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Kalla R, Adams AT, Nowak JK, Bergemalm D, Vatn S, Ventham NT, Kennedy NA, Ricanek P, Lindstrom J, Söderholm J, Pierik M, D’Amato M, Gomollón F, Olbjørn C, Richmond R, Relton C, Jahnsen J, Vatn MH, Halfvarson J, Satsangi J. Analysis of Systemic Epigenetic Alterations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Defining Geographical, Genetic and Immune-Inflammatory influences on the Circulating Methylome. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:170-184. [PMID: 36029471 PMCID: PMC10024547 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations may provide valuable insights into gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS Genome-wide methylation was measured from peripheral blood using the Illumina 450k platform in a case-control study in an inception cohort (295 controls, 154 Crohn's disease [CD], 161 ulcerative colitis [UC], 28 IBD unclassified [IBD-U)] with covariates of age, sex and cell counts, deconvoluted by the Houseman method. Genotyping was performed using Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome-8 BeadChips and gene expression using the Ion AmpliSeq Human Gene Expression Core Panel. Treatment escalation was characterized by the need for biological agents or surgery after initial disease remission. RESULTS A total of 137 differentially methylated positions [DMPs] were identified in IBD, including VMP1/MIR21 [p = 9.11 × 10-15] and RPS6KA2 [6.43 × 10-13], with consistency seen across Scandinavia and the UK. Dysregulated loci demonstrate strong genetic influence, notably VMP1 [p = 1.53 × 10-15]. Age acceleration is seen in IBD [coefficient 0.94, p < 2.2 × 10-16]. Several immuno-active genes demonstrated highly significant correlations between methylation and gene expression in IBD, in particular OSM: IBD r = -0.32, p = 3.64 × 10-7 vs non-IBD r = -0.14, p = 0.77]. Multi-omic integration of the methylome, genome and transcriptome also implicated specific pathways that associate with immune activation, response and regulation at disease inception. At follow-up, a signature of three DMPs [TAP1, TESPA1, RPTOR] were associated with treatment escalation to biological agents or surgery (hazard ratio of 5.19 [CI: 2.14-12.56], logrank p = 9.70 × 10-4). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate consistent epigenetic alterations at diagnosis in European patients with IBD, providing insights into the pathogenetic importance and translational potential of epigenetic mapping in complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kalla
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex T Adams
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan K Nowak
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Bergemalm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Simen Vatn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Nicholas T Ventham
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Exeter IBD and Pharmacogenetics group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Petr Ricanek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Lindstrom
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Söderholm
- Department of Surgery and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- CIC bioGUNE – BRTA, Derio, SpainIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Christine Olbjørn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten H Vatn
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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2
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Moraes Holst L, Halfvarson J, Carlson M, Hedin C, Kruse R, Lindqvist CM, Bergemalm D, Almér S, Bresso F, Ling Lundström M, Repsilber D, D’Amato M, Keita Å, Hjortswang H, Söderholm J, Sundin J, Törnblom H, Simrén M, Strid H, Magnusson MK, Öhman L. Downregulated Mucosal Autophagy, Alpha Kinase-1 and IL-17 Signaling Pathways in Active and Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2022; 15:129-144. [PMID: 35928254 PMCID: PMC9343467 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s368040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved mucosal immune profiling in active and quiescent colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is needed to develop therapeutic options for treating and preventing flares. This study therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive mucosal characterization with emphasis on immunological host response of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC active), UC during remission (UC remission) and active colonic Crohn’s disease (CD active). Methods Colonic biopsies from 47 study subjects were collected for gene expression and pathway analyses using the NanoString host-response panel, including 776 genes and 56 immune-related pathways. Results The majority of mucosal gene expression and signaling pathway scores were increased in active IBD (n=27) compared to healthy subjects (n=10). However, both active IBD and UC remission (n=10) demonstrated decreased gene expression and signaling pathway scores related to autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways compared to healthy subjects. Further, UC remission was characterized by decreased scores of several signaling pathways linked to homeostasis along with increased mononuclear cell migration pathway score as compared to healthy subjects. No major differences in the colonic mucosal gene expression between CD active (n=7) and UC (n=20) active were observed. Conclusion This study indicates that autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways are persistently downregulated in UC irrespective of disease activity. Further, UC patients in remission present a unique mucosal environment, potentially preventing patients from reaching and sustaining true homeostasis. These findings may enable better comprehension of the remitting and relapsing pattern of colonic IBD and guide future treatment and prevention of flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moraes Holst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Hedin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Carl Mårten Lindqvist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bergemalm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sven Almér
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Karolinska University Hospital, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dirk Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
| | - Åsa Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hans Strid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: Lena Öhman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Tel +46703616499, Email
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Söderholm J, Socada L, Rosenström T, Ekelund J, Isometsä E. Bipolar disorder correlated to shorter remission latency and borderline personality disorder symptom severity to longer in depression – a prospective cohort study of major depressive patients. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563991 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Major depressive episodes (MDE) occur in major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD), and are frequently complicated by borderline personality disorder (BPD). Mixed affective symptomatology is a hallmark of BD, and affective lability of BPD; both may markedly influence illness course. However, direct comparisons of outcome of depression in MDD, BD and BPD are scarce.
