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Ascencio M, Andrade D, Mahbub I, Akhter S, Ahmad Dar Z, Akbar F, Ansari V, Bashyal A, Bender S, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bonilla J, Bonin K, Budd H, Caceres G, Cai T, Carneiro M, Díaz G, da Motta H, Felix J, Fields L, Filkins A, Fine R, Fuad N, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gaur P, Ghosh A, Gran R, Haluptzok T, Harris D, Henry S, Jena S, Jena D, Kleykamp J, Klustová A, Kordosky M, Last D, Lozano A, Lu XG, Maher E, Manly S, Mann W, Mauger C, McFarland K, Miller J, Morfín J, Nelson J, Nguyen C, Olivier A, Paolone V, Perdue G, Plows KJ, Ramírez M, Ray H, Reed B, Rodrigues P, Ruterbories D, Sajjad Athar M, Schellman H, Solano Salinas C, Su H, Sultana M, Valencia E, Vaughan N, Waldron A, Wret C, Yaeggy B, Yang K, Zazueta L. Measurement of inclusive charged-current
νμ
scattering on hydrocarbon at
⟨Eν⟩∼6 GeV
with low three-momentum transfer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Powers JM, Haese NN, Denton M, Ando T, Kreklywich C, Bonin K, Streblow CE, Kreklywich N, Smith P, Broeckel R, DeFilippis V, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN. Non-replicating adenovirus based Mayaro virus vaccine elicits protective immune responses and cross protects against other alphaviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009308. [PMID: 33793555 PMCID: PMC8051823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to South and Central America associated with sporadic outbreaks in humans. MAYV infection causes severe joint and muscle pain that can persist for weeks to months. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics to prevent MAYV infection or treat the debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease. In the current study, a prophylactic MAYV vaccine expressing the complete viral structural polyprotein was developed based on a non-replicating human adenovirus V (AdV) platform. Vaccination with AdV-MAYV elicited potent neutralizing antibodies that protected WT mice against MAYV challenge by preventing viremia, reducing viral dissemination to tissues and mitigating viral disease. The vaccine also prevented viral-mediated demise in IFN⍺R1-/- mice. Passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated animals similarly prevented infection and disease in WT mice as well as virus-induced demise of IFN⍺R1-/- mice, indicating that antiviral antibodies are protective. Immunization with AdV-MAYV also generated cross-neutralizing antibodies against two related arthritogenic alphaviruses-chikungunya and Una viruses. These cross-neutralizing antibodies were protective against lethal infection in IFN⍺R1-/- mice following challenge with these heterotypic alphaviruses. These results indicate AdV-MAYV elicits protective immune responses with substantial cross-reactivity and protective efficacy against other arthritogenic alphaviruses. Our findings also highlight the potential for development of a multi-virus targeting vaccine against alphaviruses with endemic and epidemic potential in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Powers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cassilyn E Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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3
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Jones IKA, Haese NN, Gatault P, Streblow ZJ, Andoh TF, Denton M, Streblow CE, Bonin K, Kreklywich CN, Burg JM, Orloff SL, Streblow DN. Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Pathogens 2020; 9:E963. [PMID: 33228102 PMCID: PMC7699341 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes persistent, latent infection in hosts, causing diseases in immunocompromised patients, transplant recipients, and neonates. CMV infection modifies the host chemokine axis by modulating chemokine and chemokine receptor expression and by encoding putative chemokine and chemokine receptor homologues. The viral proteins have roles in cellular signaling, migration, and transformation, as well as viral dissemination, tropism, latency and reactivation. Herein, we review the contribution of CMV-encoded chemokines and chemokine receptors to these processes, and further elucidate the viral tropism role of rat CMV (RCMV) R129 and R131. These homologues of the human CMV (HCMV)-encoded chemokines UL128 and UL130 are of particular interest because of their dual role as chemokines and members of the pentameric entry complex, which is required for entry into cell types that are essential for viral transmission and dissemination. The contributions of UL128 and UL130 to acceleration of solid organ transplant chronic rejection are poorly understood, and are in need of an effective in vivo model system to elucidate the phenomenon. We demonstrated similar molecular entry requirements for R129 and R131 in the rat cells, as observed for HCMV, and provided evidence that R129 and R131 are part of the viral entry complex required for entry into macrophages, dendritic cells, and bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K. A. Jones
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Philippe Gatault
- Renal Transplant Unit, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, University Hospital of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Zachary J. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Takeshi F. Andoh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Jennifer M. Burg
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Susan L. Orloff
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
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4
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Carneiro MF, Ruterbories D, Ahmad Dar Z, Akbar F, Andrade DA, Ascencio MV, Badgett W, Bashyal A, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bonin K, Bravar A, Budd H, Caceres G, Cai T, da Motta H, Díaz GA, Felix J, Fields L, Filkins A, Fine R, Gago AM, Ghosh A, Gran R, Hahn D, Harris DA, Henry S, Hylen J, Jena S, Jena D, Joe C, King B, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Last D, Le T, LeClerc J, Lozano A, Lu XG, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Morfín JG, Murphy M, Naples D, Nelson JK, Nguyen C, Norrick A, Olivier A, Paolone V, Perdue GN, Riehecky P, Schellman H, Schlabach P, Solano Salinas CJ, Su H, Sultana M, Syrotenko VS, Torretta D, Wret C, Yaeggy B, Yonehara K, Zazueta L. High-Statistics Measurement of Neutrino Quasielasticlike Scattering at 6 GeV on a Hydrocarbon Target. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:121801. [PMID: 32281855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We measure neutrino charged-current quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon at high statistics using the wideband Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam with neutrino energy peaked at 6 GeV. The double-differential cross section is reported in terms of muon longitudinal (p_{∥}) and transverse (p_{⊥}) momentum. Cross section contours versus lepton momentum components are approximately described by a conventional generator-based simulation, however, discrepancies are observed for transverse momenta above 0.5 GeV/c for longitudinal momentum ranges 3-5 and 9-20 GeV/c. The single differential cross section versus momentum transfer squared (dσ/dQ_{QE}^{2}) is measured over a four-decade range of Q^{2} that extends to 10 GeV^{2}. The cross section turnover and falloff in the Q^{2} range 0.3-10 GeV^{2} is not fully reproduced by generator predictions that rely on dipole form factors. Our measurement probes the axial-vector content of the hadronic current and complements the electromagnetic form factor data obtained using electron-nucleon elastic scattering. These results help oscillation experiments because they probe the importance of various correlations and final-state interaction effects within the nucleus, which have different effects on the visible energy in detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Carneiro
