1
|
Rodriguez JE, Ponce-Aix S. From N-of-one to series of exceptional responders: unlocking the mystery of outliers in oncology. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101833. [PMID: 37769399 PMCID: PMC10539974 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rodriguez
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - S Ponce-Aix
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ceña-Diez R, Narayanan A, Ray S, Klundert MVD, Rodriguez JE, Nilvebrant J, Nygren PÅ, Végvári Á, van Domselaar R, Sönnerborg A. Naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with dual anti-HIV-1 mechanism. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106792. [PMID: 36931610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We have reported enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WG-am, among elite controllers, patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action. Our data suggest that WG-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, our time course assay showed that WG-am inhibited HIV-1 also at 4-6h post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WG-am to internalize into the host cell in an HIV independent manner. Proteomic studies showed a clustering of all samples treated with WG-am independent on the number of doses or presence or absence of HIV-1. Differentially expressed proteins due to the WG-am treatment indicated an effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. Naturally occurring in HIV-1 elite controllers, WG-am stands out as a new kind of antiviral compound with two independent inhibitory mechanisms of action on HIV-1 replication. WG-am halts HIV-1 entry to the host cell by binding to HIV-1 gp120, thereby blocking the binding of HIV-1 to the host cell. It has also a post-entry, but pre-integration antiviral effect related to inhibition of RT-activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ceña-Diez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shilpa Ray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten van de Klundert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jimmy E Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Division of Protein Engineering, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Engineering, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert van Domselaar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Végvári Á, Rodriguez JE, Zubarev RA. Single-Cell Chemical Proteomics (SCCP) Interrogates the Timing and Heterogeneity of Cancer Cell Commitment to Death. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9261-9269. [PMID: 35731985 PMCID: PMC9260713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chemical proteomics
studies the effects of drugs upon a cellular
proteome. Due to the complexity and diversity of tumors, the response
of cancer cells to drugs is also heterogeneous, and thus, proteome
analysis at the single-cell level is needed. Here, we demonstrate
that single-cell proteomics techniques have become quantitative enough
to tackle the drug effects on target proteins, enabling single-cell
chemical proteomics (SCCP). Using SCCP, we studied here the time-resolved
response of individual adenocarcinoma A549 cells to anticancer drugs
methotrexate, camptothecin, and tomudex, revealing the early emergence
of cellular subpopulations committed and uncommitted to death. As
a novel and useful approach to exploring the heterogeneous response
to drugs of cancer cells, SCCP may prove to be a breakthrough application
for single-cell proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Végvári
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum A9, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jimmy E Rodriguez
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum A9, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum A9, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neogi U, Elaldi N, Appelberg S, Ambikan A, Kennedy E, Dowall S, Bagci BK, Gupta S, Rodriguez JE, Svensson-Akusjärvi S, Monteil V, Vegvari A, Benfeitas R, Banerjea A, Weber F, Hewson R, Mirazimi A. Multi-omics insights into host-viral response and pathogenesis in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses for novel therapeutic target. eLife 2022; 11:76071. [PMID: 35437144 PMCID: PMC9018070 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and host-viral interactions of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) are convoluted and not well evaluated. Application of the multi-omics system biology approaches, including biological network analysis in elucidating the complex host-viral response, interrogates the viral pathogenesis. The present study aimed to fingerprint the system-level alterations during acute CCHFV-infection and the cellular immune responses during productive CCHFV-replication in vitro. We used system-wide network-based system biology analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a longitudinal cohort of CCHF patients during the acute phase of infection and after one year of recovery (convalescent phase) followed by untargeted quantitative proteomics analysis of the most permissive CCHFV-infected Huh7 and SW13 cells. In the RNAseq analysis of the PBMCs, comparing the acute and convalescent-phase, we observed system-level host’s metabolic reprogramming towards central carbon and energy metabolism (CCEM) with distinct upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during CCHFV-infection. Upon application of network-based system biology methods, negative coordination of the biological signaling systems like FOXO/Notch axis and Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling with metabolic pathways during CCHFV-infection were observed. The temporal quantitative proteomics in Huh7 showed a dynamic change in the CCEM over time and concordant with the cross-sectional proteomics in SW13 cells. By blocking the two key CCEM pathways, glycolysis and glutaminolysis, viral replication was inhibited in vitro. Activation of key interferon stimulating genes during infection suggested the role of type I and II interferon-mediated antiviral mechanisms both at the system level and during progressive replication. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging disease that is increasingly spreading to new populations. The condition is now endemic in almost 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. CCHF is caused by a tick-borne virus and can cause uncontrolled bleeding. It has a mortality rate of up to 40%, and there are currently no vaccines or effective treatments available. All viruses depend entirely on their hosts for reproduction, and they achieve this through hijacking the molecular machinery of the cells they infect. However, little is known about how the CCHF virus does this and how the cells respond. To understand more about the relationship between the cell’s metabolism and viral replication, Neogi, Elaldi et al. studied immune cells taken from patients during an infection and one year later. The gene activity of the cells showed that the virus prefers to hijack processes known as central carbon and energy metabolism. These are the main regulator of the cellular energy supply and the production of essential chemicals. By using cancer drugs to block these key pathways, Neogi, Elaldi et al. could reduce the viral reproduction in laboratory cells. These findings provide a clearer understanding of how the CCHF virus replicates inside human cells. By interfering with these processes, researchers could develop new antiviral strategies to treat the disease. One of the cancer drugs tested in cells, 2-DG, has been approved for emergency use against COVID-19 in some countries. Neogi, Elaldi et al. are now studying this further in animals with the hope of reaching clinical trials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.,Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Anoop Ambikan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Kennedy
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Dowall
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Binnur K Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jimmy E Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson-Akusjärvi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Monteil
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akos Vegvari
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhil Banerjea
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva AR, Lima DB, Leyva A, Duran R, Batthyany C, Aquino PF, Leal JC, Rodriguez JE, Domont GB, Santos MD, Chamot-Rooke J, Barbosa VC, Carvalho PC. DiagnoProt: a tool for discovery of new molecules by mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:1883-1885. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André R.F Silva
- Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Lima
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Duran
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyany
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Juliana C Leal
- Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Fiocruz, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jimmy E Rodriguez
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marlon D.M Santos
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Computational Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Group, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Valmir C Barbosa
- Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Computational Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Group, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory for Toxinology, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romero-Nava R, Rodriguez JE, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Ruiz-Hernandéz A, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Changes in protein and gene expression of angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) in aorta of diabetic and hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 38:56-62. [PMID: 26268856 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Some reports have related the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes with increase in the risk of developing vascular complications. Recently some studies have shown results suggesting that in the early stages of diabetes and hypertension exist a reduced functional response to vasopressor agents like angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in blood pressure regulation mechanism through the activation of its AT1 and AT2 receptors. For that reason, the aim of this work was to study the gene and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors in aorta of diabetic SHR and WKY rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). After 4 weeks of the onset of diabetes, the protein expression was obtained by western blot and the mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Our results showed that the hypertensive rats have a higher mRNA and protein expression of AT1 receptors than normotensive rats while the AT2 expression remained unchanged. On the other hand, the combination of diabetes and hypertension increased the mRNA and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors significantly. In conclusion, our results suggest that diabetes with hypertension modifies the mRNA and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. However, the overexpression of AT2 could be associated with the reduction in the response to Ang II in the early stage of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Romero-Nava
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - J E Rodriguez
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - A A Reséndiz-Albor
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - F Sánchez-Muñoz
- b Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México D.F. , México
| | - A Ruiz-Hernandéz
