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Kheyrollah M, Farhadpour M, Sabouni F, Haghbeen K. Neuroprotective effect of Lithospermum officinale callus extract on inflamed primary microglial cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023:CPB-EPUB-133712. [PMID: 37587806 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230816154639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants that have therapeutic features for humans or animals are commonly referred to as "medicinal plants". They produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial and/or anti-cancer effects. Lithospermum officinale, known as European stone seed, is a famous medicinal herb. However, due to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PzAl) in the root extract of L.officinal, there are therapeutic limitations to this herb. Objective This research was devoted to the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory capacity of methanolic extracts of L. officinale callus (LoE) (fresh cells) on rat microglial cells, the immune cells of the Central Nervous System, which play an essential role in the responses to neuroinflammation. METHODS Primary microglia were obtained from neonatal Wistar rats (1 to 3-days old), and then treated with various concentration of CfA and methanolic extracts of 17 and 31-day-old L. officinale callus before LPS-stimulation. In addition to HPLC analysis of the extracts, viability, nitric oxide production, and evaluation of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines in the inflamed microglia were investigated by MTT, Griess methos, qrt-PCR, and ELISA. RESULTS Methanolic extract of the 17-day-old callus of L. officinale exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated microglial cells much higher than observed for CfA. The data were further supported by the decreased expression of Nos2, Tnf-α, and Cox-2 mRNA and the suppression of TNF-α and IL-1β release in the activated microglial cells pretreated with the effective dose of LoE (0.8 mg mL-1). CONCLUSION It was assumed that the better anti-neuroinflammatory performance of LoE than CfA in LPS-activated primary microglia could be a result of the synergism of the components of the extract and the lipophilic nature of RsA as the main phenolic acid of LoE. Considering that LoE shows a high antioxidant capacity and lacks PzAl, it is anticipated that LoE extract might be considered a reliable substitute to play a key role in the preparation of neuroprotective pharmaceutical formulas, which require in vivo research and further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadpour
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O.Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O.Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran
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Taherkhani N, Hekmat A, Piri H, Haghbeen K. Structural and inhibitory effects of fulvic and humic acids against tyrosinase. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14279. [PMID: 35727699 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of tyrosinase activity can control fruit browning and preserve the flavor and nutritional value of food. The impacts of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) on tyrosinase activity were investigated utilizing circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking (MD), and molecular dynamics simulations. HA and FA demonstrated a mixed type of inhibition with Ki 2.02 and 5.2 μM, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters displayed that the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic force play a major role in the FA-tyrosinase and HA-tyrosinase interaction, respectively. Fluorescence experiments demonstrated changes in tyrosinase tertiary structures. HA could not destroy the tyrosinase secondary structure significantly, however, FA has a significant influence on the tyrosinase secondary structure. The molecular dynamics findings demonstrated the minimal fluctuations and the lowest flexibility in the complex amino acids in the HA-tyrosinase and FA-tyrosinase interaction. Altogether, HA and FA could be utilized in food industries as an accessible natural source for tyrosinase inhibition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Recently, the investigation of tyrosinase inhibitors from the biosphere for hindrance of undesired browning in the food industry has increased considerably. Mushroom tyrosinase is a suitable model for kinetic research owing to its availability as well as close conformational similarity to tyrosinase in a mammal. Natural sources and their effective compounds could have wonderful potential on tyrosinase activity and structure, thus, in this study, the interactions between tyrosinase and fulvic acid (FA) and Humic acid (HA) were investigated. Previously, it has been shown that HA and FA have antioxidant properties and they can improve the quality of food via retarding lipid oxidation. Altogether, further investigations are warranted to draw firm conclusions, HA and FA could be utilized in food industries not only as antioxidant agents but also as an accessible natural source for tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Taherkhani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hekmat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Piri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Department, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi S, Tarrahimofrad H, Arjmand S, Zamani J, Haghbeen K, Aminzadeh S. Expression, characterization, and activity optimization of a novel cellulase from the thermophilic bacteria Cohnella sp. A01. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10301. [PMID: 35717508 PMCID: PMC9206686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are hydrolytic enzymes with wide scientific and industrial applications. We described a novel cellulase, CelC307, from the thermophilic indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. The 3-D structure of the CelC307 was predicted by comparative modeling. Docking of CelC307 with specific inhibitors and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that these ligands bound in a non-competitive manner. The CelC307 protein was purified and characterized after recombinant expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. Using CMC 1% as the substrate, the thermodynamic values were determined as Km 0.46 mM, kcat 104.30 × 10-3 (S-1), and kcat/Km 226.73 (M-1 S-1). The CelC307 was optimally active at 40 °C and pH 7.0. The culture condition was optimized for improved CelC307 expression using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design as follows: temperature 20 °C, pH 7.5, and inoculation concentration with an OD600 = 1. The endoglucanase activity was positively modulated in the presence of Na+, Li+, Ca2+, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), and glycerol. The thermodynamic parameters calculated for CelC307 confirmed its inherent thermostability. The characterized CelC307 may be a suitable candidate for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Goojgi ST, Tavakoli M, Haghbeen K, Mousavi A, Piri K. A novel spray bioreactor for the proliferation of plant callus; Hyoscyamus niger and Arnebia pulchra. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:333-340. [PMID: 35182262 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unlike plant cell suspension culture, the proliferation of callus in bioreactors has received inadequate attention. The magnificent potential of plant callus becomes more appreciated as the research unfolds and promises interesting applications including the production of valuable metabolites, therapeutic antibodies, bioactive extracts with regenerating effects, and the generation of genetically improved plants. Issues such as the lack of 3D-access of the cells to the nutrients, using an interfering gelling substance as the support matrix, and the changes in the medium formulation during the growth phase were discouraging factors for extending research on this topic. Considering the existing drawbacks, a novel open-flow spray bioreactor (OFSB) was configured to circumvent the associated problems with the solid cell culture and promote the applicability of plant callus culture via improving the feeding strategy. METHODS Applying similar subculture conditions, the proliferation of Arnebia pulchra and Hyoscyamus niger calli as the examples of two important plant families (Boraginaceae and Solanaceae) was studied in the OFSB in comparison with similar calli that grew in Petri dishes and jars. RESULTS A. pulchra and H. niger calli obtained the weight gains of (%87.3 and %106.7) in the Petri dishes, (%208.7 and %226) in the jars, and (%288.6 and %320.0) in OFSB, respectively, while no significant changes were observed in the productivity indices of the examined calli. CONCLUSION The simple design of OFSB bypasses most of the notorious problems associated with solid plant callus culture. OFSB technical features allow the bioreactor to be used for growth optimization of various types of plant calli in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tahmasebi Goojgi
- Department of Horticulture Science and Agronomy, Science, and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tavakoli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mousavi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Piri
