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Morpeth SC, Venkatesh B, Totterdell JA, McPhee GM, Mahar RK, Jones M, Bandara M, Barina LA, Basnet BK, Bowen AC, Burke AJ, Cochrane B, Denholm JT, Dhungana A, Dore GJ, Dotel R, Duffy E, Dummer J, Foo H, Gilbey TL, Hammond NE, Hudson BJ, Jha V, Jevaji PR, John O, Joshi R, Kang G, Kaur B, Kim S, Das SK, Lau JSY, Littleford R, Marsh JA, Marschner IC, Matthews G, Maze MJ, McArthur CJ, McFadyen JD, McMahon JH, McQuilten ZK, Molton J, Mora JM, Mudaliar V, Nguyen V, O'Sullivan MVN, Pant S, Park JE, Paterson DL, Price DJ, Raymond N, Rees MA, Robinson JO, Rogers BA, Ryu WS, Sasadeusz J, Shum O, Snelling TL, Sommerville C, Trask N, Lewin SR, Hills TE, Davis JS, Roberts JA, Tong SYC. A Randomized Trial of Nafamostat for Covid-19. NEJM Evid 2023; 2:EVIDoa2300132. [PMID: 38320527 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A Randomized Trial of Nafamostat for Covid-19Nafamostat mesylate is a potent in vitro antiviral that inhibits the host transmembrane protease serine 2 enzyme used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry. Morpeth et al report the results of an open-label randomized clinical trial of nafamostat for noncritically ill patients with Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Morpeth
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Middlemore Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Counties Makukau, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The University of Queensland at The Wesley Hospital, Toowong, QLD, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - James A Totterdell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney
| | - Grace M McPhee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert K Mahar
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Department of Health and Clinical Analytics, The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney
| | - Methma Bandara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren A Barina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bhupendra K Basnet
- Department of Medicine, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Asha C Bowen
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Burke
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince Charles Hospital, Merthyr Tydfil, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Cochrane
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney University School of Medicine, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin T Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashesh Dhungana
- Department of Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Gregory J Dore
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ravindra Dotel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eamon Duffy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand at Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jack Dummer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Respiratory Services, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hong Foo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology Liverpool, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy L Gilbey
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Naomi E Hammond
- Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, New Town, NSW, Australia
- Critical Care Program, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
- Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard J Hudson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology, St. Leonards, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Purnima R Jevaji
- Department of Research, The George Institute for Global Health, Pune, Maharashta, India
| | - Oommen John
- Department of Research, The George Institute for Global Health, Vellore, India
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Joshi
- Department of Research, The George Institute for Global Health, Pune, Maharashta, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, Sydney
| | - Baldeep Kaur
- Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, New Town, NSW, Australia
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Santa Kumar Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Jillian S Y Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eastern Health, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberta Littleford
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia Medical School, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ian C Marschner
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - Gail Matthews
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney
- Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program, The Kirby Institute at The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Maze
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New England
| | - Colin J McArthur
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James D McFadyen
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James H McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe K McQuilten
- Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Molton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Western Health, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Mora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vijaybabu Mudaliar
- Department of Research, The George Institute for Global Health, Pune, Maharashta, India
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew V N O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology Westmead Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney Westmead Clinical School, Sydney
| | - Suman Pant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Jaha E Park
- Business Development Team, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corp., Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu Yongin, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David L Paterson
