1
|
Deepa P, Hong M, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. A Review of the Role of an Anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3- O- β-glucoside in Obesity-Related Complications. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3889. [PMID: 38005786 PMCID: PMC10675560 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health issue worldwide and obese individuals possess higher levels of adipose tissue when compared with healthy individuals. Obesity is highly associated with the development of different chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, etc. Previous studies established that anthocyanin compounds play an important role in attenuating obesity-related consequences. Among various anthocyanin compounds, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) is the most important component and is widely distributed in various colored edible plant materials, especially berries, cherries, black rice, purple corn, etc. In recent decades, several studies have reported the therapeutical properties of C3G. C3G has various biological properties and health benefits, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, anticancer, etc. In this review, we summarized the in vitro and in vivo studies in relation to the role of C3G in obesity-related complications. Several mechanistic studies demonstrated that C3G maintains the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and lipids by regulating different genes and signaling pathways. It could be concluded that the consumption of C3G protects healthy individuals from obesity-related issues by maintaining body weight and regulating their metabolism and energy balance. This review provides some important signaling pathways/targets of C3G to facilitate the prevention and treatment of obesity, leading to the development of important food supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong M, Kim M, Jang H, Bo S, Deepa P, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Multivariate Analysis of Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia annua L. Collected from Different Locations in Korea. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031131. [PMID: 36770797 PMCID: PMC9920137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is distributed throughout the world and it is an important medicinal plant in Korea to treat various human diseases. Recently, A. annua has also been considered to be an effective ethnobotanical drug against COVID-19. A. annua contains an appreciable amount of essential oil with different biological properties. However, the composition of essential oils in aromatic plants can be varied depending on several factors, including geographic, genetic, ecological, etc. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the chemical diversity of essential oils of Korean A. annua collected from different locations in Korea by multivariate analysis. For this purpose, the seeds of A. annua were collected from 112 different locations in Korea and were grown under the same environmental conditions. Except for nine individuals which decayed during the cultivation, essential oils were isolated from the aerial parts of 103 A. annua individuals (AEOs) using the steam distillation extraction method, and their chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed to distinguish the difference between 103 individuals of A. annua based on their essential oil compositions. The yield of A. annua essential oils ranged from 0.04 to 1.09% (v/w). Based on the GC-MS data, A. annua individuals were grouped into six chemotypes such as artemisia ketone, camphor, β-cubebene, eucalyptol, α-pinene, and β-selinene. The multivariate analysis results revealed that Korean A. annua could be largely grouped into three clusters such as artemisia ketone, eucalyptol, and β-selinene. Among 35 components selected for principal component analysis (PCA), PC1, PC2, and PC3 accounted for 82.55%, 8.74%, and 3.62%, respectively. Although all individuals of A. annua were cultivated under the same environmental conditions, there is an intraspecific chemical diversity that exists within Korean native species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejung Jang
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sela Bo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6447
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim M, Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim S. Variations in the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Native Populations of Korean Thyme, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Molecules 2022; 27:7203. [PMID: 36364030 PMCID: PMC9658411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) contains numerous medicinally important species. Among them, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. has been extensively utilized as a traditional medicine and a food flavoring agent in the Korean peninsula, owing to its unique aroma. In particular, T. quinquecostatus has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, inflammation, stomach problems, liver disease, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, and menstrual problems. This study aimed to investigate the chemical diversity of essential oils among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. For this purpose, seedlings of T. quinquecostatus populations were purchased from different regions in the Korean Peninsula, and seedlings were grown in the experimental field under the same environmental conditions. The chemical compositions of steam-distilled essential oils were determined using GC-MS. In total, 212 components were identified from 103 populations of T. quinquecostatus. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to understand variations in the essential oil compositions among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. According to the essential oil compositions, 30 components were selected for PCA. Based on the most abundant essential oil components, four chemotypes were identified in T. quinquecostatus populations. PCA and cluster analyses revealed that 103 individuals of T. quinquecostatus could be classified into four clusters, such as thymol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, and linalool. Furthermore, dendrogram construction demonstrated that geraniol and geranyl acetate, as well as linalool and thymol groups, were closely related. This study suggested the significant chemical polymorphism of essential oils in local populations of T. quinquecostatus in Korea. It could be concluded that the intraspecific variations in the essential oil compositions may be associated with genetic diversity among the individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim KM, Kim SY, Mony TJ, Bae HJ, Choi SH, Choi YY, An JY, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Sowndhararajan K, Park SJ. Moringa concanensis L. Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β in BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101217. [PMID: 36297328 PMCID: PMC9610696 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, dry skin and redness on the face and inside elbows or knees. Most patients with AD are children and youths, but it can also develop in adults. In the therapeutic aspect, treatment with corticosteroids for AD has several side effects, such as weight loss, atrophy and acne. In the current study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Moringa concanensis leaves on HaCaT keratinocytes and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in BALB/c mice. We observed that M. concanensis treatment exhibited significant inhibition in the production of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, in LPS-induced HaCaT keratinocytes by downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, M. concanensis inhibited the activation of JNK, AP-1 and p65, which resulted in the deformation of NLRP3 in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. In mice with DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions, the administration of M. concanensis ameliorated the clinical symptoms, such as the dermatitis score, thickness of lesional ear skin and TEWL. Furthermore, M. concanensis could attenuate the activation of the immune system, such as reducing the spleen index, concentration of the IgE levels and expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ear tissues. Therefore, our results suggest that M. concanensis exerts anti-atopic dermatitis effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6441
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong M, Jang H, Bo S, Kim M, Deepa P, Park J, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Changes in Human Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to Agastache rugosa Essential Oil Exposure. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070238. [PMID: 35877308 PMCID: PMC9311756 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant and its aerial parts have a pleasant fragrance. A. rugosa leaves are used as an ingredient in salads and soups for enhancing the aroma and taste of foods in Korea. However, there is no report on the influence of the aroma of A. rugosa on human psychophysiological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to the essential oil of Korean A. rugosa on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The essential oil of A. rugosa was isolated using steam distillation extraction and its composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. In the EEG study, 38 healthy volunteers (19 men and 19 women) participated. The EEG readings were analyzed for 25 EEG indices from 29 electrodes placed on the scalp according to the international 10–20 system. The major component in the essential oil of A. rugosa was estragole (89.49%) followed by D-limonene (3.40%), menthone (1.80%), and pulegone (1.86%). In the EEG study, significant decreases in absolute theta (AT) and relative theta (RT) power spectra were observed during the exposure to A. rugosa essential oil when compared to that of no odor exposure. Whereas relative alpha (RA), relative slow alpha (RSA), spectral edge frequency 50% (SEF50), and spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha (ASEF) power spectra values significantly increased. These results reveal that the EEG power spectra changes incurred during the exposure to the essential oil of A. rugosa may be associated with the enhancement of freshness and concentration states of the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Sela Bo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jiyea Park
- Bigsome Inc., 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6447
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim M, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134251. [PMID: 35807496 PMCID: PMC9268194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. (Korean name: bak-ri-hyang) is an important medicinal and aromatic herb in Korea, which is named for the spread of its fragrance over a distance of approximately 40 km. In traditional Korean systems of medicine, T. quinquecostatus has been used to treat cancer, constipation, hepatic disease, arteriosclerosis, poor circulation in women, constipation, and menstrual irregularities. At present, T. quinquecostatus is used only for ornamental and ground cover purposes. A literature search was conducted to retrieve information regarding the essential oil composition and biological properties of T. quinquecostatus from PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, and other literature databases. T. quinquecostatus can be divided into different chemotypes, such as γ-terpinene, thymol, phenol, carvacrol, and geraniol, according to the presence of major components in its essential oil. Further, the essential oil from T. quinquecostatus has been reported to possess various therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sleep prolonging, soothing, skin protection and whitening, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and anti-acne properties. In conclusion, this review will be helpful for utilizing the T. quinquecostatus plant in different industries including food, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfumery, and cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6447
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SY, Hong M, Kim TH, Lee KY, Park SJ, Hong SH, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Liverwort ( Marchantia polymorpha L.) and Racomitrium Moss ( Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid.) Growing in Korea. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102075. [PMID: 34685885 PMCID: PMC8541563 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes contain a variety of bioactive metabolites, but studies about the anti-inflammatory effect of bryophytes are meager. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of Marchantia polymorpha L. (liverwort) and Racomitrium canescens (Racomitrium moss) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of liverwort and Racomitrium moss, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced HaCaT cells were measured. The methanol extract of liverwort and Racomitrium moss significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in HaCaT cells. When compared with Racomitrium moss extract, pre-treatment with methanol extract of liverwort markedly inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with the exception of TNF-α. Further, liverwort extract markedly attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the culture medium. In addition, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions obtained from the methanol extract of liverwort showed remarkable inhibitory activity against the production of NO in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. The LC-MS data revealed the presence of bisbibenzyl types of bioactive components in the methanol extract of liverwort. These data demonstrate that liverwort extract exhibits effective inhibitory activity against the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and may be useful for the treatment of inflammation-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon-do Agriculture Research and Experiment Services, Chuncheon 24203, Korea
| | - Ki Yeon Lee
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon-do Agriculture Research and Experiment Services, Chuncheon 24203, Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, India
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-422-2642095 (K.S.); +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.)
