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Souto EP, Gong P, Landua JD, Srinivasan RR, Ganesan A, Dobrolecki LE, Purdy SC, Ford HL, Lewis MT. Interferon-Induced Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 (BST2) Is A Functional Tumor-Initiating Cell Marker In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.15.557958. [PMID: 37745510 PMCID: PMC10515955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are a tumor cell subpopulation thought to be responsible for therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Using a S ignal T ransducer and A ctivator of T ranscription (STAT) reporter, and a STAT-responsive lineage tracing system, we enriched for cells with enhanced mammosphere-forming potential in some, but not all, triple-negative breast cancer xenograft models (TNBC) indicating TIC-related and TIC-independent functions for STAT signaling. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of reporter-tagged xenografts identified a common interferon-associated transcriptional state, previously linked to inflammation and macrophage differentiation, in TIC. Similar transcriptional states exist in human breast cancer patient scRNA-seq datasets. Flow cytometric sorting using bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), a marker of this state, enriched for TIC, and BST2 knockdown reduced mammosphere-forming potential. These results suggest TIC may exploit the interferon response pathway to promote their activity in TNBC. Our results lay the groundwork to target interferon-associated pathways in TIC in a subset of TNBC.
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Lei JT, Huang C, Srinivasan RR, Vasaikar S, Dobrolecki LE, Lewis AN, Zhao N, Cao J, Hilsenbeck SG, Osborne CK, Rimawi M, Ellis MJ, Petrosyan V, Saltzman AB, Malovannaya A, Landua JD, Wen B, Jain A, Wulf GM, Li S, Kraushaar DC, Wang T, Chen X, Echeverria GV, Anurag M, Zhang B, Lewis MT. Abstract P2-23-01: Patient-derived xenografts allow deconvolution of single agent and combination chemotherapy responses in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p2-23-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients frequently receive combination chemotherapy treatment, but a direct comparison of response to carboplatin, docetaxel, and their combination in 50 TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) showed that combination treatment was largely ineffective at generating enhanced responses over the best single agent. This suggests de-escalation of chemotherapy may be possible if molecular mechanisms and biomarkers underlying response to individual treatments can be identified. To this end, we performed multi-omics profiling for the 50 TNBC PDXs. Methods: Orthotopic TNBC PDXs were treated with four weekly cycles of docetaxel, carboplatin, or the combination. Changes in tumor volume after 4 weeks of treatment were assessed quantitatively and by modified RECIST criteria. Genomic, transcriptomic, and mass-spectrometry-based proteomic profiling were performed on baseline tumors prior to treatments to identify associations with chemotherapy response at the gene and pathway level. ProMS was used to integrate both RNA and protein data to select a 5 RNA feature combination for optimized prediction of carboplatin response in a logistic regression model. Publicly available neoadjuvant chemotherapy clinical datasets with transcriptomic data and response information used for validation/testing included TNBC samples from: GSE18864, I-SPY2 (GSE194040), and BrighTNess (GSE164458). Results: Proteogenomic profiles revealed distinct genes associated with response to each agent and their combination, respectively, suggesting distinct molecular mechanisms underlying response to each treatment. A substantial number of genes associated with single agent and combination treatment were validated in multiple independent patient cohorts receiving platinum and taxane containing neoadjuvant therapy, confirming clinical relevance of our PDX panel. For the same treatment, different types of molecular data identified distinct sets of associated genes, providing highly complementary information. At the pathway level, RNA and protein data converged to metabolic and E2F/G2M related pathways which were upregulated in PDXs resistant or responsive to all treatment types, respectively, while variable levels of MYC-related proliferation pathways were observed across all treatments suggesting pathways that are common across and unique to different treatments. Several individual genes found to be higher in PDXs with better response to either single-agent had discriminatory power in external clinical TNBC datasets treated with similar neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. In addition, a logistic regression-based carboplatin response prediction model trained to select a group of 5 RNA markers (TKT, MAGI2, ATF6B, MCM7, LRP6) using both RNA and protein data performed the best in predicting response to cisplatin in a clinical TNBC dataset vs predicting response to other datasets with taxane and platinum + taxane combination containing chemotherapy regimens, demonstrating specificity of the prediction model. These results suggest potential individual biomarkers or biomarker combinations to select TNBC tumors that may respond to either single agent carboplatin, docetaxel, or their combination. PDXs refractory to all treatment arms had higher levels of proteostasis-related pathways including proteasome degradation and the unfolded protein response (UPR) related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered levels of chromatin regulation. Subsequent pharmacological targeting of the UPR pathway and targeting HDACs enhanced chemotherapy response. Conclusion: Proteogenomic characterization identifies molecular mechanisms and putative biomarkers for stratifying TNBC tumors for single or combination chemotherapy treatments, suggests targeted therapies to augment chemotherapy response, and provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians.