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - F Huang
- c Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología , Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), México D.F. , México , and
| | - E Hong
- d Departamento de Neurofarmacobiología , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México D.F. , México
| | - S Villafaña
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paz ND, Rodriguez JE, Eiceman GA. Volatile organic compounds in headspace over electrical components at 75 to 200°C - part 1. identification of constituents and emission rates. J Occup Environ Hyg 2012; 9:89-98. [PMID: 22239061 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2011.640545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The identity and emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace vapors over electronic components were determined at temperatures from 75 to 200°C using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The emission of VOCs may provide a basis to detect the onset of the overheating of electronic components in confined atmospheres near electronic bays on airplanes and submarines before smoldering or ignition. VOCs found in headspace vapors over components, including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and insulation from wires of a transformer, were composed of simple mixtures of substances with 6 to 10 carbon number from chemical families including ketones, aldehydes, substituted benzenes, alcohols, and phenols. Composition of the vapors was characteristic but not exclusive of a particular electrical component, except for phenols and methylstyrene, which were found only in a single component. Emission rates were expressed as nanogram of chemical per gram of component per minute, and increased from a low of 0.001 ng/g-min for nonanal from transformer wire at 100°C to a maximum of 2.5 ng/g-min at 150°C for isophorone from a resistor. Patterns of persistence with repeated sampling of headspace for components at 200°C over 5 hr suggested that VOCs arose from impurities in plastics rather than from thermal decomposition of the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Paz
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eiceman GA, Young D, Schmidt H, Rodriguez JE, Baumbach JI, Vautz W, Lake DA, Johnston MV. Ion mobility spectrometry of gas-phase ions from laser ablation of solids in air at ambient pressure. Appl Spectrosc 2007; 61:1076-1083. [PMID: 17958958 DOI: 10.1366/000370207782217671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A mobility spectrometer was used to characterize gas-phase ions produced from laser ablation of solids in air at 100 degrees C and at ambient pressure with a beam focused to a diameter of <or=0.2 mm at energy of 6 mJ/pulse and wavelength of 266 nm. Metals, organic polymers, glass, graphite, and boron nitride exhibited characteristic mobility spectra with peaks at drift times between 8.75 and 12.5 ms (reduced mobility values of 2.19 to 1.53 cm(2)/Vs). Ion intensities increased initially and then decreased with repeated laser shots through drilling of the solid, and persistence of signal was proportional to hardness. A single comparatively narrow peak for negative ions was observed in mobility spectra for all materials and this was mass-identified as O(2)(-). These ions were formed in air from reactions of oxygen with electrons emitted from the ablation step. Positive ions ablated directly from the solid were masked in ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) studies by ionization of moisture and impurities. Positive ions from solids were seen only in the IMS analyzer at elevated temperature and low moisture. Under such conditions, materials were classified from mobility spectra alone with principal component analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bollan HR, Stone JA, Brokenshire JL, Rodriguez JE, Eiceman GA. Mobility resolution and mass analysis of ions from ammonia and hydrazine complexes with ketones formed in air at ambient pressure. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007; 18:940-51. [PMID: 17376700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Protonated ammonia and hydrazines (MH(+)) form complexes with ketones and the differences in masses and mobilities of the resulting ions, MH(+)(ketone)(n), are sufficient for separation in an ion mobility spectrometer at ambient pressure. The highest mass ion for any of the protonated molecules is obtained when the ketone is present at elevated concentrations in the supporting atmosphere of both the source and drift regions of the spectrometer so that an ion maintains a discrete composition and mobility. The sizes of the ion-molecule complexes were found to depend on the number of H atoms on the protonated nitrogen atom--four for ammonia, three for hydrazine, two for monomethylhydrazine, and one for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and the drift times of these ions were proportional to the size of the ion-molecule complex. Unexpected side products, including protonated hydrazones and azines, and associated ketone clusters, were isolated to a single drift tube containing ceramic parts and could not, from CID studies, be attributed to gas-phase ion chemistry. These findings illustrate that mobility resolution of ions in IMS and IMS/MS experiments can be enhanced through chemical modification of the supporting gas atmosphere without changes in the core ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Bollan