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-422-2642095 (K.S.); +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang X, Cheng J, Yao B, Lu H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Song X, Sowndhararajan K, Qiang S. Polyploidy‐promoted phenolic metabolism confers the increased competitive ability of
Solidago canadensis. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jiliang Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Beibei Yao
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | | | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kim JH, Song JE, Kim M, Kim S. Chemical components of male and female flowers of Schisandra chinensis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Kim M, Moon JC, Kim S, Sowndhararajan K. Morphological, Chemical, and Genetic Characteristics of Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang ( Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060289. [PMID: 32481500 PMCID: PMC7344789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bak-ri-hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant in Korea. T. quinquecostatus population and is always mixed with other thyme cultivars during cultivation and marketing. Hence, this study aimed to determine the genetic variability and the essential oil composition of three Korean native thyme, T. quinquecostatus cultivars collected from the Wolchul, Jiri, and Odae mountains, in comparison with six commercial thyme cultivars (T. vulgaris), to distinguish Bak-ri-hyang from other thyme cultivars. The composition of essential oils obtained from nine individuals was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was accomplished using 16 different primers. The GC–MS analysis revealed that Wolchul, creeping, golden, and orange cultivars belong to the geraniol chemotype. Whereas the Odae, lemon, and silver cultivars belong to the thymol chemotype. Further, linalool was the most abundant component in carpet and Jiri cultivars. The RAPD analysis demonstrated that all thyme cultivars showed characteristic RAPD patterns that allowed their identification. In total, 133 bands were obtained using 16 primers, and 124 bands were polymorphic, corresponding to 93.2% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of RAPD markers established the presence of clear separation from nine thyme cultivars. The highest dissimilarity and similarity coefficient of the RAPD markers were 0.58 and 0.98, respectively. According to the RAPD patterns, the nine thyme cultivars could be divided into two major clusters. Among three Korean cultivars, the Wolchul and Odae cultivars were placed into the same cluster, but they did not show identical clustering with their essential oil compositions. The findings of the present study suggest that RAPD analysis can be a useful tool for marker-assisted identification of T. quinquecostatus from other Thymus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Jun-Cheol Moon
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.); +91-422-2642095 (K.S.)
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.); +91-422-2642095 (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim M, Chhoeun TB, Kim T, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. The gender variation on the electroencephalographic activity in response to the exposure of black pepper essential oil from Kampong Cham, Cambodia. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Tith Bun Chhoeun
- Department of Agronomy Kampong Cham National School of Agriculture Kampong Cham Cambodia
| | - Taehee Kim
- Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services Agro‐Food Research Institute Chuncheon Korea
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim M, Song J, Nishi K, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Changes in the Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to Odors Produced by Organic Compounds. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Volatile organic compounds are widely used to manufacture various products in addition to research purposes. They play an important role in the air quality of outdoor and indoor with a pleasant or unpleasant odor. It is well known that the odor of chemicals with different structures can affect brain functions differently. In general, organic compounds are mainly characterized by their functional groups. Acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile are widely used laboratory chemicals with the same methyl group, but different functional groups. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate whether the exposure of these four chemicals (10%) exhibits the same electroencephalographic (EEG) activity or different. For this purpose, the EEG was recorded in 20 male healthy volunteers. The EEG was recorded from 32 electrodes located on the scalp, based on the International 10–20 system with modified combinatorial nomenclature. The results indicated that tested subjects are less sensitive to acetic acid odor than other three chemicals. The absolute theta activity significantly increased at Cp5 and F8 regions, and the relative mid-beta (RMB) significantly decreased at Fc1 region during the exposure of acetic acid. On the other hand, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile produced EEG changes in many indices such as relative theta, relative gamma, relative high beta, relative beta, relative slow beta, the ratio of alpha to high beta, and spectral edge frequencies. However, there was no significant change in the absolute wave activity. Although acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile odors affected almost similar EEG indices, they exhibited changes in different brain regions. The variations in the EEG activity of these chemicals may be due to the activation of different olfactory receptors, odor characteristics, and structural arrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Department of Bioscience, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Gangwon Perfume Alchemy Ltd. Co., Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bae HJ, Sowndhararajan K, Park HB, Kim SY, Kim S, Kim DH, Choi JW, Jang DS, Ryu JH, Park SJ. Danshensu attenuates scopolamine and amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairments through the activation of PKA-CREB signaling in mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104537. [PMID: 31425745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important chronic neurodegenerative