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - D Ruterbories
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Z Ahmad Dar
- AMU Campus, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - F Akbar
- AMU Campus, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - D A Andrade
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana 5, Colonia Centro, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico
| | - M V Ascencio
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bashyal
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - A Bercellie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Bonin
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - A Bravar
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Budd
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - G Caceres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - T Cai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - H da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - G A Díaz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - J Felix
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana 5, Colonia Centro, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico
| | - L Fields
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Filkins
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Fine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - A Ghosh
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R Gran
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - D Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D A Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - S Henry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Hylen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Jena
- Department of Physical Sciences, IISER Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - D Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Joe
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Kleykamp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Kordosky
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Last
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Le
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J LeClerc
- University of Florida, Department of Physics, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Lozano
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - X-G Lu
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - E Maher
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, 375 Church Street, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247, USA
| | - S Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - W A Mann
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K S McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C L McGivern
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A M McGowan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B Messerly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Miller
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J G Morfín
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Nguyen
- University of Florida, Department of Physics, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Olivier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - V Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - G N Perdue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Riehecky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Schellman
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C J Solano Salinas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Apartado 31139, Lima, Perú
| | - H Su
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - M Sultana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - V S Syrotenko
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Wret
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B Yaeggy
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Zazueta
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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5
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Nguyen TH, Haese NN, Madadi N, Sarkar S, Bonin K, Streblow CE, Taft-Benz S, Tower NA, Rasmussen L, Bostwick R, Augelli-Szafran CE, Suto MJ, Morrison TE, DeFilippis V, Heise MT, Streblow DN, Pathak AK. Studies on Dibenzylamines as Inhibitors of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:2014-2028. [PMID: 31257853 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted members of the Togaviridae family that can cause severe disease in humans, including debilitating arthralgia and severe neurological complications. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies directed against the alphaviruses, and care is limited to treating disease symptoms. A phenotypic cell-based high-throughput screen was performed to identify small molecules that inhibit the replication of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV). The compound, 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine (1), was identified as a highly active, potent inhibitor of VEEV with an effective concentration for 90% inhibition of virus (EC90) of 0.89 μM and 7.49 log reduction in virus titers at 10 μM concentration. These data suggest that further investigation of compound 1 as an antiviral therapeutic against VEEV, and perhaps other alphaviruses, is warranted. Experiments suggested that the antiviral activity of compound 1 is directed at an early step in the VEEV replication cycle by blocking viral RNA and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H. Nguyen
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Nikhil Madadi
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Sharon Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nichole A. Tower
- High-Throughput Screening Center, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Lynn Rasmussen
- High-Throughput Screening Center, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Robert Bostwick
- High-Throughput Screening Center, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Corinne E. Augelli-Szafran
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Mark J. Suto
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Ashish K. Pathak
- Chemistry Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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