Citation Format: Jonathan T. Lei, Chen Huang, Ramakrishnan R. Srinivasan, Suhas Vasaikar, Lacey E. Dobrolecki, Alaina N. Lewis, Na Zhao, Jin Cao, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, C. Kent Osborne, Mothaffar Rimawi, Matthew J. Ellis, Varduhi Petrosyan, Alexander B. Saltzman, Anna Malovannaya, John D. Landua, Bo Wen, Antrix Jain, Gerburg M. Wulf, Shunqiang Li, Daniel C. Kraushaar, Tao Wang, Xi Chen, Gloria V. Echeverria, Meenakshi Anurag, Bing Zhang, Michael T. Lewis. Patient-derived xenografts allow deconvolution of single agent and combination chemotherapy responses in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-23-01.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Wen
- 17Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Shunqiang Li
- 20Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | | | - Tao Wang
- 22Duncan Cancer Center-Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- 23Baylor College of Medicine
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3
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White BS, Woo X, Koc S, Sheridan T, Neuhauser SB, Savaliya AM, Dobrolecki LE, Landua JD, Bailey MH, Fujita M, Evans KW, Fang B, Fujimoto J, Raso MG, Wang S, Xiao G, Xie Y, Davies SR, Fields RC, Mashl RJ, Mudd JL, Chen Y, Xiao M, Xu X, Hollingshead MG, Jiwani S, Evrard YA, Wallace TA, Moscow JA, Doroshow JH, Mitsiades N, Kaochar S, Pan CX, Chen MS, Carvajal-Carmona LG, Welm AL, Welm BE, Lewis MT, Govindan R, Ding L, Li S, Herlyn M, Davies MA, Roth JA, Meric-Bernstam F, Bult CJ, Davis-Dusenbery B, Dean DA, Chuang JH. Abstract 1202: A repository of PDX histology images for exploring spatial heterogeneity and cancer dynamics. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate intratumoral spatial heterogeneity and simulate a tumor microenvironment in which human immune and stromal cells in the PDX are replaced over passages by murine cells partially lacking immune function. Histological imaging enables exploring the spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of cancer, stromal, and immune cell interactions as correlates of tumor stage and therapeutic response over passages. We created a repository of curated, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images as a community resource for addressing these questions.
Images were generated at five sites within the NCI’s PDX Development and Trial Centers Research Network (PDXNet) and the NCI Patient-Derived Models Repository. Over 900 images, including 739 from PDXs and 190 from paired patients, are hosted on the Seven Bridges Genomics Cancer Genomics Cloud. They represent 42 cancer subtypes, including breast cancer (n=134), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD; n=94), pancreatic cancer (n=87), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD; n=80), melanoma (n=71), and squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC; n=65). Paired human/PDX images are available for each of these cancers. Human and/or PDX images generated following patient treatment are available for 37 of the subtypes. Most images are from early passages (P0: 158; P1: 292; P2: 152; P3: 69; >P3: 55). Annotations include sex, age, race, ethnicity, and, for most images, pathological assessment of tissue-level percent cancer, stromal, and necrotic cell content (n=639) and tumor stage (n=650). RNA and exome sequencing data are available for 99 and 228 images, respectively, matched at the patient or sample level.
