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Karami O, Philipsen C, Rahimi A, Nurillah AR, Boutilier K, Offringa R. Endogenous auxin maintains embryonic cell identity and promotes somatic embryo development in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2023; 113:7-22. [PMID: 36345646 PMCID: PMC10098609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), or embryo development from in vitro cultured vegetative explants, can be induced in Arabidopsis by the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or by overexpression of specific transcription factors, such as AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15). Here, we explored the role of endogenous auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] during 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE. Using the pWOX2:NLS-YFP reporter, we identified three distinct developmental stages for 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE in Arabidopsis, with these being (i) acquisition of embryo identity; (ii) formation of pro-embryos; and (iii) somatic embryo patterning and development. The acquisition of embryo identity coincided with enhanced expression of the indole-3-pyruvic acid auxin biosynthesis YUCCA genes, resulting in an enhanced pDR5:GFP-reported auxin response in the embryo-forming tissues. Chemical inhibition of the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway did not affect the acquisition of embryo identity, but significantly reduced or completely inhibited the formation of pro-embryos. Co-application of IAA with auxin biosynthesis inhibitors in the AHL15-induced SE system rescued differentiated somatic embryo formation, confirming that increased IAA levels are important during the last two stages of SE. Our analyses also showed that polar auxin transport, with AUXIN/LIKE-AUX influx and PIN-FORMED1 efflux carriers as important drivers, is required for the transition of embryonic cells to proembryos and, later, for correct cell fate specification and differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that endogenous IAA biosynthesis and its polar transport are not required for the acquisition of embryo identity, but rather to maintain embryonic cell identity and for the formation of multicellular proembryos and their development into histodifferentiated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Philipsen
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Plus ProjectsZwaardstraat 162584 TXThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Annisa Ratna Nurillah
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
BearingPoint CaribbeanKaya Flamboyan 7WillemstadCuraçao
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
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2
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Chen B, Liu J, Wang D, Li M, Qi X, Liu C, Boutilier K, Chen S. Establishment of a dmp based maternal haploid induction system for polyploid Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:1281-1294. [PMID: 35249255 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) technology is used to obtain homozygous lines in a single generation, a technique that significantly accelerates the crop breeding trajectory. Traditionally, in vitro culture is used to generate DHs, but this technique is limited by species and genotype recalcitrance. In vivo haploid induction (HI) through seed is widely and efficiently used in maize and was recently extended to several other crops. Here we show that in vivo HI can be triggered by mutation of DMP maternal haploid inducer genes in allopolyploid (allotetraploid) Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. We developed a pipeline for selection of DMP orthologs for clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats mutagenesis and demonstrated average amphihaploid induction rates of 2.4% and 1.2% in multiple B. napus and N. tabacum genotypes, respectively. These results further confirmed the HI ability of DMP gene in polyploid dicot crops. The DMP-HI system offers a novel DH technology to facilitate breeding in these crops. The success of this approach and the conservation of DMP genes in dicots suggest the broad applicability of this technique in other dicot crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinchu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengran Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Li M, Wrobel-Marek J, Heidmann I, Horstman A, Chen B, Reis R, Angenent GC, Boutilier K. Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1095-1110. [PMID: 34865162 PMCID: PMC8825264 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a type of plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from nonreproductive (vegetative) cells without fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by auxins, and by ectopic expression of embryo-expressed transcription factors like the BABY BOOM (BBM) AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR domain protein. These different pathways are thought to converge to promote auxin response and biosynthesis, but the specific roles of the endogenous auxin pathway in somatic embryogenesis induction have not been well-characterized. Here we show that BBM transcriptionally regulates the YUCCA3 (YUC3) and YUC8 auxin biosynthesis genes during BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. BBM induced local and ectopic YUC3 and YUC8 expression in seedlings, which coincided with increased DR5 auxin response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and with ectopic expression of the WOX2 embryo reporter. YUC-driven auxin biosynthesis was required for BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis, as the number of embryogenic explants was reduced by ca. 50% in yuc3 yuc8 mutants and abolished after chemical inhibition of YUC enzyme activity. However, a detailed YUC inhibitor time-course study revealed that YUC-dependent IAA biosynthesis is not required for the re-initiation of totipotent cell identity in seedlings. Rather, YUC enzymes are required later in somatic embryo development for the maintenance of embryo identity and growth. This study resolves a long-standing question about the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in transcription factor-mediated somatic embryogenesis and also provides an experimental framework for understanding the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in other in planta and in vitro embryogenesis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands
| | - Justyna Wrobel-Marek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Iris Heidmann
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V, Enkhuizen, 1602 DB, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Horstman
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands
| | - Baojian Chen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Reis
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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4
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Zhong Y, Chen B, Wang D, Zhu X, Li M, Zhang J, Chen M, Wang M, Riksen T, Liu J, Qi X, Wang Y, Cheng D, Liu Z, Li J, Chen C, Jiao Y, Liu W, Huang S, Liu C, Boutilier K, Chen S. In vivo maternal haploid induction in tomato. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:250-252. [PMID: 34850529 PMCID: PMC8753351 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Baojian Chen
- BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dong Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xijian Zhu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Mengran Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of AgricultureSino‐Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsBeijingChina
| | - Ming Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tjitske Riksen
- BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jinchu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuwen Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dehe Cheng
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zongkai Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinlong Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxin Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kim Boutilier
- BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize BreedingMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Camacho-Fernández C, Seguí-Simarro JM, Mir R, Boutilier K, Corral-Martínez P. Cell Wall Composition and Structure Define the Developmental Fate of Embryogenic Microspores in Brassica napus. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:737139. [PMID: 34691114 PMCID: PMC8526864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microspore cultures generate a heterogeneous population of embryogenic structures that can be grouped into highly embryogenic structures [exine-enclosed (EE) and loose bicellular structures (LBS)] and barely embryogenic structures [compact callus (CC) and loose callus (LC) structures]. Little is known about the factors behind these different responses. In this study we performed a comparative analysis of the composition and architecture of the cell walls of each structure by confocal and quantitative electron microscopy. Each structure presented specific cell wall characteristics that defined their developmental fate. EE and LBS structures, which are responsible for most of the viable embryos, showed a specific profile with thin walls rich in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), highly and low methyl-esterified pectin and callose, and a callose-rich subintinal layer not necessarily thick, but with a remarkably high callose concentration. The different profiles of EE and LBS walls support the development as suspensorless and suspensor-bearing embryos, respectively. Conversely, less viable embryogenic structures (LC) presented the thickest walls and the lowest values for almost all of the studied cell wall components. These cell wall properties would be the less favorable for cell proliferation and embryo progression. High levels of highly methyl-esterified pectin are necessary for wall flexibility and growth of highly embryogenic structures. AGPs seem to play a role in cell wall stiffness, possibly due to their putative role as calcium capacitors, explaining the positive relationship between embryogenic potential and calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M. Seguí-Simarro
- Cell Biology Group, COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mir
- Cell Biology Group, COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Patricia Corral-Martínez
- Cell Biology Group, COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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6
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Chen B, Fiers M, Dekkers BJW, Maas L, van Esse GW, Angenent GC, Zhao Y, Boutilier K. ABA signalling promotes cell totipotency in the shoot apex of germinating embryos. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:6418-6436. [PMID: 34175924 PMCID: PMC8483786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a type of induced cell totipotency where embryos develop from vegetative tissues of the plant instead of from gamete fusion after fertilization. SE can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to growth regulators, such as the auxinic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been proposed to be a downstream signalling component at the intersection between 2,4-D- and stress-induced SE, but it is not known how these pathways interact to induce cell totipotency. Here we show that 2,4-D-induced SE from the shoot apex of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds is characterized by transcriptional maintenance of an ABA-dependent seed maturation pathway. Molecular-genetic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants revealed a role for ABA in promoting SE at three different levels: ABA biosynthesis, ABA receptor complex signalling, and ABA-mediated transcription, with essential roles for the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI4 transcription factors. Our data suggest that the ability of mature Arabidopsis embryos to maintain the ABA seed maturation environment is an important first step in establishing competence for auxin-induced cell totipotency. This finding provides further support for the role of ABA in directing processes other than abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Chen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Fiers
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas J W Dekkers
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, AA, Netherlands
| | - Lena Maas
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - G Wilma van Esse
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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7
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Corral-Martínez P, Siemons C, Horstman A, Angenent GC, de Ruijter N, Boutilier K. Live Imaging of embryogenic structures in Brassica napus microspore embryo cultures highlights the developmental plasticity of induced totipotent cells. Plant Reprod 2020; 33:143-158. [PMID: 32651727 PMCID: PMC7648746 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro embryo development is highly plastic; embryo cell fate can be re-established in tissue culture through different pathways. In most angiosperms, embryo development from the single-celled zygote follows a defined pattern of cell divisions in which apical (embryo proper) and basal (root and suspensor) cell fates are established within the first cell divisions. By contrast, embryos that are induced in vitro in the absence of fertilization show a less regular initial cell division pattern yet develop into histodifferentiated embryos that can be converted into seedlings. We used the Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system, in which the male gametophyte is reprogrammed in vitro to form haploid embryos, to identify the developmental fates of the different types of embryogenic structures found in culture. Using time-lapse imaging of LEAFY COTYLEDON1-expressing cells, we show that embryogenic cell clusters with very different morphologies are able to form haploid embryos. The timing of surrounding pollen wall (exine) rupture is a major determinant of cell fate in these clusters, with early exine rupture leading to the formation of suspensor-bearing embryos and late rupture to suspensorless embryos. In addition, we show that embryogenic callus, which develops into suspensor-bearing embryos, initially expresses transcripts associated with both basal- and apical-embryo cell fates, suggesting that these two cell fates are fixed later in development. This study reveals the inherent plasticity of in vitro embryo development and identifies new pathways by which embryo cell fate can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corral-Martínez
- Plant Development Systems, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology Group, COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022, València, Spain
| | - Charlotte Siemons
- Plant Development Systems, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Horstman
- Plant Development Systems, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Plant Development Systems, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Light Microscopy Centre, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 633, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Development Systems, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Godel-Jedrychowska K, Kulinska-Lukaszek K, Horstman A, Soriano M, Li M, Malota K, Boutilier K, Kurczynska EU. Symplasmic isolation marks cell fate changes during somatic embryogenesis. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2612-2628. [PMID: 31974549 PMCID: PMC7210756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell signalling is a major mechanism controlling plant morphogenesis. Transport of signalling molecules through plasmodesmata is one way in which plants promote or restrict intercellular signalling over short distances. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores between cells that regulate the intercellular flow of signalling molecules through changes in their size, creating symplasmic fields of connected cells. Here we examine the role of plasmodesmata and symplasmic communication in the establishment of plant cell totipotency, using somatic embryo induction from Arabidopsis explants as a model system. Cell-to-cell communication was evaluated using fluorescent tracers, supplemented with histological and ultrastructural analysis, and correlated with expression of a WOX2 embryo reporter. We showed that embryogenic cells are isolated symplasmically from non-embryogenic cells regardless of the explant type (immature zygotic embryos or seedlings) and inducer system (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or the BABY BOOM (BBM) transcription factor), but that the symplasmic domains in different explants differ with respect to the maximum size of molecule capable of moving through the plasmodesmata. Callose deposition in plasmodesmata preceded WOX2 expression in future sites of somatic embryo development, but later was greatly reduced in WOX2-expressing domains. Callose deposition was also associated with a decrease DR5 auxin response in embryogenic tissue. Treatment of explants with the callose biosynthesis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose supressed somatic embryo formation in all three systems studied, and also blocked the observed decrease in DR5 expression. Together these data suggest that callose deposition at plasmodesmata is required for symplasmic isolation and establishment of cell totipotency in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Godel-Jedrychowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulinska-Lukaszek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anneke Horstman