Objectives
To investigate course of illness and outcome of depression in MDD, bipolar and borderline patients.
Methods
In this six-month, prospective cohort study of secondary-level psychiatric MDE patients (n = 95), after initial assessment, the patients (N = 95) completed biweekly online assessments of mood symptoms. We divided the follow up period into qualitatively different mood state periods based on multiple prospective information sources. We examined mixed affective symptoms and borderline symptom severity dimensionally. Outcomes assessed included clinical course, time to first full symptomatic remission, and factors predicting these.
Results
Remission rates according to DSM-5 were similar in MDD, MDE/BD and MDE/BPD patients. Bipolar patients experienced more shorter qualitatively distinct mood state periods during follow-up than the others. Bipolar disorder was associated with shorter (HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.27–4.67, see fig. 1) and dimensionally assessed BPD severity with longer time to first remission (HR = 0.95 per point., CI = 0.91–1.00).
Conclusions
Course of illness differs between the three depressive groups in the medium term. Bipolar depressive patients have the most alternating course and the shortest time to first remission. Dimensionally assessed severity of BPD may be prognostic of longer depressive remission latency.
Disclosure
I am employed by a psychiatric treatment provider, treating e.g. patients suffering from depression, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder.
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Kokkinou E, Pandey RV, Mazzurana L, Gutierrez-Perez I, Tibbitt CA, Weigel W, Soini T, Carrasco A, Rao A, Nagasawa M, Bal SM, Jangard M, Friberg D, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Ljunggren M, Haapaniemi S, Keita ÅV, Söderholm J, Hedin C, Spits H, Bryceson YT, Mjösberg J. CD45RA +CD62L - ILCs in human tissues represent a quiescent local reservoir for the generation of differentiated ILCs. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj8301. [PMID: 35427178 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj8301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are highly plastic and predominantly mucosal tissue-resident cells that contribute to both homeostasis and inflammation depending on the microenvironment. The discovery of naïve-like ILCs suggests an ILC differentiation process that is akin to naïve T cell differentiation. Delineating the mechanisms that underlie ILC differentiation in tissues is crucial for understanding ILC biology in health and disease. Here, we showed that tonsillar ILCs expressing CD45RA lacked proliferative activity, indicative of cellular quiescence. CD62L distinguished two subsets of CD45RA+ ILCs. CD45RA+CD62L+ ILCs (CD62L+ ILCs) resembled circulating naïve ILCs because they lacked the transcriptional, metabolic, epigenetic, and cytokine production signatures of differentiated ILCs. CD45RA+CD62L- ILCs (CD62L- ILCs) were epigenetically similar to CD62L+ ILCs but showed a transcriptional, metabolic, and cytokine production signature that was more akin to differentiated ILCs. CD62L+ and CD62L- ILCs contained uni- and multipotent precursors of ILC1s/NK cells and ILC3s. Differentiation of CD62L+ and CD62L- ILCs led to metabolic reprogramming including up-regulation of genes associated with glycolysis, which was needed for their effector functions after differentiation. CD62L- ILCs with preferential differentiation capacity toward IL-22-producing ILC3s accumulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. These data suggested distinct differentiation potential of CD62L+ and CD62L- ILCs between tissue microenvironments and identified that manipulation of these cells is a possible approach to restore tissue-immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mazzurana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Gutierrez-Perez
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Andrew Tibbitt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mattias Jangard
- ENT Unit, Sophiahemmet University Research Laboratory and Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ljunggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Haapaniemi
- Department of Surgery, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Söderholm