disorder and is mainly associated with cognitive dysfunction. At present, bioactive compounds from traditional medicinal plants have received much attention for the enhancement of cognitive function. Danshensu, a phenolic acid isolated from herbal medicines, has various pharmacological activities in the central nervous system, including anxiolytic-like and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of danshensu on scopolamine- and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Danshensu (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) effectively ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice, as measured in passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. In a mechanistic study, danshensu inhibited monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity but not MAO-B. Additionally, danshensu treatment increased the dopamine level and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), in the cortex of the brain. Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of danshensu against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was fully blocked by H89, a PKA inhibitor. Finally, danshensu also ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in an animal model of AD. The results revealed that danshensu treatment significantly improved scopolamine and Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in mice by facilitation of dopamine signaling cascade such as PKA and CREB due to MAO-A inhibition. Thus, danshensu could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hyeon-Bae Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences and Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deepa P, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S, Park SJ. A role of Ficus species in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 215:210-232. [PMID: 29305899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common global health concerns, with a rapidly increasing incidence. A variety of medicinal plants, particularly those belonging to the genus Ficus (Moraceae), and their active compounds have been used to treat diabetes and related chronic disorders since ancient times. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to provide information regarding traditional and scientific knowledge of Ficus species with antidiabetic activity to researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the antidiabetic properties of Ficus from the electronic databases. Common and scientific names of various Ficus species were used as keywords for the search, along with the terms antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and diabetes. RESULTS Among the assorted species of Ficus that were included in our search, F. benghalensis, F. carica, F. glomerata, F. glumosa, F. racemosa, and F. religiosa exhibited remarkable antidiabetic properties with various mechanisms of action. Moreover, Ficus species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin E. These extracts and isolated compounds significantly have enhanced insulin secretion and subsequently reduced blood glucose level in various in vivo studies. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the antidiabetic potentials of the genus Ficus, including pharmacological studies with mechanisms of action as well as ethnobotanical uses. This review can help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kim M, Deepa P, Park SJ, Kim S. Application of the P300 Event-Related Potential in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy Disorder: A Review. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86020010. [PMID: 29587468 PMCID: PMC6027667 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most serious chronical neurological disorders, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. It can be defined as a spectrum disorder, and patients with epilepsy possess abnormalities in cognitive functions. A number of factors can cause cognitive dysfunctions in epileptic syndromes, including etiology, the age of onset, type of seizure and severity, duration, and antiepileptic drugs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are very useful clinical and research instruments to evaluate cognitive function in patients with neuropsychiatry disorders. Event-related potentials directly reflect cortical neuronal activity and provide a particular level of temporal resolution. Among various ERP components, the P300 is the most important component for assessing cognitive processes such as attention, working memory, and concentration. Numerous studies have reported the abnormalities in amplitude or latency of P300 component of ERP in epileptic patients, and these abnormalities are indicative of cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to consolidate the existing literature in connection with the use of P300 in epileptic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
- Gangwon Perfume Alchemy Ltd., Co., Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim M, Sowndhararajan K, Park SJ, Kim S. Effect of inhalation of isomers, (+)-α-pinene and (+)-β-pinene on human electroencephalographic activity according to gender difference. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim M, Park SJ, Kim S. An overview of neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement properties of lignans from Schisandra chinensis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:958-968. [PMID: 29136774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruits have been traditionally used for thousands of years in Korea, China and Japan to treat various ailments. The fruits contain a variety of bioactive metabolites, especially lignan components have been reported to have various biological activities and have potential in the treatment of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The lignans from S. chinensis are mainly grouped under dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. Previous studies have reported that the crude extracts and the isolated pure lignan components effectively protect the neuronal cell damage and significantly enhance the cognitive performances. The experimental findings support the extracts and lignan components from S. chinensis can be used as new therapeutic agents to treat various neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we highlight the lignans from S. chinensis as promising resources for the development of natural and effective agents for neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects. The lignan extracts and individual compounds from S. chinensis were summarized in relation to their neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim M, Park SJ, Kim S. Baicalein as a potent neuroprotective agent: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1021-1032. [PMID: 28922719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, neurodegenerative diseases are the most challenging global health problems. Neuronal cell death or damage is a key factor for many neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in the development of effective neuroprotective agents, especially from natural sources. In particular, phytochemicals have shown high efficacy with low side effects in various in vitro and in vivo studies. In the various phytoconstituents, flavonoids are important bioactive products and mainly found in various vegetables and fruits. Among them, baicalein is one of the important flavones, which is mainly found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. A number of studies have reported that baicalein has potent neuroprotective properties under in vitro as well as in vivo systems. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature in connection with the neuroprotective effects of baicalein and its molecular mechanisms of action. The current review highlights could be useful to identify novel therapeutic agents in relation to the treatment of neurotoxicity-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sowndhararajan K, Seo M, Kim M, Kim H, Kim S. Effect of essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide extract from the root of Angelica gigas on human EEG activity. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 28:161-168. [PMID: 28779924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation of essential oil (EO) and supercritical carbon dioxide extract (SC-CO2) from the root of A. gigas on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, the EO was obtained from the root of A. gigas by steam distillation and SC-CO2 was obtained at 50 °C and 400 bar for 1 h. The EEG readings were recorded using the QEEG-8 system from 8 electrode sites according to the International 10-20 system. RESULTS In the EEG study, the absolute low beta (left temporal and left parietal) activity significantly increased during the inhalation of EO. In the case of SC-CO2 inhalation, there was no significant change in absolute waves. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the EO of A. gigas root produced significant changes in the absolute low beta activity and these changes may enhance the language learning abilities of human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Agro-Food Research Institute, Gangwondo Agriculture Research and Extension Services, Chuncheon 24203, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Influence of Fragrances on Human Psychophysiological Activity: With Special Reference to Human Electroencephalographic Response. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:724-751. [PMID: 27916830 PMCID: PMC5198031 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm84040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of fragrances such as perfumes and room fresheners on the psychophysiological activities of humans has been known for a long time, and its significance is gradually increasing in the medicinal and cosmetic industries. A fragrance consists of volatile chemicals with a molecular weight of less than 300 Da that humans perceive through the olfactory system. In humans, about 300 active olfactory receptor genes are devoted to detecting thousands of different fragrance molecules through a large family of olfactory receptors of a diverse protein sequence. The sense of smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and working capacity. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that various fragrances affected spontaneous brain activities and cognitive functions, which are measured by an electroencephalograph (EEG). The EEG is a good temporal measure of responses in the central nervous system and it provides information about the physiological state of the brain both in health and disease. The EEG power spectrum is classified into different frequency bands such as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz), and each band is correlated with different features of brain states. A quantitative EEG uses computer software to provide the topographic mapping of the brain activity in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital brain regions. It is well known that decreases of alpha and beta activities and increases of delta and theta activities are associated with brain pathology and general cognitive decline. In the last few decades, many scientific studies were conducted to investigate the effect of inhalation of aroma on human brain functions. The studies have suggested a significant role for olfactory stimulation in the alteration of cognition, mood, and social behavior. This review aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the influence of fragrances on the psychophysiological activities of humans with special reference to EEG changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sowndhararajan K, Santhanam R, Hong S, Jhoo JW, Kim S. Suppressive effects of acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sowndhararajan K, Cho H, Yu B, Song J, Kim S. Effect of inhalation of essential oil from Inula helenium L. root on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the human brain. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Sowndhararajan K, Cho H, Yu B, Kim S. Comparison of essential oil compositions of fresh and dried fruits of Magnolia kobus DC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.60420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Choi HJ, Sowndhararajan K, Cho NG, Hwang KH, Koo SJ, Kim S. Evaluation of Herbicidal Potential of Essential Oils and their Components under In vitro and Greenhouse Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5660/wts.2015.4.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Sowndhararajan K, Cho H, Yu B, Kim S. Effect of olfactory stimulation of isomeric aroma compounds, (+)-limonene and terpinolene on human electroencephalographic activity. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Liew S, Chin N, Yusof Y, Sowndhararajan K. Comparison of Acidic and Enzymatic Pectin Extraction from Passion Fruit Peels and Its Gel Properties. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.Q. Liew
