. Their relative delay is directly determined on every shot from the measured cross-correlation, making it a simple diagnostic for jitter studies and temporal characterization.
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7
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Begishev IA, Bagnoud V, Bahk SW, Bittle WA, Brent G, Cuffney R, Dorrer C, Froula DH, Haberberger D, Mileham C, Nilson PM, Okishev AV, Shaw JL, Shoup MJ, Stillman CR, Stoeckl C, Turnbull D, Wager B, Zuegel JD, Bromage J. Advanced laser development and plasma-physics studies on the multiterawatt laser. Appl Opt 2021; 60:11104-11124. [PMID: 35201099 DOI: 10.1364/ao.443548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The multiterawatt (MTW) laser, built initially as the prototype front end for a petawatt laser system, is a 1053 nm hybrid system with gain from optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) and Nd:glass. Compressors and target chambers were added, making MTW a complete laser facility (output energy up to 120 J, pulse duration from 20 fs to 2.8 ns) for studying high-energy-density physics and developing short-pulse laser technologies and target diagnostics. Further extensions of the laser support ultrahigh-intensity laser development of an all-OPCPA system and a Raman plasma amplifier. A short summary of the variety of scientific experiments conducted on MTW is also presented.
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8
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Yoon H, Shaw JL, Haigis MC, Greka A. Lipid metabolism in sickness and in health: Emerging regulators of lipotoxicity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3708-3730. [PMID: 34547235 PMCID: PMC8620413 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in signal transduction, contribute to the structural integrity of cellular membranes, and regulate energy metabolism. Questions remain as to which lipid species maintain metabolic homeostasis and which disrupt essential cellular functions, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding lipid metabolism with a focus on catabolism, synthesis, and signaling. Technical advances, including functional genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, lipid-protein interaction maps, and advances in mass spectrometry, have uncovered new ways to prioritize molecular mechanisms mediating lipid function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of specific lipid species in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating lipid homeostasis with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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9
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Sidhom EH, Kim C, Kost-Alimova M, Ting MT, Keller K, Avila-Pacheco J, Watts AJ, Vernon KA, Marshall JL, Reyes-Bricio E, Racette M, Wieder N, Kleiner G, Grinkevich EJ, Chen F, Weins A, Clish CB, Shaw JL, Quinzii CM, Greka A. Targeting a Braf/Mapk pathway rescues podocyte lipid peroxidation in CoQ-deficiency kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141380. [PMID: 33444290 DOI: 10.1172/jci141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis lead to kidney failure due to selective loss of podocytes, essential cells of the kidney filter. Curiously, neighboring tubular epithelial cells are spared early in disease despite higher mitochondrial content. We sought to illuminate noncanonical, cell-specific roles for CoQ, independently of the electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we demonstrate that CoQ depletion caused by Pdss2 enzyme deficiency in podocytes results in perturbations in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and the Braf/Mapk pathway rather than ETC dysfunction. Single-nucleus RNA-Seq from kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice with nephrotic syndrome and global CoQ deficiency identified a podocyte-specific perturbation of the Braf/Mapk pathway. Treatment with GDC-0879, a Braf/Mapk-targeting compound, ameliorated kidney disease in Pdss2kd/kd mice. Mechanistic studies in Pdss2-depleted podocytes revealed a previously unknown perturbation in PUFA metabolism that was confirmed in vivo. Gpx4, an enzyme that protects against PUFA-mediated lipid peroxidation, was elevated in disease and restored after GDC-0879 treatment. We demonstrate broader human disease relevance by uncovering patterns of GPX4 and Braf/Mapk pathway gene expression in tissue from patients with kidney diseases. Our studies reveal ETC-independent roles for CoQ in podocytes and point to Braf/Mapk as a candidate pathway for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - May Theng Ting
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Keller
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andrew Jb Watts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Vernon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew Racette
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Dvela-Levitt M, Shaw JL, Greka A. A Rare Kidney Disease To Cure Them All? Towards Mechanism-Based Therapies for Proteinopathies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:394-409. [PMID: 33341352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases (ADTKDs) are a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to kidney failure. Mutations in the MUC1 gene cause ADTKD-MUC1 (MUC1 kidney disease, MKD), a disorder with no available therapies. Recent studies have identified the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive MKD disease pathogenesis. Armed with patient-derived cell lines and pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids, it was found that MKD is a toxic proteinopathy caused by the intracellular accumulation of misfolded MUC1 protein in the early secretory pathway. We discuss the advantages of studying rare monogenic kidney diseases, describe effective patient-derived model systems, and highlight recent mechanistic insights into protein quality control that have implications for additional proteinopathies beyond rare kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Dvela-Levitt