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Hedin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Kalla R, Adams AT, Bergemalm D, Vatn S, Kennedy NA, Ricanek P, Lindstrom J, Ocklind A, Hjelm F, Ventham NT, Ho GT, Petren C, Repsilber D, Söderholm J, Pierik M, D’Amato M, Gomollón F, Olbjorn C, Jahnsen J, Vatn MH, Halfvarson J, Satsangi J. Serum proteomic profiling at diagnosis predicts clinical course, and need for intensification of treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:699-708. [PMID: 33201212 PMCID: PMC8095384 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Success in personalized medicine in complex disease is critically dependent on biomarker discovery. We profiled serum proteins using a novel proximity extension assay [PEA] to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study in an inception cohort of 552 patients [328 IBD, 224 non-IBD], profiling proteins recruited across six centres. Treatment escalation was characterized by the need for biological agents or surgery after initial disease remission. Nested leave-one-out cross-validation was used to examine the performance of diagnostic and prognostic proteins. RESULTS A total of 66 serum proteins differentiated IBD from symptomatic non-IBD controls, including matrix metallopeptidase-12 [MMP-12; Holm-adjusted p = 4.1 × 10-23] and oncostatin-M [OSM; p = 3.7 × 10-16]. Nine of these proteins are associated with cis-germline variation [59 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms]. Fifteen proteins, all members of tumour necrosis factor-independent pathways including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and OSM, predicted escalation, over a median follow-up of 518 [interquartile range 224-756] days. Nested cross-validation of the entire data set allowed characterization of five-protein models [96% comprising five core proteins ITGAV, EpCAM, IL18, SLAMF7 and IL8], which define a high-risk subgroup in IBD [hazard ratio 3.90, confidence interval: 2.43-6.26], or allowed distinct two- and three-protein models for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease respectively. CONCLUSION We have characterized a simple oligo-protein panel that has the potential to identify IBD from symptomatic controls and to predict future disease course. Further prospective work is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kalla
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - A T Adams
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D Bergemalm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S Vatn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - N A Kennedy
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Exeter IBD and Pharmacogenetics group, University of Exeter, UK
| | - P Ricanek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Lindstrom
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - F Hjelm
- Olink Proteomics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N T Ventham
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - G T Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Petren
- Olink Proteomics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Söderholm
- Department of Surgery and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - M D’Amato
- BioCruces Health Research Institute and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Gomollón
- HCU ‘Lozano Blesa’, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Olbjorn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M H Vatn
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Satsangi
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Schoultz I, McKay CM, Graepel R, Phan VC, Wang A, Söderholm J, McKay DM. Indomethacin-induced translocation of bacteria across enteric epithelia is reactive oxygen species-dependent and reduced by vitamin C. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G536-45. [PMID: 22700821 PMCID: PMC3468559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00125.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The enteric epithelium must absorb nutrients and water and act as a barrier to the entry of luminal material into the body; this barrier function is a key component of innate immunity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy occurs via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and perturbed epithelial mitochondrial activity. Here, the direct effect of NSAIDs [indomethacin, piroxicam (cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitors), and SC-560 (a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor)] on the barrier function of human T84 epithelial cell line monolayers was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and internalization and translocation of a commensal Escherichia coli. Exposure to E. coli in the presence and absence of drugs for 16 h reduced TER; however, monolayers cotreated with E. coli and indomethacin, but not piroxicam or SC-560, displayed significant increases in internalization and translocation of the bacteria. This was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was also increased in epithelia treated with E. coli only. Colocalization revealed upregulation of superoxide synthesis by mitochondria in epithelia treated with E. coli + indomethacin. Addition of antioxidants (vitamin C or a green tea polyphenol, epigallocathechin gallate) quenched the ROS and prevented the increase in E. coli internalization and translocation evoked by indomethacin, but not the drop in TER. Evidence of increased apoptosis was not observed in this model. The data implicate epithelial-derived ROS in indomethacin-induced barrier dysfunction and show that a portion of the bacteria likely cross the epithelium via a transcellular pathway. We speculate that addition of antioxidants as dietary supplements to NSAID treatment regimens would reduce the magnitude of decreased barrier function, specifically the transepithelial passage of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Schoultz