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David J Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Megan A Rees
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James O Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Rogers
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wang-Shick Ryu
- Virology, Institute Pasteur Korea, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Omar Shum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wollongong Hospital, Kingoonya, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollonngong, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas L Snelling
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Christine Sommerville
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nanette Trask
- Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, Sydney
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hills
- Department of Clinical Research, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joshua S Davis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Castle, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Metro North Health, Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital at The University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Henderson A, Cheng MP, Chew KL, Coombs GW, Davis JS, Grant JM, Gregson D, Giulieri SG, Howden BP, Lee TC, Nguyen V, Mora JM, Morpeth SC, Robinson JO, Tong SYC, Van Hal SJ. A multi-site, international laboratory study to assess the performance of penicillin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:1499-1504. [PMID: 37071589 PMCID: PMC10232234 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is clinical uncertainty over the optimal treatment for penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (PSSA) infections. Furthermore, there is concern that phenotypic penicillin susceptibility testing methods are not reliably able to detect some blaZ-positive S. aureus. METHODS Nine S. aureus isolates, including six genetically diverse strains harbouring blaZ, were sent in triplicate to 34 participating laboratories from Australia (n = 14), New Zealand (n = 6), Canada (n = 12), Singapore (n = 1) and Israel (n = 1). We used blaZ PCR as the gold standard to assess susceptibility testing performance of CLSI (P10 disc) and EUCAST (P1 disc) methods. Very major errors (VMEs), major error (MEs) and categorical agreement were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-two laboratories reported 593 results according to CLSI methodology (P10 disc). Nineteen laboratories reported 513 results according to the EUCAST (P1 disc) method. For CLSI laboratories, the categorical agreement and calculated VME and ME rates were 85% (508/593), 21% (84/396) and 1.5% (3/198), respectively. For EUCAST laboratories, the categorical agreement and calculated VME and ME rates were 93% (475/513), 11% (84/396) and 1% (3/198), respectively. Seven laboratories reported results for both methods, with VME rates of 24% for CLSI and 12% for EUCAST. CONCLUSIONS The EUCAST method with a P1 disc resulted in a lower VME rate compared with the CLSI methods with a P10 disc. These results should be considered in the context that among collections of PSSA isolates, as determined by automated MIC testing, less than 10% harbour blaZ. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of phenotypically susceptible, but blaZ-positive S. aureus, remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Henderson
- Infection Management Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- Department of Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ka Lip Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Grant
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dan Gregson
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, and Medicine, Cummings School of Medicine at The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Todd C Lee
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Mora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan C Morpeth
- Microbiology Laboratory, Middlemore Hospital (Counties Manukau Te Whatu Ora), Otahuhu, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James O Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastiaan J Van Hal
- Department of Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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McQuilten ZK, Venkatesh B, Jha V, Roberts J, Morpeth SC, Totterdell JA, McPhee GM, Abraham J, Bam N, Bandara M, Bangi AK, Barina LA, Basnet BK, Bhally H, Bhusal KR, Bogati U, Bowen AC, Burke AJ, Christopher DJ, Chunilal SD, Cochrane B, Curnow JL, Das SK, Dhungana A, Di Tanna GL, Dotel R, DSouza H, Dummer J, Dutta S, Foo H, Gilbey TL, Giles ML, Goli K, Gordon A, Gyanwali P, Haksar D, Hudson BJ, Jani MK, Jevaji PR, Jhawar S, Jindal A, John MJ, John M, John FB, John O, Jones M, Joshi RD, Kamath P, Kang G, Karki AR, Karmalkar AM, Kaur B, Koganti KC, Koshy JM, Krishnamurthy MS, Lau JS, Lewin SR, Lim LL, Marschner IC, Marsh JA, Maze MJ, McGree JM, McMahon JH, Medcalf RL, Merriman EG, Misal AP, Mora JM, Mudaliar VK, Nguyen V, O'Sullivan MV, Pant S, Pant P, Paterson DL, Price DJ, Rees MA, Robinson JO, Rogers BA, Samuel S, Sasadeusz J, Sharma D, Sharma PK, Shrestha R, Shrestha SK, Shrestha P, Shukla U, Shum O, Sommerville C, Spelman T, Sullivan RP, Thatavarthi U, Tran HA, Trask N, Whitehead CL, Mahar RK, Hammond NE, McFadyen JD, Snelling TL, Davis JS, Denholm JT, Tong SYC. Anticoagulation Strategies in Non-Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. NEJM Evid 2023; 2:EVIDoa2200293. [PMID: 38320033 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Anticoagulation in Non-Critically Ill Covid-19 PatientsMcQuilten et al. conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing low-dose, intermediate-dose, low-dose plus aspirin, and therapeutic-dose anticoagulation in patients with Covid-19 of diverse ethnicities in high-, low-, and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe K McQuilten