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Soriano
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mengfan Li
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Karol Malota
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ewa U Kurczynska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Zhong Y, Chen B, Li M, Wang D, Jiao Y, Qi X, Wang M, Liu Z, Chen C, Wang Y, Chen M, Li J, Xiao Z, Cheng D, Liu W, Boutilier K, Liu C, Chen S. A DMP-triggered in vivo maternal haploid induction system in the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis. Nat Plants 2020; 6:466-472. [PMID: 32415294 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid technology using inducer lines carrying mutations in ZmPLA1/MTL/NLD and ZmDMP1-4 has revolutionized traditional maize breeding. ZmPLA1/MTL/NLD is conserved in monocots and has been used to extend the system from maize to other monocots5-7, but no functional orthologue has been identified in dicots, while ZmDMP-like genes exist in both monocots and dicots4,8,9. Here, we report that loss-of-function mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana ZmDMP-like genes AtDMP8 and AtDMP9 induce maternal haploids, with an average haploid induction rate of 2.1 ± 1.1%. In addition, to facilitate haploid seed identification in dicots, we established an efficient FAST-Red fluorescent marker-based haploid identification system that enables the identification of haploid seeds with >90% accuracy. These results show that mutations in DMP genes also trigger haploid induction in dicots. The conserved expression patterns and amino acid sequences of ZmDMP-like genes in dicots suggest that DMP mutations could be used to develop in vivo haploid induction systems in dicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengran Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dehe Cheng
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Ultilization/Engineering Research Center for Maize Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Horstman A, Bemer M, Boutilier K. A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:201-216. [PMID: 29299323 PMCID: PMC5743784 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo‐ and meristem‐expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin‐modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone‐ and transcription‐factor‐induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo‐inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Horstman
- Bioscience Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bemer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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11
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Horstman A, Li M, Heidmann I, Weemen M, Chen B, Muino JM, Angenent GC, Boutilier K. The BABY BOOM Transcription Factor Activates the LEC1-ABI3-FUS3-LEC2 Network to Induce Somatic Embryogenesis. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:848-857. [PMID: 28830937 PMCID: PMC5619889 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is an example of induced cellular totipotency, where embryos develop from vegetative cells rather than from gamete fusion. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to growth regulators and/or stress treatments. The BABY BOOM (BBM) and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and LEC2 transcription factors are key regulators of plant cell totipotency, as ectopic overexpression of either transcription factor induces somatic embryo formation from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings without exogenous growth regulators or stress treatments. Although LEC and BBM proteins regulate the same developmental process, it is not known whether they function in the same molecular pathway. We show that BBM transcriptionally regulates LEC1 and LEC2, as well as the two other LAFL genes, FUSCA3 (FUS3) and ABSCISIC ACIDINSENSITIVE3 (ABI3). LEC2 and ABI3 quantitatively regulate BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis, while FUS3 and LEC1 are essential for this process. BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis is dose and context dependent, and the context-dependent phenotypes are associated with differential LAFL expression. We also uncover functional redundancy for somatic embryogenesis among other Arabidopsis BBM-like proteins and show that one of these proteins, PLETHORA2, also regulates LAFL gene expression. Our data place BBM upstream of other major regulators of plant embryo identity and totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Horstman
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengfan Li
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Heidmann
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Enza Zaden Research and Development, 1602 DB Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Weemen
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baojian Chen
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M Muino
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Lozano-Sotomayor P, Chávez Montes RA, Silvestre-Vañó M, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Greco R, Pablo-Villa J, Galliani BM, Diaz-Ramirez D, Weemen M, Boutilier K, Pereira A, Colombo L, Madueño F, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Altered expression of the bZIP transcription factor DRINK ME affects growth and reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2016; 88:437-451. [PMID: 27402171 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe an uncharacterized gene that negatively influences Arabidopsis growth and reproductive development. DRINK ME (DKM; bZIP30) is a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, and is expressed in meristematic tissues such as the inflorescence meristem (IM), floral meristem (FM), and carpel margin meristem (CMM). Altered DKM expression affects meristematic tissues and reproductive organ development, including the gynoecium, which is the female reproductive structure and is determinant for fertility and sexual reproduction. A microarray analysis indicates that DKM overexpression affects the expression of cell cycle, cell wall, organ initiation, cell elongation, hormone homeostasis, and meristem activity genes. Furthermore, DKM can interact in yeast and in planta with proteins involved in shoot apical meristem maintenance such as WUSCHEL, KNAT1/BP, KNAT2 and JAIBA, and with proteins involved in medial tissue development in the gynoecium such as HECATE, BELL1 and NGATHA1. Taken together, our results highlight the relevance of DKM as a negative modulator of Arabidopsis growth and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Ricardo A Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Marina Silvestre-Vañó
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | | | - Jeanneth Pablo-Villa
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Bianca M Galliani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Diaz-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Mieke Weemen
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
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13
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Robert HS, Grunewald W, Sauer M, Cannoot B, Soriano M, Swarup R, Weijers D, Bennett M, Boutilier K, Friml J. Plant embryogenesis requires AUX/LAX-mediated auxin influx. Development 2015; 142:702-11. [PMID: 25617434 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin and its directional transport are known to play a crucial role in defining the embryonic axis and subsequent development of the body plan. Although the role of PIN auxin efflux transporters has been clearly assigned during embryonic shoot and root specification, the role of the auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) proteins is not well established. Here, we used chemical and genetic tools on Brassica napus microspore-derived embryos and Arabidopsis thaliana zygotic embryos, and demonstrate that AUX1, LAX1 and LAX2 are required for both shoot and root pole formation, in concert with PIN efflux carriers. Furthermore, we uncovered a positive-feedback loop between MONOPTEROS (ARF5)-dependent auxin signalling and auxin transport. This MONOPTEROS-dependent transcriptional regulation of auxin influx (AUX1, LAX1 and LAX2) and auxin efflux (PIN1 and PIN4) carriers by MONOPTEROS helps to maintain proper auxin transport to the root tip. These results indicate that auxin-dependent cell specification during embryo development requires balanced auxin transport involving both influx and efflux mechanisms, and that this transport is maintained by a positive transcriptional feedback on auxin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wim Grunewald
