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Hong J, Crawford K, Cavanagh E, da Silva Costa F, Kumar S. Placental growth factor and fetoplacental Doppler indices in combination predict preterm birth reliably in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:635-643. [PMID: 37820083 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between placental biomarkers (placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/PlGF ratio) and fetoplacental Doppler indices (umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and uterine artery (UtA) PI) in various combinations for predicting preterm birth (PTB) in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study, performed at Mater Mother's Hospital in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, from May 2022 to June 2023, of pregnancies complicated by FGR and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) pregnancies. Maternal serum PlGF levels, sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, UA-PI and UtA-PI were measured at 2-4-weekly intervals from recruitment until delivery. Harrell's concordance statistic (Harrell's C) was used to evaluate multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models featuring various combinations of placental biomarkers and fetoplacental Doppler indices to ascertain the best combination to predict PTB (< 37 weeks). Multivariable Cox regression models were used with biomarkers as time-varying covariates. RESULTS The study cohort included 320 singleton pregnancies, comprising 179 (55.9%) affected by FGR, defined according to a Delphi consensus, and 141 (44.1%) with an AGA fetus. In the FGR cohort, both low PlGF levels and elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were associated with significantly shorter time to PTB. Low PlGF was a better predictor of PTB than was either sFlt-1/PlGF ratio or a combination of PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (Harrell's C, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.79, respectively). Although both Doppler indices were significantly associated with time to PTB, in combination they were better predictors of PTB than was either UA-PI > 95th centile or UtA-PI > 95th centile alone (Harrell's C, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.76, respectively). Predictive utility for PTB was best when PlGF < 100 ng/L, UA-PI > 95th centile and UtA-PI > 95th centile were combined (Harrell's C, 0.88) (hazard ratio, 32.99; 95% CI, 10.74-101.32). CONCLUSIONS Low maternal serum PlGF level (< 100 ng/L) and abnormal fetoplacental Doppler indices (UA-PI > 95th centile and UtA-PI > 95th centile) in combination have the greatest predictive utility for PTB in pregnancies complicated by FGR. Their assessment may help guide clinical management of these complex pregnancies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hong
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Crawford
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Cavanagh
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F da Silva Costa
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Law JLM, Logan M, Joyce MA, Landi A, Hockman D, Crawford K, Johnson J, LaChance G, Saffran HA, Shields J, Hobart E, Brassard R, Arutyunova E, Pabbaraju K, Croxen M, Tipples G, Lemieux MJ, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M. SARS-COV-2 recombinant Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) induces neutralizing antibodies against variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. Vaccine 2021; 39:5769-5779. [PMID: 34481699 PMCID: PMC8387217 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID19. There are currently several licensed vaccines approved for human use and most of them target the spike protein in the virion envelope to induce protective immunity. Recently, variants that spread more quickly have emerged. There is evidence that some of these variants are less sensitive to neutralization in vitro, but it is not clear whether they can evade vaccine induced protection. In this study, we tested SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD as a vaccine antigen and explored the effect of formulation with Alum/MPLA or AddaS03 adjuvants. Our results show that RBD induces high titers of neutralizing antibodies and activates strong cellular immune responses. There is also significant cross-neutralization of variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 and to a lesser extent, SARS-CoV-1. These results indicate that recombinant RBD can be a viable candidate as a stand-alone vaccine or as a booster shot to diversify our strategy for COVID19 protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lok Man Law
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Michael Logan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michael A Joyce
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abdolamir Landi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Darren Hockman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janelle Johnson
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gerald LaChance
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Holly A Saffran
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Justin Shields
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eve Hobart
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Raelynn Brassard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elena Arutyunova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Graham Tipples
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Farrington T, Vinson J, Crawford K. Accrual of African American men into prostate cancer clinical trials: Collaborations to incorporate patient perspectives. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bradshaw T, Blakemore A, Wilson I, Fitzsimmons M, Crawford K, Mairs H. A systematic review of the outcomes of using voice hearing simulation in the education of health care professionals and those in training. Nurse Educ Today 2021; 96:104626. [PMID: 33157364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and synthesise data from studies that have evaluated the outcomes of voice hearing simulation as an educational intervention with health care professionals and those in training. DESIGN The research employed a systematic review that was informed by Centre for Reviews and Dissemination DATA SOURCES: The databases Web of Science, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Register and CINAHL were systematically searched to January 2020. REVIEW METHODS Identified studies were screened by title (n = 509), abstract (n = 246) and full text (n = 56) using the following inclusion criteria: studies employing either qualitative and/or quantitative research methods, which have evaluated voice hearing simulation as a principal educational intervention with health care professionals during training or post-qualification. RESULTS Twenty six studies were included in the review. Eleven studies adopted mixed methods, five adopted quantitative methods and ten used qualitative methods. Although most of the studies were of low to medium quality the findings were encouraging and suggest that voice hearing simulation may be a useful educational intervention. Positive outcomes of simulation included improvements in empathy, attitudes, knowledge, understanding about voice hearing experiences and increased confidence in practice. The majority of participants that took part in voice hearing simulation thought that it was a powerful learning experience that should be offered to other health care professionals and those in training. CONCLUSIONS Voice hearing simulation is a valuable educational intervention that should be routinely used by academics when teaching health professionals and those in training about the experiences of people who hear voices. However, to confirm its true effects and optimum mode of delivery further better quality research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bradshaw
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - A Blakemore
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - I Wilson
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Fitzsimmons
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Crawford
- National Paranoia Network, Limbrick Centre, Limbrick Road, Sheffield S6 2PE, United Kingdom
| | - H Mairs