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Soleimani Asl S, Karkhane AA, Zamani Amirzakaria J, Akbari Noghabi K, Ghashghaie J, Haghbeen K. Structure and activity of a novel robust peroxidase from Alkanna frigida cell culture. Phytochemistry 2022; 194:113022. [PMID: 34826793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Demands for peroxidases (POX)s with diverse physicochemical properties have steadily grown as more applications of POXs are demonstrated. Plants are among the best sources of versatile POXs, and plant biotechnology, as an agricultural hassle-free technology, promises to circumvent the limitations of natural resource exploitation and to address the demands. Following this trend, it was shown that POX production steadily increased during the 31-day subculture of Alkanna frigida (from Boraginaceae) callus on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10-6 M) and kinetin (10-5 M). The purified cationic enzyme (POXalf) maintained its optimal activity over pH 4-7 for 2 years. It was resistant to H2O2 high concentrations (IC50 = 543.7 mM) and showed high specific activity in the reaction with phenol (4320.5 AU mg-1 > 20-fold of HRP AU). Furthermore, the specificity constant ratio of guaiacol to phenol indicated a 100 times faster reaction of POXalf with guaiacol. However, in contrast to HRP, it had little effect on diazo derivatives of aniline and meta-diaminobenzene. Based on the resulting primary structure from the tandem mass analysis, the POXalf 3D structure was constructed via homology modelling. Despite the high topological similarity between the HRP and POXalf structures, there were important differences between the active site pockets that could explain the observed differences in the corresponding substrate spectra and the specific activities. Considering the dynamics of POXalf production, its inactivity towards IAA and its high affinity for guaiacol, POXalf may have associated roles with A. frigida cell wall construction and monolignol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université de Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghorbanian N, Mousavi A, Marefatjoo MJ, Ghofrani NS, Lohrasebi T, Haghbeen K. Toward more specific inhibitor for Solanum tuberosum polyphenol oxidase through a structural insight into its activities and inhibition. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13949. [PMID: 34558084 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To prevent enzymatic browning, applying a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor is more desirable, especially when the freshness of the product matters. Most of the inhibition studies were done on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) while the literature indicates that MT and PPO of Solanum tuberosum (PPOsol ) respond differently to the same modulator despite their similar active sites. This research was conducted to deepen our knowledge about PPOsol and introduce a more specific inhibitor for this enzyme to be used in controlling the enzymatic browning of potatoes. A modified procedure was developed for PPOsol purification. The enzyme was subjected to some essential physicochemical and kinetics studies. In parallel to the comparable physicochemical properties, homology modeling revealed high structural similarity between Solanum lycopersicum PPO (PPOsly ) and PPOsol except for their active site pockets. Accordingly, PPOsol showed 5.1- and 34-fold higher affinity toward chlorogenic acid compared with two PPOsly isozymes. Alike PPOsly , PPOsol showed monophenolase activity but it was inactive toward L-tyrosine and p-coumaric acid. Based on structural criteria, phthalic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were selected and thoroughly examined for inhibition of the catecholase activity of PPOsol . Although all these substances inhibited PPOsol in mixed-inhibition mode, the results were strongly in favor of vanillin with IC50 < 1.37 mM and Ki < 1.2 mM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are subtle structural differences in the active site pockets of polyphenol oxidase (PPOs) of various fruits, vegetables, and crops. Consequently, to introduce an efficient inhibitor for hindering enzymatic browning of crop products, it is essential to have detailed knowledge about the structure and activity of its PPO as the main player of this undesirable phenomenon. Results of this study not only shed light on the physicochemical properties of PPOsol but can also be used in making various formulations for safe controlling enzymatic browning of potatoes, especially fresh-cut and minimally processed products, and similar crops products during postharvest and the processes of products preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghorbanian
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mousavi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Javaheri Safa Z, Olya A, Zamani M, Motalebi M, Khalili R, Haghbeen K, Aminzadeh S. Biodegradation of cyanide to ammonia and carbon dioxide by an industrially valuable enzyme from the newly isolated Enterobacter zs. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1131-1137. [PMID: 34521302 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1967653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biodetoxification of cyanide-rich wastewater has been suggested as an appropriate technique due to its environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. In this research, Enterobacter zs that was newly isolated from cyanide-polluted wastewater was selected to catalyze cyanide via an enzymatic mechanism. Enzyme was purified and its activity was also determined by ammonia assay. Subsequently, the operational procedure was optimized to enhance cyanide biodegradation at variable pH values, temperatures and cyanide concentrations using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that the interactions between pH and temperature, as well as those between pH and cyanide concentration, were significant, and the concentration of cyanide in a 650 mg.L-1 solution was decreased by 73%. According to this study, it can be proposed that due to its higher activity level compared with those of similar enzymes, this enzyme can prove useful in enzymatic biodegradation of cyanide which is a promising approach in the treatment of industrial effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Javaheri Safa
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nourdanesh University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arta Olya
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zamani
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Motalebi
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Khalili
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nourdanesh University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Kheyrollah M, Sabouni F, Farhadpour M, Haghbeen K. Withdrawal Notice: Neuroprotective Effect of Lithospermum officinale callus Extract on Inflamed Primary Microglial Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:CPB-EPUB-111190. [PMID: 33148153 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201104145439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the authors are not responding to the editor's requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn by mutual agreement between the editors and the publisher. Bentham Science apologizes for any inconvenience this decision may have brought to the journal's readers. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. Bentham Science Disclaimer It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran. Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadpour
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O.Box:14965/161, Tehran. Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O.Box:14965/161, Tehran. Iran
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Mohammadnejad P, Asl SS, Aminzadeh S, Haghbeen K. A new sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of saliva and blood glucose. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:117897. [PMID: 31836401 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for accurate and inexpensive glucometers as the world moves toward personalized medicine. Among the existing technologies, photometric based devices are more desired due to the cost-effectiveness, ease-of-use and the potential to be adopted in the smart-phone technology for remote sensing and self-monitoring purposes. However, the accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of the results of these devices are heavily dependent on the details of the chosen glucose measuring method. Considering the delicate problems with the current spectrophotometric methods, a new method was developed for more precise, accurate, and fast measurement of blood glucose via the coupled reactions of glucose oxidase and peroxidase using 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) azo]-benzenesulfonic acid (GASA) as the substrate. Stability of GASA and its oxidized products along with its direct and fast consumption by peroxidase, made it possible to determine blood glucose concentration in <20 s with high reproducibility. The low detection limit of GASA method (0.36 mg dL-1) with a linear range from 0.36 to 399.6 mg.dL-1 also allowed determination of salivary glucose concentration (SGC). As compared with the blood samples, the SGC results were more dispersed, especially for the diabetic participants, assumingly due to the diverse nature of salivary samples. However, a good correlation coefficient of 0.81 for non-diabetic individuals showed that it is accurate enough to recognize non-diabetic from diabetic condition. Results of this study disclose the potential application of GASA method as a reliable alternative for the current spectrophotometric methods with the ability to be adopted in miniaturized glucometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mohammadnejad
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965, /161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Soleimani Asl
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965, /161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965, /161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965, /161, Tehran, Iran.
