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Ugovšek S, Rehberger Likozar A, Levstek T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Zupan J, Šebeštjen M. Haplotype of the Lipoprotein(a) Gene Variants rs10455872 and rs3798220 Is Associated with Parameters of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, and Inflammation in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and Highly Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Values. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:736. [PMID: 38255810 PMCID: PMC10815733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for future coronary events. Variants rs10455872 and rs3798220 in the gene encoding Lp(a) are associated with an increased Lp(a) concentration and risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to determine whether in high-risk coronary artery disease patients these two genetic variants and the kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats are associated with impairment of inflammatory and hemostatic parameters. Patients after myocardial infarction with elevated Lp(a) levels were included. Blood samples underwent biochemical and genetic analyses. In carriers of the AC haplotype, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (4.46 vs. 3.91 ng/L, p = 0.046) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p = 0.026) were significantly higher compared to non-carriers. The number of KIV-2 repeats was significantly associated with the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.251, p = 0.038) and overall fibrinolytic potential (r = -0.253, p = 0.038). In our patients, a direct association between the AC haplotype and both TNF-α and PAI-1 levels was observed. Our study shows that the number of KIV-2 repeats not only affects proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory effects of Lp(a) but is also associated with its antifibrinolytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ugovšek
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Rehberger Likozar
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tina Levstek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (K.T.P.)
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (K.T.P.)
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jensterle M, Janež A, Vipotnik Vesnaver T, Debeljak M, Breznik N, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Herman R, Fliers E, Battelino T, Avbelj Stefanija M. Case Report: Multiple prolactinomas in a young man with Kallmann syndrome and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1248231. [PMID: 37964948 PMCID: PMC10642931 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1248231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The occurrence of prolactinomas in sex hormone treated patients with central hypogonadism is extremely rare. Case presentation We present a Caucasian male patient who was diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome (KS) at age 15 years. Testosterone treatment was started. At age 26 the patient presented with mild headache. MRI revealed two separate pituitary adenomas along with the absence of the olfactory bulbs. Given the presence of marked hyperprolactinemia (17x upper limit of the reference range) the diagnosis prolactinoma was made and treatment with cabergoline was started which resulted in a complete biochemical response and in marked reduction of both adenomas in size. Hypogonadism persisted and testosterone replacement therapy was continued. Genetic testing of genes associated with pituitary tumors, Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was negative. Mild concomitant hypercalcemia in accordance with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) prompted mutation analysis of the calcium receptor (CASR) gene which yielded a pathogenic inactivating variant. Discussion/conclusion The presence of two separate prolactinomas in a patient with KS has not yet been reported in the literature. The effect of sex hormone treatment of KS patients on the possible development of prolactinoma is unknown at present. The occurance of multiple prolactinomas in our patient suggests increased susceptibility. Although CaSR is expressed in GnRH neurons in mouse brain and CaSR deficient mice have a reduced hypothalamic GnRH neuronal population, the relevance of the CASR gene variant in our patient for the KS phenotype is unclear at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Vipotnik Vesnaver
- Clinical Institute of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Breznik
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Klemenčič S, Lipovšek JK, Turin A, Dovč K, Bratina N, Shmueli-Goetz Y, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Repič Lampret B, Jenko Bizjan B, Karakatič S, Battelino T, Drobnič Radobuljac M. Attachment in close relationships and glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:121. [PMID: 37848951 PMCID: PMC10583356 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine whether child attachment to parents, parent attachment style, and morning cortisol levels were related to diabetes outcomes measured by average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HbA1c variability over 4 years and time in range (TIR) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 101 children with T1D and one of their parents were assessed at baseline for child attachment (Child Attachment Interview; CAI) and parent attachment (Relationship Structures Questionnaire; ECR-RS). Serum samples were collected for cortisol measurements before the interviews. HbA1c levels were measured during a 4-year follow-up period at regular 3-monthly visits, and data for TIR were exported from blood glucose measuring devices. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to identify independent predictors of glycemic outcomes. RESULTS More girls than boys exhibited secure attachment to their mothers. The results of the regression models showed that securely attached girls (CAI) had higher average HbA1c than did insecurely attached girls (B = -0.64, p = 0.03). In boys, the more insecure the parent's attachment style, the worse the child's glycemic outcome: the higher the average Hb1Ac (B = 0.51, p = 0.005), the higher the HbA1c variability (B = 0.017, p = 0.011), and the lower the TIR (B = -8.543, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Attachment in close relationships is associated with glycemic outcomes in children with T1D, and we observed significant differences between sexes. A sex- and attachment-specific approach is recommended when treating children with less favorable glycemic outcomes. Special attention and tailored support should be offered to securely attached girls in transferring responsibility for diabetes care and at least to male children of insecurely attached parents to prevent suboptimal glycemic control. Further studies in larger samples and more daily cortisol measurements may help us better understand the links between stress response, attachment and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Klemenčič
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva Ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jasna Klara Lipovšek
- Centre for Mental Health, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Turin
- Centre for Mental Health, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dovč
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva Ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva Ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yael Shmueli-Goetz
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families and Psychoanalysis Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbka Repič Lampret
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Karakatič
- Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva Ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Drobnič Radobuljac
- Centre for Mental Health, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Kotnik P. Special Issue "Genetics and Epigenetics in Endocrine Disorders". Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1763. [PMID: 37761903 PMCID: PMC10530912 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the development of high-throughput sequencing methodologies has significantly improved the gathering of genomic information and consequent under-standing of the genetic and epigenetic background of complex and monogenetic endocrine disorders [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva Ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Chair of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jonard L, Brotto D, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Del Castillo I, Kremer H, Pennings R, Caria H, Fialho G, Boudewyns A, Van Camp G, Ołdak M, Oziębło D, Deggouj N, De Siati RD, Gasparini P, Girotto G, Verstreken M, Dossena S, Roesch S, Battelino S, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Warnecke A, Lenarz T, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Mondain M, Roux AF, Denoyelle F, Loundon N, Serey Gaut M, Trevisi P, Rubinato E, Martini A, Marlin S. Genetic Evaluation of Prelingual Hearing Impairment: Recommendations of an European Network for Genetic Hearing Impairment. Audiol Res 2023; 13:341-346. [PMID: 37218840 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres13030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of childhood hearing impairment (excluding infectious pathology of the middle ear) can be extrinsic (embryofoetopathy, meningitis, trauma, drug ototoxicity, noise trauma, etc [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Jonard
- Centre de Référence «Surdités Génétiques», Fédération de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Audiologie (CREA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Davide Brotto
- ENT Unit, Neurosciences Department, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Ramón y Cajal deInvestigaciones Sani-tarias (IRYCIS), Genetics Department, University hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Ramón y Cajal deInvestigaciones Sani-tarias (IRYCIS), Genetics Department, University hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Human Genetics, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pennings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Human Genetics, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Caria