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Bell JF, Maki JN, Mehall GL, Ravine MA, Caplinger MA, Bailey ZJ, Brylow S, Schaffner JA, Kinch KM, Madsen MB, Winhold A, Hayes AG, Corlies P, Tate C, Barrington M, Cisneros E, Jensen E, Paris K, Crawford K, Rojas C, Mehall L, Joseph J, Proton JB, Cluff N, Deen RG, Betts B, Cloutis E, Coates AJ, Colaprete A, Edgett KS, Ehlmann BL, Fagents S, Grotzinger JP, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan B, Jaumann R, Johnson JR, Lemmon M, Paar G, Caballo-Perucha M, Gupta S, Traxler C, Preusker F, Rice MS, Robinson MS, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Wolff MJ. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imaging Investigation. Space Sci Rev 2021; 217:24. [PMID: 33612866 PMCID: PMC7883548 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastcam-Z is a multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation on the Mars 2020 mission's Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z consists of a pair of focusable, 4:1 zoomable cameras that provide broadband red/green/blue and narrowband 400-1000 nm color imaging with fields of view from 25.6° × 19.2° (26 mm focal length at 283 μrad/pixel) to 6.2° × 4.6° (110 mm focal length at 67.4 μrad/pixel). The cameras can resolve (≥ 5 pixels) ∼0.7 mm features at 2 m and ∼3.3 cm features at 100 m distance. Mastcam-Z shares significant heritage with the Mastcam instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Each Mastcam-Z camera consists of zoom, focus, and filter wheel mechanisms and a 1648 × 1214 pixel charge-coupled device detector and electronics. The two Mastcam-Z cameras are mounted with a 24.4 cm stereo baseline and 2.3° total toe-in on a camera plate ∼2 m above the surface on the rover's Remote Sensing Mast, which provides azimuth and elevation actuation. A separate digital electronics assembly inside the rover provides power, data processing and storage, and the interface to the rover computer. Primary and secondary Mastcam-Z calibration targets mounted on the rover top deck enable tactical reflectance calibration. Mastcam-Z multispectral, stereo, and panoramic images will be used to provide detailed morphology, topography, and geologic context along the rover's traverse; constrain mineralogic, photometric, and physical properties of surface materials; monitor and characterize atmospheric and astronomical phenomena; and document the rover's sample extraction and caching locations. Mastcam-Z images will also provide key engineering information to support sample selection and other rover driving and tool/instrument operations decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. A. Ravine
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | - S. Brylow
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Tate
- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | | | - E. Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - K. Paris
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - C. Rojas
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Cluff
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - B. Betts
- The Planetary Society, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Univ. College, London, UK
| | - A. Colaprete
- NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - K. S. Edgett
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
- Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. Jaumann
- Inst. of Geological Sciences, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Lemmon
- Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO USA
| | - G. Paar
- Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - F. Preusker
- DLR/German Aerospace Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. S. Rice
- Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA USA
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Crawford K, Armaneous M, Leonard R, Linnemeyer K, Vahabzadeh-Hagh A, Orosco R, Blumenfeld L. Radiation therapy alters pharyngeal mobility and strength during deglutition in patients with head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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McEntee K, Crawford K, Wilson M, Nejad B, Waetjen LE. Post-Operative Opioid Prescribing and Consumption Patterns After Hysterectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Braileanu M, Crawford K, Key SR, Mullins ME. Assessment of Explicitly Stated Interval Change on Noncontrast Head CT Radiology Reports. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1091-1094. [PMID: 31147352 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Consistent and standardized reporting of interval change for certain diagnoses may improve the clinical utility of radiology reports. The purpose of this study was to assess explicitly stated interval change of various findings in noncontrast head CT reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed on successive noncontrast head CT radiology reports from the first 2 weeks of January 2014. Reports with at least 1 prior comparison CT scan were included. Reports with normal examination findings and those that made comparison with only other types of examinations (eg, MR imaging) were excluded. Descriptive and subgroup statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 200 patients with 230 reports and 979 radiographic findings were identified. The average interval between reports was 344.9 ± 695.9 days (range, 0-3556 days). Interval change was mentioned 67.3% (n = 659) of the time for all findings (n = 979). Explicitly stated interval change was significantly associated with nonremote findings (P < .001) and generalized statements of interval change (P < .001). The proportion of interval change reported ranged from 95.3% of the time for hemorrhagic to 36.4% for soft-tissue/osseous categorizations. CONCLUSIONS Interval change reporting was variable, mentioned for 67.3% of noncontrast head CT report findings with a prior comparison CT scan. Structured radiology reports may improve the consistent and clear reporting of interval change for certain findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braileanu
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - K Crawford
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S R Key
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M E Mullins
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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McKeegan D, Crawford K, McCaughan J, Addy C, Caskey S, Downey D. P100 Prevalence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in people with cystic fibrosis in Northern Ireland. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Valentyne A, Crawford K, Cook T, Mathewson PD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and source profiling in watersheds serving three small Wisconsin, USA cities. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:1453-1463. [PMID: 30857107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) continue to be common environmental contaminants. The anthropogenic sources of these compounds are broadly classed as petrogenic and pyrogenic, but more importantly specific sources including activities such as coal burning, oil spills, and application of coal tar sealants can be identified based on several types of data analysis. Several studies have focused on PAHs in sediments of lakes, streams, and stormwater ponds in larger urban areas, finding contamination arising from a number of different sources and correlating well to land use in the nearby watershed. We report here a study of PAH concentrations and source identification for river and lakebed sediments in and upstream of three smaller Wisconsin municipalities: Eau Claire (Eau Claire River), Stevens Point (Plover River), and Racine (Root River). PAH concentrations increased with increasing developed land cover and impervious surface. Concentrations within the cities and upstream agricultural or residential areas do not rise to the level found in larger urban areas or stormwater ponds servicing industrial or commercial land use, but can rise to a level that exceeds the Threshold Effects Concentration (TEC). Concentrations in areas with natural landcovers were very low, with the exception of one sample in a wetland with unusually high organic content. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that coal tar-based pavement sealants are a primary source of the contamination in all three cities. PAH concentrations reported here are likely conservative, and these results indicate that even smaller cities using detention ponds as a stormwater management practice should be prepared for costs of contaminated sediment disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Valentyne
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI 54901, United States
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Chemistry Department and the Sustainability Institute for Regional Transformations, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI 54901, United States
| | - Tyson Cook
- Clean Wisconsin, 634 W. Main St., Suite 300, Madison 53703, WI, USA
| | - Paul D Mathewson
- Clean Wisconsin, 634 W. Main St., Suite 300, Madison 53703, WI, USA.