- Department of Process and Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - N.L. Chin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Y.A. Yusof
- Department of Process and Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - K. Sowndhararajan
- Department of Process and Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong S, Sowndhararajan K, Joo T, Lim C, Cho H, Kim S, Kim GY, Jhoo JW. Ethanol and supercritical fluid extracts of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) increase gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(15)30012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
28
|
Sowndhararajan K, Hong S, Jhoo JW, Kim S, Chin NL. Effect of acetone extract from stem bark of Acacia species (A. dealbata, A. ferruginea and A. leucophloea) on antioxidant enzymes status in hydrogen peroxide-induced HepG2 cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:685-91. [PMID: 26586994 PMCID: PMC4625419 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia species are multipurpose trees, widely used in the traditional systems of medicine to treat various ailments. The major objective of the present study was to determine the gene expression of enzymatic antioxidants by acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species (Acacia dealbata, Acacia ferruginea and Acacia leucophloea) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase containing copper-zinc (CuZnSOD)/manganese (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in HepG2 cells was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results of antioxidant enzyme expression in real-time PCR study revealed that the H2O2 (200 μM) challenged HepG2 cells reduced the expression of enzymes such as SOD, GPx and CAT. However, the cells pre-treated with acetone extracts of all the three Acacia species significantly (P > 0.05) up-regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes in a concentration dependent manner (25, 50 and 75 μg/mL). In conclusion, the findings of our study demonstrated that the acetone extract of Acacia species effectively inhibited H2O2 mediated oxidative stress and may be useful as a therapeutic agent in preventing oxidative stress mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jhoo
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyuk Ling Chin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sowndhararajan K, Paul S, Kwon GS, Hwang CW, Kang SC. Protective effect of polyamine extract of salt stressed and sprouted soybean seeds against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
30
|
Joo T, Sowndhararajan K, Hong S, Lee J, Park SY, Kim S, Jhoo JW. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by stem bark of Ulmus pumila L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:427-35. [PMID: 25313277 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate and identify a potent inhibitory compound against nitric oxide (NO) production from the stem bark of Ulmus pumila L. Ethyl acetate fraction of hot water extract registered a higher level of total phenolics (756.93 mg GAE/g) and also showed strong DPPH (IC50 at 5.6 μg/mL) and ABTS (TEAC value 0.9703) radical scavenging activities than other fractions. Crude extract and its fractions significantly decreased nitrite accumulation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells indicating that they potentially inhibited the NO production in a concentration dependent manner. Based on higher inhibitory activity, the ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and yielded seven fractions and all these fractions registered appreciable levels of inhibitory activity on NO production. The most effective fraction F1 was further purified and subjected to (1)H, (13)C-NMR and mass spectrometry analysis and the compound was identified as icariside E4. The results suggest that the U. pumila extract and the isolated compound icariside E4 effectively inhibited the NO production and may be useful in preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive production of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Joo
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Kangwon National University, Department of Biological Environment, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehak Lee
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- CodeBio Co., Ltd, Seobuk-gu Busong 72-14, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-815, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- Kangwon National University, Department of Biological Environment, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jhoo
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee J, Sowndhararajan K, Kim M, Kim J, Kim D, Kim S, Kim GY, Kim S, Jhoo JW. Antioxidant, inhibition of α-glucosidase and suppression of nitric oxide production in LPS-induced murine macrophages by different fractions of Actinidia arguta stem. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:532-8. [PMID: 25473361 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional systems of medicine, fruits, leaves, and stems of Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. have been used to treat various inflammatory diseases. The present study determined the proximate composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic potential of A. arguta stem. Phenolic composition of hot water extract and its sub-fractions was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent method. In vitro antioxidant activities of the samples were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions was investigated through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/ml) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity of hot water extract was determined using p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as a substrate. Ethyl acetate (557.23 mg GAE/g) fraction contains higher level of total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay showed a strong activity for ethyl acetate (IC50 of 14.28 μg/ml) and n-butanol fractions (IC50 of 48.27 μg/ml). Further, ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than other fractions (nitrite level to 32.14 μM at 200 μg/ml). In addition, hot water extract of A. arguta stem exhibited appreciable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 of 1.71 mg/ml. The obtained results have important consequence of using A. arguta stem toward the development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Lee