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Kost-Alimova M, Sidhom EH, Satyam A, Chamberlain BT, Dvela-Levitt M, Melanson M, Alper SL, Santos J, Gutierrez J, Subramanian A, Byrne PJ, Grinkevich E, Reyes-Bricio E, Kim C, Clark AR, Watts AJ, Thompson R, Marshall J, Pablo JL, Coraor J, Roignot J, Vernon KA, Keller K, Campbell A, Emani M, Racette M, Bazua-Valenti S, Padovano V, Weins A, McAdoo SP, Tam FW, Ronco L, Wagner F, Tsokos GC, Shaw JL, Greka A. A High-Content Screen for Mucin-1-Reducing Compounds Identifies Fostamatinib as a Candidate for Rapid Repurposing for Acute Lung Injury. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100137. [PMID: 33294858 PMCID: PMC7691435 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing has the advantage of identifying potential treatments on a shortened timescale. In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, we took advantage of a high-content screen of 3,713 compounds at different stages of clinical development to identify FDA-approved compounds that reduce mucin-1 (MUC1) protein abundance. Elevated MUC1 levels predict the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Our screen identifies fostamatinib (R788), an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) approved for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia, as a repurposing candidate for the treatment of ALI. In vivo, fostamatinib reduces MUC1 abundance in lung epithelial cells in a mouse model of ALI. In vitro, SYK inhibition by the active metabolite R406 promotes MUC1 removal from the cell surface. Our work suggests fostamatinib as a repurposing drug candidate for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Seth L. Alper
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Santos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juan Gutierrez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Choah Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abbe R. Clark
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J.B. Watts
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jamie Marshall
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Juliana Coraor
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Roignot
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A. Vernon
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Keller
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alissa Campbell
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Silvana Bazua-Valenti
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Astrid Weins
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P. McAdoo
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frederick W.K. Tam
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Luciene Ronco
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - George C. Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Alimova M, Sidhom EH, Satyam A, Dvela-Levitt M, Melanson M, Chamberlain BT, Alper SL, Santos J, Gutierrez J, Subramanian A, Grinkevich E, Bricio ER, Kim C, Clark A, Watts A, Thompson R, Marshall J, Pablo JL, Coraor J, Roignot J, Vernon KA, Keller K, Campbell A, Emani M, Racette M, Bazua-Valenti S, Padovano V, Weins A, McAdoo SP, Tam FW, Ronco L, Wagner F, Tsokos GC, Shaw JL, Greka A. A High Content Screen for Mucin-1-Reducing Compounds Identifies Fostamatinib as a Candidate for Rapid Repurposing for Acute Lung Injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.30.180380. [PMID: 32637960 PMCID: PMC7337390 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.30.180380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is the only method capable of delivering treatments on the shortened time-scale required for patients afflicted with lung disease arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucin-1 (MUC1), a membrane-bound molecule expressed on the apical surfaces of most mucosal epithelial cells, is a biochemical marker whose elevated levels predict the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and correlate with poor clinical outcomes. In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, we took advantage of a high content screen of 3,713 compounds at different stages of clinical development to identify FDA-approved compounds that reduce MUC1 protein abundance. Our screen identified Fostamatinib (R788), an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) approved for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia, as a repurposing candidate for the treatment of ALI. In vivo , Fostamatinib reduced MUC1 abundance in lung epithelial cells in a mouse model of ALI. In vitro , SYK inhibition by Fostamatinib promoted MUC1 removal from the cell surface. Our work reveals Fostamatinib as a repurposing drug candidate for ALI and provides the rationale for rapidly standing up clinical trials to test Fostamatinib efficacy in patients with COVID-19 lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alimova
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Melanson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Seth L. Alper
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean Santos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan Gutierrez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Choah Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abbe Clark
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Watts
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Thompson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Marshall
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Juliana Coraor
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Roignot
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A. Vernon
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith Keller
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alissa Campbell
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew Racette
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvana Bazua-Valenti
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valeria Padovano
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P. McAdoo
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frederick W.K. Tam
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lucienne Ronco
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Wagner
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian L. Shaw
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Palastro JP, Shaw JL, Franke P, Ramsey D, Simpson TT, Froula DH. Dephasingless Laser Wakefield Acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:134802. [PMID: 32302161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) produce extremely high gradients enabling compact accelerators and radiation sources but face design limitations, such as dephasing, occurring when trapped electrons outrun the accelerating phase of the wakefield. Here we combine spherical aberration with a novel cylindrically symmetric echelon optic to spatiotemporally structure an ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulse that can overcome dephasing by propagating at any velocity over any distance. The ponderomotive force of the spatiotemporally shaped pulse can drive a wakefield with a phase velocity equal to the speed of light in vacuum, preventing trapped electrons from outrunning the wake. Simulations in the linear regime and scaling laws in the bubble regime illustrate that this dephasingless LWFA can accelerate electrons to high energies in much shorter distances than a traditional LWFA-a single 4.5 m stage can accelerate electrons to TeV energies without the need for guiding structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Palastro