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Landi A, Law J, Hockman D, Logan M, Crawford K, Chen C, Kundu J, Ebensen T, Guzman CA, Deschatelets L, Krishnan L, Tyrrell DLJ, Houghton M. Superior immunogenicity of HCV envelope glycoproteins when adjuvanted with cyclic-di-AMP, a STING activator or archaeosomes. Vaccine 2017; 35:6949-6956. [PMID: 29089195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three decades after the discovery, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still the leading cause of liver transplantation and poses a major threat to global health. In spite of recent advances in the development of direct acting antivirals, there is still a need for a prophylactic vaccine to limit the virus spread and protect at-risk populations, especially in developing countries, where the cost of the new treatments may severely limit access. The use of recombinant HCV glycoproteins E1E2 (rE1E2) in combination with the MF59, an oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant, has previously been shown to reduce the rate of chronicity in chimpanzees and to induce production of cross-neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses in human volunteers. To further improve neutralizing antibody responses in recipients along with robust T cell responses, we have explored the immunogenicity of different adjuvants when formulated with the HCV rE1E2 vaccine in mice. Our data show that cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and archaeosomes elicit strong neutralizing antibodies similar to those elicited using aluminum hydroxide/monophosphoryl lipid A (Alum/monophos. /MPLA) and MF59. However, both c-di-AMP and archaeosomes induced a more robust cellular immune response, which was confirmed by the detection of vaccine-specific poly-functional CD4+ T cells. We conclude that these adjuvants may substantially boost the immunogenicity of our E1E2 vaccine. In addition, our data also indicates that use of a partial or exclusive intranasal immunization regimen may also be feasible using c-di-AMP as adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landi
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Virology and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - J Law
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Hockman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Logan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - K Crawford
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - C Chen
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - T Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Deschatelets
- Immunobiology Department, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - L Krishnan
- Immunobiology Department, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D L J Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Low JK, Williams A, Manias E, Crawford K. ISQUA16-2887PATIENTS’ STORIES: CAN THIS INSIDER VIEW BE USED TO SUPPORT MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION? Int J Qual Health Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzw104.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Armistead B, Crawford K, Ayres A, Tamashiro P, Peron E, Dante S. Observing risk factors for diarrheal disease and malnutrition in rural
Peru. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Forrester SJ, Kawai T, Elliott KJ, Obama T, Takayanagi T, Crawford K, Eguchi S, Rizzo V. Abstract 9: Involvement of Caveolin-1 in Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation Induced by Angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that caveolin-1 (Cav1) enriched membrane microdomains in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediate a metalloprotease ADAM17-dependent EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation, which is linked to vascular remodeling induced by AngII. We have tested our hypothesis that Cav1, a major structural protein of caveolae, plays a critical role for development of vascular remodeling by AngII via regulation of ADAM17 and EGFR. Here, 8 week old male Cav1-/- and control Cav+/+ wild-type mice (WT) were infused with AngII (1 μg/kg/min) for 2 weeks to induce vascular remodeling and hypertension. Upon AngII infusion, histological assessments demonstrated medial hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis of coronary and renal arteries in WT mice compared with saline-infused control mice. The AngII-infused WT mice also showed a phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy with increased HW/BW ratio (mg/g: 8.0±0.6 vs 5.7±0.7 p<0.01) compared with WT control. In contrast to AngII-infused WT mice, Cav1-/- mice with AngII showed attenuation of vascular remodeling but not cardiac hypertrophy ; HW/BW ratio (8.6±0.5 vs 6.4±0.2 p<0.05). Similar levels of AngII-induced hypertension were observed in both WT and Cav1-/- mice assessed by telemetry (MAP mmHg: 142±9 vs 154±20). In WT mice, Ang II enhanced ADAM17 expression and phospho-Tyr EGFR staining in heart and kidney vasculature. These events were attenuated in vessels from Cav1-/- mice infused with AngII. In addition, IHC analysis revealed less ER stress in heart and kidney vasculature of AngII-infused Cav1-/- mice compared with WT mice. Enhanced Cav1 and VCAM-1 expression were also observed in the aorta from AngII-infused WT mice but not in Cav1-/- aorta. These data suggest that Cav1 and presumably vascular caveolae play critical roles for vascular remodeling and inflammation via induction of ADAM17 and activation of EGFR independent of blood pressure or cardiac hypertrophy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Takashi Obama
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
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Pramana A, Browne L, Cox H, Saba A, Pham K, Trakis S, Crawford K, Hall M, Batchelor N, Lim J, Graham P. Abstract P1-16-03: Quantitative versus semi-quantitative assessments of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis post adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-16-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the quantitative versus semi-quantitative assessments of radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) post adjuvant breast radiotherapy (RT).
Methods
High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) assessed lung physical density changes (CTD) and physician identified HRCT visual grading scores (CTS) were analysed at the minimum of 12 months post RT at one institution. The treated side in-portal lung regions for CTD and CTS assessments were: central-axis (CA) + regions 5cm superior & inferior to CA and the corresponding mid anterolateral region respectively. Respiratory motion was accounted for by subtracting the untreated side lung density from the treated side. Mean lung densities correspond to each voxels were automatically calculated by Pinnacle software (Phillips, Eindhoven, The-Netherlands). Grading of CTS was according to the RTOG/EORTC (grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 defined as none, slight, patchy, and dense HRCT appearance respectively) and analysed by a radiologist (JL) and re-checked a radiation oncologist (PG).
Results
Total numbers of 403 patients were analysed. A substantial association was verified between CTD and CTS assessment. An increase of ∼0.01 g/ml (95% CI 0.003-0.02) in CTD with each CTS score increase of 1 was observed (Table-1a). The RIPF can be categorised quantitatively into three groups of CTS 0 vs. 1-2 vs. 3 based on the mean CTD (Table-1b).
Table-1a. Correlation between CTD and CTS method. Table-1b. Grouping of CTS based on CTD methodTable-1a. Correlation between CTD and CTS methodCTSTreated side mean CTD - LeftTreated side mean CTD - RightMean Total00.055 (119)-0.011 (136)0.020 (255)10.065 (60)0.005 (56)0.036 (116)20.083 (15)0.012 (13)0.050 (28)30.108 (4)00.108 (4)Total0.061 (198)-0.005 (205)0.028 (403)Table-1b. Grouping of CTS based on CTD methodCTSTreated side mean CTD - LeftTreated side mean CTD - RightMean Total95% Confidence interval00.055 (119)-0.011 (136)0.020 (255)0.012-0.0271-20.069 (75)0.006 (69)0.039 (144)0.029-0.04830.108 (4)00.108 (4)0.079-0.137
A cut off CTD of 0.089 g/ml exemplified the best compromise between sensitivity (100%) and specificity (88.2%) for dense HRCT appearance. However, there was no good compromise of CTD cut off for slight and patchy HRCT score possibly due to intra observer variation and the scale of the CTD measure (small increase in CTD may not be detected visually by the observer). Multivariable analysis revealed increasing age, current smoker, V20 ≥ 10% (the volume of lung that was covered by the 20Gy isodose line), central lung distance ≥ 2cm (the distance between posterior RT tangents and the chest wall), combined endocrine & chemotherapy, and treated side mean CTD to be significantly associated with development of grade ≥1 RIPF.
Conclusions
There was a good correlation between quantitative (CTD) and semi-quantitative (CTS) assessment of RIPF post adjuvant breast RT. The CTD method could be advantageous for both routine clinical practice and future clinical trials that require more detailed quantification of dense RIPF.