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Delhi, Delhi, India
- The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- The George Institute for Global Health, Delhi, Delhi, India
- Imperial College, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Roberts
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - James A Totterdell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grace M McPhee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Abraham
- Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Niraj Bam
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Methma Bandara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashpak K Bangi
- Jivanrekha Multispeciality Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lauren A Barina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bhupendra K Basnet
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Hasan Bhally
- North Shore Hospital, Auckland, North Island, New Zealand
| | - Khema R Bhusal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Umesh Bogati
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Asha C Bowen
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J Burke
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sanjeev D Chunilal
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Cochrane
- Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Curnow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Santa Kumar Das
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Ashesh Dhungana
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | | | - Hyjel DSouza
- The George Institute for Global Health, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jack Dummer
- University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sourabh Dutta
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hong Foo
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy L Gilbey
- Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle L Giles
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kasiram Goli
- Aditya Multi-speciality Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Newborn Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradip Gyanwali
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aikaj Jindal
- Satguru Partap Singh Hospitals, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Mary John
- Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Oommen John
- The George Institute for Global Health, Delhi, Delhi, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajesh D Joshi
- The George Institute for Global Health, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Achyut R Karki
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | - Baldeep Kaur
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jency M Koshy
- Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | | | - Jillian S Lau
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ian C Marschner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - James M McGree
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jocelyn M Mora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew V O'Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suman Pant
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Pankaj Pant
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - David L Paterson
- National Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David J Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan A Rees
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James O Robinson
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Health, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Rogers
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Maharaja Agrasen Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Roshan Shrestha
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Sailesh K Shrestha
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Prajowl Shrestha
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Urvi Shukla
- Symbiosis University Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omar Shum
- The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Sommerville
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Spelman
- Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard P Sullivan
- St. George Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Huyen A Tran
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nanette Trask
- Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare L Whitehead
- The Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert K Mahar
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Naomi E Hammond
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James D McFadyen
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas L Snelling
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin T Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hardy K, Mora JM, Dunlop C, Carzaniga R, Franks S, Fenwick MA. Nuclear exclusion of SMAD2/3 in granulosa cells is associated with primordial follicle activation in the mouse ovary. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218123. [PMID: 30111581 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance and activation of the limited supply of primordial follicles in the ovary are important determinants of reproductive lifespan. Currently, the molecular programme that maintains the primordial phenotype and the early events associated with follicle activation are not well defined. Here, we have systematically analysed these events using microscopy and detailed image analysis. Using the immature mouse ovary as a model, we demonstrate that the onset of granulosa cell (GC) proliferation results in increased packing density on the oocyte surface and consequent GC cuboidalization. These events precede oocyte growth and nuclear translocation of FOXO3a, a transcription factor important in follicle activation. Immunolabelling of the TGFβ signalling mediators and transcription factors SMAD2/3 revealed a striking expression pattern specific to GCs of small follicles. SMAD2/3 were expressed in the nuclei of primordial GCs but were mostly excluded in early growing follicles. In activated follicles, GC nuclei lacking SMAD2/3 generally expressed Ki67. These findings suggest that the first phenotypic changes during follicle activation are observed in GCs, and that TGFβ signalling is fundamental for regulating GC arrest and the onset of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hardy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jocelyn M Mora