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Shafiei M, Afzali F, Karkhane AA, Ebrahimi SM, Haghbeen K, Aminzadeh S. Cohnella sp. A01 laccase: thermostable, detergent resistant, anti-environmental and industrial pollutants enzyme. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02543. [PMID: 31687608 PMCID: PMC6819783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2; benzenediol; oxygen oxidoreductases) is a multi-copper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of phenols, polyphenols, aromatic amines, and different non-phenolic substrates with concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O. Enzymatic oxidation techniques have the potential of implementation in different areas of industrial fields. In this study, the Cohnella sp. A01 laccase gene was cloned into pET-26 (b+) vector and was transformed to E. coli BL21. Then it was purified using His tag affinity (Ni sepharose resin) chromatography. The estimated molecular weight was approximately 60 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The highest enzyme activity and best pH for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) oxidation were recorded as 8 at 90 °C respectively. The calculated half-life and kinetic values including Km, Vmax, turn over number (kcat), and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the enzyme were 106 min at 90 °C and 686 μM, 10.69 U/ml, 20.3 S−, and 0.029 s−1 μM−1, respectively. The DMP was available as the substrate in all the calculations. Enzyme activity enhanced in the presence of Cu2+, NaCl, SDS, n-hexane, Triton X-100, tween 20, and tween 80, significantly. The binding residues were predicted and mapped upon the modeled tertiary structure of identified laccase. The remaining activity and structural properties of Cohnella sp. A01 laccase in extreme conditions such as high temperatures and presence of metals, detergents, and organic solvents suggest the potential of this enzyme in biotechnological and industrial applications. This process has been patented in Iranian Intellectual Property Centre under License No: 91325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Shafiei
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Iran
| | - Farzaneh Afzali
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Iran
| | - S Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Iran
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Shahryari S, Zahiri HS, Haghbeen K, Adrian L, Noghabi KA. High phenol degradation capacity of a newly characterized Acinetobacter sp. SA01: Bacterial cell viability and membrane impairment in respect to the phenol toxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:455-466. [PMID: 30144706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient phenol-degrading bacterial strain, belonging to Acinetobacter genus, was isolated and selected to study the impact of different environmentally relevant phenol concentrations on the degradation process. The bacterial isolate, labeled as Acinetobacter sp. SA01 was able to degrade the maximum phenol concentration of 1 g/l during 60 h at optimum condition of pH 7, 30 °C and 180 rpm. Aeration and initial cell density, the two important factors, were carefully examined in the optimal growth conditions. The results showed that these two variables related proportionally with phenol degradation rate. Further investigations showed no effect of inoculum size on the enhancement of degradation of phenol at over 1 g/l. Flow cytometry (FCM) study was performed to find out the relationship between phenol-induced damages and phenol degradation process. Single staining using propidium iodide (PI) showed increased cell membrane permeability with an increase of phenol concentration, while single staining with carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) demonstrated a considerable reduction in esterase activity of the cells treated with phenol at more than 1 g/l. A detailed investigation of cellular viability using concurrent double staining of cFDA/PI revealed that the cell death increases in cells exposed to phenol at more than 1 g/l. The rate of cell death was low but noticeable in the presence of phenol concentration of 2 g/l, over time. Phenol at concentrations of 3 and 4 g/l caused strong toxicity in living cells of Acinetobacter sp. SA01. The plate count method and microscopy analysis of the cells treated with phenol at 1.5 and 2 g/l confirmed an apparent reduction in cell number over time. It was assumed that the phenol concentrations higher than 1 g/l have destructive effects on membrane integrity of Acinetobacter sp. SA01. Our results also revealed that the toxicity did not reduce by increasing initial cell density. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of bacterial cells revealed the surface morphological changes following exposure to phenol. The bacterial cells, with wizened appearance and wrinkled surface, were observed by exposing to phenol (1 g/l) at lag phase. A morphological change occurred in the mid-logarithmic phase as the bacterial cells demonstrated coccobacilli form as well as elongated filamentous shape. The wrinkled cell surface were totally disappeared in mid-stationary phase, suggesting that the complete degradation of phenol relieve the stress and direct bacterial cells toward possessing smoother cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Shahryari
- Division of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Division of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Division of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Division of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Emruzi Z, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Alikhajeh J, Haghbeen K, Gholami D. Improving the thermostability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase via G191V site-directed mutagenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:64-70. [PMID: 29733926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases with high thermostability are important for many industrial and biotechnological applications. This study was conducted to enhance the stability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase by site directed mutagenesis of G191 V. Further characterization showed that the thermal stability of the mutant showed marked increase of about 5 and 15 fold at 50 and 60 °C respectively, while the optimum temperature and pH was retained. Kinetic analysis showed decreased Km and Vmax of the mutant in comparison with the wild type chitinase of about 1.3 and 3 fold, respectively. Based on structural prediction, it was speculated that this replacement shortened an important loop concomitant with the extension of adjacent β sheets. Accordingly, a higher thermostability of G191 V up to 90 °C supporting the decreased flexibility of unfolded state was also indicated. Finally, a practical proof of kinetic and thermal stabilization of chitinase was provided through decreased flexibility and entropic stabilization of its surface loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Emruzi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan Alikhajeh
- Departments of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Gholami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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13
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Hassani S, Gharechaei B, Nikfard S, Fazli M, Gheibi N, Hardré R, Legge RL, Haghbeen K. New insight into the allosteric effect of L-tyrosine on mushroom tyrosinase during L-dopa production. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:821-829. [PMID: 29621499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics studies of L-tyrosine (LTy) ortho-hydroxylation by mushroom tyrosinase (MT) confirmed that MT was severely, but not completely, inhibited at higher concentrations of LTy. Despite the availability of the crystal structure reports, no allosteric site has been identified on MT. To examine the assumption that a non-specific binding site works as a regulatory site, docking simulations were run for the second molecule of L-tyrosine (LTy2) on the complexes of the first L-tyrosine molecule (LTy1) with the heavy chain (H) of MT (LTy1/HMT) and its dimer with the light chain (Ty1/LHMT). In both, LTy2 occupied a non-specific binding site (MTPc). MD simulations revealed LTy2/HMT/LTy1 and LTy2/LHMT/LTy1 were stable. Binding free-energy analysis supported the formation of LTy2/HMT/LTy1 and LTy2/LHMT/LTy1 at higher concentrations of LTy and disclosed the importance of ΔEelec and ΔGpolar during binding of LTy2 to MTPc. Upon LTy2 binding to MTPc, the Cu-Cu distance remained unchanged while the spatial position of LTy1 in the active site (MTPa) changed so that it would not be able to participate in ortho-hydroxylation. This study suggests a tuning role for L chain during binding of the ligands to MTPa and MTPc. Given these results, a plausible mechanism was proposed for the MT substrate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Gharechaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Nikfard