Citation Format: Pramana A, Browne L, Cox H, Saba A, Pham K, Trakis S, Crawford K, Hall M, Batchelor N, Lim J, Graham P. Quantitative versus semi-quantitative assessments of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis post adjuvant breast radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-16-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pramana
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Browne
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Cox
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Saba
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Pham
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Trakis
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Crawford
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Hall
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Batchelor
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Lim
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P Graham
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shaikh T, Wang L, Ruth K, Hallman M, Chen DY, Greenberg RE, Li J, Crawford K, Horwitz EM. The impact of trainee involvement on outcomes in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2016; 15:156-62. [PMID: 26832675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of fellow, resident, or medical student (MS) involvement on outcomes in patients undergoing permanent (125)I prostate seed implant. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study population consisted of men with clinically localized low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with low-dose-rate permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Cases were stratified according to resident, fellow, MS, or attending involvement. Outcomes were compared using analysis of variance, logistic regression, and log rank tests. RESULTS A total of 291 patients were evaluated. Fellows, residents, and MS were involved in 47 (16.2%), 231 (79.4%), and 34 (11.7%) cases, respectively. Thirteen (4.4%) cases were completed by an attending physician alone. There was no difference in freedom from biochemical failure when comparing the resident, fellow, or attending alone groups (p = 0.10). There was no difference in V100 (volume of the prostate receiving 100% of the prescription dose) outcomes when comparing resident cases to fellow cases (p = 0.72) or attending alone cases (p = 0.78). There was no difference in D90 (minimum dose covering 90% of the postimplant volume) outcomes when comparing resident cases to fellow cases (p = 0.74) or attending alone cases (p = 0.58). When examining treatment toxicity, fellow cases had higher rates of acute Grade 2 + GU toxicity (p = 0.028). With the exception of higher urethra D90 among PGY 2-3 cases (p = 0.02), dosimetric outcomes were similar to cases with PGY 4-5 resident participation. There was no difference in outcomes for cases with and without MS participation. CONCLUSIONS Interstitial prostate seed implants can be safely performed by trainees with appropriate supervision. Hands-on brachytherapy training is effective and feasible for trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Shaikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lora Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen Ruth
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark Hallman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Y Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Jinsheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric M Horwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
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Crawford K, Digby R, Bloomer M, Tan H, Williams A. Transitioning from caregiver to visitor in a long-term care facility: the experience of caregivers of people with dementia. Aging Ment Health 2016; 19:739-46. [PMID: 25266371 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.962008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transitioning from the primary caregiver to the visitor in a long-term care facility may be challenging for the caregiver; they are required to surrender their caring duties to the medical and nursing staff. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of caregivers during their transition from day-to-day caregiver of a person with dementia to a visitor in a long-term care facility. METHODS This study utilised a qualitative descriptive design. Twenty caregivers of people with dementia were recruited from the one Aged Rehabilitation and Geriatric Evaluation and Management facility, located in Victoria, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the caregiver's experiences. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The interview data revealed that the participants were undergoing similar experiences. The findings revealed that it was difficult for the caregiver to transition to their new role of visitor; negative reactions of grief, loss of motivation and loneliness were also coupled with positive feelings of relief and the reassurance that their relative or friend would be well cared for and safe within the long-term care facility. CONCLUSION The findings offer insight into the experiences felt by caregivers when their relative or friend with dementia is admitted to hospital. Implications of this study include the need to improve the transition process for the caregiver by allowing them to be involved in the decision-making process, keeping them informed of care decisions, and importantly, providing emotional support to help the caregiver positively adapt to this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Crawford
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
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Kawai T, Obama T, Takayanagi T, Forrester SJ, Elliot KJ, Crawford K, Eguchi S, Rizzo V. Abstract P108: Caveolin-1 is Required for Vascular Remodeling Induced by Angiotensin Ii. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that caveolin-1 (Cav1) enriched membrane microdomains in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediates a metalloprotease ADAM17-dependent EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation, which is linked to vascular remodeling induced by AngII. We have tested our hypothesis that Cav1, a major structural protein of caveolae, plays a critical role in AngII-mediated vascular remodeling via regulation of ADAM17 and EGFR. 8 week old male Cav1-/- and control Cav+/+ wild-type mice (WT) were infused with AngII (1 μg/kg/min) for 2 weeks to induce vascular remodeling and hypertension. Upon AngII infusion, histological assessments demonstrated medial hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis of coronary and renal arteries in WT mice compared to sham-operated mice. The AngII-infused WT mice also showed a phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy with increased HW/BW ratio (mg/g: 8.0±0.6 vs 5.7±0.7 p<0.01) compared with sham-operated WT control. In contrast, vascular remodeling but not cardiac hypertrophy were attenuated in Cav1-/- mice with AngII infusion; HW/BW ratio (8.6±0.5 vs 6.4±0.2 p<0.05) compared to sham-operated mice. However, AngII induced similar levels of hypertension in both WT and Cav1-/- mice as assessed by telemetry (MAP mmHg: 142±9 vs 154±20). AngII infusion in WT mice enhanced ADAM17 and phospho-Tyr EGFR staining in heart and kidney vasculature, whereas AngII-infused Cav1-/- mice showed diminished ADAM17 and phospho-Tyr EGFR staining within the vasculature. In addition, IHC analyses revealed reduced vascular ER stress in heart and kidney samples of AngII-infused Cav1-/- mice compared to WT mice. Expression of Cav1 was predominantly observed within the endothelium and was enhanced upon AngII infusion in WT mice. These data suggest that Cav1, and presumably endothelial caveolae microdomains, plays a critical role in vascular remodeling via vascular induction of ADAM17 and activation of EGFR independent of blood pressure or cardiac hypertrophy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Takashi Obama
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Crawford