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Franke
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Ramsey
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T T Simpson
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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14
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Milder AL, Le HP, Sherlock M, Franke P, Katz J, Ivancic ST, Shaw JL, Palastro JP, Hansen AM, Begishev IA, Rozmus W, Froula DH. Evolution of the Electron Distribution Function in the Presence of Inverse Bremsstrahlung Heating and Collisional Ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:025001. [PMID: 32004052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The picosecond evolution of non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions was measured in a laser-produced plasma using collective electron plasma wave Thomson scattering. During the laser heating, the distribution was measured to be approximately super-Gaussian due to inverse bremsstrahlung heating. After the heating laser turned off, collisional ionization caused further modification to the distribution function while increasing electron density and decreasing temperature. Electron distribution functions were determined using Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations including atomic kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Franke
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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15
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King PM, Lemos N, Shaw JL, Milder AL, Marsh KA, Pak A, Hegelich BM, Michel P, Moody J, Joshi C, Albert F. X-ray analysis methods for sources from self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration driven by picosecond lasers. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:033503. [PMID: 30927775 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A versatile set of methods for analyzing x-ray energy spectra and photon flux has been developed for laser plasma accelerator experiments driven by picosecond lasers. Forward fit provides extrapolated broad energy spectrum measurements, while Ross pair and differential average transmission analysis provide directly measured data points using a particular diagnostic. Combining these methods allows the measurement of x-ray energy spectra with improved confidence. We apply the methods to three diagnostics (filter wheel, stacked image plate spectrometer, and step wedge), each sensitive to a different region of x-ray energies (<40 keV, 35-100 keV, and 60-1000 keV, respectively), to characterize the analysis methods using laser-driven bremsstrahlung x-rays. We then apply the methods to measure three x-ray mechanisms, betatron, inverse Compton scattering, and bremsstrahlung, driven by a laser plasma accelerator. The analysis results in the measurement of x-ray energy spectra ranging from 10 keV to 1 MeV with peak flux greater than 1010 photons/keV/Sr. The combined analysis methods provide a robust tool to accurately measure broadband x-ray sources (keV to MeV) driven by laser plasma acceleration with picosecond, kilojoule-class lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M King
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Lemos
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Pak
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Michel
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Moody
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Albert
- NIF and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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16
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Turnbull D, Franke P, Katz J, Palastro JP, Begishev IA, Boni R, Bromage J, Milder AL, Shaw JL, Froula DH. Ionization Waves of Arbitrary Velocity. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:225001. [PMID: 29906187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flying focus is a technique that uses a chirped laser beam focused by a highly chromatic lens to produce an extended focal region within which the peak laser intensity can propagate at any velocity. When that intensity is high enough to ionize a background gas, an ionization wave will track the intensity isosurface corresponding to the ionization threshold. We report on the demonstration of such ionization waves of arbitrary velocity. Subluminal and superluminal ionization fronts were produced that propagated both forward and backward relative to the ionizing laser. All backward and all superluminal cases mitigated the issue of ionization-induced refraction that typically inhibits the formation of long, contiguous plasma channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Franke
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Boni
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Bromage
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A L Milder
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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17
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Turnbull D, Bucht S, Davies A, Haberberger D, Kessler T, Shaw JL, Froula DH. Raman Amplification with a Flying Focus. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:024801. [PMID: 29376697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.024801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new laser amplifier scheme utilizing stimulated Raman scattering in plasma in conjunction with a "flying focus"-a chromatic focusing system combined with a chirped pump beam that provides spatiotemporal control over the pump's focal spot. Pump intensity isosurfaces are made to propagate at v=-c so as to be in sync with the injected counterpropagating seed pulse. By setting the pump intensity in the interaction region to be just above the ionization threshold of the background gas, an ionization wave is produced that travels at a fixed distance ahead of the seed. Simulations show that this will make it possible to optimize the plasma temperature and mitigate many of the issues that are known to have impacted previous Raman amplification experiments, in particular, the growth of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Bucht
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch and Lomb Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Davies
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch and Lomb Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Kessler