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, P.O. Box: 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Raymond L Legge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Khalili Ghadikolaei K, Gharechahi J, Haghbeen K, Akbari Noghabi K, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Shahbani Zahiri H. A cold-adapted endoglucanase from camel rumen with high catalytic activity at moderate and low temperatures: an anomaly of truly cold-adapted evolution in a mesophilic environment. Extremophiles 2018; 22:315-326. [PMID: 29330650 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases are important enzymes in plant biomass degradation. They have current and potential applications in various industrial sectors including human and animal food processing, textile, paper, and renewable biofuel production. It is assumed that the cold-active endoglucanases, with high catalytic rates in moderate and cold temperatures, can improve the cost-effectiveness of industrial processes by lowering the need for heating and, thus, energy consumption. In this study, the endoglucanase CelCM3 was procured from a camel rumen metagenome via gene cloning and expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The maximum activity of the enzyme on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was obtained at pH 5 and 30 °C with a Vmax and Km of 339 U/mg and 2.57 mg/ml, respectively. The enzyme with an estimated low melting temperature of 45 °C and about 50% activity at 4 °C was identified to be cold-adapted. A thermodynamic analysis corroborated that CelCM3 with an activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH), and Gibb's free energy (ΔG) of, respectively, 18.47 kJ mol-1, 16.12 kJ mol-1, and 56.09 kJ mol-1 is a cold-active endoglucanase. In addition, CelCM3 was tolerant of metal ions, non-ionic detergents, urea, and organic solvents. Given these interesting characteristics, CelCM3 shows promise to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Khalili Ghadikolaei
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Zebardast Roodi F, Aminzadeh S, Farrokhi N, Karkhane A, Haghbeen K. Cohnella amylopullulanases: Biochemical characterization of two recombinant thermophilic enzymes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175013. [PMID: 28394913 PMCID: PMC5386253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some industries require newer, more efficient recombinant enzymes to accelerate their ongoing biochemical reactions in harsh environments with less replenishment. Thus, the search for native enzymes from extremophiles that are suitable for use under industrial conditions is a permanent challenge for R & D departments. Here and toward such discoveries, two sequences homologous to amylopullulanases (EC 3.2.1.41, GH57) from an endogenous Cohnella sp., [Coh00831 (KP335161; 1998 bp) and Coh01133 (KP335160: 3678 bp)] were identified. The genes were heterologously expressed in E. coli to both determine their type and further characterize their properties. The isolated DNA was PCR amplified with gene specific primers and cloned in pET28a, and the recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The temperatures and pH optima of purified recombinants Coh 01133 and Coh 00831 enzymes were 70°C and 8, and 60°C and 6, respectively. These enzymes are stable more than 90% in 60°C and 50°C for 90 min respectively. The major reactions released sugars which could be fractionated by HPLC analysis, from soluble starch were mainly maltose (G2), maltotriose (G3) and maltotetraose (G4). The enzymes hydrolyzed pullulan to maltotriose (G3) only. Enzyme activities for both proteins were improved in the availability of Mn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and reduced in the presence of Fe2+, Li2+, Na2+, Triton X100 and urea. Moreover, Co2+, K+, and Cu2+ had a negative effect only on Coh 01133 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zebardast Roodi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAsghar Karkhane
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Moshtaghioun SM, Dadkhah M, Bahremandjo K, Haghbeen K, Aminzadeh S, Legge RL. Optimization of simultaneous production of tyrosinase and laccase by Neurospora crassa. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1266617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Moshtaghioun
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran, and
| | - Maryam Dadkhah
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Kamran Bahremandjo
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Raymond L. Legge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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17
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Mohandesi N, Siadat SOR, Haghbeen K, Hesampour A. Cloning and expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUC2 gene in yeast platform and characterization of recombinant enzyme biochemical properties. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:129. [PMID: 28330196 PMCID: PMC4909026 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertase (EC.3.2.1.26) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to an equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose which is of interest for various industrial applications. In this research, Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene (SUC2) was optimized based on Pichia pastoris codon preference. The synthetic gene was introduced into the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the control of the inducible AOX1 promoter. High level of the extracellular recombinant invertase (R-inv) production was achieved via methanol induction for 4 days and purified by His-Tag affinity chromatography which appeared to be a mixture of glycosylated proteins with various sizes of 85-95 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Deglycosylation of the proteins by Endo-H resulted in the proteins with average molecular weight of 60 kDa. The purified recombinant invertase biochemical properties and kinetic parameters determined a pH and temperature optimum at 4.8 and 60 °C, respectively, which in comparison with native S. cerevisiae invertase, thermal stability of recombinant invertase is highly increased in different heating treatment experiments. The purification of recombinant invertase resulted in an enzyme with specific activity of 178.56 U/mg with 3.83-fold of purification and the kinetic constants for enzyme were Km value of 19 mM and Vmax value of 300 μmol min-1 mg-1 With kinetic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of 13.15 s-1 mmol-1 it can be concluded that recombinant P. pastoris invertase can be more effective for industrial quality criteria. We conclude that recombinant P. pastoris enzyme with broad pH stability, substrate specificity and proper thermal stability can fulfil a series of predefined industrial quality criteria to be used in food, pharmaceutical and bio ethanol production industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohandesi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ardeshir Hesampour
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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18
