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Yoo JW, Laszkowska M, Mendelsohn RB. The Role of Screening and Early Detection in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:693-710. [PMID: 38431494 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal cancers are among the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide with exceptionally poor prognosis, which is largely attributable to frequently delayed diagnosis. Although effective screening is critical for early detection, the highly variable incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers presents challenges, rendering universal screening programs suboptimal in most populations globally. Optimal strategies in regions of modest incidence, such as the United States, require a targeted approach, focused on high-risk individuals based on demographic, familial, and clinicopathologic risk factors. Assessment of underlying precancerous lesions has key implications for risk stratification and informing clinical decisions to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Yoo
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Monika Laszkowska
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robin B Mendelsohn
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Yoo JW, Kim J, Lee MW, Kang J, Ko WH, Oh SG, Ko J, Lee JH, Nam YU, Jung L, Park BH, Yoon SW. Fast-ion D α spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043504. [PMID: 34243446 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system was installed for core and edge measurements on KSTAR. This system has two tangential FIDA arrays that cover both blue- and redshifted Dα lines (cold: 656.09 nm) in active views along the neutral beam 1 A centerline. The spectral band is 647-662.5 nm, and it covers the Doppler shift of the emission from the maximum energy of the neutral beam (100 keV). A curved filter strip with a motorized stage adequately prevents saturation of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device signal by the cold Dα line from the plasma edge. From comparisons of the measured spectra and FIDASIM modeling code, the FIDA spectra are well matched quantitatively. Moreover, the first measurements show that the FIDA radiance agrees with the neutron rate in the time trace during external heating and perturbation. In addition, responses are observed in the core FIDA radiance during the edge-localized mode cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Yoo
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kang
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - W-H Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Oh
- Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - J Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Y U Nam
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - L Jung
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Park
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Yoon
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
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George J, Bajaj D, Sankaramangalam K, Yoo JW, Joshi NS, Gettinger S, Price C, Farrell JJ. Incidence of pancreatitis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in advanced cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2019; 19:587-594. [PMID: 31076344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic immune side effects including pancreatitis have been reported with the use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL-1). However, the true incidence, risk, causes (tumor or drug specific) of pancreatitis and relation to other immune side effects, especially diabetes mellitus (DM) are unknown. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all clinical trials using ICI for the incidence of any grade lipase elevation, pancreatitis or DM. RESULTS The incidence of asymptomatic lipase elevation after ICI use is 2.7% (211/7702) and grade 2 pancreatitis is 1.9% (150/7702). No pancreatitis related mortality has been reported in these clinical trials. Patients treated with CTLA-4 inhibitors have increased incidence of pancreatitis when compared to patients treated with PD1 inhibitors 3.98% (95% CI: 2.92 to 5.05) vs 0.94% (95% CI: 0.48 to 1.40); P value < 0.05. Patients treated with ICI for melanoma have increased incidence of pancreatitis when compared to non-melanoma cancers. We also noted an additive increase in incidence of pancreatitis with combination of CTLA4 and PD-1 inhibitors (10.60; 95% CI: 7.89 to 13.32) compared with either CTLA-4 or PD-1 inhibitors alone. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides precise data for the incidence of pancreatitis among patients using ICI based on tumor types and ICI regimens. ICI use for solid tumors is associated with increased incidence of all grades of lipase elevation and pancreatitis, especially for CTLA-4 agents and ICI combination. Although it does not appear to be associated with mortality, ICI related pancreatitis should be recognized early for appropriate treatment and to potentially reduce long term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital-Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Divyansh Bajaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine/Saint Vincent Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Kesavan Sankaramangalam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jin Woo Yoo
- Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott Gettinger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christina Price
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James J Farrell
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Lee SG, Yoo JW, Kim YS. Calibration methods of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F108. [PMID: 30399801 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The detailed calibration methods and procedure for the X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research device are investigated. A cross comparison from two different diagnostics including the XICS and charge exchange spectrometer is the best option, in particular, when both systems can be operated simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J W Yoo
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - A H Villamagna
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - J W Yoo
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