- Technical Enabling Services Sea Systems Group, Defense Procurement Agency, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bell S, Nazarov E, Wang YF, Rodriguez JE, Eiceman GA. Neural network recognition of chemical class information in mobility spectra obtained at high temperatures. Anal Chem 2000; 72:1192-8. [PMID: 10740859 DOI: 10.1021/ac991019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A minimal neural network was applied to a large library of high-temperature mobility spectra drawn from 16 chemical classes including 154 substances with 2000 spectra at various concentrations. A genetic algorithm was used to create a representative subset of points from the mobility spectrum as input to a cascade-type back-propagation network. This network demonstrated that significant information specific to chemical class was located in the spectral region near the reactant ions. This network failed to generalize the solution to unfamiliar compounds necessitating the use of complete spectra in network processing. An extended back-propagation network classified unfamiliar chemicals by functional group with a mean for average values of 0.83 without sulfides and 0.79 with sulfides. Further experiments confirmed that chemical class information was resident in the spectral region near the reactant ions. Deconvolution of spectra demonstrated the presence of ions, merged with the reactant ion peaks that originated from introduced samples. The ability of the neural network to generalize the solution to unfamiliar compounds suggests that these ions are distinct and class specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004-2431, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eiceman GA, Bergloff JF, Rodriguez JE, Munro W, Karpas Z. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of fluorinated phenols in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and ion mobility spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1999; 10:1157-1165. [PMID: 11536925 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(99)00082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-mass spectrometry (MS) for fluorinated phenols (C6H5-xFxOH Where x = 0-5) in nitrogen with Cl- as the reagent ion yielded product ions of M Cl- through ion associations or (M-H)- through proton abstractions. Proton abstraction was controllable by potentials on the orifice and first lens, suggesting that some proton abstraction occurs through collision induced dissociation (CID) in the interface region. This was proven using CID of adduct ions (M Cl-) with Q2 studies where adduct ions were dissociated to Cl- or proton abstracted to (M-H)-. The extent of proton abstraction depended upon ion energy and structure in order of calculated acidities: pentafluorophenol > tetrafluorophenol > trifluorophenol > difluorophenol. Little or no proton abstraction occurred for fluorophenol, phenol, or benzyl alcohol analogs. Ion mobility spectrometry was used to determine if proton abstraction reactions passed through an adduct intermediate with thermalized ions and mobility spectra for all chemicals were obtained from 25 to 200 degrees C. Proton abstraction from M Cl- was not observed at any temperature for phenol, monofluorophenol, or difluorophenol. Mobility spectra for trifluorophenol revealed the kinetic transformations to (M-H)- either from M Cl- or from M2 Cl- directly. Proton abstraction was the predominant reaction for tetra- and penta-fluorophenols. Consequently, the evidence suggests that proton abstraction occurs from an adduct ion where the reaction barrier is reduced with increasing acidity of the O-H bond in C6H5-xFxOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gómez-Sánchez MA, Delgado JF, Escribano P, Santos M, Sotelo T, Gil R, Hernández-Afonso J, Ortuño B, Romero F, Sáenz de la Calzada C, Rodriguez JE, Rufilanchas JJ. Early cyclosporine blood levels impact the incidence of acute rejection and overall mortality in the first year after heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:1671-2. [PMID: 9723237 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Gómez-Sánchez
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Program, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Sixty five patients with various traumatic lesions of the fingers have been operated on under digital anaesthesia using 3 ml of 2% Mepivacaine injected into the flexor tendon sheath. The anaesthesia was adequate for surgery in all instances except in one patient. No complications were encountered with this technique. The authors studied the mechanism of action by dissecting a cadaveric hand after injecting a tracer (Methylene blue) in place of the local anaesthesia, suggesting, but not proving, that anaesthesia is achieved by blocking the nerve in the area of the injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Morros
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mutua Metallurgica de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Varicella virus is one of the most reclusive human herpesviruses. The virus is not released from infected cultured cells. Rather, infectivity is transferred by fusion of contiguous cells. To further investigate this process, infected cells were viewed by scanning electron microscopy. Thousands of viral particles were observed in elongated clusters overlying the virus-induced syncytia. When virus-infected cells were covered postinfection with medium supplemented with a monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein gpIII (gH homolog), syncytial formation was completely blocked and no progeny viral particles were observed on the surface of the monolayer. Removal of the antibody was followed by rapid progression of cytopathic effect. Addition of antibody to other viral proteins did not alter the infection. Thus, a monoclonal antibody to a single viral determinant on glycoprotein gpIII (gH) can prevent syncytial formation postinfection and block progression of infectivity. Since the same monoclonal antibody can inhibit entry, this study greatly expands the role of antibody in the modulation of herpesvirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Traumatic aneurysms of a digital artery are rare, and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. This paper describes the aetiology, physical appearances, investigation and management