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Catherine M. McKay
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Rabea Graepel
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Van C. Phan
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Arthur Wang
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Johan Söderholm
- 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Derek M. McKay
- 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
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7
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Lindh M, Lagging M, Arnholm B, Eilard A, Nilsson S, Norkrans G, Söderholm J, Wahlberg T, Wejstål R, Westin J, Hellstrand K. IL28B polymorphisms determine early viral kinetics and treatment outcome in patients receiving peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e325-31. [PMID: 21692944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream of IL28B predict the outcome of treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but their impact on viral kinetics and relation to other predictors are not well known. Here, two SNPs, rs12979860 and rs8099917, were analysed and related to early viral kinetics during treatment in 110 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. The reduction of HCV RNA after 7 days of therapy was more pronounced (P < 0.0001) in patients with CC(rs12979860) or TT(rs8099917) than in patients carrying TT(rs12979860) or GG(rs8099917), respectively. The two SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (d' = 1, r2 = 0.44), but CC(rs12979860) was less common (43% vs. 71%) than TT(rs8099917). Patients carrying both CC(rs12979860) and TT(rs8099917) genotypes achieved lower levels of HCV RNA at week 4 than those with CT or TT at rs12979860 and TT(rs8099917) (P = 0.0004). The viral elimination was significantly influenced by rs12979860 independently of baseline viral load, age or fibrosis. This translated into high rates of sustained viral response (SVR) among patients carrying CC(rs12979860) despite the presence of high viral load at baseline (SVR 74%), high age (SVR 79%) or severe liver fibrosis (SVR 83%). We conclude that the IL28B variability influences the antiviral efficiency of interferon/ribavirin therapy and has a strong impact on SVR, independently of traditional response predictors. A combined assessment of these SNPs in conjunction with other response predictors may better predict outcome in difficult-to-treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Van Assche G, Dignass A, Reinisch W, van der Woude CJ, Sturm A, De Vos M, Guslandi M, Oldenburg B, Dotan I, Marteau P, Ardizzone A, Baumgart DC, D'Haens G, Gionchetti P, Portela F, Vucelic B, Söderholm J, Escher J, Koletzko S, Kolho KL, Lukas M, Mottet C, Tilg H, Vermeire S, Carbonnel F, Cole A, Novacek G, Reinshagen M, Tsianos E, Herrlinger K, Oldenburg B, Bouhnik Y, Kiesslich R, Stange E, Travis S, Lindsay J. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Special situations. J Crohns Colitis 2010. [PMID: 21122490 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.09.009]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Assche
- Division of Gastroenterology, Leuven University Hospitals, 49 Herestraat, BE 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Klimov AB, Björk G, Söderholm J, Madsen LS, Lassen M, Andersen UL, Heersink J, Dong R, Marquardt C, Leuchs G, Sánchez-Soto LL. Assessing the polarization of a quantum field from stokes fluctuations. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:153602. [PMID: 21230901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose an operational degree of polarization in terms of the variance of the Stokes vector minimized over all the directions of the Poincaré sphere. We examine the properties of this second-order definition and carry out its experimental determination. Quantum states with the same standard (first-order) degree of polarization are correctly discriminated by this new measure. We argue that a comprehensive quantum characterization of polarization properties requires a whole hierarchy of higher-order degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Klimov
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44420 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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10
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Abstract
The skin is potentially an excellent organ for vaccine delivery because of accessibility and the presence of immune cells. However, no simple and inexpensive cutaneous vaccination method is available. Micron-scale needles coated with DNA were tested as a simple, inexpensive device for skin delivery. Vaccination with a plasmid encoding hepatitis C virus nonstructural 3/4A protein using microneedles effectively primed specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Importantly, the minimally invasive microneedles were as efficient in priming CTLs as more complicated or invasive delivery techniques, such as gene gun and hypodermic needles. Thus, microneedles may offer a promising technology for DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Gill