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Sauer
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany Departamento Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Soriano
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiří Friml
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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14
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Horstman A, Fukuoka H, Muino JM, Nitsch L, Guo C, Passarinho P, Sanchez-Perez G, Immink R, Angenent G, Boutilier K. AIL and HDG proteins act antagonistically to control cell proliferation. Development 2015; 142:454-64. [PMID: 25564655 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aintegumenta-like (AIL) transcription factors are key regulators of cell proliferation and meristem identity. Although AIL functions have been well described, the direct signalling components of this pathway are largely unknown. We show that baby boom (BBM) and other AIL proteins physically interact with multiple members of the L1-expressed homeodomain glabrous (HDG) transcription factor family, including HDG1, HDG11 and HDG12. Overexpression of HDG1, HDG11 and HDG12 restricts growth due to root and shoot meristem arrest, which is associated with reduced expression of genes involved in meristem development and cell proliferation pathways, whereas downregulation of multiple HDG genes promotes cell overproliferation. These results suggest a role for HDG proteins in promoting cell differentiation. We also reveal a transcriptional network in which BBM and HDG1 regulate several common target genes, and where BBM/AIL and HDG regulate the expression of each other. Taken together, these results suggest opposite roles for AIL and HDG proteins, with AILs promoting cell proliferation and HDGs stimulating cell differentiation, and that these functions are mediated at both the protein-protein interaction and transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Horstman
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuoka
- Vegetable Breeding and Genome Research Division, NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Jose M Muino
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Lisette Nitsch
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Dreijenlaan 3, Wageningen 6703 HA, The Netherlands
| | - Changhua Guo
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Passarinho
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Gabino Sanchez-Perez
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands Wageningen University, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Immink
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco Angenent
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands Wageningen University, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Capsicum (pepper) species are economically important crops that are recalcitrant to genetic transformation by Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). A number of protocols for pepper transformation have been described but are not routinely applicable. The main bottleneck in pepper transformation is the low frequency of cells that are both susceptible for Agrobacterium infection and have the ability to regenerate. Here, we describe a protocol for the efficient regeneration of transgenic sweet pepper (C. annuum) through inducible activation of the BABY BOOM (BBM) AP2/ERF transcription factor. Using this approach, we can routinely achieve a transformation efficiency of at least 0.6 %. The main improvements in this protocol are the reproducibility in transforming different genotypes and the ability to produce fertile shoots. An added advantage of this protocol is that BBM activity can be induced subsequently in stable transgenic lines, providing a novel regeneration system for clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Heidmann
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V., P.O. Box 7, 1600 AA, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
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16
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Pino Del Carpio D, Basnet RK, Arends D, Lin K, De Vos RCH, Muth D, Kodde J, Boutilier K, Bucher J, Wang X, Jansen R, Bonnema G. Regulatory network of secondary metabolism in Brassica rapa: insight into the glucosinolate pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107123. [PMID: 25222144 PMCID: PMC4164526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa studies towards metabolic variation have largely been focused on the profiling of the diversity of metabolic compounds in specific crop types or regional varieties, but none aimed to identify genes with regulatory function in metabolite composition. Here we followed a genetical genomics approach to identify regulatory genes for six biosynthetic pathways of health-related phytochemicals, i.e carotenoids, tocopherols, folates, glucosinolates, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Leaves from six weeks-old plants of a Brassica rapa doubled haploid population, consisting of 92 genotypes, were profiled for their secondary metabolite composition, using both targeted and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics approaches. Furthermore, the same population was profiled for transcript variation using a microarray containing EST sequences mainly derived from three Brassica species: B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea. The biochemical pathway analysis was based on the network analyses of both metabolite QTLs (mQTLs) and transcript QTLs (eQTLs). Co-localization of mQTLs and eQTLs lead to the identification of candidate regulatory genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, tocopherols and glucosinolates. We subsequently focused on the well-characterized glucosinolate pathway and revealed two hotspots of co-localization of eQTLs with mQTLs in linkage groups A03 and A09. Our results indicate that such a large-scale genetical genomics approach combining transcriptomics and metabolomics data can provide new insights into the genetic regulation of metabolite composition of Brassica vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Pino Del Carpio
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ram Kumar Basnet
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Arends
- Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Ke Lin
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- BU Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorota Muth
- BU Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kodde
- BU Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- BU Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bucher
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IVF, CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ritsert Jansen
- Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IVF, CAAS), Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Soriano M, Li H, Jacquard C, Angenent GC, Krochko J, Offringa R, Boutilier K. Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin Transport Dependency during in Vitro Embryogenesis in Brassica napus. Plant Cell 2014; 26:2568-2581. [PMID: 24951481 PMCID: PMC4114952 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, zygotic embryo divisions are highly regular, but it is not clear how embryo patterning is established in species or culture systems with irregular cell divisions. We investigated this using the Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system, where the male gametophyte is reprogrammed in vitro to form haploid embryos in the absence of exogenous growth regulators. Microspore embryos are formed via two pathways: a zygotic-like pathway, characterized by initial suspensor formation followed by embryo proper formation from the distal cell of the suspensor, and a pathway characterized by initially unorganized embryos lacking a suspensor. Using embryo fate and auxin markers, we show that the zygotic-like pathway requires polar auxin transport for embryo proper specification from the suspensor, while the suspensorless pathway is polar auxin transport independent and marked by an initial auxin maximum, suggesting early embryo proper establishment in the absence of a basal suspensor. Polarity establishment in this suspensorless pathway was triggered and guided by rupture of the pollen exine. Irregular division patterns did not affect cell fate establishment in either pathway. These results confirm the importance of the suspensor and suspensor-driven auxin transport in patterning, but also uncover a mechanism where cell patterning is less regular and independent of auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Soriano
- Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Li
- Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Krochko
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Remko Offringa
- Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Horstman A, Tonaco IAN, Boutilier K, Immink RGH. A cautionary note on the use of split-YFP/BiFC in plant protein-protein interaction studies. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9628-43. [PMID: 24886811 PMCID: PMC4100113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction in plants 10 years ago, the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) method, or split-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein), has gained popularity within the plant biology field as a method to study protein-protein interactions. BiFC is based on the restoration of fluorescence after the two non-fluorescent halves of a fluorescent protein are brought together by a protein-protein interaction event. The major drawback of BiFC is that the fluorescent protein halves are prone to self-assembly independent of a protein-protein interaction event. To circumvent this problem, several modifications of the technique have been suggested, but these modifications have not lead to improvements in plant BiFC protocols. Therefore, it remains crucial to include appropriate internal controls. Our literature survey of recent BiFC studies in plants shows that most studies use inappropriate controls, and a qualitative rather than quantitative read-out of fluorescence. Therefore, we provide a cautionary note and beginner’s guideline for the setup of BiFC experiments, discussing each step of the protocol, including vector choice, plant expression systems, negative controls, and signal detection. In addition, we present our experience with BiFC with respect to self-assembly, peptide linkers, and incubation temperature. With this note, we aim to provide a guideline that will improve the quality of plant BiFC experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Horstman
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Horstman A, Willemsen V, Boutilier K, Heidstra R. AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE proteins: hubs in a plethora of networks. Trends Plant Sci 2014; 19:146-57. [PMID: 24280109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) family of APETALA 2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain transcription factors are expressed in all dividing tissues in the plant, where they have central roles in developmental processes such as embryogenesis, stem cell niche specification, meristem maintenance, organ positioning, and growth. When overexpressed, AIL proteins induce adventitious growth, including somatic embryogenesis and ectopic organ formation. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains eight AIL genes, including AINTEGUMENTA, BABY BOOM, and the PLETHORA genes. Studies on these transcription factors have revealed their intricate relationship with auxin as well as their involvement in an increasing number of gene regulatory networks, in which extensive crosstalk and feedback loops have a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Horstman
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Li H, Soriano M, Cordewener J, Muiño JM, Riksen T, Fukuoka H, Angenent GC, Boutilier K. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a promotes totipotency in the male gametophyte. Plant Cell 2014; 26:195-209. [PMID: 24464291 PMCID: PMC3963568 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The haploid male gametophyte, the pollen grain, is a terminally differentiated structure whose function ends at fertilization. Plant breeding and propagation widely use haploid embryo production from in vitro-cultured male gametophytes, but this technique remains poorly understood at the mechanistic level. Here, we show that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the switch to haploid embryogenesis. Blocking HDAC activity with trichostatin A (TSA) in cultured male gametophytes of Brassica napus leads to a large increase in the proportion of cells that switch from pollen to embryogenic growth. Embryogenic growth is enhanced by, but not dependent on, the high-temperature stress that is normally used to induce haploid embryogenesis in B. napus. The male gametophyte of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is recalcitrant to haploid embryo development in culture, also forms embryogenic cell clusters after TSA treatment. Genetic analysis suggests that the HDAC protein HDA17 plays a role in this process. TSA treatment of male gametophytes is associated with the hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. We propose that the totipotency of the male gametophyte is kept in check by an HDAC-dependent mechanism and that the stress treatments used to induce haploid embryo development in culture impinge on this HDAC-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Soriano
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Cordewener
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Muiño
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tjitske Riksen
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuoka
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Bioscience, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to
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21
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Soriano M, Li H, Boutilier K. Microspore embryogenesis: establishment of embryo identity and pattern in culture. Plant Reprod 2013; 26:181-196. [PMID: 23852380 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0226-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The developmental plasticity of plants is beautifully illustrated by the competence of the immature male gametophyte to change its developmental fate from pollen to embryo development when exposed to stress treatments in culture. This process, referred to as microspore embryogenesis, is widely exploited in plant breeding, but also provides a unique system to understand totipotency and early cell fate decisions. We summarize the major concepts that have arisen from decades of cell and molecular studies on microspore embryogenesis and put these in the context of recent experiments, as well as results obtained from the study of pollen and zygotic embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Soriano
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Soriano M, Li H, Boutilier K. Microspore embryogenesis: establishment of embryo identity and pattern in culture. Plant Reprod 2013; 26:181-96. [PMID: 23852380 PMCID: PMC3747321 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The developmental plasticity of plants is beautifully illustrated by the competence of the immature male gametophyte to change its developmental fate from pollen to embryo development when exposed to stress treatments in culture. This process, referred to as microspore embryogenesis, is widely exploited in plant breeding, but also provides a unique system to understand totipotency and early cell fate decisions. We summarize the major concepts that have arisen from decades of cell and molecular studies on microspore embryogenesis and put these in the context of recent experiments, as well as results obtained from the study of pollen and zygotic embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Soriano
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Li
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Heidmann I, de Lange B, Lambalk J, Angenent GC, Boutilier K. Efficient sweet pepper transformation mediated by the BABY BOOM transcription factor. Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:1107-15. [PMID: 21305301 PMCID: PMC3092944 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum L.) is a nutritionally and economically important crop that is cultivated throughout the world as a vegetable, condiment, and food additive. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (agrobacterium) is a powerful biotechnology tool that could be used in pepper to develop community-based functional genomics resources and to introduce important agronomic traits. However, pepper is considered to be highly recalcitrant for agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and current transformation protocols are either inefficient, cumbersome or highly genotype dependent. The main bottleneck in pepper transformation is the inability to generate cells that are competent for both regeneration and transformation. Here, we report that ectopic expression of the Brassica napus BABY BOOM AP2/ERF transcription factor overcomes this bottleneck and can be used to efficiently regenerate transgenic plants from otherwise recalcitrant sweet pepper (C. annuum) varieties. Transient activation of BABY BOOM in the progeny plants induced prolific cell regeneration and was used to produce a large number of somatic embryos that could be converted readily to seedlings. The data highlight the utility of combining biotechnology and classical plant tissue culture approaches to develop an efficient transformation and regeneration system for a highly recalcitrant vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Heidmann