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Mohandesi N, Haghbeen K, Ranaei O, Arab SS, Hassani S. Catalytic efficiency and thermostability improvement of Suc2 invertase through rational site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 96:14-22. [PMID: 27871374 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of invertases has come to attention because of increasing demand for possible applications of invertases in various industrial processes. Due to the known physicochemical properties, invertases from micro-organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying SUC2 gene are considered as primary models. To improve thermostability and catalytic efficiency of SUC2 invertase (SInv), six influential residues with Relative Solvent Accessibility<5% were selected through multiple-sequence alignments, molecular modelling, structural and computational analyses. Consequently, SInv and 5 mutants including three mutants with single point substitution [Mut1=P152V, Mut2=S85V and Mut3=K153F)], one mutant with two points [Mut4=S305V-N463V] and one mutant with three points [Mut5=S85V-K153F-T271V] were developed via site-directed mutagenesis and produced using Pichia pastoris as the host. Physicochemical studies on these enzymes indicated that the selected amino acids which were located in the active site region mainly influenced catalytic efficiency. The best improvement belonged to Mut1 (54% increase in Kcat/Km) and Mut3 exhibited the worst effect (90% increase in Km). These results suggest that Pro152 and Lys153 play key role in preparation of the right substrate lodging in the active site of SInv. The best thermostability improvement (16%) was observed for Mut4 in which two hydrophilic residues located on the loops, far from the active site, were replaced by Valines. These results suggest that tactful simultaneous substitution of influential hydrophilic residues in both active site region and peripheral loops with hydrophobic amino acids could result in more thermostable invertases with enhanced catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohandesi
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. P.O. Box: 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. P.O. Box: 149651/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Ranaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Faculty of Biological Science, Bioinformatics Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorour Hassani
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. P.O. Box: 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
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Aliabadi N, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Haghbeen K. Thermostable chitinase from Cohnella sp. A01: isolation and product optimization. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:931-940. [PMID: 27528085 PMCID: PMC5052389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve bacterial strains isolated from shrimp farming ponds were screened for their growth activity on chitin as the sole carbon source. The highly chitinolytic bacterial strain was detected by qualitative cup plate assay and tentatively identified to be Cohnella sp. A01 based on 16S rDNA sequencing and by matching the key morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cultivation of Cohnella sp. A01 in the suitable liquid medium resulted in the production of high levels of enzyme. The colloidal chitin, peptone, and K2HPO4 represented the best carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources, respectively. Enzyme production by Cohnella sp. A01 was optimized by the Taguchi method. Our results demonstrated that inoculation amount and temperature of incubation were the most significant factors influencing chitinase production. From the tested values, the best pH/temperature was obtained at pH 5 and 70°C, with Km and Vmax values of chitinase to be 5.6mg/mL and 0.87μmol/min, respectively. Ag+, Co2+, iodoacetamide, and iodoacetic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas Mn2+, Cu2+, Tweens (20 and 80), Triton X-100, and EDTA increased the same. In addition, the study of the morphological alteration of chitin treated by enzyme by SEM revealed cracks and pores on the chitin surface, indicating a potential application of this enzyme in several industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Aliabadi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Hassani S, Haghbeen K, Fazli M. Non-specific binding sites help to explain mixed inhibition in mushroom tyrosinase activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:138-148. [PMID: 27344491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition and activation studies of tyrosinase could prove beneficial to agricultural, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Although non-competitive and mixed-inhibition are frequent modes observed in kinetics studies on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) activities, the phenomena are left unexplained. In this study, dual effects of phthalic acid (PA) and cinnamic acid (CA) on MT during mono-phenolase activity were demonstrated. PA activated and inhibited MT at concentrations lower and higher than 150 μM, respectively. In contrast, CA inhibited and activated MT at concentrations lower and higher than 5 μM. The mode of inhibition for both effectors was mixed-type. Complex kinetics of MT in the presence of a modulator could partly be ascribed to its mixed-cooperativity. However, to explain mixed-inhibition mode, it is necessary to demonstrate how the ternary complex of substrate/enzyme/effector is formed. Therefore, we looked for possible non-specific binding sites using MT tropolone-bound PDB (2Y9X) in the computational studies. When tropolone was in MTPa (active site), PA and CA occupied different pockets (named MTPb and MTPc, respectively). The close Moldock scores of PA binding posed in MTPb and MTPa suggested that MTPb could be a secondary binding site for PA. Similar results were obtained for CA. Ensuing results from 10 ns molecular dynamics simulations for 2Y9X-effector complexes indicated that the structures were gradually stabilized during simulation. Tunnel analysis by using CAVER Analyst and CHEXVIS resulted in identifying two distinct channels that assumingly participate in exchanging the effectors when the direct channel to MTPa is not accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Gheibi N, Hosseini Zavareh S, Rezaei Behbahani GR, Haghbeen K, Sirati-sabet M, Ilghari D, Goodarzvand Chegini K. Comprehensive kinetic and structural studies of different flavonoids inhibiting diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Mirazizi F, Bahrami A, Haghbeen K, Shahbani Zahiri H, Bakavoli M, Legge RL. Rapid and direct spectrophotometric method for kinetics studies and routine assay of peroxidase based on aniline diazo substrates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1162-9. [PMID: 26526616 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that play an important role in living organisms. Current spectrophotometrically based peroxidase assay methods are based on the production of chromophoric substances at the end of the enzymatic reaction. The ambiguity regarding the formation and identity of the final chromophoric product and its possible reactions with other molecules have raised concerns about the accuracy of these methods. This can be of serious concern in inhibition studies. A novel spectrophotometric assay for peroxidase, based on direct measurement of a soluble aniline diazo substrate, is introduced. In addition to the routine assays, this method can be used in comprehensive kinetics studies. 4-[(4-Sulfophenyl)azo]aniline (λmax = 390 nm, ɛ = 32 880 M(-1) cm(-1) at pH 4.5 to 9) was introduced for routine assay of peroxidase. This compound is commercially available and is indexed as a food dye. Using this method, a detection limit of 0.05 nmol mL(-1) was achieved for peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirazizi
- a Department of Chemistry , Islamic Azad University of Mashhad , Mashhad , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azita Bahrami
- b National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- c Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- d National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- e Department of Chemistry , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , The Islamic Republic of Iran , and
| | - Raymond L Legge