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Department, CIIAS-School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal
| | - Graça Fialho
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - An Boudewyns
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2000 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naïma Deggouj
- ENT Department, UCLouvain, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc-Brussels, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Paolo Gasparini
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Ma-ternal and Child Health (IRCCS) "Burlo Garofolo", Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Ma-ternal and Child Health (IRCCS) "Burlo Garofolo", Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Roesch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Anke Lesinski-Schiedat
- Medical Head German Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michel Mondain
- ENT Department, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, INSERM UMR 1120, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Natalie Loundon
- Centre de Référence «Surdités Génétiques», Fédération de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Audiologie (CREA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, INSERM UMR 1120, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Margaux Serey Gaut
- Centre de Référence «Surdités Génétiques», Fédération de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Audiologie (CREA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrizia Trevisi
- ENT Unit, Neurosciences Department, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubinato
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Ma-ternal and Child Health (IRCCS) "Burlo Garofolo", Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- ENT Unit, Neurosciences Department, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Centre de Référence «Surdités Génétiques», Fédération de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Audiologie (CREA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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Levstek T, Karun T, Rehberger Likozar A, Šebeštjen M, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Interplay between microRNAs, Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9), and Lipid Parameters in Patients with Very High Lipoprotein(a) Treated with PCSK9 Inhibitors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030632. [PMID: 36980904 PMCID: PMC10048228 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has an important function in the regulation of lipid metabolism. PCSK9 reduces hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors, thereby increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, its regulation remains to be elucidated, including post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). We aimed to explore the interplay between miRNAs, total serum PCSK9, and lipids during treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors. A total of 64 patients with stable coronary artery disease and very high lipoprotein(a) levels and 16 sex- and age-matched control subjects were enrolled. Patients received a PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab or alirocumab). Total serum PCSK9 levels were measured by immunoassay. RNA was isolated from plasma using magnetic beads, and expression of selected miRNAs was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Total serum PCSK9 levels were significantly higher in control subjects compared with patients. After 6 months of treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors, total serum PCSK9 levels increased significantly. The expression of miR-191-5p was significantly lower, and the expression of miR-224-5p and miR-483-5p was significantly higher in patients compared with control subjects. Using linear regression, the expression of miR-483-5p significantly predicted the serum PCSK9 level at baseline. After the 6-month period of therapy, the expression of miR-191-5p and miR-483-5p significantly increased. Our results support a role for miR-483-5p in regulating circulating PCSK9 in vivo. The difference in expression of miR-191-5p, miR-224-5p, and miR-337-3p between patients and control subjects suggests their possible role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Karun
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Rehberger Likozar
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Levstek T, Vujkovac B, Cokan Vujkovac A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Urinary-derived extracellular vesicles reveal a distinct microRNA signature associated with the development and progression of Fabry nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143905. [PMID: 37035314 PMCID: PMC10076752 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early initiation is essential for successful treatment of Fabry disease, but sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of Fabry nephropathy are lacking. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) represent a promising source of biomarkers of kidney involvement. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that contribute to the development and progression of various kidney diseases. We aimed to identify uEV-derived miRNAs involved in the development and/or progression of Fabry nephropathy. Methods Patients with genetically confirmed Fabry disease and matched control subjects were included. EVs were isolated from the second morning urine by size exclusion chromatography, from which miRNAs were extracted. miRNA urine exosome PCR panels were used to characterize the miRNA signature in a discovery cohort. Individual qPCRs were performed on a validation cohort that included chronological samples. We identified the target genes of dysregulated miRNAs and searched for potential hub genes. Enrichment analyses were performed to identify their potential function. Results The expression of miR-21-5p and miR-222-3p was significantly higher in patients with stable renal function and those with progressive nephropathy compared with the corresponding controls. In addition, the expression of miR-30a-5p, miR-10b-5p, and miR-204-5p was significantly lower in patients with progressive nephropathy, however, in the chronological samples, this was only confirmed for miR-204-5p. Some of the identified hub genes controlled by the dysregulated miRNAs have been associated with kidney impairment in other kidney diseases. Conclusion The miRNA cargo in uEVs changes with the development and progression of Fabry nephropathy and, therefore, represents a potential biomarker that may provide a new option to prevent or attenuate the progression of nephropathy. Furthermore, dysregulated miRNAs were shown to be potentially associated with pathophysiological pathways in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Vujkovac
- Centre for Fabry Disease, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | | | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek,
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8
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Zajec A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Tesovnik T, Šket R, Čugalj Kern B, Jenko Bizjan B, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Battelino T, Kovač J. Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Established Facts and New Insights. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040706. [PMID: 35456512 PMCID: PMC9032728 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, and genetics plays a major role in the development of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, these processes are heterogeneous among individuals; hence, different endotypes have been proposed. In this review, we highlight the interplay between genetic predisposition and other non-genetic factors, such as viral infections, diet, and gut biome, which all potentially contribute to the aetiology of T1D. We also discuss a possible active role for β-cells in initiating the pathological processes. Another component in T1D predisposition is epigenetic influences, which represent a link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and may account for some of the disease heterogeneity. Accordingly, a shift towards personalized therapies may improve the treatment results and, therefore, result in better outcomes for individuals in the long-run. There is also a clear need for a better understanding of the preclinical phases of T1D and finding new predictive biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and therapy, with the final goal of reverting or even preventing the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zajec
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Robert Šket
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Barbara Čugalj Kern
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Šmigoc Schweiger
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Rehberger Likozar A, Blinc A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Šebeštjen M. LPA Genotypes and Haplotypes Are Associated with Lipoprotein(a) Levels but Not Arterial Wall Properties in Stable Post-Coronary Event Patients with Very High Lipoprotein(a) Levels. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120181. [PMID: 34940537 PMCID: PMC8707421 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10455872, rs3798220) and number of KIV-2 repeats in the gene encoding Lp(a) (LPA) are associated with Lp(a) and CAD. Our aim was to investigate whether in patients with stable CAD and high Lp(a) levels these genetic variants are associated with increased Lp(a) and arterial wall properties. Blood samples underwent biochemical and genetic analyses. Ultrasound measurements for the functional and morphological properties of arterial wall were performed. Genotypes of rs10455872 and haplotypes AT and GT showed significant association with Lp(a) levels. Patients with GG showed significantly higher Lp(a) levels compared with those with AG genotype (2180 vs. 1391 mg/L, p = 0.045). Patients with no AT haplotype had significantly higher Lp(a) compared to carriers of one AT haplotype (2158 vs. 1478 mg/L, p = 0.023) or two AT haplotypes (2158 vs. 1487 mg/L, p = 0.044). There were no significant associations with the properties of the arterial wall. Lp(a) levels significantly correlated also with number of KIV-2 repeats (r = -0.601; p < 0.0001). In our patients, these two LPA polymorphisms and number of KIV-2 repeats are associated with Lp(a), but not arterial wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Rehberger Likozar