Quality control was performed using HistoQC. Cells were segmented and labeled as neoplastic, necrotic, immune, stromal, or other using Hover-Net and predictions of total neoplastic cell area correlated with whole-slide pathological assessment of cancer cell percentage (COAD: r=0.51; LUSC: r=0.59). HD-Staining, another classification approach, was applied to a subset of images and our clinical annotations will facilitate validation of this and related methods. Features of 512 x 512 pixel tiles were computed using the Inception V3 convolutional neural network pre-trained on ImageNet. Unsupervised clustering of these features demonstrate inter-patient heterogeneity within pathologist-annotated tumor regions. A classifier developed using pathologist-annotated cancer, stromal, and necrotic regions and trained on the features in LUSC images (n=10 images) achieved a cross-validation accuracy of 96% for cancer tiles across (n=5) LUAD images. Accuracy was lower for stromal classification (90%), likely reflecting current limitations of our small, but growing, labeled training set.
Our repository of clinically-annotated PDX H&E images should aid the community in studying spatial heterogeneity and in training deep learning-based image analysis methods.
Citation Format: Brian S. White, Xingyi Woo, Soner Koc, Todd Sheridan, Steven B. Neuhauser, Akshat M. Savaliya, Lacey E. Dobrolecki, John D. Landua, Matthew H. Bailey, Maihi Fujita, Kurt W. Evans, Bingliang Fang, Junya Fujimoto, Maria Gabriela Raso, Shidan Wang, Guanghua Xiao, Yang Xie, Sherri R. Davies, Ryan C. Fields, R Jay Mashl, Jacqueline L. Mudd, Yeqing Chen, Min Xiao, Xiaowei Xu, Melinda G. Hollingshead, Shahanawaz Jiwani, PDXNet Consortium, Yvonne A. Evrard, Tiffany A. Wallace, Jeffrey A. Moscow, James H. Doroshow, Nicholas Mitsiades, Salma Kaochar, Chong-xian Pan, Moon S. Chen, Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona, Alana L. Welm, Bryan E. Welm, Michael T. Lewis, Ramaswamy Govindan, Li Ding, Shunqiang Li, Meenhard Herlyn, Michael A. Davies, Jack A. Roth, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Carol J. Bult, Brandi Davis-Dusenbery, Dennis A. Dean, Jeffrey H. Chuang. A repository of PDX histology images for exploring spatial heterogeneity and cancer dynamics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. White
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Xingyi Woo
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Soner Koc
- 2Seven Bridges Genomics, Inc, Charlestown, MA
| | - Todd Sheridan
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew H. Bailey
- 5Simmons Center for Cancer Research, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Maihi Fujita
- 6Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kurt W. Evans
- 7The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bingliang Fang
- 7The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- 7The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Shidan Wang
- 8University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- 8University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yang Xie
- 8University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Ryan C. Fields
- 9Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - R Jay Mashl
- 9Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Min Xiao
- 10The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- 10The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Shahanawaz Jiwani
- 12Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Yvonne A. Evrard
- 12Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alana L. Welm
- 6Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bryan E. Welm
- 6Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Li Ding
- 9Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shunqiang Li
- 9Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Jack A. Roth
- 7The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Landua JD, Moraes R, Carpenter EM, Lewis MT. Hoxd10 Is Required Systemically for Secretory Activation in Lactation and Interacts Genetically with Hoxd9. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:145-162. [PMID: 32705545 PMCID: PMC7392944 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the murine Hoxd10 gene (ΔHoxd10) leads to a high frequency of localized (gland-to-gland or regionally within a gland) lactation impairment in homozygous mutant mice as a single gene mutation. The effect of Hoxd10 disruption was enhanced by simultaneous disruption of Hoxd9 (ΔHoxd9/d10), a mutation shown previously to have no effect on mammary function as a single gene alteration. Mammary glands of homozygous ΔHoxd10 and ΔHoxd9/d10 females were indistinguishable from those of wild type littermate and age-matched control mice in late pregnancy. However, in lactation, 47% of homozygous ΔHoxd10 females, and 100% of homozygous ΔHoxd9/d10 females, showed localized or complete failure of two or more glands to undergo lactation-associated morphological changes and to secrete milk. Affected regions of ΔHoxd10 and ΔHoxd9/d10 mutants showed reduced prolactin receptor expression, reduced signal transducer and activator transcription protein 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation, reduced expression of downstream milk proteins, mislocalized glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation, recruitment of leukocytes, altered cell cycle status, and increased apoptosis relative to unaffected regions and wild type control glands. Despite these local effects on alveolar function, transplantation results and hormone analysis indicate that Hoxd10 primarily has systemic functions that confer attenuated STAT5 phosphorylation on both wild type and ΔHoxd10 transplants when placed in ΔHoxd10 hosts, thereby exacerbating an underlying propensity for lactation failure in C57Bl/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Landua
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room N1210; BCM600, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Moraes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Feigin Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ellen M Carpenter