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch and Lomb Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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18
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Albert F, Lemos N, Shaw JL, Pollock BB, Goyon C, Schumaker W, Saunders AM, Marsh KA, Pak A, Ralph JE, Martins JL, Amorim LD, Falcone RW, Glenzer SH, Moody JD, Joshi C. Observation of Betatron X-Ray Radiation in a Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Accelerator Driven with Picosecond Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:134801. [PMID: 28409970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a new regime for betatron x-ray emission that utilizes kilojoule-class picosecond lasers to drive wakes in plasmas. When such laser pulses with intensities of ∼5×10^{18} W/cm^{2} are focused into plasmas with electron densities of ∼1×10^{19} cm^{-3}, they undergo self-modulation and channeling, which accelerates electrons up to 200 MeV energies and causes those electrons to emit x rays. The measured x-ray spectra are fit with a synchrotron spectrum with a critical energy of 10-20 keV, and 2D particle-in-cell simulations were used to model the acceleration and radiation of the electrons in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Schumaker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A M Saunders
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Martins
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L D Amorim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R W Falcone
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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19
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Shaw JL, Lemos N, Amorim LD, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Marsh KA, Tsung FS, Mori WB, Joshi C. Role of Direct Laser Acceleration of Electrons in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator with Ionization Injection. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:064801. [PMID: 28234524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show the first experimental demonstration that electrons being accelerated in a laser wakefield accelerator operating in the forced or blowout regimes gain significant energy from both the direct laser acceleration (DLA) and the laser wakefield acceleration mechanisms. Supporting full-scale 3D particle-in-cell simulations elucidate the role of the DLA of electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator when ionization injection of electrons is employed. An explanation is given for how electrons can maintain the DLA resonance condition in a laser wakefield accelerator despite the evolving properties of both the drive laser and the electrons. The produced electron beams exhibit characteristic features that are indicative of DLA as an additional acceleration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N Lemos
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - L D Amorim
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Lee JY, Chen JY, Shaw JL, Chang KT. Maintenance of Stem Cell Niche Integrity by a Novel Activator of Integrin Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006043. [PMID: 27191715 PMCID: PMC4871447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells depend critically on the surrounding microenvironment, or niche, for their maintenance and self-renewal. While much is known about how the niche regulates stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, mechanisms for how the niche is maintained over time are not well understood. At the apical tip of the Drosophila testes, germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic stem cells share a common niche formed by hub cells. Here we demonstrate that a novel protein named Shriveled (Shv) is necessary for the maintenance of hub/niche integrity. Depletion of Shv protein results in age-dependent deterioration of the hub structure and loss of GSCs, whereas upregulation of Shv preserves the niche during aging. We find Shv is a secreted protein that modulates DE-cadherin levels through extracellular activation of integrin signaling. Our work identifies Shv as a novel activator of integrin signaling and suggests a new integration model in which crosstalk between integrin and DE-cadherin in niche cells promote their own preservation by maintaining the niche architecture. Stem cells are vital for development and for regeneration and repair of tissues in an organism. The ability of adult stem cells to maintain their “stemness” depends critically on the localized microenvironment, or niche. While much is known about how the niche regulates stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, mechanisms for how the niche is maintained during aging are not well understood. Using Drosophila testis as a model system, here we demonstrate that a protein we named Shriveled is a secreted protein that activates integrin signaling to preserve niche architecture. We also show that Shriveled-dependent activation of integrin maintains normal E-cadherin levels in the niche cells, providing a mechanism for niche maintenance. Interestingly, upregulation of Shriveled retards the loss of niche and stem cells seen during normal aging. Together, our work identifies Shriveled as a novel molecule required for preservation of the niche structure in the Drosophila testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeun Lee
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jillian L. Shaw
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Pollock BB, Tsung FS, Albert F, Shaw JL, Clayton CE, Davidson A, Lemos N, Marsh KA, Pak A, Ralph JE, Mori WB, Joshi C. Formation of Ultrarelativistic Electron Rings from a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:055004. [PMID: 26274427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrarelativistic-energy electron ring structures have been observed from laser-wakefield acceleration experiments in the blowout regime. These electron rings had 170-280 MeV energies with 5%-25% energy spread and ∼10 pC of charge and were observed over a range of plasma densities and compositions. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that laser intensity enhancement in the wake leads to sheath splitting and the formation of a hollow toroidal pocket in the electron density around the wake behind the first wake period. If the laser propagates over a distance greater than the ideal dephasing length, some of the dephasing electrons in the second period can become trapped within the pocket and form an ultrarelativistic electron ring that propagates in free space over a meter-scale distance upon exiting the plasma. Such a structure acts as a relativistic potential well, which has applications for accelerating positively charged particles such as positrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Davidson