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Pramana A, Browne L, Or M, Saba S, Pham K, Trakis S, Crawford K, Hall M, Batchelor N, Graham P. Lung volume changes after adjuvant breast cancer radiotherapy. Breast 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Skaria R, Crawford K, Phy M, Mitchell JJ. Post-traumatic Leg Swelling-football. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477186.22198.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Shaikh T, Wang L, Ruth K, Hallman M, Chen DY, Greenberg RE, Li J, Crawford K, Horwitz EM. Trainee Involvement Does Not Impact Outcomes in Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer. Brachytherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.02.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Shaikh T, Zaorsky NG, Ruth K, Chen DY, Greenberg RE, Li J, Crawford K, Horwitz EM. Is it necessary to perform week three dosimetric analysis in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer when day 0 dosimetry is done? A quality assurance assessment. Brachytherapy 2015; 14:316-21. [PMID: 25454576 PMCID: PMC4424094 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging-based day 0 (d0) dosimetry is a meaningful predictor of day 21 (d21) dosimetry in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study population consisted of 277 men with localized (T1-2 N0 M0), low-/intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging fusion was used for postimplant dosimetry at d0 and d21. Logistic regression was used to construct receiver operating characteristic curves for achieving each constraint at d21, based on d0 D90 and V100, and Youden's index was used to evaluate cutpoints. Freedom from biochemical failure (FBCF) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The median d0 D90 increased from 133 to 150 Gy at d21, and median d0 V100 increased from 87% to 91%. For achieving the D90 constraint at d21, the optimal cut-point for d0 D90 was 135 Gy, with 84% of these patients maintaining a d21 D90 > 145 Gy. For achieving the D90 constraint at d21, the optimal cut-point for d0 V100 was 87%, with 83% of these patients maintained a d21 V100 > 90%. There was no improvement in FBCF in patients with a d0 D90 > 135 Gy or D90 > 145 Gy. Similarly, there was no improvement in FBCF in patients with a d0 V100 > 87% or V100 > 90%. CONCLUSIONS Meeting dosimetric constraints on d0 does not obviate d21 dosimetric analysis. Constraints used for dose prescriptions on d0 are not the ideal predictors of d21 dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shaikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Ruth
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Y Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R E Greenberg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Crawford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E M Horwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
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White RJ, Frutiger K, Theuer A, Weaver C, Crawford K, Laliberte K. A Pharmacokinetic and Tolerability Comparison in Subjects Transitioning From Twice Daily to Three Times Daily Dosing of Oral Treprostinil. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1963063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Tsuji T, Takayanagi T, Elliott K, Obama T, Crawford K, Rizzo V, Eguchi S. Abstract 019: Vascular Smooth Muscle ADAM17 Contributes To Angiotensin II-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation But Not Hypertension In Mice. Hypertension 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the renin angiotensin II (AngII) system has been implicated in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, detailed molecular mechanism(s) by which AngII promotes AAA remain uncertain. We have demonstrated the critical role of a metalloprotease, ADAM17, in AngII-induced EGFR transactivation and subsequent hypertrophy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In caveolin 1-/- mice, AAA formation induced by AngII plus beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, was attenuated. The attenuation of AAA formation was associated with suppression of ADAM17 induction and EGFR activation. Others have reported that systemic ADAM17 silencing attenuated CaCl2-induced AAA formation in mice. However, the cell type specific mechanism that is mediating the deleterious effect of ADAM17 in AAA is not well understood. Here, we tested our hypothesis that VSMC ADAM17 activation is required for AngII-promoted AAA formation using ADAM17flox/flox mice bred with sm22a Cre mice. 8 week old mice were co-infused with AngII 1000 ng/kg/min (4w) and BAPN 150 mg/kg/day (2w) or control saline (4w), and AAA formation was evaluated by echo (internal diameter) and measurement (external diameter) of the aortae. In control Cre-/- mice with the co-infusion, 52.4% (11/21) were dead due to aortic rupture/dissection. All surviving Cre-/- mice with co-infusion had AAA with max external/internal diameter (mm) of 2.18±0.55/1.75±0.33 vs 1.01±0.22/1.06±0.02 with saline infusion (p<0.01). In contrast, VSMC ADAM17 deficient Cre+/- with co-infusion did not die or develop AAA. The max external/internal diameter (mm) of AA in Cre+/- with co-infusion was 1.03±0.11/1.05±0.05 vs 1.01±0.12/1.27±0.21 with saline infusion. In contrast, both Cre-/- and +/- mice with the co-infusion developed hypertension assessed by telemetry (MAP mmHg: 161±15 vs 154±12). The ADAM17 deletion was also associated with less EGFR activation, ER/oxidative stress and extravascular fibrosis/matrix deposition. In conclusion, VSMC ADAM17 appears to be a critical metalloprotease contributing to AAA formation but not hypertension induced by AngII + BAPN. The mechanism by which VSMC ADAM17 promotes AAA seems to involve activation of EGFR and induction of ER/oxidative stress.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transfusion of blood products is an important component of veterinary emergency medicine. Donors must be carefully selected to minimise risk of transmission of blood-borne infectious agents. This study was devised to assess the prevalence of such agents in healthy, non-travelled UK dogs screened as prospective donors. METHODS Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples from dogs donating blood between August 2007 and January 2012 were screened by polymerase chain reaction for haemotropic mycoplasmas, Bartonella, Babesia, Leishmania, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. Dogs with positive or inconclusive results underwent repeat polymerase chain reaction testing. RESULTS Four of 262 dogs had positive or inconclusive results at initial screening. Repeat polymerase chain reaction testing in each dog was negative, and none of the dogs developed clinical signs of disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The positive results on initial screening may have represented false positives from sample contamination or amplification of non-target DNA. It is also possible that dogs were infected at initial sampling but successfully cleared infection before repeat testing. The low number of positive results obtained suggests that prevalence of these agents in a population of healthy UK dogs is low and that use of blood products is unlikely to represent a significant risk of transmission of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Crawford
- School of Veterinary Sciences & Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU
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26
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Shaikh T, Ruth K, Zaorsky NG, Chen DY, Greenberg RE, Li J, Crawford K, Horwitz EM. Is It Necessary to Perform Post-Implant Dosimetric Analysis in Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer? A Quality Assurance Assessment. Brachytherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2014.02.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Crawford K, Warman SM, Marques AI, Yool DA, Eckersall PD, McCulloch E, Lynn K, Mellanby RJ, Gow AG. Serum haptoglobin concentrations in dogs with liver disease. Vet Rec 2013; 173:579. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Crawford
- Northwest Surgeons; Delamere House, Ashville Point Sutton Weaver Cheshire WA7 3FW UK
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK
| | - S. M. Warman
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK
| | - A. I. Marques
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - D. A. Yool
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - P. D. Eckersall
- Division of Animal Production & Public Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Comparative Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - E. McCulloch
- ReactivLab Ltd; Garscube Estate, Bearsden Rd Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - K. Lynn
- ReactivLab Ltd; Garscube Estate, Bearsden Rd Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - R. J. Mellanby
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - A. G. Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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Takayanagi T, Crawford K, Kobayashi T, Rizzo V, Eguchi S. Abstract 279: Role of Caveolin-1 in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm induced by Angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant cause of mortality for adults aged >60 years. Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of the AT1 receptor by angiotensin II (AngII) in AAA formation. While several downstream signals and target proteins have been identified in this pathway, there is a huge void in our knowledge regarding the AngII-sensitive proximal events primarily responsible for AAA formation. We recently reported that caveolae membrane microdomains in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediate a metalloprotease ADAM17-dependent EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation which linked to vascular remodeling induced by AngII. Given that ADAM17 expression is one of the key features in AAA, we have tested our hypothesis that caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major structural protein of caveolae, in the vasculature plays a critical role for development of AAA via its regulation on ADAM17. 8 week old male Cav1-/- mice and the control C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) mice were co-infused with AngII and BAPN, a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, to induce AAA. We found that Cav1-/- mice did not develop AAA compared to C57Bl/6 mice in spite of hypertension assessed by telemetry in both groups. This finding suggests that the AngII signaling essential for vascular contraction remains in place in Cav1-/- mice. We found an increased expression of ADAM17 and auto-phosphorylation of EGFR in WT abdominal aortae with aneurysms that were markedly attenuated in Cav1-/- mice infused with AngII+BAPN. Furthermore, Cav1-/- mice with the infusion showed less oxidative stress and ER stress than their WT counterparts as assessed by nitrotyrosine staining and KDEL/p-eIF2a staining, respectively. In conclusion, Cav1 and presumably vascular caveolae micro-domain appear to play a critical role in the formation of AAA in mice via regulation of the ADAM17/EGFR signaling axis and subsequent induction of ER/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Temple Univ Sch of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Crawford K, Takayanagi T, Eguchi S, Rizzo V. Role of Caveolae in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.379.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Crawford