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carina Dunlop
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A Fenwick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Beale KE, Kinsey-Jones JS, Gardiner JV, Harrison EK, Thompson EL, Hu MH, Sleeth ML, Sam AH, Greenwood HC, McGavigan AK, Dhillo WS, Mora JM, Li XF, Franks S, Bloom SR, O'Byrne KT, Murphy KG. The physiological role of arcuate kisspeptin neurons in the control of reproductive function in female rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1091-8. [PMID: 24424033 PMCID: PMC3929743 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin plays a pivotal role in pubertal onset and reproductive function. In rodents, kisspeptin perikarya are located in 2 major populations: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). These nuclei are believed to play functionally distinct roles in the control of reproduction. The anteroventral periventricular nucleus population is thought to be critical in the generation of the LH surge. However, the physiological role played by the ARC kisspeptin neurons remains to be fully elucidated. We used bilateral stereotactic injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding kisspeptin antisense into the ARC of adult female rats to investigate the physiological role of kisspeptin neurons in this nucleus. Female rats with kisspeptin knockdown in the ARC displayed a significantly reduced number of both regular and complete oestrous cycles and significantly longer cycles over the 100-day period of the study. Further, kisspeptin knockdown in the ARC resulted in a decrease in LH pulse frequency. These data suggest that maintenance of ARC-kisspeptin levels is essential for normal pulsatile LH release and oestrous cyclicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Beale
- Section of Investigative Medicine (K.E.B., J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., E.K.H., E.L.T., M.L.S., A.H.S., H.C.G., A.K.M., W.S.D., S.R.B., K.G.M.) and Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (J.M.M., S.F.), Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., K.T.O.), School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Fenwick MA, Mora JM, Mansour YT, Baithun C, Franks S, Hardy K. Investigations of TGF-β signaling in preantral follicles of female mice reveal differential roles for bone morphogenetic protein 15. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3423-36. [PMID: 23782946 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are 2 closely related TGF-β ligands implicated as key regulators of follicle development and fertility. Animals harboring mutations of these factors often exhibit a blockage in follicle development beyond the primary stage and therefore little is known about the role of these ligands during subsequent (preantral) stages. Preantral follicles isolated from immature mice were cultured with combinations of BMP15, GDF9, and activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Individually, GDF9 and BMP15 promoted follicle growth during the first 24 hours, whereas BMP15 subsequently (48-72 h) caused follicle shrinkage and atresia with increased granulosa cell apoptosis. Inhibition of ALK6 prevented the BMP15-induced reduction in follicle size and under basal conditions promoted a rapid increase in granulosa cell proliferation, suggesting BMP15 signals through ALK6, which in turn acts to restrain follicle growth. In the presence of GDF9, BMP15 no longer promoted atresia and in fact follicle growth was increased significantly more than with either ligand alone. This cooperative effect was accompanied by differential expression of Id1-3, Smad6-7, and Has2 and was blocked by the same ALK5 inhibitor used to block GDF9 signaling. Immunostaining for SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8, representing the 2 main branches of TGF-β signaling, supported the fact that both canonical pathways have the potential to be active in growing follicles, whereas primordial follicles only express SMAD2/3. Overall results highlight differential effects of the 2 main TGF-β signaling pathways during preantral follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fenwick
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Mora JM, Fenwick MA, Castle L, Baithun M, Ryder TA, Mobberley M, Carzaniga R, Franks S, Hardy K. Characterization and Significance of Adhesion and Junction-Related Proteins in Mouse Ovarian Follicles1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:153, 1-14. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Fenwick MA, Mora JM, Franks S, Hardy K. Expression and Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Antagonists in Mouse Preantral Follicles. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Da Silva-Buttkus P, Jayasooriya GS, Mora JM, Mobberley M, Ryder TA, Baithun M, Stark J, Franks S, Hardy K. Effect of cell shape and packing density on granulosa cell proliferation and formation of multiple layers during early follicle development in the ovary. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3890-900. [PMID: 19001500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.036400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mouse ovary is rich in quiescent and early-growing oocytes, each one surrounded by a layer of somatic granulosa cells (GCs) on a basal lamina. As oocytes start to grow the GCs change shape from flattened to cuboidal, increase their proliferation and form multiple layers, providing a unique model for studying the relationship between cell shape, proliferation and multilayering within the context of two different intercommunicating cell types: somatic and germ cells. Proliferation of GCs was quantified using immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and demonstrated that, unusually, cuboidal cells divided more than flat cells. As a second layer of GCs started to appear, cells on the basal lamina reached maximum packing density and the axes of their mitoses became perpendicular to the basal lamina, resulting in cells dividing inwards to form second and subsequent layers. Proliferation of basal GCs was less than that of inner cells. Ultrastructurally, collagen fibrils outside the basal lamina became more numerous as follicles developed. We propose that the basement membrane and/or theca cells that surround the follicle provide an important confinement for rapidly dividing columnar cells so that they attain maximum packing density, which restricts lateral mitosis and promotes inwardly oriented cell divisions and subsequent multilayering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
The absolute requirement for reproduction implies that the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, controlling fertility, is an evolutionary robust mechanism. The GnRH neurons of the hypothalamus represent the key cell type within the body dictating fertility. However, the level of functional redundancy within the GnRH neuron population is unknown. As a result of a fortuitous transgene insertion event, GNR23 mice exhibit a marked allele-dependent reduction in GnRH neuron number within their brain. Wild-type mice have approximately 600 GnRH neurons, compared with approximately 200 (34%) and approximately 70 (12%) in GNR23(+/-) and GNR23(-/-) mice, respectively. Using these mice, we examined the minimal GnRH neuron requirements for fertility. Male GNR23(-/-) mice exhibited normal fertility. In contrast, female GNR23(-/-) mice were markedly subfertile, failing to produce normal litters, have estrous cycles, or ovulate. The failure of ovulation resulted from an inability of the few existing GnRH neurons to generate the LH surge. This was not the case, however, for the first cycle at puberty that appeared normal. Together, these observations demonstrate that 12% of the GnRH neuron population is sufficient for pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and puberty onset, whereas between 12 and 34% are required for cyclical control in adult female mice. This indicates that substantial redundancy exists within the GnRH neuronal population and suggests that the great majority of GnRH neurons must be dysfunctional before fertility is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Mora JM, Olmedo R, Curiel E, Muñoz J, Herrera M, Séller G. [MARS (Molecular Absorbent Recirculating System) as hepatic extracorporeal care in serious acute liver failure of alcoholic etiology]. Med Intensiva 2007; 30:402-6. [PMID: 17129540 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5691(06)74556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure with criteria of seriousness and alcoholic etiology is a picture of worldwide distribution, with an elevated mortality, of approximately 50%, that requires admission to the ICU. Acute serious alcoholic hepatitis is defined by a Maddrey score value > 32 and/or spontaneous encephalopathy. Together with the classical treatment with corticosteroids and nutritional supplements, alcoholic abstinence and others such as anti-TNF therapy, we introduce MARS (Molecular Adsorbent recirculating System) as a extracorporeal liver assistance system with detoxification function, that is presented as a support measure that makes it possible to maintain the patient in good conditions until an organ becomes available or until the functional recovery of the native liver. In our case, MARS has shown some spectacular results and above all, results maintained over time, associated to the rest of the therapeutic measures characteristic of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mora
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, España
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate evidence for cell death by apoptosis in small unilaminar ovarian follicles of adult humans. METHODS Cortical biopsies from 13 healthy donors were either frozen and protein extracted for western blots or fixed for immunohistochemistry (IH) to localize procaspase-3 and active-caspase-3, to detect DNA fragmentation in situ and undertake routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Blots identified the presence of the inactive pro-form of caspase-3, and IH localized this in all follicles studied. In contrast, the active form of caspase-3, a major effector of apoptosis, was only detected in large antral follicles that also had microscopic signs of atresia. Active caspase-3 was not detected in primordial (n = 87), primary (n = 8) or secondary follicles. The atretic follicles were also the only ovarian structures with positive evidence of DNA fragmentation after terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) treatment. Confocal microscopy showed dual labelling for both active caspase-3 and TUNEL in individual granulosa cells in large atretic follicles, but no such labelling was evident in any other follicles. No apoptotic bodies were seen by TEM in sections of 39 small follicles from seven patients. CONCLUSION This study found evidence for TUNEL and active caspase-3 only in human ovarian antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hurst
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Willis DA, Mora JM. EXTERNAL DUODENAL FISTULA. Ann Surg 1933; 98:239-41. [PMID: 17867022 PMCID: PMC1389951 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-193308000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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