- f Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - Awat Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; P.O. Box: 14165/161 Tehran Iran
| | - Raymond L. Legge
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
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Gheibi N, Taherkhani N, Ahmadi A, Haghbeen K, Ilghari D. Characterization of inhibitory effects of the potential therapeutic inhibitors, benzoic acid and pyridine derivatives, on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2015; 18:122-9. [PMID: 25810885 PMCID: PMC4366722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Involvement of tyrosinase in the synthesis of melanin and cell signaling pathway has made it an attractive target in the search for therapeutic inhibitors for treatment of different skin hyperpigmentation disorders and melanoma cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive kinetic analysis to understand the mechanisms of inhibition imposed by 2-amino benzoic acid, 4-amino benzoic acid, nicotinic acid, and picolinic acid on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of the mushroom tyrosinase, and then MTT assay was exploited to evaluate their toxicity on the melanoma cells. RESULTS Kinetic analysis revealed that nicotinic acid and picolinic acid competitively restricted the monophenolase activity with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.21 mM and 1.97 mM and the diphenolase activity with Kis of 2.4 mM and 2.93 mM, respectively. 2-aminobenzoic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid inhibited the monophenolase activity in a non-competitive fashion with Kis of 5.15 µM and 3.8 µM and the diphenolase activity with Kis of 4.72 µM and 20 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION Our cell-based data revealed that only the pyridine derivatives imposed cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Importantly, the concentrations of the inhibitors leading to 50% decrease in the cell density (IC50) were comparable to those causing 50% drop in the enzyme activity, implying that the observed cytotoxicity is highly likely due to the tyrosinase inhibition. Moreover, our cell-based data exhibited that the pyridine derivatives acted as anti-proliferative agents, perhaps inducing cytotoxicity in the melanoma cells through inhibition of the tyrosinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Negar Taherkhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Department, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Ilghari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran,*Corresponding author: Dariush Ilghari. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
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Eshghi H, Khojastehnezhad A, Moeinpour F, Rezaeian S, Bakavoli M, Teymouri M, Rostami A, Haghbeen K. Nanomagnetic organic–inorganic hybrid (Fe@Si-Gu-Prs): a novel magnetically green catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mojallali L, Shahbani Zahiri H, Rajaei S, Akbari Noghabi K, Haghbeen K. A novel ∼34-kDa α-amylase from psychrotroph Exiguobacterium sp. SH3: production, purification, and characterization. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 61:118-25. [PMID: 23826950 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An amylase-producing psychrotroph bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. A novel cold-adapted α-amylase, Amy SH3, was purified from culture medium of this bacterium using acetone precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated about 34 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Biochemical characterization of Amy SH3 revealed that the optimum temperature for maximum activity of Amy SH3 was 37°C. However, Amy SH3 was also active at cold temperatures, showing 13% and 39% activity at 0 and 10°C, respectively. The optimum pH for maximum activity of Amy SH3 was pH 7, whereas the amylase was active over a pH range of 5 to 10. The activity of Amy SH3 was enhanced by Co²⁺ but decreased by Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Ca²⁺. Amy SH3 was able to retain 76% of its activity in the presence of 0.5% SDS. The K(m) and V(max) of the enzyme were calculated to be 0.06 mg/mL and 4,010 U/mL, respectively. The cold-adapted Amy SH3 seems very promising for applications at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mojallali
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Matroodi S, Zamani M, Haghbeen K, Motallebi M, Aminzadeh S. Physicochemical study of a novel chimeric chitinase with enhanced binding ability. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:845-56. [PMID: 23979812 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are slow-reacting but important enzymes as they are anticipated to have diverse applications. The role of a chitin-binding domain (ChBD) in enhancing the quality of binding is essential information for purposeful engineering of chitinases. The idea of making hybrid chitinases by fusing a known ChBD to a chitinase, which naturally lacks ChBD is of interest especially for bio-controlling purposes. Therefore, in the present study, the ChBD of Serratia marcescens chitinase B was selected and fused to the fungal chitinase, Trichoderma atroviride Chit42. Both Chit42 and chemric Chit42 (ChC) showed similar activity towards colloidal chitin with specificity constants of 0.83 and 1.07 min(-1), respectively, same optimum temperatures (40°C), and similar optimum pH (4 and 4.5, respectively). In the presence of insoluble chitin, ChC showed higher activity (70%) and obtained a remarkably higher binding constant (700 times). Spectroscopic studies indicated that chimerization of Chit42 caused some structural changes, which resulted in a reduction of α-helix in ChC structure. Chemical and thermal stability studies suggested that ChC had a more stable structure than Chit42. Hill analysis of the binding data revealed mixed-cooperativity with positive cooperativity governing at ChC concentrations below 0.5 and above 2 µM in the presence of insoluble chitin. It is suggested that the addition of the ChBD to Chit42 affords structural changes which enhance the binding ability of ChC to insoluble chitin, improving its catalytic efficiency and increasing its thermal and chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Matroodi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box: 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
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Alemi M, Sabouni F, Sanjarian F, Haghbeen K, Ansari S. Anti-inflammatory effect of seeds and callus of Nigella sativa L. extracts on mix glial cells with regard to their thymoquinone content. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:160-7. [PMID: 23255199 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effect of the alcoholic extracts of N. sativa seeds and its callus on mix glial cells of rat with regard to their thymoquinone (TQ) content was investigated. Callus induction was achieved for explants of young leaf, stem, petiole, and root of N. sativa on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D (1 mg/l) and kinetin (2.15 mg/l). TQ content of the alcoholic extracts was measured by HPLC. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant power was estimated using FRAP tests. The mix glial cells, inflamed by lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to anti-inflammatory studies in the presence of various amounts of TQ and the alcoholic extracts. Viability of the cells and nitric oxide production were measured by MTT and Griess reagent, respectively. The leaf callus obtained the highest growth rate (115.4 mg/day) on MS medium containing 2,4-D (0.22 mg/l) and kinetin (2.15 mg/l). Analyses confirmed that TQ content of the callus of leaf was 12 times higher than that measured in the seeds extract. However, it decreased as the calli aged. Decrease in the TQ content of the callus was accompanied with an increase in its phenolic content and antioxidant ability. Studies on the inflamed rat mix glial cells revealed significant reduction in the nitric oxide production in the presence of 0.2 to 1.6 mg/ml of callus extract and 1.25 to 20 μl/ml of the seed extracts. However, the extent of the effects is modified assumingly due to the presence of the other existing substances in the extracts.