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Takehiko Takayanagi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
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Konski A, Li T, Christensen M, Cheng JD, Yu JQ, Crawford K, Haluszka O, Tokar J, Scott W, Meropol NJ, Cohen SJ, Maurer A, Freedman GM. Symptomatic cardiac toxicity is predicted by dosimetric and patient factors rather than changes in 18F-FDG PET determination of myocardial activity after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2012; 104:72-7. [PMID: 22682539 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine factors associated with symptomatic cardiac toxicity in patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 102 patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Our primary endpoint was symptomatic cardiac toxicity. Radiation dosimetry, patient demographic factors, and myocardial changes seen on (18)F-FDG PET were correlated with subsequent cardiac toxicity. Cardiac toxicity measured by RTOG and CTCAE v3.0 criteria was identified by chart review. RESULTS During the follow up period, 12 patients were identified with treatment related cardiac toxicity, 6 of which were symptomatic. The mean heart V20 (79.7% vs. 67.2%, p=0.05), V30 (75.8% vs. 61.9%, p=0.04), and V40 (69.2% vs. 53.8%, p=0.03) were significantly higher in patients with symptomatic cardiac toxicity than those without. We found the threshold for symptomatic cardiac toxicity to be a V20, V30 and V40 above 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. There was no correlation between change myocardial SUV on PET and cardiac toxicity, however, a greater proportion of women suffered symptomatic cardiac toxicity compared to men (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS A correlation did not exist between percent change in myocardial SUV and cardiac toxicity. Patients with symptomatic cardiac toxicity received significantly greater mean V20, 30 and 40 values to the heart compared to asymptomatic patients. These data need validation in a larger independent data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Konski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Gow AG, Marques AI, Yool DA, Crawford K, Warman SM, Eckersall PD, Jalan R, Mellanby RJ. Dogs with congenital porto-systemic shunting (cPSS) and hepatic encephalopathy have higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein than asymptomatic dogs with cPSS. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:227-9. [PMID: 22354751 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with liver disorders and a wide range of rodent models of HE have been described to facilitate studies into the pathogenesis and treatment of HE. However, it is widely acknowledged that no individual model perfectly mimics human HE and there is a particular need for spontaneous, larger animal models. One common congenital abnormality in dogs is the portosystemic shunt (cPSS) which causes clinical signs that are similar to human HE such as ataxia, disorientation, lethargy and occasionally coma. As inflammation has recently been shown to be associated with HE in humans, we hypothesised that inflammation would similarly be associated with HE in dogs with cPSS. To examine this hypothesis we measured C-reactive protein (CRP) in 30 healthy dogs, 19 dogs with a cPSS and no HE and 27 dogs with a cPSS and overt HE. There was a significant difference in CRP concentration between healthy dogs and dogs with HE (p < 0.001) and between dogs with HE and without HE (p < 0.05). The novel finding that there is an association between inflammation and canine HE strengthens the concept that HE in dogs with cPSS shares a similar pathogenesis to humans with HE. Consequently, dogs with a cPSS may be a good spontaneous model of human HE in which to further examine the role of inflammation and development of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, UK
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Tait LM, Meyer JE, McSpadden E, Cheng JD, Philip PA, Scott WJ, Baciewicz F, Meropol NJ, Shields AF, Crawford K, Cohen SJ, Wozniak AJ, Gadgeel SM, Choi M, Konski AA. Cardiac toxicity associated with dose and gender in patients undergoing chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
112 Background: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with symptomatic cardiac toxicity in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for esophageal carcinoma. Methods: One-hundred and forty-four patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were treated from 7/2002 - 6/2011 at 2 academic institutions with pre-operative, definitive or palliative CRT. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy was administered at the discretion of the treating oncologist. Altogether, 120 patients had sufficient dose volume histogram (DVH) data for analysis and ≥3 month follow up from treatment completion. Association of cardiac toxicity with a number of variables was investigated, including heart disease, cardiac bypass/angioplasty, diabetes, insulin use, smoking, and tumor location (upper/middle vs. lower/GE junction). T-test assessed risk of cardiac toxicity secondary to age. Percentage of heart volume receiving >20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy (V20-V50) and its association with cardiac toxicity was evaluated for each patient. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for an association between dose volume parameters and cardiac toxicity. Results: Patient population included 93 males and 27 females with a mean age of 63 years. Any cardiac toxicity occurred in 27 patients, 8 of which were symptomatic. T-test comparing age to toxicity was not significant; however, female patients were 3.57 times more likely to have cardiac toxicity ([95% Confidence Interval 1.42-9.01], p=0.005). A significant difference in V40 existed between patients with cardiac toxicity and those without (p=0.05). Patients above the median cut-off for V40 (54%) had 2.48 increased odds of developing cardiac toxicity ([95% Confidence Interval 1.02-6.02], p=0.04). None of the other investigated variables were associated with an increased risk of developing cardiac toxicity. Conclusions: Female patients were found to have an increased risk of cardiac toxicity subsequent to receiving CRT for esophageal carcinoma. V40 greater than 54% was associated with increased cardiac toxicity. These data suggest exercising increased care when designing radiation fields in women undergoing CRT for esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Marie Tait
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Joshua E. Meyer
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Erin McSpadden
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Jonathan D. Cheng
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Philip Agop Philip
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Walter J. Scott
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Frank Baciewicz
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Neal J. Meropol
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Anthony Frank Shields
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Steven J. Cohen
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Antoinette J. Wozniak
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Shirish M. Gadgeel
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Minsig Choi
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Andre A. Konski
- Wayne State University/Barbara A. Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Merck &Co., Inc., North Wales, PA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