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N Lemos
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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22
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Albert F, Pollock BB, Shaw JL, Marsh KA, Ralph JE, Chen YH, Alessi D, Pak A, Clayton CE, Glenzer SH, Joshi C. Angular dependence of betatron x-ray spectra from a laser-wakefield accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:235004. [PMID: 24476282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.235004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurements of the angular dependence of the betatron x-ray spectrum produced by electrons inside the cavity of a laser-wakefield accelerator. Electrons accelerated up to 300 MeV energies produce a beam of broadband, forward-directed betatron x-ray radiation extending up to 80 keV. The angular resolved spectrum from an image plate-based spectrometer with differential filtering provides data in a single laser shot. The simultaneous spectral and spatial x-ray analysis allows for a three-dimensional reconstruction of electron trajectories with micrometer resolution, and we find that the angular dependence of the x-ray spectrum is showing strong evidence of anisotropic electron trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - Y-H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - D Alessi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore California 94550, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford California 94309, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
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23
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Shaw JL, Chang KT. Nebula/DSCR1 upregulation delays neurodegeneration and protects against APP-induced axonal transport defects by restoring calcineurin and GSK-3β signaling. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003792. [PMID: 24086147 PMCID: PMC3784514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem brains from Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show an upregulation of the Down syndrome critical region 1 protein (DSCR1), but its contribution to AD is not known. To gain insights into the role of DSCR1 in AD, we explored the functional interaction between DSCR1 and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is known to cause AD when duplicated or upregulated in DS. We find that the Drosophila homolog of DSCR1, Nebula, delays neurodegeneration and ameliorates axonal transport defects caused by APP overexpression. Live-imaging reveals that Nebula facilitates the transport of synaptic proteins and mitochondria affected by APP upregulation. Furthermore, we show that Nebula upregulation protects against axonal transport defects by restoring calcineurin and GSK-3β signaling altered by APP overexpression, thereby preserving cargo-motor interactions. As impaired transport of essential organelles caused by APP perturbation is thought to be an underlying cause of synaptic failure and neurodegeneration in AD, our findings imply that correcting calcineurin and GSK-3β signaling can prevent APP-induced pathologies. Our data further suggest that upregulation of Nebula/DSCR1 is neuroprotective in the presence of APP upregulation and provides evidence for calcineurin inhibition as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in preventing axonal transport impairments associated with AD. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual neuronal cell loss and memory decline. Importantly, Down syndrome (DS) individuals over 40 years of age almost always develop neuropathological features of AD, although most do not develop dementia until at least two decades later. These findings suggest that DS and AD may share common genetic causes and that a neuroprotective mechanism may delay neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. It has been shown that the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is associated with AD when duplicated and upregulated in DS, is a key gene contributing to AD pathologies and axonal transport abnormalities. Here, using fruit fly as a simple model organism, we examined the role of Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1), another gene located on chromosome 21 and upregulated in both DS and AD, in modulating APP phenotypes. We find that upregulation of DSCR1 (Nebula in flies) is neuroprotective in the presence of APP upregulation. We report that nebula overexpression delays the onset of neurodegeneration and transport blockage in neuronal cells. Our results further suggest that signaling pathways downstream of DSCR1 may be potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Shaw
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Cell & Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Cell & Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Pollock BB, Meinecke J, Kuschel S, Ross JS, Shaw JL, Stoafer C, Divol L, Tynan GR, Glenzer SH. Simultaneous imaging electron- and ion-feature Thomson scattering measurements of radiatively heated Xe. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E348. [PMID: 23127005 DOI: 10.1063/1.4740526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Uniform density and temperature Xe plasmas have been produced over >4 mm scale-lengths using x-rays generated in a cylindrical Pb cavity. The cavity is 750 μm in depth and diameter, and is heated by a 300 J, 2 ns square, 1054 nm laser pulse focused to a spot size of 200 μm at the cavity entrance. The plasma is characterized by simultaneous imaging Thomson scattering measurements from both the electron and ion scattering features. The electron feature measurement determines the spatial electron density and temperature profile, and using these parameters as constraints in the ion feature analysis allows an accurate determination of the charge state of the Xe ions. The Thomson scattering probe beam is 40 J, 200 ps, and 527 nm, and is focused to a 100 μm spot size at the entrance of the Pb cavity. Each system has a spatial resolution of 25 μm, a temporal resolution of 200 ps (as determined by the probe duration), and a spectral resolution of 2 nm for the electron feature system and 0.025 nm for the ion feature system. The experiment is performed in a Xe filled target chamber at a neutral pressure of 3-10 Torr, and the x-rays produced in the Pb ionize and heat the Xe to a charge state of 20±4 at up to 200 eV electron temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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25