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.R.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleš Blinc
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.R.L.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.R.L.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5228541
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10
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Hovnik T, Debeljak M, Tekavčič Pompe M, Bertok S, Battelino T, Stirn Kranjc B, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Genetic Variability in Slovenian Cohort of Patients with Oculocutaneous Albinism. Acta Chim Slov 2021. [DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2021.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an inherited disorder affecting the visual system and skin pigmentation. Our aim was to evaluate genetic and clinical heterogeneity in a cohort of Slovenian paediatric patients with clinically suspected OCA using advanced molecular-genetics approach. In as much as 20 out of 25 patients, genetic variants explaining their clinical phenotype were identified. The great majority of patients (15/25) had genetic variants in TYR gene associated with OCA type 1, followed by variants in TYRP1, SLC45A2 and HPS1 genes causative for OCA3, OCA4 and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1, respectively. We concluded that OCA phenotype could not predict genotype and vice versa. Nevertheless, the diagnostic yield after targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was 80% and proved to be affective in our paediatric cohort of patients with various degree of OCA. Even in 16 patients with normal complexion the diagnostic yield was 62,5%. Interestingly, we have identified a patient of white European ancestry with OCA3, which is an extremely rare report, and one patient with OCA due to the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1.
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Hovnik T, Debeljak M, Tekavčič Pompe M, Bertok S, Battelino T, Stirn Kranjc B, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Genetic Variability in Slovenian Cohort of Patients with Oculocutaneous Albinism. Acta Chim Slov 2021; 68:683-692. [PMID: 34897530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an inherited disorder affecting the visual system and skin pigmentation. Our aim was to evaluate genetic and clinical heterogeneity in a cohort of Slovenian paediatric patients with clinically suspected OCA using advanced molecular-genetics approach. In as much as 20 out of 25 patients, genetic variants explaining their clinical phenotype were identified. The great majority of patients (15/25) had genetic variants in TYR gene associated with OCA type 1, followed by variants in TYRP1, SLC45A2 and HPS1 genes causative for OCA3, OCA4 and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1, respectively. We concluded that OCA phenotype could not predict genotype and vice versa. Nevertheless, the diagnostic yield after targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was 80% and proved to be affective in our paediatric cohort of patients with various degree of OCA. Even in 16 patients with normal complexion the diagnostic yield was 62,5%. Interestingly, we have identified a patient of white European ancestry with OCA3, which is an extremely rare report, and one patient with OCA due to the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1.
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12
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Bastard P, Orlova E, Sozaeva L, Lévy R, James A, Schmitt MM, Ochoa S, Kareva M, Rodina Y, Gervais A, Le Voyer T, Rosain J, Philippot Q, Neehus AL, Shaw E, Migaud M, Bizien L, Ekwall O, Berg S, Beccuti G, Ghizzoni L, Thiriez G, Pavot A, Goujard C, Frémond ML, Carter E, Rothenbuhler A, Linglart A, Mignot B, Comte A, Cheikh N, Hermine O, Breivik L, Husebye ES, Humbert S, Rohrlich P, Coaquette A, Vuoto F, Faure K, Mahlaoui N, Kotnik P, Battelino T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Kisand K, Ferré EM, DiMaggio T, Rosen LB, Burbelo PD, McIntyre M, Kann NY, Shcherbina A, Pavlova M, Kolodkina A, Holland SM, Zhang SY, Crow YJ, Notarangelo LD, Su HC, Abel L, Anderson MS, Jouanguy E, Neven B, Puel A, Casanova JL, Lionakis MS. Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210554. [PMID: 33890986 PMCID: PMC8077172 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with biallelic loss-of-function variants of AIRE suffer from autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) and produce a broad range of autoantibodies (auto-Abs), including circulating auto-Abs neutralizing most type I interferons (IFNs). These auto-Abs were recently reported to account for at least 10% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. We report 22 APS-1 patients from 21 kindreds in seven countries, aged between 8 and 48 yr and infected with SARS-CoV-2 since February 2020. The 21 patients tested had auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α subtypes and/or IFN-ω; one had anti-IFN-β and another anti-IFN-ε, but none had anti-IFN-κ. Strikingly, 19 patients (86%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, including 15 (68%) admitted to an intensive care unit, 11 (50%) who required mechanical ventilation, and four (18%) who died. Ambulatory disease in three patients (14%) was possibly accounted for by prior or early specific interventions. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in APS-1 patients confer a very high risk of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia at any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alyssa James
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Monica M. Schmitt
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sebastian Ochoa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Yulia Rodina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adrian Gervais
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Lucy Bizien
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Olov Ekwall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lucia Ghizzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gérard Thiriez
- Intensive Care Unit, Besançon Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Arthur Pavot
- Intensive Care Unit, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- Internal Medicine Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Edwin Carter
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anya Rothenbuhler
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Brigite Mignot
- Pediatric Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Aurélie Comte
- Pediatric Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Nathalie Cheikh
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Hematology department, University of Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lars Breivik
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Pierre Rohrlich
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Fanny Vuoto
- Infectious Disease Unit, Lille Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Infectious Disease Unit, Lille Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Primož Kotnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elise M.N. Ferré
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas DiMaggio
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lindsey B. Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter D. Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Nelli Y. Kann
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Pavlova
- Department of Endocrinology N°1, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Helen C. Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Levstek T, Redenšek S, Trošt M, Dolžan V, Podkrajšek KT. Assessment of the Telomere Length and Its Effect on the Symptomatology of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010137. [PMID: 33478114 PMCID: PMC7835735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, which are repetitive sequences that cap the end of the chromosomes, shorten with each cell division. Besides cellular aging, there are several other factors that influence telomere length (TL), in particular, oxidative stress and inflammation, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative brain diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). So far, the majority of studies have not demonstrated a significant difference in TL between PD patients and healthy individuals. However, studies investigating the effect of TL on the symptomatology and disease progression of PD are scarce, and thus, warranted. We analyzed TL of peripheral blood cells in a sample of 204 PD patients without concomitant autoimmune diseases and analyzed its association with several PD related phenotypes. Monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR (mmqPCR) was used to determine relative TL given as a ratio of the amount of DNA between the telomere and albumin as the housekeeping gene. We found a significant difference in the relative TL between PD patients with and without dementia, where shorter TL presented higher risk for dementia (p = 0.024). However, the correlation was not significant after adjustment for clinical factors (p = 0.509). We found no correlations between TLs and the dose of dopaminergic therapy when the analysis was adjusted for genetic variability in inflammatory or oxidative factors. In addition, TL influenced time to onset of motor complications after levodopa treatment initiation (p = 0.0134), but the association did not remain significant after adjustment for age at inclusion and disease duration (p = 0.0781). Based on the results of our study we conclude that TL contributes to certain PD-related phenotypes, although it may not have a major role in directing the course of the disease. Nevertheless, this expends currently limited knowledge regarding the association of the telomere attrition and the disease severity or motor complications in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (S.R.); (V.D.)