of a false aneurysm of the digital artery of the left little finger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Montoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mútua Metallúrgica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Montero CG, Burgos R, Rodriguez JE, Figuera D. Outlet-strut fracture and disc embolization in 27-mm and smaller Björk-Shiley convexo-concave valves: historical overview and 3 case reports. Tex Heart Inst J 1989; 16:32-5. [PMID: 15227234 PMCID: PMC324840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Outlet-strut fracture leading to primary failure of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave disc valves has only recently been reported in valves of 27-mm size and smaller. We now report an additional 3 cases of outlet strut failure in smaller convexo-concave valves, in a series of 899 implantations (overall incidence, 0.33%) of convexo-concave valves in various sizes and in 2 variant opening angles (60 degrees and 70 degrees ), during a 6-year period. All failures were confined to lots implanted during 1981 and 1982. We describe these 3 cases within the context of an historical overview of the Björk-Shiley tilting-disc valve, and propose methods of surgical intervention when this life-threatening complication arises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Montero
- The Cardiothoracic Surgery Service, Clinica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus induced beta interferon in cultures of human foreskin cells. The inhibitor was first released between 8 and 16 hours after infection, about 48 hours before progeny virus. In cultures infected with low concentrations of virus, interferon was produced as the infection spread, and then in amounts larger than expected. After infection with cytomegalovirus, cells which had been primed for 48 hours with purified beta interferon produced significantly more interferon than unprimed cells, and the interferon was produced earlier, between 2 and 8 hours after infection. CMV-induced interferon also was able to prime cells. The data suggest that the relatively large quantities of interferon detected in cultures infected with low concentrations of cytomegalovirus result from endogenous priming: those cells infected early first produce interferon which primes uninfected cells, then virus which induces the primed cells to produce interferon in relatively high concentrations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gonzalez AB, Hernandez O, Suarez O, Gonzalez-Abreu E, Rodriguez JE. Survey for primary dapsone resistance in Cuba. LEPROSY REV 1986; 57:341-5. [PMID: 3540496 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19860034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Schultz RJ, Harvey GP, Fernandez-Beros ME, Krishnamurthy S, Rodriguez JE, Cabello F. Bactericidal effects of the neodymium:YAG laser: in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 1986; 6:445-8. [PMID: 3100891 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1900060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of laser energy on three bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied utilizing the neodymium:YAG laser. Cell suspensions of each strain were divided into four groups. In group I, suspensions from each strain were exposed to laser energy densities of 555-3,333 J/cm2. In groups II and III, two artificial dyes, congo red or methylene blue, were added to the suspensions prior to lasing. In group IVa, no laser energy was used, and group IVb was used to measure the bactericidal thermal effects of the laser. It was concluded that: Low dosages of laser energy exceeding 1,667 J/cm2 resulted in a 2 to 8 log decline in the number of viable bacterial colonies in vitro. Compared to the other two bacterial strains, P aeruginosa was the most sensitive to YAG laser irradiation. Addition of methylene blue, a dark-colored dye, enhanced the bactericidal effects of the YAG laser as indicated by the significantly reduced viability of P aeruginosa after irradiation with 2,222 J/cm2.
Collapse
|
20
|
Schultz RJ, Krishnamurthy S, Thelmo W, Rodriguez JE, Harvey G. Effects of varying intensities of laser energy on articular cartilage: a preliminary study. Lasers Surg Med 1985; 5:577-88. [PMID: 4088000 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1900050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of laser energy on articular cartilage were studied utilizing the neodymium YAG laser. Partial-thickness cartilage defects were surgically attempted in the femoral condyles of knee joints in guinea pigs. The defects were exposed to laser energy of varying intensities [group I, 25 J (5 W X 5 sec); group II, 75 J (15 W X 5 sec); group III, 125 J (25 W X 5 sec)]. A fourth group was studied, in which the defect was not lased. Animals were killed at weekly intervals from 1 to 6 weeks and the knee joints were subjected to histological analysis. At 5 weeks, the knees exposed to 25 and 75 J demonstrated a reparative process with chondral proliferation. The knees exposed to 125 J demonstrated fibrotic tissue and tissue necrosis that resulted in fibrosis. In the knees not exposed to laser energy, numerous foci of granulation tissue were present at all stages with the end point of healing being one of fibrosis with disorganized patchy cartilage islands.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus disappeared from cultures continuously exposed to interferon. When interferon was removed, high titers of virus reappeared. Cytomegalovirus was thus able to persist in potentially infectious form in cells protected by interferon.