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V, P.O. Box 7, 1600 AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda de Lange
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V, P.O. Box 7, 1600 AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Lambalk
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V, P.O. Box 7, 1600 AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Gorte M, Horstman A, Page RB, Heidstra R, Stromberg A, Boutilier K. Microarray-based identification of transcription factor target genes. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 754:119-41. [PMID: 21720950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-154-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microarray analysis is widely used to identify transcriptional changes associated with genetic perturbation or signaling events. Here we describe its application in the identification of plant transcription factor target genes with emphasis on the design of suitable DNA constructs for controlling TF activity, the experimental setup, the statistical analysis of the microarray data, and the validation of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Gorte
- Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Boutilier K. Project Transcontainer. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-009-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Jacquard C, Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre F, Devaux P, Boutilier K, Baillieul F, Clément C. Microspore embryogenesis in barley: anther pre-treatment stimulates plant defence gene expression. Planta 2009; 229:393-402. [PMID: 18974997 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microspore embryogenesis (ME) is a process in which the gametophytic pollen programme of the microspore is reoriented towards a new embryo sporophytic programme. This process requires a stress treatment, usually performed in the anther or isolated microspores for several days. Despite the universal use of stress to induce ME, very few studies have addressed the physiological processes that occur in the anther during this step. To further understand the processes triggered by stress treatment, we followed the response of anthers by measuring the expression of stress-related genes in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars differing in their ME response. Genes encoding enzymes involved in oxidative stress (glutathione-S-transferase, GST; oxalate oxidase, OxO), in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (13-lipoxygenase, Lox; allene oxide cyclase, AOC; allene oxide synthase, AOS) and in the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL), as well as those encoding PR proteins (Barwin, chitinase 2b, Chit 2b; glucanase, Gluc; basic pathogenesis-related protein 1, PR1; pathogenesis-related protein 10, PR10) were up-regulated in whole anthers upon stress treatment, indicating that anther perceives stress and reacts by triggering general plant defence mechanisms. In particular, both OxO and Chit 2b genes are good markers of anther reactivity owing to their high level of induction during the stress treatment. The effect of copper sulphate appeared to limit the expression of defence-related genes, which may be correlated with its positive effect on the yield of microspore embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Jacquard
- Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC UPRES EA 2069, UFR Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
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27
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Passarinho P, Ketelaar T, Xing M, van Arkel J, Maliepaard C, Hendriks MW, Joosen R, Lammers M, Herdies L, den Boer B, van der Geest L, Boutilier K. BABY BOOM target genes provide diverse entry points into cell proliferation and cell growth pathways. Plant Mol Biol 2008; 68:225-37. [PMID: 18663586 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of the Brassica napus BABY BOOM (BBM) AP2/ERF transcription factor is sufficient to induce spontaneous cell proliferation leading primarily to somatic embryogenesis, but also to organogenesis and callus formation. We used DNA microarray analysis in combination with a post-translationally regulated BBM:GR protein and cycloheximide to identify target genes that are directly activated by BBM expression in Arabidopsis seedlings. We show that BBM activated the expression of a largely uncharacterized set of genes encoding proteins with potential roles in transcription, cellular signaling, cell wall biosynthesis and targeted protein turnover. A number of the target genes have been shown to be expressed in meristems or to be involved in cell wall modifications associated with dividing/growing cells. One of the BBM target genes encodes an ADF/cofilin protein, ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR9 (ADF9). The consequences of BBM:GR activation on the actin cytoskeleton were followed using the GFP:FIMBRIN ACTIN BINDING DOMAIN2 (GFP:FABD) actin marker. Dexamethasone-mediated BBM:GR activation induced dramatic changes in actin organization resulting in the formation of dense actin networks with high turnover rates, a phenotype that is consistent with cells that are rapidly undergoing cytoplasmic reorganization. Together the data suggest that the BBM transcription factor activates a complex network of developmental pathways associated with cell proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Passarinho
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Stasolla C, Belmonte MF, Tahir M, Elhiti M, Khamiss K, Joosen R, Maliepaard C, Sharpe A, Gjetvaj B, Boutilier K. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-mediated improvement in cultured embryo quality in vitro entails changes in ascorbate metabolism, meristem development and embryo maturation. Planta 2008; 228:255-72. [PMID: 18458948 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Applications of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH (reduced glutathione), which switches the cellular glutathione pool towards the oxidized form GSSG, positively influences embryo quality by improving the structure of the shoot apical meristem and promoting embryo maturation, both of which improve the post-embryonic performance of the embryos. To investigate the mechanisms underlying BSO-mediated improvement in embryo quality the transcript profiles of developing Brassica napus microspore-derived embryos cultured in the absence (control) or presence of BSO were analyzed using a 15,000-element B. napus oligo microarray. BSO applications induced major changes in transcript accumulation patterns, especially during the late phases of embryogenesis. BSO affected the transcription and activities of key enzymes involved in ascorbate metabolism, which resulted in major fluctuations in cellular ascorbate levels. These changes were related to morphological characteristics of the embryos and their post-embryonic performance. BSO applications also activated many genes controlling meristem formation and function, including ZWILLE, SHOOTMERISTEMLESS, and ARGONAUTE 1. Increased expression of these genes may contribute to the improved structural quality of the shoot poles observed in the presence of BSO. Compared to their control counterparts, middle- and late-stage BSO-treated embryos also showed increased accumulation of transcripts associated with the maturation phase of zygotic embryo development, including genes encoding ABA-responsive proteins and storage- and late-embryogenic abundant (LEA) proteins. Overall these transcriptional changes support the observation that the BSO-induced oxidized glutathione redox state allows cultured embryos to reach both morphological and physiological maturity, which in turn guarantees successful regeneration and enhanced post-embryonic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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29