| | - Sara Redenšek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (S.R.); (V.D.)
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (S.R.); (V.D.)
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.L.); (S.R.); (V.D.)
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Drole Torkar A, Avbelj Stefanija M, Bertok S, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Debeljak M, Stirn Kranjc B, Battelino T, Kotnik P. Novel Insights Into Monogenic Obesity Syndrome Due to INPP5E Gene Variant: A Case Report of a Female Patient. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:581134. [PMID: 34211432 PMCID: PMC8241224 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.581134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A Caucasian girl with consanguineous parents presented with early severe obesity and retinal dystrophy. A novel, homozygous gene truncating variant (c.1897C>T) in the INPP5E gene confirmed the diagnosis of MORMS (OMIM #610156). A novel clinical finding in the presented syndrome is progressive cone-rod type retinal dystrophy diagnosed at the age of four months that progressed in the 1st decade of life. Severe obesity, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinism, and impaired glucose tolerance developed alongside other components of the metabolic syndrome - dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and obstructive hypopnea in sleep. At the age of 14 years, primary amenorrhea persists. The patient is managed by regular nutritional advice, metformin, antihypertensive medication, and non-invasive respiratory support during sleep. Differential diagnosis of this rare entity is discussed in extend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Drole Torkar
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Bertok
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Children’s Hospital, Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- University Children’s Hospital, Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branislava Stirn Kranjc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Eye Hospital, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Primož Kotnik,
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15
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Božanić Urbančič N, Battelino S, Tesovnik T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. The Importance of Early Genetic Diagnostics of Hearing Loss in Children. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:E471. [PMID: 32937936 PMCID: PMC7558651 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory deficits. It carries severe medical and social consequences, and therefore, universal newborn hearing screening was introduced at the beginning of this century. Affected patients can have hearing loss as a solitary deficit (non-syndromic hearing loss) or have other organs affected as well (syndromic hearing loss). In around 60% of cases, congenital hearing loss has a genetic etiology, where disease-causing variants can change any component of the hearing pathway. Genetic testing is usually performed by sequencing. Sanger sequencing enables analysis of the limited number of genes strictly preselected according to the clinical presentation and the prevalence among the hearing loss patients. In contrast, next-generation sequencing allows broad analysis of the numerous genes related to hearing loss, exome, or the whole genome. Identification of the genetic etiology is possible, and it makes the foundation for the genetic counselling in the family. Furthermore, it enables the identification of the comorbidities that may need a referral for specialty care, allows early treatment, helps with identification of candidates for cochlear implant, appropriate aversive/protective management, and is the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Božanić Urbančič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.T.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.T.); (K.T.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Hočevar L, Kovač J, Podkrajšek KT, Battelino S, Pavlič A. Dataset on amelogenesis-related genes variants ( ENAM and ENAM interacting genes) and on human leukocyte antigen alleles (DQ2 and DQ8) distribution in children with and without molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Data Brief 2020; 32:106224. [PMID: 32944598 PMCID: PMC7481823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All children, who were born in 2004 and had undergone surgical treatment for recurrent acute tonsillitis and/or acute otitis media at the ear, nose and throat clinic (ENT) between 2004 and 2010, were called on dental examination and blood sampling. Out of 441 invitees, 113 children and their parents/legal guardians agreed to participate. The following data from this group of subjects are presented: the presence of clinical signs of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles DQ2 and DQ8 and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in amelogenesis-related genes (rs3796704 in the ENAM gene, rs546778141 in the AMBN gene, rs2106416 in the AMELX gene, rs7660807 and rs35286445 in the AMTN gene, rs4870723 in the COL14A1 gene, rs2245803 in the MMP20 gene, and rs3828054 in the TUFT1 gene). Data on clinical signs of MIH were collected in accordance with the recommendation and on the proposed MIH clinical data recording sheet [1], and with appropriate preliminary training and calibration. Data on HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes and on SNPs of amelogenesis-related genes were obtained using DNA isolated from blood samples taken from subjects. The HLA DQ2 and DQ8 alleles were determined using the EliGene® Coeliac RT Kits (90,048-RT; Elisabeth Pharmacon spol. s.r.o., Brno-Židenice, Czech Republic) on a 7500 Fast RT-PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA, USA). The distributions of SNPs in the amelogenesis-related genes were determined using high resolution melting (HRM) using the Type-IT HRM Master Mix (Qiagen), TaqMan genotyping assays (ID: C__25766207_10; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with the TaqMan Universal Master Mix II, or Sanger sequencing using sequencing master mix BigDye® Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems) and ABI 3500 Genetic Analyser (Applied Biosystems). L. Hočevar, J. Kovač, K. Trebušak Podkrajšek, S. Battelino, A. Pavlič, 2020. The possible influence of genetic aetiological factors on molar-incisor hypomineralisation, Arch. Oral. Biol. 118, 104848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Hočevar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Pavlič
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.,Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Levstek T, Kozjek E, Dolžan V, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Telomere Attrition in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:219. [PMID: 32760251 PMCID: PMC7373805 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere attrition is increased in various disorders and is therefore a potential biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis of these disorders. The contribution of telomere attrition in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be fully elucidated. We are reviewing the current knowledge regarding the telomere biology in two common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, we are discussing future prospective of telomere research in these disorders. The majority of studies reported consistent evidence of the accelerated telomere attrition in AD patients, possibly in association with elevated oxidative stress levels. On the other hand in PD, various studies reported contradictory evidence regarding telomere attrition. Consequently, due to the low specificity and sensitivity, the clinical benefit of telomere length as a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease development and progression is not yet recognized. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies in large carefully selected cohorts might provide further elucidation of the complex involvement of the telomeres in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Telomere length maintenance is a complex process characterized by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic determinants. Thus, in addition to the selection of the study cohort, also the selection of analytical methods and types of biological samples for evaluation of the telomere attrition is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Kozjek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Kotnik Pirš A, Krivec U, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. The c.3140-26A>G Variant of the CFTR Gene in Homozygous State Causes Mild Cystic Fibrosis – Overview of Longitudinal Clinical Data of the Patient Managed in our CF Center and Review of the Literature. Acta Chim Slov 2020. [DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2019.