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Zwanziger JW, Shaw JL, Werner-Zwanziger U, Aitken BG. A Neutron Scattering and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Structure of GeO2−P2O5Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:20123-8. [PMID: 17034186 DOI: 10.1021/jp062432n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Germanophosphate (GeO2-P2O5) glasses were studied with neutron diffraction, phosphorus, and oxygen nuclear magnetic resonance, calorimetry, viscosity measurements, and first-principles calculations. These data sets were combined to propose a structural model of GeO2-P2O5 glasses, which includes tetrahedrally coordinated phosphorus, formation of octahedrally coordinated germanium as P2O5 content increases, an absence of trigonally coordinated oxygen, and hence an absence of rutile-like GeO2 domains. The structural model was then used to propose explanations for both the observed composition dependence of the glass transition temperature and the fragility of the GeO2-P2O5 liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zwanziger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Materials, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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26
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Freeman NE, Shaw JL, Snyder JC. THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW IN SURGICAL SHOCK: The Reduction in Circulation through the Hand Resulting from Pain, Fear, Cold, and Asphyxia, with Quantitative Measurements of the Volume Flow of Blood in Clinical Cases of Surgical Shock. J Clin Invest 2006; 15:651-64. [PMID: 16694438 PMCID: PMC424827 DOI: 10.1172/jci100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N E Freeman
- Surgical Laboratories of the Harvard Medical School at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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27
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Abstract
Experimental and ab initio results that demonstrate the effect of stress on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of materials are shown. The design of a cell that generates uniaxial compressive stress is presented, and results on gallium phosphide and lead nitrate single crystals that illustrate the observable results of the stress are shown. Tensors that relate stress and strain to changes in the chemical shielding tensors and the electric field gradient tensors are defined formally. The elements of these tensors are then computed by a density functional theory approach that makes use of planewaves and pseudopotentials. The experimental results are interpreted with the aid of the calculations. Extensions to spinning samples and to the interpretation of optical phenomena in materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zwanziger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Materials, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 4J3.
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28
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Mori S, Kocak U, Shaw JL, Mullen CA. Augmentation of post transplant immunity: antigen encounter at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation enhances antigen-specific donor T-cell responses in the post transplant repertoire. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35:793-801. [PMID: 15750607 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After transplant, the immune system is reconstituted by cells derived from both hematopoietic stem cells and peripheral expansion from differentiated donor T cells. After transplant, immune function is poor despite transplantation of mature lymphocytes from immune-competent donors. We tested the hypothesis that early antigen encounter at the time of cell transplant would improve the desired donor T-cell responses. Two independent models of peptide-specific T-cell responses were studied. The model for CD4 cells employed T cells from transgenic (Tg) DO11.11 mice that constitutively express the T-cell receptor for the class II-restricted ovalbumin peptide 323-339. The model for CD8 cells employed non-Tg H2-Db-restricted T-cell responses to the influenza nucleoprotein peptide 366-374. As measured both functionally and by direct imaging of T cells using clonotypic reagents, encounter with specific antigen at the time of T-cell transplantation led to clonal expansion of donor T cells and preservation of donor T-cell function in the post transplant immune environment. Antigen-specific donor T-cell function was poor if antigen encounter was delayed or omitted. Severe parent>F1 graft-versus-host reactions blocked the effect of early antigen exposure. Vaccination of transplant recipients against microbial or leukemia antigens may be worthy of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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29
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Bymaster FP, Dreshfield-Ahmad LJ, Threlkeld PG, Shaw JL, Thompson L, Nelson DL, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Wong DT. Comparative affinity of duloxetine and venlafaxine for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters in vitro and in vivo, human serotonin receptor subtypes, and other neuronal receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25:871-80. [PMID: 11750180 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The blockade of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) transporters in vitro and in vivo by the dual 5-HT/NE reuptake inhibitors duloxetine and venlafaxine was compared. Duloxetine inhibited binding to the human NE and 5-HT transporters with K(i) values of 7.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively, and with a K(i) ratio of 9. Venlafaxine inhibited binding to the human NE and 5-HT transporters with K(i) values of 2480 and 82 nM, respectively, and with a K(i) ratio of 30. Duloxetine inhibited ex vivo binding to rat 5-HT transporters and NE transporters with ED(50) values of 0.03 and 0.7 mg/kg, respectively, whereas venlafaxine had ED(50) values of 2 and 54 mg/kg, respectively. The depletion of rat brain 5-HT by p-chloramphetamine and depletion of rat hypothalamic NE by 6-hydroxydopamine was blocked by duloxetine with ED(50) values of 2.3 and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Venlafaxine had ED(50) values of 5.9 and 94 mg/kg for blocking p-chloramphetamine- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced monoamine depletion, respectively. Thus, duloxetine more potently blocks 5-HT and NE transporters in vitro and in vivo than venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Bymaster
- Neuroscience Research Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0510, USA.