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stinski MF, Thomsen DR, Rodriguez JE. Synthesis of human cytomegalovirus-specified RNA and protein in interferon-treated cells at early times after infection. J Gen Virol 1982; 60:261-70. [PMID: 6180127 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-60-2-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In human fibroblast cells treated with interferon, cytomegalovirus-specified immediate early RNA was found associated with the polyribosomes at concentrations and size classes similar to the virus RNA found in non-treated cells, Interferon treatment inhibited the translation of the immediate early virus mRNA; the relative rate of virus-specified immediate early protein and antigen synthesis decreased with increasing concentrations of interferon. In addition, the relative amount of virus-specified RNA associated with the polyribosomes at early times after infection was significantly reduced by treatment of the cells with interferon. Inhibition of infectious virus production in interferon-treated cells was primarily due to inhibition of immediate early virus protein synthesis and secondarily to suppression of early virus RNA synthesis. The role of the virus-specified immediate early proteins in regulating subsequent virus gene expression is discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
By using cloned types 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus, obtained by selecting large and small plaques produced by material from human lesions, studies were performed to compare properties between preparations of each type. Regarding the rate of inactivation by ultraviolet light, no differences were found between the two antigenic types and none between the preparations obtained from either type. In contrast, type 1 preparations were found to be more readily inactivated at 45 C than type 2. Plaque size of cloned preparations changed by passage in cell culture. A broader range of plaque sizes was obtained, and average plaque size was larger. After 20 passages, preparations obtained from different types gave rise to one of three kinds of cytopathic effect. The cytopathic effect produced by type 1 preparations remained as before 20 passages and consisted of round cells in a compact central mass. For type 2, two kinds of cytopathic effect were seen in cloned preparations. This consisted of aggregates of round cells (seen in preparations before 20 passages) or of large, loose aggregates of round cells of various sizes. Results from neutralization studies using virus before and after 20 passages in cell culture versus antisera prepared against live or ultraviolet-inactivated virus showed no differences between cloned preparations obtained from a given type.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodriguez JE, Ter Meulen V, Henle W. Studies on persistent infections of tissue culture. VI. Reversible changes in Newcastle disease virus populations as a result of passage in L cells or chick embryos. J Virol 1967; 1:1-9. [PMID: 5623955 PMCID: PMC375498 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.1.1-9.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations of the Victoria strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), reisolated from persistently infected L-cell cultures and passed twice in the embryonated hen's egg (NDV(L-E-2)), were found to differ strikingly from the original, chick embryo-adapted virus (NDV(o)). After exposure of L cells to NDV(o) at high multiplicities of infection, all cells became abortively infected; they produced only small aggregates of viral antigen and few, if any, infectious virus particles, but they yielded large amounts of interferon. No cytopathic effects (CPE) were noted, and the cultures survived readily as viral carriers. In contrast, NDV(L-E-2) yielded under similar conditions large quantities of viral antigen and infectious virus particles, but no detectable interferon, and the cultures were rapidly destroyed. This change in "virulence" was at least partially reversible by further serial passages of NDV(L-E-2) in chick embryos, as was evident from a consecutive decrease in CPE with a concomitant increasingly rapid recovery of the L-cell cultures, gradually diminishing yields of infectious viral progeny, and the returning of a capacity to induce interferon synthesis. Thus, NDV(L-E-16) resembled NDV(o) in many aspects, except for a less striking reduction in its ability to replicate in L cells. Although a selection of viral variants under the given sets of conditions has not been entirely excluded, the establishment of "avirulence" appears to be largely explained by a gradual accumulation of noninfectious, interferon-inducing components in the course of serial passages in the embryonated hen's egg, and the acquisition of "virulence" by a loss of these components. The evidence is as follows. (i) By a step-wise decrease in the dose of virus and restriction of the analyses to the first infectious cycle, a multiplicity of infection was ultimately reached for all "avirulent" populations at which infected cells produced normal yields of infectious viral progeny; i.e., the interferon-inducing components were diluted to noneffective levels. The lowest multiplicity which resulted in a measurable reduction in infectious virus replication was also the last one to induce detectable interferon synthesis. (ii) All viral clones derived from "avirulent" populations behaved like NDV(L-E-2) rather than like the parent viral suspensions, except that some of them elicited small amounts of interferon in L cells. The interferon-inducing components were reduced or lost in the cloning procedures. The nature of the interferon-inducing components has not been established. These components, which were neutralized by rabbit sera against "virulent" NDV(L-E-2) populations, may represent largely inactive or incomplete virus particles; however, the infectious virus-hemagglutinin ratios of "avirulent" populations were mostly of an order similar to those of "virulent" populations. The interferon-inducing components aborted the infectious process in cells simultaneously invaded by infectious virus particles. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|