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Dignass A, Van Assche G, Lindsay JO, Lémann M, Söderholm J, Colombel JF, Danese S, D'Hoore A, Gassull M, Gomollón F, Hommes DW, Michetti P, O'Morain C, Oresland T, Windsor A, Stange EF, Travis SPL. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management. J Crohns Colitis 2010. [PMID: 21122489 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Markus-Krankenhaus, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, D-60431 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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12
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Van Assche G, Dignass A, Reinisch W, van der Woude CJ, Sturm A, De Vos M, Guslandi M, Oldenburg B, Dotan I, Marteau P, Ardizzone A, Baumgart DC, D'Haens G, Gionchetti P, Portela F, Vucelic B, Söderholm J, Escher J, Koletzko S, Kolho KL, Lukas M, Mottet C, Tilg H, Vermeire S, Carbonnel F, Cole A, Novacek G, Reinshagen M, Tsianos E, Herrlinger K, Oldenburg B, Bouhnik Y, Kiesslich R, Stange E, Travis S, Lindsay J. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Special situations. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4:63-101. [PMID: 21122490 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Assche
- Division of Gastroenterology, Leuven University Hospitals, 49 Herestraat, BE 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Dignass A, Van Assche G, Lindsay JO, Lémann M, Söderholm J, Colombel JF, Danese S, D'Hoore A, Gassull M, Gomollón F, Hommes DW, Michetti P, O'Morain C, Oresland T, Windsor A, Stange EF, Travis SPL. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4:28-62. [PMID: 21122489 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 997] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Markus-Krankenhaus, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, D-60431 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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14
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Dignass A, Van Assche G, Lindsay JO, Lémann M, Söderholm J, Colombel JF, Danese S, D'Hoore A, Gassull M, Gomollón F, Hommes DW, Michetti P, O'Morain C, Oresland T, Windsor A, Stange EF, Travis SPL. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management. J Crohns Colitis 2010. [PMID: 21122489 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Markus-Krankenhaus, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, D-60431 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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15
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Söderholm J, Ahlén G, Kaul A, Frelin L, Alheim M, Barnfield C, Liljeström P, Weiland O, Milich DR, Bartenschlager R, Sällberg M. Relation between viral fitness and immune escape within the hepatitis C virus protease. Gut 2006; 55:266-74. [PMID: 16105887 PMCID: PMC1856491 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.072231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis C virus (HCV) mutates within human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I restricted immunodominant epitopes of the non-structural (NS) 3/4A protease to escape cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition and promote viral persistence. However, variability is not unlimited, and sometimes almost absent, and factors that restrict viral variability have not been defined experimentally. AIMS We wished to explore whether the variability of the immunodominant CTL epitope at residues 1073-1081 of the NS3 protease was limited by viral fitness. PATIENTS Venous blood was obtained from six patients (four HLA-A2+) with chronic HCV infection and from one HLA-A2+ patient with acute HCV infection. METHODS NS3/4A genes were amplified from serum, cloned in a eukaryotic expression plasmid, sequenced, and expressed. CTL recognition of naturally occurring and artificially introduced escape mutations in HLA-A2-restricted NS3 epitopes were determined using CTLs from human blood and genetically immunised HLA-A2-transgenic mice. HCV replicons were used to test the effect of escape mutations on HCV protease activity and RNA replication. RESULTS Sequence analysis of NS3/4A confirmed low genetic variability. The major viral species had functional proteases with 1073-1081 epitopes that were generally recognised by cross reactive human and murine HLA-A2 restricted CTLs. Introduction of mutations at five positions of the 1073-1081 epitope prevented CTL recognition but three of these reduced protease activity and RNA replication. CONCLUSIONS Viral fitness can indeed limit the variability of HCV within immunological epitopes. This helps to explain why certain immunological escape variants never appear as a major viral species in infected humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Söderholm