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30
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Hinson DD, Ross RM, Krisans S, Shaw JL, Kozich V, Rolland MO, Divry P, Mancini J, Hoffmann GF, Gibson KM. Identification of a mutation cluster in mevalonate kinase deficiency, including a new mutation in a patient of Mennonite ancestry. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:327-35. [PMID: 10417275 PMCID: PMC1377931 DOI: 10.1086/302489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase (MKase) deficiency (MKD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in the pathway of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoid biosynthesis. Thus far, two disease-causing missense alleles have been identified, N301T and A334T. We report four additional mutations associated with MKD: L264F, T243I, L265P, and I268T, the last found in a patient of Mennonite ancestry. Electrophoretic analysis of bacterially expressed wild-type and mutant MKase indicated that I268T and T243I mutants produced normal or somewhat reduced amounts of MKase protein; conversely, L264F and L265P mutations resulted in considerably decreased, or absent, MKase protein. Immunoblot analysis of MKase from all patients suggested that the MKase polypeptide was grossly intact and produced in amounts comparable to control levels. Three mutations resulted in significantly diminished MKase enzyme activity (<2%), whereas the I268T allele yielded approximately 20% residual enzyme activity. Our results should allow more-accurate identification of carriers and indicate a mutation "cluster" within amino acids 240-270 of the mature MKase polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Hinson
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Shaw JL, Moss R. Effects of the caecal nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis on egg-laying by captive red grouse. Res Vet Sci 1990; 48:59-63. [PMID: 2300717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Captive hen red grouse infected with Trichostrongylus tenuis larvae started to lay later in spring and laid fewer eggs at a slower rate than uninfected hens. March-infected hen grouse showed greater effects than December-infected ones, probably because developing larvae were more pathogenic than adult worms. The mechanism by which parasites interfered with egg production involved reduction in food intake. Infected hens also gained less weight than controls before laying.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen
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Abstract
The prevalence of the caecal threadworm Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse in the north of Scotland was high despite low grouse densities. Prevalence, intensity and aggregation of threadworms was higher in old than in young grouse. Infections were long-lasting: populations of adult worms could survive for over 2 years in grouse, with little mortality. Parasite egg output decreased with the age of a worm population, largely as a result of a decrease in the fecundity of ageing female worms. Seasonal variations in worm fecundity were also evident. However, there was no evidence of an intensity-dependent decrease of worm fecundity with increasing worm numbers in either captive or wild grouse. The long life and high reproductive capacity of T. tenuis probably contribute to its effective transmission and high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- Zoology Department, Aberdeen, Scotland
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33
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Shaw JL, Moss R. Factors affecting the establishment of the caecal threadworm Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus). Parasitology 1989; 99 Pt 2:259-64. [PMID: 2594417 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000058716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of captive reared red grouse to Trichostrongylus tenuis was measured as the proportion of ingested infective 3rd-stage larvae which failed to develop to adult worms. Individual grouse showed wide, repeatable variations in resistance. Seasonal variations may also have occurred. Red grouse acquired little or no effective immunity to reinfection after challenge with a single dose of infective larvae. In trickle-dosed grouse, however, adult worms weakly inhibited the establishment of incoming larvae in an intensity-dependent fashion. Despite this, the proportion of larvae established in trickle infections was similar to that in single-dose challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- Zoology Department, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
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34
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Shaw JL, Moss R, Pike AW. Development and survival of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus tenuis, a caecal parasite of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. Parasitology 1989; 99 Pt 1:105-13. [PMID: 2797866 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the laboratory, yields of infective 3rd-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus tenuis were determined by temperature when moisture was adequate. On the moor, eggs in caecal faeces did not develop to infective larvae during the winter. In summer, development did occur and yields of infective larvae were related to temperature: greatest yields were obtained when mean monthly soil surface temperatures ranged between 7.6 and 10.3 degrees C. Rainfall was unimportant, as was desiccation. During summer the mean monthly mortality of infective larvae was 44% but over winter survival was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Banchory, Kincardineshire, Scotland
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35
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Shaw JL. Arrested development of Trichostrongylus tenuis as third stage larvae in red grouse. Res Vet Sci 1988; 45:256-8. [PMID: 3194598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Worms were counted in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) in north east Scotland in March, April, August, September, November and December 1986. Immature worms occurred as third (L3) and fourth (L4) stage larvae throughout. Two kinds of evidence suggest that L3 larvae spent much of the winter in a state of arrested development. First, recently acquired L3 larvae could be distinguished by the fact that they retained outer L2 cuticles for a few days; these were present only in the August and September samples. Secondly, the mean proportion of larvae (L3 and L4) present as L3 was less than 15 per cent in August and September, but increased to 92 per cent by December and then decreased to 71 per cent by March and April. During March and April the proportion of L4 increased as overwintering L3 resumed their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shaw