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Supena EDJ, Winarto B, Riksen T, Dubas E, van Lammeren A, Offringa R, Boutilier K, Custers J. Regeneration of zygotic-like microspore-derived embryos suggests an important role for the suspensor in early embryo patterning. J Exp Bot 2008; 59:803-14. [PMID: 18272920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The inaccessibility of the zygote and proembryos of angiosperms within the surrounding maternal and filial tissues has hampered studies on early plant embryogenesis. Somatic and gametophytic embryo cultures are often used as alternative systems for molecular and biochemical studies on early embryogenesis, but are not widely used in developmental studies due to differences in the early cell division patterns with seed embryos. A new Brassica napus microspore embryo culture system, wherein embryogenesis highly mimics zygotic embryo development, is reported here. In this new system, the donor microspore first divides transversely to form a filamentous structure, from which the distal cell forms the embryo proper, while the lower part resembles the suspensor. In conventional microspore embryogenesis, the microspore divides randomly to form an embryonic mass that after a while establishes a protoderm and subsequently shows delayed histodifferentiation. In contrast, the embryo proper of filament-bearing microspore-derived embryos undergoes the same ordered pattern of cell division and early histodifferentiation as in the zygotic embryo. This observation suggests an important role for the suspensor in early zygotic embryo patterning and histodifferentiation. This is the first in vitro system wherein single differentiated cells in culture can efficiently regenerate embryos that are morphologically comparable to zygotic embryos. The system provides a powerful in vitro tool for studying the diverse developmental processes that take place during the early stages of plant embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ence Darmo Jaya Supena
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Joosen R, Cordewener J, Supena EDJ, Vorst O, Lammers M, Maliepaard C, Zeilmaker T, Miki B, America T, Custers J, Boutilier K. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identifies pathways and markers associated with the establishment of rapeseed microspore-derived embryo development. Plant Physiol 2007; 144:155-72. [PMID: 17384159 PMCID: PMC1913807 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.098723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microspore-derived embryo (MDE) cultures are used as a model system to study plant cell totipotency and as an in vitro system to study embryo development. We characterized and compared the transcriptome and proteome of rapeseed (Brassica napus) MDEs from the few-celled stage to the globular/heart stage using two MDE culture systems: conventional cultures in which MDEs initially develop as unorganized clusters that usually lack a suspensor, and a novel suspensor-bearing embryo culture system in which the embryo proper originates from the distal cell of a suspensor-like structure and undergoes the same ordered cell divisions as the zygotic embryo. Improved histodifferentiation of suspensor-bearing MDEs suggests a new role for the suspensor in driving embryo cell identity and patterning. An MDE culture cDNA array and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein sequencing were used to compile global and specific expression profiles for the two types of MDE cultures. Analysis of the identities of 220 candidate embryo markers, as well as the identities of 32 sequenced embryo up-regulated protein spots, indicate general roles for protein synthesis, glycolysis, and ascorbate metabolism in the establishment of MDE development. A collection of 135 robust markers for the transition to MDE development was identified, a number of which may be coregulated at the gene and protein expression level. Comparison of the expression profiles of preglobular-stage conventional MDEs and suspensor-bearing MDEs identified genes whose differential expression may reflect improved histodifferentiation of suspensor-bearing embryos. This collection of early embryo-expressed genes and proteins serves as a starting point for future marker development and gene function studies aimed at understanding the molecular regulation of cell totipotency and early embryo development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Joosen
- Business Units Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Srinivasan C, Liu Z, Heidmann I, Supena EDJ, Fukuoka H, Joosen R, Lambalk J, Angenent G, Scorza R, Custers JBM, Boutilier K. Heterologous expression of the BABY BOOM AP2/ERF transcription factor enhances the regeneration capacity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Planta 2007; 225:341-51. [PMID: 16924539 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gain-of-function studies have shown that ectopic expression of the BABY BOOM (BBM) AP2/ERF domain transcription factor is sufficient to induce spontaneous somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh) and Brassica napus (B. napus L.) seedlings. Here we examined the effect of ectopic BBM expression on the development and regenerative capacity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) through heterologous expression of Arabidopsis and B. napus BBM genes. 35S::BBM tobacco lines exhibited a number of the phenotypes previously observed in 35S::BBM Arabidopsis and B. napus transgenics, including callus formation, leaf rumpling, and sterility, but they did not undergo spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. 35S::BBM plants with severe ectopic expression phenotypes could not be assessed for enhanced regeneration at the seedling stage due to complete male and female sterility of the primary transformants, therefore fertile BBM ectopic expression lines with strong misexpression phenotypes were generated by expressing a steroid-inducible, post-translationally controlled BBM fusion protein (BBM:GR) under the control of a 35S promoter. These lines exhibited spontaneous shoot and root formation, while somatic embryogenesis could be induced from in-vitro germinated seedling hypocotyls cultured on media supplemented with cytokinin. Together these results suggest that ectopic BBM expression in transgenic tobacco also activates cell proliferation pathways, but differences exist between Arabidopsis/B. napus and N. tabacum with respect to their competence to respond to the BBM signalling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnathambi Srinivasan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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Alfarano C, Andrade CE, Anthony K, Bahroos N, Bajec M, Bantoft K, Betel D, Bobechko B, Boutilier K, Burgess E, Buzadzija K, Cavero R, D'Abreo C, Donaldson I, Dorairajoo D, Dumontier MJ, Dumontier MR, Earles V, Farrall R, Feldman H, Garderman E, Gong Y, Gonzaga R, Grytsan V, Gryz E, Gu V, Haldorsen E, Halupa A, Haw R, Hrvojic A, Hurrell L, Isserlin R, Jack F, Juma F, Khan A, Kon T, Konopinsky S, Le V, Lee E, Ling S, Magidin M, Moniakis J, Montojo J, Moore S, Muskat B, Ng I, Paraiso JP, Parker B, Pintilie G, Pirone R, Salama JJ, Sgro S, Shan T, Shu Y, Siew J, Skinner D, Snyder K, Stasiuk R, Strumpf D, Tuekam B, Tao S, Wang Z, White M, Willis R, Wolting C, Wong S, Wrong A, Xin C, Yao R, Yates B, Zhang S, Zheng K, Pawson T, Ouellette BFF, Hogue CWV. The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database and related tools 2005 update. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:D418-24. [PMID: 15608229 PMCID: PMC540005 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND) (http://bind.ca) archives biomolecular interaction, reaction, complex and pathway information. Our aim is to curate the details about molecular interactions that arise from published experimental research and to provide this information, as well as tools to enable data analysis, freely to researchers worldwide. BIND data are curated into a comprehensive machine-readable archive of computable information and provides users with methods to discover interactions and molecular mechanisms. BIND has worked to develop new methods for visualization that amplify the underlying annotation of genes and proteins to facilitate the study of molecular interaction networks. BIND has maintained an open database policy since its inception in 1999. Data growth has proceeded at a tremendous rate, approaching over 100 000 records. New services provided include a new BIND Query and Submission interface, a Standard Object Access Protocol service and the Small Molecule Interaction Database (http://smid.blueprint.org) that allows users to determine probable small molecule binding sites of new sequences and examine conserved binding residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alfarano
- The Blueprint Initiative of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
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33