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Frelin L, Alheim M, Chen A, Söderholm J, Rozell B, Barnfield C, Liljeström P, Sällberg M. Low dose and gene gun immunization with a hepatitis C virus nonstructural (NS) 3 DNA-based vaccine containing NS4A inhibit NS3/4A-expressing tumors in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:686-99. [PMID: 12692597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease and helicase encompasses the nonstructural (NS) 3 protein and the cofactor NS4A, which targets the NS3/4A-complex to intracellular membranes. We here evaluate the importance of NS4A in NS3-based genetic immunogens. A full-length genotype 1 NS3/4A gene was cloned into a eucaryotic expression vector in the form of NS3/4A and NS3 alone. Transient transfections revealed that the inclusion of NS4A increased the expression levels of NS3. Subsequently, immunization with the NS3/4A gene primed 10- to 100-fold higher levels of NS3-specific antibodies as compared to immunization with the NS3 gene. Humoral responses primed by the NS3/4A gene had a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio (>20) as compared to the NS3 gene (3.0), suggesting a T helper 1-skewed response. Low dose i.m. (10 microg) immunization with the NS3/4A gene inhibited the growth of NS3/4A-expressing tumor cells in vivo, whereas the NS3 gene alone or NS3 protein did not. We then evaluated the efficiency of the NS3/4A gene administered by the gene gun, at the same doses used for humans, in priming cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Three to four 4 microg doses of the NS3/4A gene primed CTL at a precursor frequency of 2-4%, which inhibited the growth of NS3/4A-expressing tumor cells in vivo. Thus, NS4A enhances the expression levels and immunogenicity of NS3, and an NS3/4A gene delivered transdermally could be a therapeutic vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frelin
- Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Trifonov A, Björk G, Söderholm J. Simultaneous minimum-uncertainty measurement of discrete-valued complementary observables. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4423-4426. [PMID: 11384250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have made the first experimental demonstration of the simultaneous minimum uncertainty product between two complementary observables for a two-state system (a qubit). A partially entangled two-photon state, where each of the photons carries (partial) information of the initial state, was used to perform such a measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trifonov
- Department of Electronics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Electrum 229, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden.
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19
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Björk G, Sánchez-Soto LL, Söderholm J. Entangled-state lithography: tailoring any pattern with a single state. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4516-4519. [PMID: 11384272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a systematic approach to Heisenberg-limited lithographic image formation using four-mode reciprocal binomial states. By controlling the exposure pattern with a simple bank of birefringent plates, any pixel pattern on a (N+1) x (N+1) grid, occupying a square with the side half a wavelength long, can be generated from a 2N-photon state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Björk
- Departamento de Optica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Yang H, Söderholm J, Larsson J, Permert J, Olaison G, Lindgren J, Wirén M. Glutamine effects on permeability and ATP content of jejunal mucosa in starved rats. Clin Nutr 1999; 18:301-6. [PMID: 10601538 DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Starvation induces an increase in intestinal permeability that can be of importance to intestinal integrity. Glutamine is the principal energy source for intestinal enterocytes and is considered essential for gut metabolism, structure and function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether glutamine could improve the ATP content of the mucosa of starved rats and attenuate the permeability perturbation during incubation in vitro in Ussing chamber. METHODS Segments of jejunum from rats starved for 48 h were mounted in Ussing chambers. Glutamine was added to Krebs-buffer at 0.6mM, 3mM, 6mM and 30mM concentrations on the mucosal side. Cr-EDTA permeation, ATP content of the epithelium mucosa and electrophysiology were studied during 180 min of incubation in Ussing chambers. RESULT These was a negative linear correlation between ATP content and(51)Cr-EDTA permeability in stripped mucosa. ATP content was reduced in all groups during the experiment. When 30 mM glutamine was added on the mucosal side there was an increase in(51)Cr-EDTA permeability (P< 0.001). There was no effect of glutamine on transepithelial resistance but higher concentrations of glutamine (>3mM) significantly increased the short circuit current. CONCLUSION Supplementing glutamine to the mucosal side in the Ussing chamber led to an increase in ion pump activity and to an increase in paracellular permeability at the 30mM glutamine concentration. Glutamine did not restore the intracellular ATP level. The increase in permeability was inversely correlated to the mucosal ATP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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21