- Division of Undergraduate Education, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room N1210; BCM600, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Ren YA, Monkkonen T, Lewis MT, Bernard DJ, Christian HC, Jorgez CJ, Moore JA, Landua JD, Chin HM, Chen W, Singh S, Kim IS, Zhang XH, Xia Y, Phillips KJ, MacKay H, Waterland RA, Ljungberg MC, Saha PK, Hartig SM, Coll TF, Richards JS. S100a4-Cre-mediated deletion of Patched1 causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: role of pituitary hematopoietic cells in endocrine regulation. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126325. [PMID: 31265437 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland regulate an array of important physiological functions, but pituitary hormone disorders are not fully understood. Herein we report that genetically-engineered mice with deletion of the hedgehog signaling receptor Patched1 by S100a4 promoter-driven Cre recombinase (S100a4-Cre;Ptch1fl/fl mutants) exhibit adult-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and multiple pituitary hormone disorders. During the transition from puberty to adult, S100a4-Cre;Ptch1fl/fl mice of both sexes develop hypogonadism coupled with reduced gonadotropin levels. Their pituitary glands also display severe structural and functional abnormalities, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and expression of key genes regulating pituitary endocrine functions. S100a4-Cre activity in the anterior pituitary gland is restricted to CD45+ cells of hematopoietic origin, including folliculo-stellate cells and other immune cell types, causing sex-specific changes in the expression of genes regulating the local microenvironment of the anterior pituitary. These findings provide in vivo evidence for the importance of pituitary hematopoietic cells in regulating fertility and endocrine function, in particular during sexual maturation and likely through sexually dimorphic mechanisms. These findings support a previously unrecognized role of hematopoietic cells in causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and provide inroads into the molecular and cellular basis for pituitary hormone disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Athena Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology and.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen C Christian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Carolina J Jorgez
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua A Moore
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John D Landua
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology and.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haelee M Chin
- Department of Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Swarnima Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ik Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiang Hf Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin J Phillips
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry MacKay
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - M Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Center at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio Coll
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Guven A, Villares GJ, Hilsenbeck SG, Lewis A, Landua JD, Dobrolecki LE, Wilson LJ, Lewis MT. Carbon nanotube capsules enhance the in vivo efficacy of cisplatin. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:466-478. [PMID: 28465075 PMCID: PMC6344128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, numerous nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed in an effort to maximize therapeutic effectiveness of conventional drug delivery, while limiting undesirable side effects. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of special interest as potential drug delivery agents due to their numerous unique and advantageous physical and chemical properties. Here, we show in vivo favorable biodistribution and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin (CDDP) encapsulated within ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotube capsules (CDDP@US-tubes) using three different human breast cancer xenograft models. In general, the CDDP@US-tubes demonstrated greater efficacy in suppressing tumor growth than free CDDP in both MCF-7 cell line xenograft and BCM-4272 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The CDDP@US-tubes also demonstrated a prolonged circulation time compared to free CDDP which enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects resulting in significantly more CDDP accumulation in tumors, as determined by platinum (Pt) analysis via inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Over the past decade, drug-loaded nanocarriers have been widely fabricated and studied to enhance tumor specific delivery. Among the diverse classes of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or more specifically ultra-short single-walled carbon nanocapsules (US-tubes), have been shown to be a popular, new platform for the delivery of various medical agents for both imaging and therapeutic purposes. Here, for the first time, we have shown that US-tubes can be utilized as a drug delivery platform in vivo to deliver the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin (CDDP) as CDDP@US-tubes. The studies have demonstrated the ability of the US-tube platform to promote the delivery of encapsulated CDDP by increasing the accumulation of drug in breast cancer resistance cells, which reveals how CDDP@US-tubes help overcome CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Guven
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curly Institute, MS-60, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
| | - Gabriel J Villares
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, 3800 Montrose Boulevard, Houston, TX 77006, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alaina Lewis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John D Landua
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lon J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curly Institute, MS-60, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA.