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Banchory, Kincardineshire
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Truong T, Sagar SM, Millard WJ, Shaw JL. Cysteamine induces cataracts in newborn rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987; 28:1710-3. [PMID: 3654144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily subcutaneous injections of cysteamine (CSH) administered to neonatal rats for 6 to 11 days cause dense bilateral cataracts that are evident at eye opening and that are permanent. CSH has been previously shown to induce protein cross-linking by the formation of abnormal disulfide bonds. It is hypothesized that the same mechanism underlies its cataractogenic effect; as such, CSH may be a useful agent in the study of models of senile cataract formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Truong
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
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Axelrod L, Ryan CA, Shaw JL, Kieffer JD, Ausiello DA. Prostacyclin production by isolated rat adipocytes: evidence for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent and independent mechanisms and for a selective effect of insulin. Endocrinology 1986; 119:2233-9. [PMID: 2429831 DOI: 10.1210/endo-119-5-2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rat adipocyte contains two separate mechanisms for prostaglandin (PG) production. Norepinephrine stimulates prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 production and triglyceride lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes. In contrast, the vasoactive peptides angiotensin II, vasopressin, and bradykinin stimulate PGI2 production, but not PGE2 production or triglyceride lipolysis, in these cells. In this study, we characterized the two separate mechanisms of PG production with respect to the time course, the role of cAMP, the identity of the adrenergic receptor, and the effects of insulin and glucocorticoids. Angiotensin II stimulated PGI2 production rapidly (at 5 min) and independently of cAMP. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol produced a rapid 11-fold increase in the cAMP concentration and stimulated PGI2 production more slowly (at 120 min). The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (0.2 and 0.5 mM) and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (10 microM) also stimulated cAMP production rapidly and PGI2 production more slowly. 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (5.0 mM) further stimulated cAMP levels, but prevented the increase in PGI2 production and blunted the increase in glycerol release seen at lower concentrations. beta-Adrenergic blockade with propranolol or timolol completely inhibited the norepinephrine- or isoproterenol-stimulated production of PGI2 and triglyceride lipolysis, respectively. Insulin selectively inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated PGI2 production and triglyceride lipolysis at physiological concentrations, but had no effect on angiotensin II-stimulated PGI2 production. In contrast, dexamethasone inhibited PGI2 production induced by both isoproterenol and angiotensin II. We conclude that: angiotensin II stimulates PGI2 production rapidly and independently of cAMP, but isoproterenol stimulates PGI2 production more slowly, an effect that is cAMP dependent; insulin inhibits the cAMP-dependent beta-adrenergic stimulation of PGI2 production (and triglyceride lipolysis), but not the cAMP-independent angiotensin II-induced stimulation of PGI2 production (this suggests that the former effect is mediated by a decrease in cAMP levels in the adipocyte); and dexamethasone inhibits both mechanisms of PGI2 production. Both mechanisms of PGI2 production by rat adipocytes are exquisitely sensitive to hormonal regulation.
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Abstract
Sweetness detection threshold, suprathreshold estimation, and preference were evaluated in caries-free and caries-susceptible children aged 7 to 15 years. The two caries groups appeared similar on all measures. This report contrasts with previous adult studies indicating a relationship between sweet taste sensitivity and caries status.
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Abstract
Complications of radiation therapy for prostatic carcinoma are frequent but usually minor. A patient is described in whom localized ureteral fibrosis developed following curative radiation therapy, which subsequently required a reconstructive operation. An analogous situation regarding patients with carcinoma of the cervix is examined and possible etiologies are discussed. This complication should be recognized so that proper management can be instituted.
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Shaw JL. Reiteration: results of the 1974 reorganisation of the Health Service. Hosp Equip Supplies 1975; 21:20-1. [PMID: 10237557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
Filling defects of the renal pelvis not uncommonly present a difficult diagnostic challenge to the urologist and the radiologist. The precise etiology of the radiographic picture is not always evident, even after a battery of clinical tests. A pathologically proved case of an aberrant renal papilla is reported herein, and the significant differential diagnostic possibilities are considered and reviewed.
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Shaw JL. Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder and other trauma caused by convulsive seizures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971; 53:1437-40. [PMID: 5000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Niebauer JJ, Shaw JL, Doren WW. Silicone-dacron hinge prosthesis. Design, evaluation, and application. Ann Rheum Dis 1969; 28:Suppl:56-8. [PMID: 5379852 PMCID: PMC2453473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Adamson TM, Hawker JM, Reynolds EO, Shaw JL. Hypoxemia during recovery from severe hyaline membrane disease. Pediatrics 1969; 44:168-78. [PMID: 5806248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Shaw JL, Sakellarides H. Radial-nerve paralysis associated with fractures of the humerus. A review of forty-five cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1967; 49:899-902. [PMID: 6029259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Shaw JL, Bassett CA. The effects of varying oxygen concentrations on osteogenesis and embryonic cartilage in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1967; 49:73-80. [PMID: 6016058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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