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Kotnik Pirš A, Krivec U, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. The c.3140-26A>G Variant of the CFTR Gene in Homozygous State Causes Mild Cystic Fibrosis - Overview of Longitudinal Clinical Data of the Patient Managed in our CF Center and Review of the Literature. Acta Chim Slov 2020; 67:666-673. [PMID: 33855558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 70.000 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the world and numerous sequence variations in the CFTR gene have been reported but the clinical significance of all of them is still not known. There are currently 195 patients with the c.3140-26A>G (legacy name 3272-26A>G) variant in the CFTR gene listed in the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) and only 4 are homozygous. We present longitudinal clinical data of one of these patients who is managed in our CF Center at the University Children's Hospital in Ljubljana and compare it with the patient data from the ECFSPR and the CFTR2 database in which additional 3 homozygous patients are described. Moreover, the effect of the detected variant in the described patient was evaluated on the RNA level in nasal epithelial cells. The variant was shown to result in aberrant splicing introducing a frameshift and a premature termination codon while normal transcript was not detected. Alternative spliced mutant transcripts in other tissues or the presence of spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing could explain the mild clinical presentation of patients with this variant in homozygous state.
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20
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Kaleviste E, Rühlemann M, Kärner J, Haljasmägi L, Tserel L, Org E, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Battelino T, Bang C, Franke A, Peterson P, Kisand K. IL-22 Paucity in APECED Is Associated With Mucosal and Microbial Alterations in Oral Cavity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:838. [PMID: 32477345 PMCID: PMC7232598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is caused by recessive mutations in the AIRE gene. The hallmark of the disease is the production of highly neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons and IL-22. Considering the importance of IL-22 in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and shaping its microbial community, we sought to study potential changes in the oral cavity in this model of human IL-22 paucity. We found that besides known Th22 cell deficiency, APECED patients have significantly fewer circulating MAIT cells with potential IL-22 secreting capacity. Saliva samples from APECED patients revealed local inflammation, the presence of autoantibodies against IFN-α and IL-22, and alterations in the oral microbiota. Moreover, gene expression data of buccal biopsy samples suggested impaired antimicrobial response and cell proliferation, both of which are processes regulated by IL-22. Our data complement the knowledge gained from mouse models and support the concept of IL-22 being a critical homeostatic cytokine in human mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epp Kaleviste
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Malte Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jaanika Kärner
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elin Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Tesovnik T, Kovač J, Pohar K, Hudoklin S, Dovč K, Bratina N, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Debeljak M, Veranič P, Bosi E, Piemonti L, Ihan A, Battelino T. Extracellular Vesicles Derived Human-miRNAs Modulate the Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:202. [PMID: 32296701 PMCID: PMC7136501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles with their molecular cargo can modulate target cell response and may affect the pathogenesis of diseases. The extracellular vesicles containing micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which are often studied as disease biomarkers, but rarely as mediators of the disease development. The role of extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs in type 1 diabetes is currently not well established. We observed a fraction of blood plasma extracellular vesicles positive for membrane proteins potentially associated with insulin-producing beta-cells and identified differentially expressed extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs in individuals with type 1 diabetes. These differentially expressed extracellular vesicles derived human miRNAs in participants with type 1 diabetes and participants with Langerhans islets beta-cells destruction showed the ability to activate TLR7/8 signaling cascade and increase activation as well as cytotoxicity of the effector blood immune cells with cytokine and chemokine release. Our results illustrate extracellular vesicles derived human miRNAs as modulators of the immune system in type 1 diabetes autoimmunity, providing potentially new insight into the pathogenesis of the disease, and novel molecular targets for intervention and type 1 diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Tesovnik
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katka Pohar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dovč
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Prodan Žitnik I, Černe D, Mancini I, Simi L, Pazzagli M, Di Resta C, Podgornik H, Repič Lampret B, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Sipeky C, van Schaik R, Brandslund I, Vermeersch P, Schwab M, Marc J. Personalized laboratory medicine: a patient-centered future approach. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1981-1991. [PMID: 29990304 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to population-based medical decision making, which emphasizes the use of evidence-based treatment strategies for groups of patients, personalized medicine is based on optimizing treatment at the level of the individual patient. The creation of molecular profiles of individual patients was made possible by the advent of "omics" technologies, based on high throughput instrumental techniques in combination with biostatistics tools and artificial intelligence. The goal of personalized laboratory medicine is to use advanced technologies in the process of preventive, curative or palliative patient management. Personalized medicine does not rely on changes in concentration of a single molecular marker to make a therapeutic decision, but rather on changes of a profile of markers characterizing an individual patient's status, taking into account not only the expected response to treatment of the disease but also the expected response of the patient. Such medical approach promises a more effective diagnostics with more effective and safer treatment, as well as faster recovery and restoration of health and improved cost effectiveness. The laboratory medicine profession is aware of its key role in personalized medicine, but to empower the laboratories, at least an enhancement in cooperation between disciplines within laboratory medicine will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darko Černe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irene Mancini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Simi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Podgornik
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbka Repič Lampret
- Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ron van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, TheNetherlands
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Biochemistry Department, University of Southern Denmark and Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tesovnik T, Kovač J, Hovnik T, Dovč K, Bratina N, Battelino T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Association of Glycemic Control and Cell Stress With Telomere Attrition in Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:879-881. [PMID: 29931032 PMCID: PMC6143063 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study evaluates the association of glycemic control and associated cell stress with the telomere dynamics in a pediatric population with type 1 diabetes during a 7-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Tesovnik
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tinka Hovnik
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dovč