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Monkkonen T, Landua JD, Visbal AP, Lewis MT. Epithelial and non-epithelial Ptch1 play opposing roles to regulate proliferation and morphogenesis of the mouse mammary gland. Development 2017; 144:1317-1327. [PMID: 28275010 PMCID: PMC5399619 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patched 1 (Ptch1) has epithelial, stromal and systemic roles in murine mammary gland organogenesis, yet specific functions remain undefined. Cre-recombinase-mediated Ptch1 ablation in mammary epithelium increased proliferation and branching, but did not phenocopy transgenic expression of activated smoothened (SmoM2). The epithelium showed no evidence of canonical hedgehog signaling, and hyperproliferation was not blocked by smoothened (SMO) inhibition, suggesting a non-canonical function of PTCH1. Consistent with this possibility, nuclear localization of cyclin B1 was increased. In non-epithelial cells, heterozygous Fsp-Cre-mediated Ptch1 ablation increased proliferation and branching, with dysplastic terminal end buds (TEB) and ducts. By contrast, homozygous Ptch1 ablation decreased proliferation and branching, producing stunted ducts filled with luminal cells showing altered ovarian hormone receptor expression. Whole-gland transplantation into wild-type hosts or estrogen/progesterone treatment rescued outgrowth and hormone receptor expression, but not the histological changes. Bone marrow transplantation failed to rescue outgrowth. Ducts of Fsp-Cre;Ptch1fl/fl mice were similar to Fsp-Cre;SmoM2 ducts, but Fsp-Cre;SmoM2 outgrowths were not stunted, suggesting that the histology might be mediated by Smo in the local stroma, with systemic Ptch1 required for ductal outgrowth and proper hormone receptor expression in the mammary epithelium. Summary: Systemic and tissue-specific depletion of patched 1 in epithelial and stromal compartments of the mammary gland defines functions in ductal patterning, proliferation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Monkkonen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John D Landua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adriana P Visbal
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vadakkan TJ, Landua JD, Bu W, Wei W, Li F, Wong STC, Dickinson ME, Rosen JM, Lewis MT, Zhang M. Wnt-responsive cancer stem cells are located close to distorted blood vessels and not in hypoxic regions in a p53-null mouse model of human breast cancer. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:857-66. [PMID: 24797826 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs, or tumor-initiating cells) may be responsible for tumor formation in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. Using high-resolution imaging techniques, we analyzed the relationship between a Wnt-responsive, CSC-enriched population and the tumor vasculature using p53-null mouse mammary tumors transduced with a lentiviral Wnt signaling reporter. Consistent with their localization in the normal mammary gland, Wnt-responsive cells in tumors were enriched in the basal/myoepithelial population and generally located in close proximity to blood vessels. The Wnt-responsive CSCs did not colocalize with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-positive cells in these p53-null basal-like tumors. Average vessel diameter and vessel tortuosity were increased in p53-null mouse tumors, as well as in a human tumor xenograft as compared with the normal mammary gland. The combined strategy of monitoring the fluorescently labeled CSCs and vasculature using high-resolution imaging techniques provides a unique opportunity to study the CSC and its surrounding vasculature.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Blood Vessels/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Tracking/methods
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Vectors
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegy J Vadakkan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John D Landua
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wen Bu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Lewis MT, Landua JD, Adams HC, Medina D. A mystery wrapped in an enigma: Matrigel enhancement of mammary cell growth and morphogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2012; 17:99-101. [PMID: 22581302 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-012-9249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of normal mammary morphogenesis is facilitated by the use of mammary fat pad transplantation. The recent experiments on analysis of normal mammary epithelial stem cell activity rely heavily on this technique. In this review, we discuss the known and unknown attributes of using Matrigel in the injection of the mammary epithelial cell suspension. Matrigel greatly increases the "take" frequency of the injected cell suspension; however, there is some uncertainty regarding the interpretation of some of the results. After consideration of these issues, our conclusion is that Matrigel is important in order to obtain rigorous and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Landua JD, Lewis MT. P4-04-01: Identification of a Unique Mammary Cell Type Expressing Mesenchymal Markers, but Capable of Multilineage Epithelial Differentiation. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p4-04-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified a previously uncharacterized cell population within the epithelial compartment of the post-pubertal mouse mammary gland. These cells can be found as singlets or as like pairs in both the cap and body cell layer of terminal end buds (TEB) of developing ducts, and are ultimately localized in a suprabasal position distributed throughout the mature mammary ductal tree. In differentiated ducts, these cells typically extend long processes that contact multiple surrounding luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells suggesting a function in cell-cell communication. In younger animals, identified cells do not express epithelial markers including the major cytokeratins (CK) 5, 6, 8, and 14, or E-cadherin, nor do they express myoepithelial cell markers such as smooth muscle actin or p63. However, in 20 week old non-parous females, these cells can give rise to epithelial cell types expressing CK 5, 6, 8, or 14. In transplantation assays, epithelial fragment and whole mammary gland transplantation did not indicate a major role in regenerative growth of mammary ducts. Transplantation of dissociated epithelial cells and wound-healing assays are in progress. Taken together, these observations suggest that this unique cell population possess stem cell-like features in that they are capable of self-renewal, and of giving rise to all major differentiated cell types within the mouse mammary gland.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- JD Landua
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - MT Lewis
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Landua JD, Visbal AP, Lewis MT. Methods for preparing fluorescent and neutral red-stained whole mounts of mouse mammary glands. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2009; 14:411-5. [PMID: 19936989 PMCID: PMC3038127 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-009-9155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole mount preparations of mouse mammary glands are useful for evaluating overall changes in growth and morphology, and are essential for detecting and evaluating focal or regionally-localized phenotypes that would be difficult to detect or analyze using other techniques. We present three newly developed methods for preparing whole mounts of mammary glands from genetically-engineered mice expressing fluorescent proteins, as well as using either neutral red or a variety of fluorescent dyes. Unlike traditional hematoxylin- or carmine-stained preparations, neutral red-stained and some fluorescent preparations can be used for several common downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Landua
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Moraes RC, Chang H, Harrington N, Landua JD, Prigge JT, Lane TF, Wainwright BJ, Hamel PA, Lewis MT. Ptch1 is required locally for mammary gland morphogenesis and systemically for ductal elongation. Development 2009; 136:1423-32. [PMID: 19297414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.023994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic hormones and local growth factor-mediated tissue interactions are essential for mammary gland development. Using phenotypic and transplantation analyses of mice carrying the mesenchymal dysplasia (mes) allele of patched 1 (Ptch1(mes)), we found that Ptch1(mes) homozygosity led to either complete failure of gland development, failure of post-pubertal ductal elongation, or delayed growth with ductal dysplasia. All ductal phenotypes could be present in the same animal. Whole gland and epithelial fragment transplantation each yielded unique morphological defects indicating both epithelial and stromal functions for Ptch1. However, ductal elongation was rescued in all cases, suggesting an additional systemic function. Epithelial function was confirmed using a conditional null Ptch1 allele via MMTV-Cre-mediated disruption. In Ptch1(mes) homozygotes, failure of ductal elongation correlated with diminished estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, but could not be rescued by exogenous ovarian hormone treatment. By contrast, pituitary isografts were able to rescue the ductal elongation phenotype. Thus, Ptch1 functions in the mammary epithelium and stroma to regulate ductal morphogenesis, and in the pituitary to regulate ductal elongation and ovarian hormone responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo C Moraes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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