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Abubakar I, Matthews T, Harmer D, Okereke E, Crawford K, Hall T, Collyns T, Smith G, Barrett A, Baugh S. Assessing an outbreak of tuberculosis in an English college population. Eur Respir J 2012; 38:976-8. [PMID: 21965501 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pohar S, Crawford K, Green-Mitchell S, Crandley E, Semmes J, Drake R, Nyalwidhe J, Wadsworth J, Britten R. High Serum Levels of DNMT1 and Distant Failure in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Singh M, Del Carpio-Cano F, Belcher JY, Crawford K, Frara N, Owen TA, Popoff SN, Safadi FF. Functional roles of osteoactivin in normal and disease processes. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2011; 20:341-57. [PMID: 21395506 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v20.i4.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoactivin (OA) protein was discovered in bone cells a decade ago. Recent literature suggests that osteoactivin is crucial for the differentiation and functioning of different cell types, including bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells. Here, we review the literature to date on various regulatory functions of osteoactivin, as well as its discovery, structure, expression, and function in different tissues and cells. The transcriptional regulation of osteoactivin and its mechanism of action in normal and diseased conditions with special emphasis on bone are also covered in this review. In addition, we touch on the therapeutic potential of osteoactivin in cancer and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneet Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abubakar I, Matthews T, Harmer D, Okereke E, Crawford K, Hall T, Collyns T, Smith G, Barrett A, Baugh S. Assessing the effect of foreign travel and protection by BCG vaccination on the spread of tuberculosis in a low incidence country, United Kingdom, October 2008 to December 2009. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.12.19826-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abubakar
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
- Tuberculosis Section, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Matthews
- North Yorkshire and Humber Health Protection Unit, Hull, United Kingdom
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - D Harmer
- North Yorkshire and Humber Health Protection Unit, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - E Okereke
- Health Protection Agency Yorkshire and Humber, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - K Crawford
- North Yorkshire and Humber Health Protection Unit, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - T Hall
- North Yorkshire and Humber Health Protection Unit, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - T Collyns
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - G Smith
- Health Protection Agency Regional Centre for Mycobacteriology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Barrett
- Health Protection Agency Regional Centre for Mycobacteriology, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - S Baugh
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Abubakar I, Matthews T, Harmer D, Okereke E, Crawford K, Hall T, Collyns T, Smith G, Barrett A, Baugh S. Assessing the effect of foreign travel and protection by BCG vaccination on the spread of tuberculosis in a low incidence country, United Kingdom, October 2008 to December 2009. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19826. [PMID: 21457684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of travel to high incidence countries and the impact of the discontinuation of universal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination to there cent rise in tuberculosis (TB) in the United Kingdom remain unclear. An outbreak in a college presented an opportunity to assess these. A cohort of students answered a questionnaire assessing risk factors for TB.Participants were screened with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression.Among 2,284 students, 400 (17.5%) were diagnosed with TB infection. A higher risk was noted for travel to a high incidence area in the past two years (OR: 1.39;95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.89) and among those with the greatest exposure to the index case(OR: 3.94; 95% CI: 2.60–5.97). There was no association between BCG and risk of infection (OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 0.80–1.39). The lack of a protective effect by BCG on TB infection supports the discontinuation of universal vaccination. The association with foreign travel suggests the need to assess the cost-effectiveness of serial IGRA testing and treatment of positive persons among returning travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abubakar
- Tuberculosis Section, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.
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Kobayashi R, Crawford K, McBride L. The Feasibility of Self-administration of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin in a Diverse Patient Population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharma NK, Cohen RJ, Eade TN, Buyyounouski MK, Uzzo RG, Li J, Crawford K, Chen DYT, McNeeley S, Horwitz EM. An intraoperative real-time sleeved seed technique for permanent prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2009; 9:126-30. [PMID: 19850534 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel technique that integrates customized sleeved seed production to reduce seed migration using preloaded needles with real-time intraoperative dosimetric planning for patients treated with iodine-125 (I-125) permanent prostate seed implants. METHODS AND MATERIALS Customized seed-spacer sequences were calculated for patients in real time based on an intraoperative transrectal ultrasound-guided volume study. Using a Fox Chase Cancer Center modified Best Iodine-125 seed loader (Best Medical, Springfield, VA), the seeds and spacers were inserted into a hollow suture material (sleeve) and then loaded into the implant needles. Needles were placed sequentially under transrectal ultrasound guidance with sagittal plane visualization of the dropped sleeved seeds. RESULTS This technique was successfully implemented allowing intraoperative planning to be combined with real-time sleeved seed production. CONCLUSIONS The use of sleeves for seeds combined with real-time intraoperative planning allowed for the intraoperative customization of implants with the practical advantages of linked seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navesh K Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Sharma NK, Cohen RJ, Ruth K, Crawford K, Li J, Buyyounouski MK, Uzzo R, Feigenberg SJ, Horwitz EM. Sleeved seeds decrease gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity profiles in real-time intraoperatively planned permanent 125 I implants. Brachytherapy 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cohen RJ, Sharma NK, Li J, Ruth KJ, Buyyounouski MK, Crawford K, Uzzo RG, Horwitz EM. Sleeved seeds decrease post-implant hotspots in real-time intraoperatively planned permanent 125 I prostate implants. Brachytherapy 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2009.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nowak K, Ravenscroft G, Jackaman C, Lim E, Squire S, Potter A, Fisher R, Morling P, Griffiths L, Papadimitriou J, Sewry C, Fabian V, Lessard J, Crawford K, Bakker A, Davies K, Laing N. T.O.3 Transgenic expression of cardiac actin rescues skeletal actin-null mice. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Crawford K, Briggs KK, Rodkey WG, Steadman JR. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the IKDC score for meniscus injuries of the knee. Arthroscopy 2007; 23:839-44. [PMID: 17681205 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score for meniscus injuries of the knee. METHODS Test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and responsiveness to change were determined for the IKDC score. Knees were excluded if they had ligament pathology or a chondral defect greater than Outerbridge grade 2. All patients had meniscus pathology requiring treatment. The study comprised 4 subsets of patients. Group A consisted of 31 patients who completed an IKDC form at least 2 years after surgery for meniscus pathology and were then retested within 4 weeks of the primary questionnaire. Group B contained 264 patients with preoperative IKDC scores that were used for construct and content validity. Group C contained 50 patients who had a preoperative IKDC score and completed a short form 12 survey. Group D contained 100 patients with preoperative and postoperative IKDC scores used to measure responsiveness. RESULTS The overall IKDC score showed acceptable test-retest reliability with an interclass correlation of 0.95. There were acceptable floor and ceiling effects. All constructs tested showed significant differences. These included lower IKDC score with the following: lower activity level, difficulty with activities of daily living, difficulty with sports, abnormal knee function, and complex/degenerative meniscus tears. Responsiveness to change showed a large effect size (2.11) and a large response mean (1.5) for the overall score. The SE of the measurement was 3.19, and the minimum detectable change was 8.8 points. CONCLUSIONS The overall IKDC score showed overall acceptable psychometric performance for outcome measures of meniscus injuries of the knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria in nonconsecutive patients.