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bertok S, Dolžan V, Goričar K, Podkrajšek KT, Battelino T, Rener-Primec Z. The association of SCN1A p.Thr1067Ala polymorphism with epilepsy risk and the response to antiepileptic drugs in Slovenian children and adolescents with epilepsy. Seizure 2017; 51:9-13. [PMID: 28753467 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A mutations are involved in epileptogenesis and may be associated with different epilepsy phenotypes. The SCN1A channel is also an important antiepileptic drug (AED) target. The aim of this study was to investigate if the SCN1A c.3184A>G/p.Thr1067Ala polymorphism modifies the epilepsy risk or is associated with the responsiveness to AEDs in Slovenian children and adolescents with epilepsy. METHODS In total, 216 paediatric patients with epilepsy were consecutively recruited during routine outpatient follow-up visits between January 2011 and December 2014. All patients and 95 healthy controls, all Central European Caucasians, were genotyped for the SCN1A c.3184A>G/p.Thr1067Ala polymorphism. Clinical data on all patients were collected retrospectively. The response to AEDs was classified as seizure remission (a minimum of one year of seizure freedom before inclusion) or no remission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of genotypes with binary outcomes. RESULTS 114 patients (52.8%) had achieved remission, while 102 (47.2%) had failed to do so. Carriers of at least one polymorphic SCN1A c.3184A>G/p.Thr1067Ala G allele tended to have a lower epilepsy risk (OR=0.38, 95% CI=0.18-0.79, P=0.010) and were significantly more likely to achieve remission (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.16-3.46, P=0.013). Girls were less likely to achieve remission (P=0.055). Patients in remission tended to be older at first seizure in comparison to the group failing to achieve remission (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.99-1.14, P=0.099), but this association did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The polymorphic SCN1A c.3184A>G/p.Thr1067Ala G allele was associated with a lower risk of epilepsy and a higher remission rate in Slovenian children and adolescents with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertok
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zvonka Rener-Primec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kovač J, Klančar G, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Battelino S. Discovering the Unexpected with the Utilization of NGS in Diagnostics of Non-syndromic Hearing Loss Disorders: The Family Case of ILDR1-Dependent Hearing Loss Disorder. Front Genet 2017; 8:95. [PMID: 28713423 PMCID: PMC5491932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a heterogeneous family of hearing disabilities with congenital (including genetic) as well as acquired etiology. Congenital SNHL of genetic etiology is further sub-divided into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked SNHL. More than 60 genes are involved in the etiology of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) commonly manifesting as heterogeneous pre-lingual profound to severe non-progressive clinical phenotype. ILDR1-dependent ARNSHL (DFNB42, OMIM: # 609646) is a very rare sub-type of hearing disability, with unknown prevalence, caused by function-damaging genetic variants in ILDR1 gene reported in families of Middle-Eastern origin. ILDR1 (Immunoglobulin-Like Domain-containing Receptor 1) is involved in the development of semicircular canal, tricellular tight junction and auditory hair cells. An apparently non-consanguineous family of European ancestry with two affected siblings with profound progressive hearing loss characterized in their infancy and successfully treated with cochlear implants (CI) is presented. Genetic analysis of common ARNSHL genetic causes in the population of origin was negative, thus the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and family segregation analysis to identify underlying causative genetic variant was performed. Unexpectedly and atypical for the population of origin a homozygous non-sense variant ILDR1 c.942C > A (p.Cys314Ter) inherited from both heterozygous parents was identified in both patients. Contrary to the commonly reported phenotype, indices of a progressive hearing loss and potential compensatory mechanism of vestibular function were revealed with the analysis of clinical data. The utilization of NGS was demonstrated as an invaluable tool for the detection of atypical rare variants in diagnostics of unidentified hearing loss disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Kovač
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Klančar
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Bratanič N, Kovač J, Pohar K, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Ihan A, Battelino T, Avbelj Stefanija M. Multifocal gastric adenocarcinoma in a patient with LRBA deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:131. [PMID: 28720148 PMCID: PMC5516372 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide-responsive, beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency is characterized by primary immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Cancer may present another feature of LRBA deficiency. We describe a case history of a young adult with LRBA deficiency and two independent malignancies. Methods Family-trio whole exome sequencing with unbiased phenotype ontology approach was used for identification of causative mutations of a primary immune deficiency disorder. Additionally, we sought to identify germline mutations in genes known to be associated with two independent malignancies using a targeted approach. A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) expression in T lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Results In the patient with clinical signs of LRBA deficiency multifocal gastric carcinoma and malignant melanoma were diagnosed and surgically treated at 19 and 27 years of age, respectively. Despite refusal of any adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the patient demonstrated disease free survival for at least 13 years after the first cancer diagnosis. A homozygous frameshift deletion in LRBA gene (p.Glu946Ter) and two common variants in TYR gene were identified. Reduced CTLA4 expression in a subset of regulatory T lymphocytes was identified in the patient and his unaffected mother carrying a heterozygous LRBA mutation as compared to control in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This is the first description of gastric cancer and malignant melanoma in a young adult with LRBA deficiency. The role of LRBA gene knockout in cancer development and its prognosis remains to be elucidated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0682-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bratanič
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Bohoriceva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Vrazov trg 1, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katka Pohar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Vrazov trg 1, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Bohoriceva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, Bohoriceva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kovač J, Šutuš Temovski T, Rozmarič T, Horvat S, Beltram J, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Battelino T, Kotnik P. DEPTOR promoter genetic variants and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:152-158. [PMID: 26871578 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major metabolic complications of obesity in children and adolescents. DEP domain-containing mammalian target of rapamycin interacting protein (DEPTOR) is involved in downstream insulin signaling and DEPTOR's effects are regulated by its level of expression. OBJECTIVES To analyze promoter region of DEPTOR for genetic variants associated with altered IR in obese children and adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS IR was determined in 322 normoglycemic obese subjects [173 females, 149 males; mean age 13.3 ± 3.5 yr, mean BMI-SDS 2.85 ± 0.83, HbA1C 5.2 ± 0.2% (33 ± 2.5 mmol/mol)] using homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance [HOMA-IR (>2 prepubertal and >3 pubertal)] and whole body insulin sensitivity index [WBISI (<6.5 prepubertal and <4.5 pubertal)]. Genetic variants, determined by high resolution melting analysis, were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, whereas population allele distribution was determined by TaqMan genotyping probes. RESULTS Genetic variant c.-143T>C (rs7840156) was associated with a significant 2-fold decreased risk to present with IR, determined by HOMA-IR [odds ratio (OR) = 0.614, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.435-0.867, p = 0.0057) and WBISI (OR = 0.582, 95% CI = 0.414-0.817, p = 0.0018). The CC genotype had lower mean HOMA-IR value (2.47 ± 0.44 vs. 3.04 ± 0.14, p = 0.0177) and higher mean WBISI value (7.00 ± 0.71 vs. 5.27 ± 0.33, p = 0.0235) than TT genotype. Variant c.-143T>C was located in evolutionary highly conserved region in DEPTOR promoter region. CONCLUSION Presented results on association between insulin sensitivity and genetic variants in DEPTOR gene suggest DEPTOR and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway to be potential target for future research and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Kovač