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Yang H, Wirén M, Permert J, Söderholm J, Braaf Y, Larsson J. Early response of ornithine decarboxylase activity and energy metabolism to postsurgery refeeding in rat small intestine. Clin Nutr 1999; 18:41-5. [PMID: 10459084 DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(99)80048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterocyte proliferation and cellular energy status are important to intestinal integrity after starvation and trauma. The proliferative response to nutrients is expressed in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), but ODC activity and ATP level in the intestinal mucosa the first hours after surgery and immediate refeeding are not known. METHODS Male Wistar rats (240-280 g) were starved for 48 h and submitted to laparotomy with distal ileal transection, gastrostomy and jejunal instillation of either enteral formula or saline. The ODC activity and ATP content of the jejunal mucosa were analysed in samples taken at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after surgery. RESULTS ODC activity increased and reached the highest peak at 2 h in the refed animals. ATP concentration and energy charge of jejunal mucosa were significantly reduced 6 h after surgery compared to initial levels, but there were no differences between animals that were refed or not. Intestinal transection did not stimulate ODC activity. CONCLUSION ATP levels in intestinal mucosa decreased after surgery, and early enteral feeding did not seem to prevent this decrease during the first 6 h. Refeeding immediately after surgery elicits an early but transient increase of ODC activity in rat jejunal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Pettersson K, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Turpeinen U, Suonpää M, Söderholm J, Larsen SO, Nørgaard-Pedersen B. Simultaneous assay of alpha-fetoprotein and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by dual-label time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Clin Chem 1993; 39:2084-9. [PMID: 7691439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a simple, rapid two-step dual-label assay for the noncompetitive determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG beta) in serum. Monoclonal antibodies to detect AFP and hCG beta were labeled with europium (Eu) and samarium (Sm), respectively. Highly fluorescent chelates were developed by using the Delfia enhancement principle. The detection limits for AFP and hCG beta were approximately 0.02 kIU/L and approximately 0.2 IU/L, respectively. The within-run precision was < 5% over the whole range of AFP (1-500 kIU/L) and hCG beta (1-200 IU/L) concentrations tested. Cross-reaction of intact hCG was < 0.03%. The AFP concentrations determined with the dual-label assay correlated well with those obtained by Delfia AFP single-label kit. The concentrations of hCG beta were in good agreement with recently published data. Storing the serum samples for 24 h or 1 week at room temperature increased the hCG beta concentration by 4% and 26%, respectively. At 35 degrees C this dissociation of hCG increased 30-40-fold. Repeated freezing and thawing had no effect on the hCG beta concentration.
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Pettersson K, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Turpeinen U, Suonpää M, Söderholm J, Larsen SO, Nørgaard-Pedersen B. Simultaneous assay of alpha-fetoprotein and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by dual-label time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Clin Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.10.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We developed a simple, rapid two-step dual-label assay for the noncompetitive determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG beta) in serum. Monoclonal antibodies to detect AFP and hCG beta were labeled with europium (Eu) and samarium (Sm), respectively. Highly fluorescent chelates were developed by using the Delfia enhancement principle. The detection limits for AFP and hCG beta were approximately 0.02 kIU/L and approximately 0.2 IU/L, respectively. The within-run precision was < 5% over the whole range of AFP (1-500 kIU/L) and hCG beta (1-200 IU/L) concentrations tested. Cross-reaction of intact hCG was < 0.03%. The AFP concentrations determined with the dual-label assay correlated well with those obtained by Delfia AFP single-label kit. The concentrations of hCG beta were in good agreement with recently published data. Storing the serum samples for 24 h or 1 week at room temperature increased the hCG beta concentration by 4% and 26%, respectively. At 35 degrees C this dissociation of hCG increased 30-40-fold. Repeated freezing and thawing had no effect on the hCG beta concentration.