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Lee SG, Yoo JW, Kim YS, Nam UW, Moon MK. Experimental results from an X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer utilizing multi-wire proportional counter for KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E314. [PMID: 27910480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The inconsistency of the first experimental results from the X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research device utilizing a multi-wire proportional counter (MWPC) is clarified after improving the photon-count rate of the data acquisition system for the MWPC and ground loop isolator for the whole spectrometer system. The improved MWPC is successfully applied to pure Ohmic plasmas as well as plasmas with high confinement modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J W Yoo
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - U W Nam
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M K Moon
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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Wang Y, Davidow L, Arvanites AC, Blanchard J, Lam K, Xu K, Oza V, Yoo JW, Ng JM, Curran T, Rubin LL, McMahon AP. Glucocorticoid compounds modify smoothened localization and hedgehog pathway activity. Chem Biol 2012; 19:972-82. [PMID: 22921064 PMCID: PMC3724998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is linked to a variety of diseases, notably a range of cancers. The first generation of drug screens identified Smoothened (Smo), a membrane protein essential for signaling, as an attractive drug target. Smo localizes to the primary cilium upon pathway activation, and this transition is critical for the response to Hedgehog ligands. In a high content screen directly monitoring Smo distribution in Hedgehog-responsive cells, we identified different glucocorticoids as specific modulators of Smo ciliary accumulation. One class promoted Smo accumulation, conferring cellular hypersensitivity to Hedgehog stimulation. In contrast, a second class inhibited Smo ciliary localization and signaling activity by both wild-type Smo, and mutant forms of Smo, SmoM2, and SmoD473H, that are refractory to previously identified Smo antagonists. These findings point to the potential for developing glucocorticoid-based pharmacological modulation of Smo signaling to treat mutated drug-resistant forms of Smo, an emerging problem in long-term cancer therapy. They also raise a concern about potential crosstalk of glucocorticoid drugs in the Hedgehog pathway, if therapeutic administration exceeds levels associated with on-target transcriptional mechanisms of glucocorticoid action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Lance Davidow
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Anthony C. Arvanites
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Joel Blanchard
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kelvin Lam
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vatsal Oza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jin Woo Yoo
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | - Tom Curran
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Wang Y, Arvanites AC, Davidow L, Blanchard J, Lam K, Yoo JW, Coy S, Rubin LL, McMahon AP. Selective identification of hedgehog pathway antagonists by direct analysis of smoothened ciliary translocation. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1040-8. [PMID: 22554036 DOI: 10.1021/cb300028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling promotes tumorigenesis. The accumulation of the membrane protein Smoothened (Smo) within the primary cilium (PC) is a key event in Hh signal transduction, and many pharmacological inhibitors identified to date target Smo's actions. Smo ciliary translocation is inhibited by some pathway antagonists, while others promote ciliary accumulation, an outcome that can lead to a hypersensitive state on renewal of Hh signaling. To identify novel inhibitory compounds acting on the critical mechanistic transition of Smo accumulation, we established a high content screen to directly analyze Smo ciliary translocation. Screening thousands of compounds from annotated libraries of approved drugs and other agents, we identified several new classes of compounds that block Sonic hedgehog-driven Smo localization within the PC. Selective analysis was conducted on two classes of Smo antagonists. One of these, DY131, appears to inhibit Smo signaling through a common binding site shared by previously reported Smo agonists and antagonists. Antagonism by this class of compound is competed by high doses of Smo-binding agonists such as SAG and impaired by a mutation that generates a ligand-independent, oncogenic form of Smo (SmoM2). In contrast, a second antagonist of Smo accumulation within the PC, SMANT, was less sensitive to SAG-mediated competition and inhibited SmoM2 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit wild-type Smo. Our observations identify important differences among Hh antagonists and the potential for development of novel therapeutic approaches against mutant forms of Smo that are resistant to current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Anthony C. Arvanites
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Lance Davidow
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Joel Blanchard
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Kelvin Lam
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Jin Woo Yoo
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Shannon Coy
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, §Harvard Stem Cell Institute, ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ⊥Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
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Lee SK, Kang MJ, Jeon TW, Ha HW, Yoo JW, Ko GS, Kang W, Jeong HG, Lyoo WS, Jeong TC. Role of metabolism in 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010; 73:1431-1440. [PMID: 20954070 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2010.511546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A possible role of metabolism in 1-bromopropane (1-BP)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in male ICR mice. The depletion of glutathione (GSH) by formation of GSH conjugates was associated with increased hepatotoxicity in 1-BP-treated mice. The formation of S-propyl and 2-hydroxypropyl GSH conjugates were identified in the liver following 1-BP treatment. In addition, the formation of reactive metabolites of 1-BP by certain cytochrome P-450 (CYP) may be involved in 1-BP-induced hepatotoxicity. The decreased content of hepatic GSH produced by 1-BP was associated not only with increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but also with elevated levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in mice where metabolic enzymes were induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. In addition, the hepatotoxicity induced by 1-BP was prevented by pretreatment with SKF-525A. Taken together, the formation of reactive metabolites by CYP and depletion of GSH may play important roles in hepatotoxicity induced by 1-BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Lee SK, Lee DJ, Ha HW, Yoo JW, Ko GS, Kang MJ, Kang W, Jeong HG, Lee KB, Jeong TC. Hepatotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of 1-Bromohexane and Its Glutathione Conjugation in Female BALB/c Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gyu Sub Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University
| | | | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu
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Zaramo CEB, Morton T, Yoo JW, Bowen GR, Modlin CS. Culturally competent methods to promote organ donation rates among African-Americans using venues of the Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1001-4. [PMID: 18555099 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of the nation is one of society's greatest assets, but this feature is overshadowed by the disproportionate burden of disease that exists among America's minorities. Evidence of the disparate health status has been documented in low life expectancy, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disease as well as a plethora of disorders that necessitate organ transplantation. Many minorities have been reluctant to register to become organ donors. This circumstance can be alleviated by educating the public regarding the necessity of organ transplantation. We have developed a "unique" collaborative outreach program designed to promote acceptance of organ donation in African-Americans (AAs). Our outreach curriculum at Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) has resulted in increased registrations and awareness regarding the need and positive perceptions toward donation. METHODS We developed a culturally sensitive outreach program: cultural sensitivity indicates how culture has the ability to influence communication between patients and health providers. An "Outreach Promotional Contest" was strategically targeted toward 28 Ohio BMVs to promote and assist in an outreach educational program regarding organ donation/registry. RESULTS The consequence/results has been an increase of 3.4% in the BMV locations. The one BMV, with the highest increase was attended predominantly by AAs which moreover, won first place in the contest (6.425%; P < .05). CONCLUSION To increase the number of people willing to register, we believe that both community education regarding the need and importance, as well as culturally sensitive promotion of organ donation, is the best way to increase organ donor registries particularly among minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E B Zaramo
- Cleveland Clinic Minority Men's Health Center, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Abstract
A series of conformationally controlled 2-PAM derivatives were prepared from 2-acetylpyridine and 2,3-pyrido[b]cycloalkenones in two steps and their reactivities towards parathion poisoned AChE were evaluated. The most planar 2,3-pyrido[b]cyclohexanone oxime methiodide showed an activity comparable to 2-PAM implying E-syn is that the most active conformation of 2-PAM in the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea.
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Namgoong SK, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Shin JH, Che JK, Jang DY, Kim GS, Yoo JW, Kang MK, Kil MW, Choi JD, Chang SI. Synthesis of the quinoline-linked triazolopyrimidine analogues and their interactions with the recombinant tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 258:797-801. [PMID: 10329466 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine. Triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide (TP) is a mixed-type inhibitor of ALS with respect to both pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate. In this study, we synthesized new substituted quinoline-linked TP analogues and several TP analogues which contained either unsubstituted aminoquinolines or amino isoquinolines. In addition, we examined the interactions of both the wild-type and the sulfonylurea-resistant recombinant tobacco ALS enzymes in a highly pure and active form with the quinoline-linked TP analogues, respectively. The wild-type tobacco ALS was extremely sensitive to inhibition by the quinoline-linked TP analogues. In contrast, the mutant tobacco ALS was insensitive to both the quinoline-linked triazolopyrimidine and the sulfonylurea herbicides. The results indicate that the ability of the quinoline-linked TP analogues to inhibit ALS is highly sensitive to substitution at the ortho position (C-7) and to the position of the ring nitrogen around the sulfonamide functionality (C-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Korea
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Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is defined by John Hunter as follows: "The lower jaw projecting too far forward so that the foreteeth pass before those of the upper jaw, therefore disfigurement and malocclusion are two of the main facial characteristics." Other distinguishing features are the coexistence of class III malocclusion, incomplete closure of lip, deviation of the midline, and decrease of labiomental fold. Generally, the functional occlusal relationship and balanced facial harmony cannot be obtained by surgical or orthodontic treatment alone. Its success depends on careful conjoint, supplementary diagnostic, and treatment planning. As a cardinal principle the authors made the following combined surgical and orthodontic treatment plans: (1) Orthodontic treatment relocates and decompensates the malpositioned teeth (remove the masking effect of teeth) and, therefore, skeletal deformity is exposed maximally. (2) Surgical treatment eliminates the maximally exposed skeletal defect. Therefore, dramatic facial balance and functional occlusal relationship are obtained. Treatment planning includes the pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment, lateral cephalometric prediction tracing (LCPT), and model surgery with dental cast. The authors made it easy with the use of an acrylic dental wafer to coordinate exact occlusal relationship after surgery. We treated mandibular prognathism by using Dautrey's modification of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) (10 cases) and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) (5 cases) and sometimes additional genioplasty (2 cases). IVRO was used in those cases where (1) the amount of setback was more than 10 mm and (2) where there was a flat gonial angle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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