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Šutuš Temovski
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Rozmarič
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Avbelj Stefanija M, Kotnik P, Bratanič N, Žerjav Tanšek M, Bertok S, Bratina N, Battelino T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Novel Mutations in HESX1 and PROP1 Genes in Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 84:153-8. [PMID: 26111865 DOI: 10.1159/000433468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The HESX1 gene is essential in forebrain development and pituitary organogenesis, and its mutations are the most commonly identified genetic cause of septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). The PROP1 gene is involved in anterior pituitary cell lineage specification and is commonly implicated in non-syndromic combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). We aimed to assess the involvement of HESX1 and PROP1 mutations in a cohort of patients with SOD and CPHD. METHODS Six patients with sporadic SOD and 16 patients with CPHD from 14 pedigrees were screened for mutations in HESX1 and PROP1 genes by exon sequencing. Half of the CPHD patients had variable associated clinical characteristics, such as hearing loss, orofacial cleft, kidney disorder or developmental delay. Novel variants were evaluated in silico and verified in SNP databases. RESULTS A novel heterozygous p.Glu102Gly mutation in the HESX1 gene and a novel homozygous p.Arg121Thr mutation in the PROP1 gene were detected in 2 pedigrees with CPHD. A small previously reported deletion in PROP1 c.301_302delAG was detected in a separate patient with CPHD, in heterozygous state. No mutations were identified in patients with SOD. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand the spectrum of mutations implicated in CPHD. The frequency of 15% of the PROP1 mutations in CPHD was low, likely due to the clinical heterogeneity of the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grošelj U, Žerjav Tanšek M, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Hovnik T, Battelino T, Vita D. Clinical Role of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency. Acta Chim Slov 2016; 63:33-7. [PMID: 26970786 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2015.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraadrenal enzymes such as CYP2C19 may participate in residual 21-hydroxylation of progesterone leading to milder phenotypes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Among 94 21OHD patients 28 were homozygous or compound heterozygous for severe CYP21A2 mutations. We have reviewed their clinical phenotype and obtained information on maintenance doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. All patients were genotyped for CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 alleles. Eleven patients with CYP2C19*1/*17 genotype had all salt-wasting 21OHD. Among 17 patients with CYP2C19 genotypes leading to normal or decreased CYP2C19 activity, 15 had salt-wasting, one had simple virilizing and one had non-classical 21OHD. CYP2C19*1/*17 genotype was associated with lower maintenance dose of fludrocortisone (p = 0.04), but not of hydrocortisone (p > 0.05). Increased CYP2C19 activity could slightly ameliorate mineralocorticoid deficiency in 21OHD.
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Klančar G, Grošelj U, Kovač J, Bratanič N, Bratina N, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Battelino T. Universal Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1250-1257. [PMID: 26361156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who are untreated have up to 100-fold elevated risk for cardiovascular complications compared with those who are unaffected. Data for identification of FH with a universal screening for hypercholesterolemia in children are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study sought genetic identification of FH from a cohort of children with elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration, detected in a national universal screening for hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Slovenian children born between 1989 and 2009 (n = 272) with TC >6 mmol/l (231.7 mg/dl) or >5 mmol/l (193.1 mg/dl) plus a family history positive for premature cardiovascular complications, identified in a national universal screening for hypercholesterolemia at 5 years of age were genotyped for variants in LDLR, PCSK9, APOB, and APOE. RESULTS Of the referred children, 57.0% carried disease-causing variants for FH: 38.6% in LDLR, 18.4% in APOB, and none in PCSK9. Nine novel disease-causing variants were identified, 8 in LDLR, and 1 in APOB. Of the remaining participants, 43.6% carried the APOE E4 isoform. Estimated detection rate of FH in the universal screening program from 2009 to 2013 was 53.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5% to 72.8%), peaking in 2013 with an upper estimated detection rate of 96.3%. Variants in LDLR, APOB, or the APOE E4 isoform occurred in 48.6%, 60.0%, and 76.5%, respectively, of patients with a family history negative for cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS Most participants who were referred from a national database of universal screening results for hypercholesterolemia had genetically confirmed FH. Data for family history may not suffice for reliable identification of patients through selective and cascade screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Klančar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urh Grošelj
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nevenka Bratanič
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hovnik T, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Kotnik P, Kovač J, Battelino T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Characterization of Children with Short Stature. Zdr Varst 2015; 54:98-102. [PMID: 27646915 PMCID: PMC4820174 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2015-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deficiency of SHOX gene (short stature homeobox-containing gene) has been recognized as the most frequent monogenetic cause of short stature. SHOX gene has been associated with short stature in Turner syndrome and Leri Weill dyschondrosteosis as well with non-syndromic idiopathic short stature. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SHOX deletions and mutations in a cohort of Slovenian children with short stature, and to delineate indications for routine SHOX gene mutation screening. Methods and results 40 selected subjects with idiopathic short stature were screened for entire SHOX gene deletion and for mutations in the SHOX gene coding region (exon 2 to 6), together with sequences flanking the exon-intron boundaries. FISH analysis on metaphase and interphase spreads revealed no entire gene deletion. Additionally, no pathogenic point mutations or smaller deletion/duplications were identified in this study group. Conclusions SHOX gene deletions and point mutations are not a common cause of idiopathic short stature in a cohort of Slovenian children with short stature. Therefore, the frequency of SHOX mutations must be much lower as expected based on the reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinka Hovnik
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Šmigoc Schweiger
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Meglič A, Perkovič-Benedik M, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Bertok S. Painful micturition in a small child: an unusual clinical picture of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:1643-6. [PMID: 24817410 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) is a rare autosomal dominant pain disorder linked to a mutation in the SCN9A gene, which encodes voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7. Abnormal pain sensitivity occurs because of changes in the properties of voltage-gated sodium channels. Different mutations in SCN9A and a spectrum of clinical expressions have been described. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT Here we describe a 3-year-old child with a rare clinical picture of PEPD. Extremely painful voiding had been present since the child's birth. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the SCN9A gene, c.554G>A (p.Arg185His) inherited paternally. The same mutation was also found in the girl's father, who has occasionally had some pain in his jaw while yawning since childhood. Significant reduction of the pain was achieved with carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS The case is interesting because the same mutation as that found in the girl and her father has been found in patients with small fiber sensory neuropathy. These data do not correlate with the clinical picture of our case and her father, but intra- and interfamily phenotypic diversity in symptoms associated with a gain-of-function variant of Na(V)1.7 are also described and may explain our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Meglič