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Kangwon National University, Department of Biological Environment, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihae Kim
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Kim
- Ildong Foodis Co., Ltd., R&D Center, #1153 Geodoo-ri, Dongnae-myun, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-881, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Ildong Foodis Co., Ltd., R&D Center, #1153 Geodoo-ri, Dongnae-myun, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-881, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunpyo Kim
- Ildong Foodis Co., Ltd., R&D Center, #1153 Geodoo-ri, Dongnae-myun, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-881, Republic of Korea
| | - Gur-Yoo Kim
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- Kangwon National University, Department of Biological Environment, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jhoo
- Kangwon National University, Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sowndhararajan K, Chin NL. Antioxidant and Anti-ulcer Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Merremia Tridentata (L.) Hallier F. Root. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
33
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kang SC. Free radical scavenging activity from different extracts of leaves of Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:319-25. [PMID: 24235867 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine phenolic content and antioxidant activities of chloroform, acetone, methanol and hot water extracts of Bauhinia vahlii leaves. The hot water extract afforded the highest yield (6.3%) while the lowest yield was obtained from the chloroform extract (2.1%). The methanol extract contains higher levels of total phenolics (48.7 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g extract), tannins (21.7 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g extract) and flavonoids (10.3 ± 0.2 RE/100 g extract). The extracts were subjected to assess their antioxidant potential using various in vitro systems such as DPPH(•), ABTS(•+), FRAP, OH(•), β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching system, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe(2+) chelation. It is concluded that the methanolic extract of B. vahlii leaves have strong antioxidant potential. Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidants, which may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kang SC. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia ferruginea DC. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148:175-181. [PMID: 23608239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional systems of medicine, stem bark of Acacia ferruginea DC. is used for the treatment of itching, leucoderma, ulcers, stomatitis and diseases of the blood. In the present study, we determined antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities of Acacia ferruginea stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetone extract and its sub-fractions of Acacia ferruginea stem bark were subjected to assess their antioxidant potential using various in vitro systems such as DPPH(•), ABTS(•+) scavenging, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum reduction activities. Based on the antioxidant potential, the ethyl acetate fraction was used to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol-induced gastric damage in rat model. Enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase and lipid peroxidation were also determined in the stomach tissues. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction (AFE) of Acacia ferruginea stem bark registered higher antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities than the crude acetone extract and other fractions. In addition, AFE exhibited that the IC50 values of DPPH (2.5µg/ml) and ABTS (1.8µg/ml) were lower when compared to the standard quercetin (12.4µg/ml and 4.7µg/ml, respectively). In ethanol induced gastric ulcer, administration of AFE at doses of 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight prior to ethanol ingestion significantly protected the stomach ulceration. Consequently significant changes were observed in enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO in the stomach tissues when compared with ethanol control group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia ferruginea stem bark possessed higher antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Based on the results, we suggest that Acacia ferruginea stem bark has potential to provide a therapeutic approach to ethanol mediated ulcer as an effective anti-ulcer agent.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sowndhararajan K, Marimuthu S, Manian S. Integrated control of blister blight disease in tea using the biocontrol agent Ochrobactrum anthropi strain BMO-111 with chemical fungicides. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1491-9. [PMID: 23414338 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed to evaluate the integration of Ochrobactrum anthropi BMO-111 and chemical fungicides (copper oxychloride and hexaconazole) against blister blight disease of tea. METHODS AND RESULTS Application of the liquid culture of O. anthropi BMO-111 (36-h-old culture broth) was found to be effective in combined sprays with individual chemical fungicides (copper oxychloride and hexaconazole). Spray application of O. anthropi BMO-111 to tea bushes improved the biochemical parameters such as the levels of chlorophyll, polyphenols, and catechins in the harvestable tea shoots. Moreover, in the microplot and large scale trials, the integrated treatment of every two O. anthropi BMO-111 sprays followed by a single fungicides spray was found to be more efficient than the stand alone O. anthropi BMO-111 or chemicals sprays. Further, pathogenicity study employing Swiss albino mice showed no mortality in the test animals when challenged with O. anthropi BMO-111 through oral, intravenous and intranasal routes. CONCLUSIONS The field trials clearly established that O. anthropi BMO-111 has capability to reduce incidence in integrated management of blister blight disease of tea and safe to use in the field. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results indicate that O. anthropi BMO-111 can be used as an agricultural input in the integrated crop protection systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sowndhararajan K, Joseph JM, Manian S. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of IndianAcacias:Acacia Leucophloea(Roxb.) Willd.,Acacia FerrugineaDc.,Acacia DealbataLink. andAcacia Pennata(L.) Willd. International Journal of Food Properties 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.604895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- a Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Jince Mary Joseph