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Hosseini M, Karkhane AA, Yakhchali B, Shamsara M, Aminzadeh S, Morshedi D, Haghbeen K, Torktaz I, Karimi E, Safari Z. In Silico and Experimental Characterization of Chimeric Bacillus thermocatenulatus Lipase with the Complete Conserved Pentapeptide of Candida rugosa Lipase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 169:773-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Babashpour S, Aminzadeh S, Farrokhi N, Karkhane A, Haghbeen K. Characterization of a chitinase (Chit62) from Serratia marcescens B4A and its efficacy as a bioshield against plant fungal pathogens. Biochem Genet 2012; 50:722-35. [PMID: 22555558 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-012-9515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases have been suggested to be involved in pathogen-antagonist interaction during biological control progress of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, a recombinant bacterial chitinase originally from Serratia marcescens B4A was produced, purified, and assayed biochemically to ascertain the activity and determine the kinetics parameters. Active enzyme was used to determine its biocontrol features against fungal phytopathogens. The results demonstrated that the optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 6.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The K(m) and V(max) values were 3.30 mg ml(-1) and 0.92 units, respectively. The recombinant chitinase was demonstrated to be highly active in controlling fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Babashpour
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15 Tehran-Karaj Highway, PO Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
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Farhadi S, Haghbeen K, Marefatjo MJ, Hoor MG, Zahiri HS, Rahimi K. Anionic peroxidase production by Arnebia euchroma callus. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:456-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moshtaghioun SM, Haghbeen K, Lotfi Sahebghadam A, Legge RL, Khoshneviszadeh R, Farhadi S. Direct Spectrophotometric Assay of Laccase Using Diazo Derivatives of Guaiacol. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4200-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200501w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Moshtaghioun
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Lotfi Sahebghadam
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raymond L. Legge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Rabea Khoshneviszadeh
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Farhadi
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 149651/161, Tehran, Iran
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Gheibi N, Saboury A, Haghbeen K, Rajaei F, Pahlevan A. Dual effects of aliphatic carboxylic acids on cresolase and catecholase reactions of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:1076-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802632658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Saboury AA, Zolghadri S, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 21:711-7. [PMID: 17252944 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600810787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) have been investigated at two temperatures of 20 and 30 degrees C in 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, pHs 5.3 and 6.8. The results show that benzenethiol can inhibit both activities of mushroom tyrosinase competitively. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase activity is more than the catecholase activity of MT. The inhibition constant (K(i)) value at pH 5.3 is smaller than that at pH 6.8 for both enzyme activities. However, the K(i) value increases in cresolase activity and decreases in catecholase activity due to the increase of temperature from 20 to 30 degrees C at both pHs. Moreover, the effect of temperature on K(i) value is more at pH 6.8 for both cresolase and catecholase activities. The type of binding process is different in the two types of MT activities. The binding process for catecholase inhibition is only entropy driven, which means that the predominant interaction in the active site of the enzyme is hydrophobic, meanwhile the electrostatic interaction can be important for cresolase inhibition due to the enthalpy driven binding process. Fluorescence and circular studies also show a minor change in the tertiary structure, without any change in the secondary structure, of the enzyme due to the electrostatic interaction in cresolase inhibition by benzenethiol at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Alijanianzadeh M, Saboury AA, Mansuri-Torshizi H, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of some new synthesized xanthates on mushroom tyrosinase activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 22:239-46. [PMID: 17518352 DOI: 10.1080/14756360601114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three iso-alkyldithiocarbonates (xanthates), as sodium salts, C3H7OCS2Na (I), C4H9OCS2Na (II) and C5H11OCS2Na (III), were synthesized, by the reaction between CS2 with the corresponding iso-alcohol in the presence of NaOH, and examined for inhibition of both cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from a commercial source of Agricus bisporus. 4-[(4-methylbenzo)azo]-1,2-benzendiol (MeBACat) and 4-[(4-methylphenyl)azo]-phenol (MePAPh) were used as synthetic substrates for the enzyme for the catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed different patterns of mixed and competitive inhibition for the three xanthates and also for cresolase and catecholase activities of MT. For cresolase activity, I and II showed a mixed inhibition pattern but III showed a competitive inhibition pattern. For catecholase activity, I showed mixed inhibition but II and III showed competitive inhibition. These new synthesized compounds are potent inhibitors of MT with K(i) values of 9.8, 7.2 and 6.1 microM for cresolase inhibitory activity, and also 12.9, 21.8 and 42.2 microM for catecholase inhibitory activity for I, II and III, respectively. They showed a greater inhibitory potency towards the cresolase activity of MT. Both substrate and inhibitor can be bound to the enzyme with negative cooperativity between the binding sites (alpha > 1) and this negative cooperativity increases with increasing length of the aliphatic tail in these compounds in both cresolase and catecholase activities. The cresolase inhibition is related to the chelating of the copper ions at the active site by a negative head group (S-) of the anion xanthate, which leads to similar values of K(i) for all three xanthates. Different K(i) values for catecholase inhibition are related to different interactions of the aliphatic chains of I, II and III with hydrophobic pockets in the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alijanianzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gheibi N, Saboury AA, Mansuri-Torshizi H, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibition effect of some n-alkyl dithiocarbamates on mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:393-9. [PMID: 16206836 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new n-alkyl dithiocarbamate compounds, as sodium salts, C4H9NHCS2Na (I), C6H13NHCS2Na (II) and C8H17NHCS2Na (III), were synthesized and examined for inhibition of both cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from a commercial source of Agaricus bisporus in 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.8, at 293K using UV spectrophotometry. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were used as natural substrates for the enzyme for the catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed different patterns of mixed and competitive inhibition for catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. These new synthetic compounds can be classified as potent inhibitors of MT due to Ki values of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.8 microM for cresolase inhibitory activity, and also 9.4, 14.5 and 28.1 microM for catecholase inhibitory activity for I, II and III, respectively. They showed a greater potency in the inhibitory effect towards the cresolase activity of MT. Both substrate and inhibitor can be bound to the enzyme with negative cooperativity between the binding sites (alpha > 1) and this negative cooperativity increases with increasing length of the aliphatic tail in these compounds. The inhibition mechanism is presumably related to the chelating of the binuclear coppers at the active site and the different Ki values may be related to different interaction of the aliphatic chains of I, II and III with the hydrophobic pocket in the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gheibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Nematpour FS, Haghbeen K, Khalili Ba M, Rastgar Ja F, Nouraeen O, Baharloui M. The Banana Pulp Polyphenol Oxidase is a Tyrosinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.526.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rahimi K, Haghbeen K, Marefatjo J, Rastgar J F, Sheikhani R. Successful Production of Hairy Root of Valeriana sisymbriifolium by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2008.200.