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Division of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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Kovač J, Macedoni Lukšič M, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Klančar G, Battelino T. Rare single nucleotide polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of the superoxide dismutase genes in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2013; 7:138-44. [PMID: 24155217 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is suspected to be one of the several contributing factors in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed genes of the superoxide dismutase family (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) that are part of a major antioxidative stress system in human in order to detect the genetic variants contributing to the development of ASD. Using the optimized high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, we identified two rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the etiology of ASD. Both are located in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene and have a minor allele frequency in healthy population ~5%. The SNP c.239 + 34A>C (rs2234694) and SNP g.3341C>G (rs36233090) were detected with an odds ratio of 2.65 and P < 0.01. Both are located in the noncoding potentially regulatory regions of the SOD1 gene. This adds to the importance of rare SNPs in the etiology of complex diseases as well as to the importance of noncoding genetic variants analysis with a potential influence on the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Kovač
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, UMC Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hovnik T, Bratanič N, Podkrajšek KT, Kovač J, Paro D, Podnar T, Bratina N, Battelino T. Severe progressive obstructive cardiomyopathy and renal tubular dysfunction in Donohue syndrome with decreased insulin receptor autophosphorylation due to a novel INSR mutation. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1125-9. [PMID: 23229189 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism; OMIM *246200) is a rare, recessively inherited disorder of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene (INSR) causing either defects in insulin binding or receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity. We report a patient with pronounced clinical picture of leprechaunism who developed severe progressive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and renal tubular dysfunction which improved on continuous subcutaneous infusion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-I). INSR gene molecular analysis and insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation on cultured fibroblasts were performed. A novel homozygous missense mutation p.Leu795Pro was found, located in the extracellular portion of the β subunit of the insulin receptor. The post-binding defect of the insulin receptor signaling in cultured fibroblasts demonstrated decreased insulin receptor autophosphorylation. CONCLUSION Treatment with rhIGF-I partially reversed severe progressive HOCM and renal tubular dysfunction in a patient with Donohue syndrome associated with a novel p.Leu795Pro INSR gene mutation causing a severe decrease in IR autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinka Hovnik
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Stirn Kranjc B, Hovnik T, Kovač J, Battelino T. GPR143 gene mutation analysis in pediatric patients with albinism. Ophthalmic Genet 2012; 33:167-70. [PMID: 22486324 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2011.559651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked ocular albinism type 1 is difficult to differentiate clinically from other forms of albinism in young patients. X-linked ocular albinism type 1 is caused by mutations in the GPR143 gene, encoding melanosome specific G-protein coupled receptor. Patients typically present with moderately to severely reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia, iris translucency, hypopigmentation of the retina, foveal hypoplasia and misrouting of optic nerve fibers at the chiasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following clinical ophthalmological evaluation, GPR143 gene mutational analyses were performed in a cohort of 15 pediatric male patients with clinical signs of albinism. RESULTS Three different mutations in the GPR143 gene were identified in four patients, including a novel c.886G>A (p.Gly296Arg) mutation occurring "de novo" and a novel intronic c.360 + 5G>A mutation, identified in two related boys. CONCLUSIONS Four patients with X-linked ocular albinism type 1 were identified from a cohort of 15 boys with clinical signs of albinism using mutation detection methods. Genetic analysis offers the possibility of early definitive diagnosis of ocular albinism type 1 in a significant portion of boys with clinical signs of albinism.
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Kisand K, Bøe Wolff AS, Podkrajšek KT, Tserel L, Link M, Kisand KV, Ersvaer E, Perheentupa J, Erichsen MM, Bratanic N, Meloni A, Cetani F, Perniola R, Ergun-Longmire B, Maclaren N, Krohn KJE, Pura M, Schalke B, Ströbel P, Leite MI, Battelino T, Husebye ES, Peterson P, Willcox N, Meager A. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines. J Exp Med 2010; 207:299-308. [PMID: 20123959 PMCID: PMC2822605 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is frequently associated with T cell immunodeficiencies. Specifically, the proinflammatory IL-17A-producing Th17 subset is implicated in protection against fungi at epithelial surfaces. In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, or autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1), CMC is often the first sign, but the underlying immunodeficiency is a long-standing puzzle. In contrast, the subsequent endocrine features are clearly autoimmune, resulting from defects in thymic self-tolerance induction caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE). We report severely reduced IL-17F and IL-22 responses to both Candida albicans antigens and polyclonal stimulation in APECED patients with CMC. Surprisingly, these reductions are strongly associated with neutralizing autoantibodies to IL-17F and IL-22, whereas responses were normal and autoantibodies infrequent in APECED patients without CMC. Our multicenter survey revealed neutralizing autoantibodies against IL-17A (41%), IL-17F (75%), and/ or IL-22 (91%) in >150 APECED patients, especially those with CMC. We independently found autoantibodies against these Th17-produced cytokines in rare thymoma patients with CMC. The autoantibodies preceded the CMC in all informative cases. We conclude that IL-22 and IL-17F are key natural defenders against CMC and that the immunodeficiency underlying CMC in both patient groups has an autoimmune basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Group and Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anette S. Bøe Wolff
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology Group and Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Link
- Molecular Pathology Group and Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle V. Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Group and Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elisabeth Ersvaer
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jaakko Perheentupa
- The Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Moter Erichsen
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Bratanic
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonella Meloni
- Pediatric Clinic II, Ospedale Microcitemico and Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filomena Cetani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Perniola
- Department of Paediatrics-Neonatal Intensive Care, V. Fazzi Regional Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | | | - Kai J. E. Krohn
- Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikuláš Pura
- Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, 03491 Lubochna, Slovakia
| | - Berthold Schalke
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Isabel Leite
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, England, UK
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Group and Immunology Group, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nick Willcox
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, England, UK
| | - Anthony Meager
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, EN6 3QG Hertfordshire, England, UK
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