- a Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sellamuthu Manian
- a Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sowndhararajan K, Kang SC. Evaluation of in vitro free radical scavenging potential of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 culture filtrate. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:227-33. [PMID: 23961239 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the free radical scavenging potential of culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1. Antioxidant activity of culture filtrate, lyophilized culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 was determined by various in vitro assays such as ferric reducing power assay, phosphomolybdenum reduction, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The results revealed that the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 effectively scavenged DPPH (IC50 90.2 μl/ml) and ABTS (IC50 13.2 μl/ml) radicals in a concentration dependent manner. In all the assays, ethyl acetate extract registered higher antioxidant activity when compared with the lyophilized culture filtrate (LCF). In addition, ethyl acetate extract (1123.4 μmole Fe(II)/mg extract) exhibited higher ferric reducing activity than the standard BHA (814.4 μmole Fe(II)/mg extract). Further works are needed on the isolation and identification of antioxidant molecules from the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 culture filtrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sowndhararajan K, Marimuthu S, Manian S. Biocontrol potential of phylloplane bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi BMO-111 against blister blight disease of tea. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:209-18. [PMID: 23020645 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was carried out to screen the phylloplane bacteria from tea for antagonism against grey blight caused by Pestalotiopsis theae and blister bight caused by Exobasidium vexans and to further evaluate the efficient isolates for disease control potential under field condition. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 316 morphologically different phylloplane bacteria were isolated. Among the antagonists, the isolates designated as BMO-075, BMO-111 and BMO-147 exhibited maximum inhibitory activity against both the pathogens under in vitro conditions and hence were selected for further evaluation under microplot field trial. Foliar application of 36-h-old culture of BMO-111 (1 × 10(8) colony-forming units ml(-1) ) significantly reduced the blister blight disease incidence than the other isolates. The culture of BMO-111 as well as its culture filtrate effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of various fungal plant pathogens. The isolate BMO-111 was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on the morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that the biocontrol agent O. anthropi BMO-111 was effective against blister blight disease of tea. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Further study is required to demonstrate the mechanism of its action and formulation for the biocontrol potential against blister blight disease of tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sowndhararajan K, Siddhuraju P, Manian S. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of the underutilized legume, Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Joseph JM, Sowndhararajan K, Manian S. Protective effects of methanolic extract of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. against experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131:216-219. [PMID: 20558267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the whole plants of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastroprotective potential of the Hedyotis puberula methanol extract (200 and 400mg/kg body weight) was studied on indomethacin (IND), ethanol and pyloric ligation (PL)-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. RESULTS The treatment with Hedyotis puberula extract at 400mg/kg p.o. protected the rats against the ulceration which was comparable to the reference drug omeprazole. Pretreatment with extract protected rats from gastric lesion development by way of increased pH and decreased volume, acidity and pepsin content of gastric secretion. Furthermore, total carbohydrate: protein ratio of the gastric juice were noticeably increased in pretreated rats. CONCLUSION Results of our study showed that Hedyotis puberula possess significant gastroprotective activity and validate the folklore claim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jince Mary Joseph
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sowndhararajan K, Joseph JM, Arunachalam K, Manian S. Evaluation of Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. for in vitro antioxidant activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
42
|
Joseph JM, Sowndhararajan K, Manian S. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. in experimental animal models. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1876-80. [PMID: 20417244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. is used for the treatment of several ailments in the traditional system of medicine. In the present study, the methanol extract of the whole plant (200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose dependent manner. The analgesic effect, evaluated in mice in hot plate as well as acetic acid-induced writhings, were higher than the standard drugs pentazocine (30 mg/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively. Further, the methanol extract at the dose of 400mg/kg produced significant inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema and reduced the weight of granuloma in cotton pellet-induced granuloma pouch model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jince Mary Joseph
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|