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gheibi N, Saboury AA, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Activity and structural changes of mushroom tyrosinase induced by n-alkyl sulfates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 45:104-7. [PMID: 16144759 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Catecholase activity and structural changes of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) were studied in the presence of some n-alkyl sulfate derivatives. Experiments showed that MT reached its optimal activity in the presence of 1.5, 0.6, and 0.2 mM of sodium n-octyl sulfate (SOS), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium n-tetradecyl sulfate (STS), respectively. Native and incubated MT with the n-alkyl sulfates were also investigated from structural point of view by far-UV circular dichroism (CD) and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. At the above mentioned concentrations of SOS, SDS, and STS no change in the secondary structure of MT was observed. However, changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme due to the presence of n-alkyl sulfates were obvious. Results of this research indicate that n-alkyl sulfate with longer chain induces greater conformational changes in MT, hence, can activate it at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gheibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The thermodynamical stability and remained activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from Agaricus bisporus in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, stored at two temperatures of 4 and 40 degrees C were investigated in the presence of three different amino acids (His, Phe and Asp) and also trehalose as osmolytes, for comparing with the results obtained in the absence of any additive. Kinetics of inactivation obey the first order law. Inactivation rate constant (kinact) value is the best parameter describing effect of osmolytes on kinetic stability of the enzyme. Trehalose and His have the smallest value of kinact (0.7x10(-4) s-1) in comparison with their absence (2.5x10(-4) s-1). Moreover, to obtain effect of these four osmolytes on thermodynamical stability of the enzyme, protein denaturation by dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and thermal scanning was investigated. Sigmoidal denaturation curves were analysed according to the two states model of Pace theory to find the Gibbs free energy change of denaturation process in aqueous solution at room temperature, as a very good thermodynamic criterion indicating stability of the protein. Although His, Phe and Asp induced constriction of MT tertiary structure, its secondary structure had not any change and the result was a chemical and thermal stabilization of MT. The enzyme shows a proper coincidence of thermodynamic and structural changes with the presence of trehalose. Thus, among the four osmolytes, trehalose is an exceptional protein stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gheibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Saboury AA, Atri MS, Sanati MH, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Haghbeen K. Effects of calcium binding on the structure and stability of human growth hormone. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:305-9. [PMID: 16102809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis of calcium ions binding to human growth hormone (hGH) was done at 27 degrees C in NaCl solution, 50 mM, using different techniques. The binding isotherm for hGH-Ca2+ was obtained by two techniques of ionmetry, using a Ca(2+)-selective membrane electrode, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Results obtained by two ionmetric and calorimetric methods are in good agreement. There is a set of three identical and non-interacting binding sites for calcium ions. The intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constant and the molar enthalpy of binding are 52 microM and -17.4 kJ/mol, respectively. Temperature scanning UV-vis spectroscopy was applied to elucidate the effect of Ca2+ binding on the protein stability, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to show the structural change of hGH due to the metal ion interaction. Calcium ions binding increase the protein thermal stability by increasing of the alpha helix content as well as decreasing of both beta and random coil structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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Haghbeen K, Saboury AA, Karbassi F. Substrate share in the suicide inactivation of mushroom tyrosinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1675:139-46. [PMID: 15535977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To address the real cause of the suicide inactivation of mushroom tyrosinase (MT), under in vitro conditions, cresolase and catecholase reactions of this enzyme were investigated in the presence of three different pairs of substrates, which had been selected for their structural specifications. It was showed that the cresolase activity is more vulnerable to the inactivation. Acetylation of the free tyrosyl residues of MT did not cure susceptibility of the cresolase activity, but clearly decreased the inactivation rate of MT in the presence of 4-[(4-methylbenzo)azo]-1,2-benzenediol (MeBACat) as a catecholase substrate. Considering the results of the previous works and this research, some different possible reasons for the suicide inactivation of MT have been discussed. Accordingly, it was proposed that the interruption in the conformational changes in the tertiary and quaternary structures of MT, triggered by the substrate then mediated by the solvent molecules, might be the real reason for the suicide inactivation of the enzyme. However, minor causes like the toxic effect of the ortho-quinones on the protein body of the enzyme or the oxidation of some free tyrosyl residues on the surface of the enzyme by itself, which could boost the inactivation rate, should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamahldin Haghbeen
- The National Research Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
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Saboury AA, Karbassi F, Haghbeen K, Ranjbar B, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Farzami B. Stability, structural and suicide inactivation changes of Mushroom tyrosinase after acetylation by N-acetylimidazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2004; 34:257-62. [PMID: 15374682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modification (acetylation) of Tyr residues with N-acetylimidazole protects outstandingly mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from the suicide inactivation in the presence of its catecholic substrate, 4-[(4-methylbenzo) azo]-1,2-benzenediol. UV spectrophotometric experiments and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicated a decrease in kinetic stability of the enzyme alongside with increase in its thermal stability as well as its stability against n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide as a denaturizing agent. Pace analysis resulted in standard Gibbs free energy values of 46.54 and 52.09 kJ/mol in the absence of denaturant for native and modified enzyme, respectively. Structural studies by circular dichroism (CD) spectrophotometry showed that modification did not have major impact on the secondary structure of MT; however, induced some changes in its tertiary structure. The near-UV CD results revealed that the modification had enhanced intramolecular van der Waals interactions in the enzyme structure, which was in coincidence with its thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Shareefi Borojerdi S, Haghbeen K, Asghar Karkhane A, Fazli M, Saboury AA. Successful resonance Raman study of cresolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:925-30. [PMID: 14751220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mono-oxygenase (cresolase) activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) in the presence of 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-benzenesulfonamide (HPABS) was successfully studied by resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy. HPABS is a synthetic competitive inhibitor (K(i)=7.17 x 10(-6)M) for the cresolase activity with a large extinction coefficient at 365 nm. Upon reacting with MT, HPABS produced an enzyme-inhibitor (EI) complex with sufficiently long life span. Analyzing the ensuing spectrum indicates that the azo tautomer of HPABS binds to the enzyme and retains its geometrical isomeric form in the EI complex. The observed changes in the rR spectrum of HPABS after binding to MT support the idea that an electrophilic attack on the inhibitor has happened. Similar experiments were designed for studying the oxidase activity of MT. However, the enzymatic reaction, even in the presence of 4-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo]-1,2-benzenediols was still fast enough to tan the reaction solution quickly and render its rR spectrum impregnable background.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shareefi Borojerdi
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Haghbeen K, Wue Tan E. Direct spectrophotometric assay of monooxygenase and oxidase activities of mushroom tyrosinase in the presence of synthetic and natural substrates. Anal Biochem 2003; 312:23-32. [PMID: 12479831 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alternative substrates were synthesized to allow direct and continuous spectrophotometric assay of both monooxygenase (cresolase) and oxidase (catecholase) activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT). Using diazo derivatives of phenol, 4-[(4-methoxybenzo)azo]-phenol, 4-[(4-methylphenyl)azo]-phenol, 4-(phenylazo)-phenol, and 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-benzenesulfonamide, and diazo derivatives of catechol 4-[(4-methylbenzo)azo]-1,2-benzenediol, 4-(phenylazo)-1,2-benzenediol, and 4-[(4-sulfonamido)azo]-1,2 benzenediol (SACat), as substrates allows measurement of the rates of the corresponding enzymatic reactions through recording of the depletion rates of substrates at their lambda(max)(s) with the least interference of the intermediates' or products' absorption. Parallel attempts using natural compounds, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, as substrates for assaying both activities of MT were comparable approaches. Based on the ensuing data, the electronic effect of the substituent on the substrate activity and the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate are reviewed. Kinetic parameters extracted from the corresponding Lineweaver-Burk plots and advantages of these substrates over the previously used substrates in similar assays of tyrosinases are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
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