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Abstract
Intestinal absorption of orally administered polyethylene glycols with molecular weights of 634-1250 was investigated in 55 patients with Crohn's disease and in 20 healthy controls and was related to smoking habits at the time of testing. In the Crohn patients the polyethylene glycol absorption was also related to smoking habits at the time of diagnosis. Absorption of polyethylene glycols was impaired in Crohn patients compared with controls, but within both groups no difference was found among smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers (p > 0.05). Among the Crohn patients, those who smoked at the time of diagnosis had less impaired absorption (p < 0.02) of the smaller polyethylene glycols (634-942 Da) than those who did not. These data do not support the concept of altered intestinal permeability as the mechanism by which smoking influences Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Söderholm
- Dept of Medico-Surgical Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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25
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Johansson R, Vanharanta R, Söderholm J. Estrogen receptors in mammary cancer: correlation with age, menopausal status, and response to therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1984; 107:221-4. [PMID: 6736110 DOI: 10.1007/bf01032611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of estrogen receptor protein (ER) in 113 primary or metastatic breast cancers was studied. ER was found to be correlated with the age of the patient. The ER values were generally lower in premenopausal patients (5.6 fmol/mg cytosol protein) than in postmenopausal patients (32.8 fmol/mg cytosol protein). The ER values of perimenopausal patients (0-5 years since the last menstrual period) were heterogeneous but generally closer to those of the premenopausal patients. Use of the ER determination for allocation of the patients either to hormonal (tamoxifen or nandrolonedecanoate) or to cytostatic (adriamycin-cyclophosphamide or Cooper's regimen) therapy was shown to result in highly satisfactory clinical response rates (including complete and partial remissions and stabilized disease) of 68% and 67%, respectively. The practical limit of ER concentration for selection is between 3 and 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein in breast cancer.
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Pettersson K, Vanharanta R, Söderholm J, Punnonen R, Lövgren T. Increase in the estrogen binding capacity of breast cancer cytosols following limited proteolysis with trypsin. J Steroid Biochem 1982; 16:369-72. [PMID: 7087465 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(82)90047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
When small amounts of trypsin were added to prelabelled estrogen receptors in 24 human breast cancer cytosols there was a substantial increase in the binding capacity [79 +/- 11 (SE)%]. At the same time the affinity of the hormone receptor interaction was maintained at a very high level or even increased. This finding is discussed in relation to previous results where a diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) inhibitable protease activity was shown to cause a similar augmentation of estrogen binding sites in human myometrial cytosols. Addition of sodiummolybdate at or immediately after homogenization led to a similar increase in estrogen binding sites. Because these two effects were not additive we propose that the limited trypsin treatment reactivates the binding sites previously inactivated through a mechanism which can be inhibited by sodiummolybdate.
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Timewell RM, Phillips I, Söderholm J, Nord CE. Isoelectric focusing of Bacteroides melaninogenicus group beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981; 19:700-4. [PMID: 6117248 PMCID: PMC181509 DOI: 10.1128/aac.19.5.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-Lactamases extracted by sonication from the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group organisms (B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, B. bivius, and B. oralis) were found to be in the form of complexes with molecular weights of greater than or equal to 40 x 10(6), and this resulted in failure to characterize them by isoelectric focusing. Purification by el filtration in the presence of deoxycholate resulted in beta-lactamase preparations from B. bivius with pI's of 5.7. A beta-lactamase preparation extracted by osmotic shock from B. bivius also had a pI of 5.7. Osmotic shock preparations from B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, and B. oralis had two bands of equal intensity with pI's of 4.2 and 4.35.
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Ekwall K, Söderholm J, Wadström T. Disc-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. A simple "laying-on" technique permitting the use of commercially available agarose. J Immunol Methods 1976; 12:103-15. [PMID: 993602 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(76)90100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A technique, disc-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, is described to provide a simple and convenient means of performing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in a discontinuous buffer system (disc electrophoresis) followed by electrophoresis into antibody-containing agarose gel. A simple washing of the polyacrylamide gel in distilled water combined with a "laying-on" method, seems to be a satisfactory and rapid way to obtain immunoprecipitation patterns of high quality using commercially available agarose in the second electrophoresis.
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Söderholm J. [Rehabilitation and handicapped's clubs in poland]. Sairaanhoitaja 1974; 50:23-4. [PMID: 4274996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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