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Li J, Horwitz E, Buyyounouski M, McNeeley S, Crawford K, Ma C. SU-DD-A1-06: Do Stranded Seeds Improve the Quality of Permanent Prostate Seed Implant? Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fischer SA, Soberman M, Randolph P, Crawford K, Perry DJ. Phase II Trial of Concurrent Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and External-Beam Radiation Followed by Surgical Resection in Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Protocol 99-444. Clin Lung Cancer 2006; 8:56-61. [PMID: 16870047 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2006.n.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the utility and outcomes of concurrent weekly low-dose chemotherapy with concurrent radiation in an effort to "downstage" patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIA (T1-3 N2 or T3 N1) and 3 patients with stage IIB (T3 N0) NSCLC were enrolled. Seventeen of 18 patients with stage IIIA cancer had N2 disease. A chemotherapy/radiation schedule consisted of paclitaxel 50 mg/m(2 )and carboplatin administered at an area under the curve of 2 weekly for 5 weeks along with chest irradiation of 45 Gy. Patients with regressed or stable disease upon restaging were considered surgical candidates. Patients deemed inoperable were given additional radiation therapy. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled from April 2000 to March 2004. Data from 21 patients were available for evaluation at the time of analysis. Grade 3/4 constitutional and pulmonary toxicity was <or= 10%. Grade 3/4 lymphopenia was noted in 9.5% of patients. One treatment-related death from postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred. Seventeen of 21 patients completed neoadjuvant therapy and 15 patients underwent resection. Four of 15 patients had a complete histopathologic response at the time of resection. Follow-up data were available on 20 patients. Overall, the median progression-free survival was 14.1 months. The median overall survival was 26.1 months. Six of 20 patients remain relapse free (range, 19.3-70.8 months). CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant low-dose weekly chemotherapy given concurrently with conventional chest irradiation might improve outcomes in patients with stage IIB and IIIA NSCLC with acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Fischer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Washington Cancer Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Abstract
Most studies addressing treatment of chondral injuries have involved the knee. Various techniques have been used in the knee. Microfracture has shown excellent results in the knee. Chondral injuries of the hip are common in athletes with labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement. The microfracture technique is now being used in the hip joint. Indications include full-thickness cartilage loss or unstable flap on a weight-bearing surface. An important contraindication is the patients unwillingness to follow the postoperative protocol and rehabilitation plan. The microfracture technique in the hip is similar to that in the knee. Postoperatively, patients use a continuous passive motion and are flat foot (20 lbs.) weightbearing for 8 weeks. Early results following microfracture in the hip have been encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Crawford
- Lubbock Sports Medicine Associates, 4110 22nd Place, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA
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O'Hagan DT, Singh M, Dong C, Ugozzoli M, Berger K, Glazer E, Selby M, Wininger M, Ng P, Crawford K, Paliard X, Coates S, Houghton M. Cationic microparticles are a potent delivery system for a HCV DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2005; 23:672-80. [PMID: 15542189 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We initially evaluated in mice the ability of naked DNA encoding intracellular forms of the E1E2 envelope proteins from HCV to induce antibody responses and compared the responses induced with the same plasmid adsorbed onto cationic poly (lactide co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles. Although naked DNA was only able to induce detectable responses at the 100 microg dose level, making this approach impractical for evaluation in larger animals, PLG/DNA induced detectable responses at 10 microg. In addition, the PLG/DNA microparticles induced significantly enhanced responses to naked DNA when compared at the same dose level. Remarkably, PLG/DNA induced comparable responses to recombinant E1E2 protein adjuvanted with the emulsion MF59. Furthermore, PLG/DNA effectively primed for a booster response with protein immunization, while naked DNA did not. Therefore, PLG/DNA was selected for further evaluation in a non-human primate model. In a study in rhesus macaques, PLG/DNA induced seroconversion in 3/3 animals following three immunizations. Although the antibody responses appeared lower than those induced with recombinant protein adjuvanted with MF59, following a fourth dose, PLG/DNA and protein induced comparable responses. However, a single booster dose of recombinant protein administered to the animals previously immunized with PLG/DNA induced much higher responses. In addition, one of three animals immunized with PLG/DNA showed a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In conclusion, cationic PLG microparticles with adsorbed HCV DNA generates potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T O'Hagan
- Vaccines Research, Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., M/S 4.3, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA.
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Kumar A, Crawford K, Flick R, Klevitsky R, Lorenz JN, Bove KE, Robbins J, Lessard JL. Transgenic overexpression of cardiac actin in the mouse heart suggests coregulation of cardiac, skeletal and vascular actin expression. Transgenic Res 2005; 13:531-40. [PMID: 15672834 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-004-2823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that depletion of cardiac actin by targeted disruption is associated with increased expression of alternative actins in the mouse heart. Here we have studied the effects of transgenic overexpression of cardiac actin using the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Lines carrying 7 or 8 copies of the transgene showed a 2-fold increase in cardiac actin mRNA and also displayed decreased expression of skeletal and vascular actin in their hearts. In contrast, a line with more than 250 copies of the transgene did not show a similar decrease in the expression of skeletal and vascular actin despite a 3-fold increase in cardiac actin mRNA. While the low copy number transgenic mice displayed hearts that were similar to non-transgenic controls, the high copy number transgenic line showed larger hearts with distinct atrial enlargement and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Further, while the low copy number transgenic mouse hearts were mildly hypocontractile when compared with non-transgenic mouse hearts, the high copy number transgenic mouse hearts were significantly so. We conclude that in the presence of a small number of copies of the cardiac actin transgene, homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining actin levels are active and negatively regulate skeletal and vascular actin levels in the heart in response to increased expression of cardiac actin. However, these putative mechanisms are either inoperative in the high copy number transgenic line or are countered by the enhanced expression of skeletal and vascular actin during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Developmental Biology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Fletcher RD, Dayhoff RE, Graves AC, Wu CM, Crawford K, McManus CD, Jones RE. 1116-15 Using the maturing veterans affairs multimedia electronic patient record to achieve measurable improvements in patient care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(04)90094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Crawford K. Lithium chloride inhibits development along the animal vegetal axis and anterior midline of the squid embryo. Biol Bull 2003; 205:181-182. [PMID: 14583518 DOI: 10.2307/1543241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Crawford
- St. Mary's College of Maryland, MD, USA.
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