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Fiers M, Hause G, Boutilier K, Casamitjana-Martinez E, Weijers D, Offringa R, van der Geest L, van Lookeren Campagne M, Liu CM. Mis-expression of the CLV3/ESR-like gene CLE19 in Arabidopsis leads to a consumption of root meristem. Gene 2004; 327:37-49. [PMID: 14960359 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 10/30/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild heat shock treatment (32 degrees C) of isolated Brassica napus microspores triggers a developmental switch from pollen maturation to embryo formation. This in vitro system was used to identify genes expressed in globular to heart-shape transition embryos. One of the genes isolated encodes a putative extra-cellular protein that exhibits high sequence similarity with the in silico identified CLV3/ESR-related 19 polypeptide from Arabidopsis (AtCLE19) and was therefore named BnCLE19. BnCLE19 is expressed in the primordia of cotyledons, sepals and cauline leaves, and in some pericycle cells in the root maturation zone. Mis-expression of BnCLE19 or AtCLE19 in Arabidopsis under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter resulted in a dramatic consumption of the root meristem, the formations of pin-shaped pistils and vascular islands. These results imply a role of CLE19 in promoting cell differentiation or inhibiting cell division.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis/ultrastructure
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Meristem/genetics
- Meristem/growth & development
- Meristem/ultrastructure
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Plant Roots/growth & development
- Plant Roots/ultrastructure
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Pollen/embryology
- Pollen/genetics
- Pollen/growth & development
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Fiers
- Plant Research International, BV, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Batchelor AK, Boutilier K, Miller SS, Hattori J, Bowman LA, Hu M, Lantin S, Johnson DA, Miki BLA. SCB1, a BURP-domain protein gene, from developing soybean seed coats. Planta 2002; 215:523-32. [PMID: 12172833 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-002-0798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2002] [Accepted: 04/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a gene, SCB1 (Seed Coat BURP-domain protein 1), that is expressed specifically within the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) seed coat early in its development. Northern blot analysis and mRNA in situ hybridization revealed novel patterns of gene expression during seed development. SCB1 mRNA accumulated first within the developing thick-walled parenchyma cells of the inner integument and later in the thick- and thin-walled parenchyma cells of the outer integument. This occurred prior to the period of seed coat maturation and seed filling and before either of the layers started to degrade. SCB1 may therefore play a role in the differentiation of the seed coat parenchyma cells. In addition, the protein product appears to be located within cell walls. The SCB1 gene codes for a new member of a class of modular proteins that possess a carboxy-terminal BURP domain and a variety of different repeated sequences. The sequence of the genomic clone revealed the insertion of a Tgm transposable element in the upstream promoter region but it is not certain whether it contributes to the tissue-specific pattern of SCB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea K Batchelor
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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35
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Boutilier K, Offringa R, Sharma VK, Kieft H, Ouellet T, Zhang L, Hattori J, Liu CM, van Lammeren AAM, Miki BLA, Custers JBM, van Lookeren Campagne MM. Ectopic expression of BABY BOOM triggers a conversion from vegetative to embryonic growth. Plant Cell 2002; 14:1737-1749. [PMID: 12172019 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.001941.tissue] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of the embryonic pathway in plants are largely unknown. To obtain more insight into these processes, we used subtractive hybridization to identify genes that are upregulated during the in vitro induction of embryo development from immature pollen grains of Brassica napus (microspore embryogenesis). One of the genes identified, BABY BOOM (BBM), shows similarity to the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors and is expressed preferentially in developing embryos and seeds. Ectopic expression of BBM in Arabidopsis and Brassica led to the spontaneous formation of somatic embryos and cotyledon-like structures on seedlings. Ectopic BBM expression induced additional pleiotropic phenotypes, including neoplastic growth, hormone-free regeneration of explants, and alterations in leaf and flower morphology. The expression pattern of BBM in developing seeds combined with the BBM overexpression phenotype suggests a role for this gene in promoting cell proliferation and morphogenesis during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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36
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Boutilier K, Offringa R, Sharma VK, Kieft H, Ouellet T, Zhang L, Hattori J, Liu CM, van Lammeren AAM, Miki BLA, Custers JBM, van Lookeren Campagne MM. Ectopic expression of BABY BOOM triggers a conversion from vegetative to embryonic growth. Plant Cell 2002; 14:1737-49. [PMID: 12172019 PMCID: PMC151462 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2002] [Accepted: 04/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of the embryonic pathway in plants are largely unknown. To obtain more insight into these processes, we used subtractive hybridization to identify genes that are upregulated during the in vitro induction of embryo development from immature pollen grains of Brassica napus (microspore embryogenesis). One of the genes identified, BABY BOOM (BBM), shows similarity to the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors and is expressed preferentially in developing embryos and seeds. Ectopic expression of BBM in Arabidopsis and Brassica led to the spontaneous formation of somatic embryos and cotyledon-like structures on seedlings. Ectopic BBM expression induced additional pleiotropic phenotypes, including neoplastic growth, hormone-free regeneration of explants, and alterations in leaf and flower morphology. The expression pattern of BBM in developing seeds combined with the BBM overexpression phenotype suggests a role for this gene in promoting cell proliferation and morphogenesis during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Boutilier
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Hecht V, Vielle-Calzada JP, Hartog MV, Schmidt ED, Boutilier K, Grossniklaus U, de Vries SC. The Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:803-16. [PMID: 11706164 PMCID: PMC129253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2001] [Revised: 06/18/2001] [Accepted: 07/16/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of the Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (AtSERK1) gene and we demonstrate its role during establishment of somatic embryogenesis in culture. The AtSERK1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenic cell formation in culture and during early embryogenesis. The AtSERK1 gene is first expressed in planta during megasporogenesis in the nucellus [corrected] of developing ovules, in the functional megaspore, and in all cells of the embryo sac up to fertilization. After fertilization, AtSERK1 expression is seen in all cells of the developing embryo until the heart stage. After this stage, AtSERK1 expression is no longer detectable in the embryo or in any part of the developing seed. Low expression is detected in adult vascular tissue. Ectopic expression of the full-length AtSERK1 cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter did not result in any altered plant phenotype. However, seedlings that overexpressed the AtSERK1 mRNA exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in efficiency for initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Thus, an increased AtSERK1 level is sufficient to confer embryogenic competence in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Hecht V, Vielle-Calzada JP, Hartog MV, Schmidt ED, Boutilier K, Grossniklaus U, de Vries SC. The Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:803-816. [PMID: 11706164 DOI: 10.1104/pp.127.3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of the Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (AtSERK1) gene and we demonstrate its role during establishment of somatic embryogenesis in culture. The AtSERK1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenic cell formation in culture and during early embryogenesis. The AtSERK1 gene is first expressed in planta during megasporogenesis in the nucellus [corrected] of developing ovules, in the functional megaspore, and in all cells of the embryo sac up to fertilization. After fertilization, AtSERK1 expression is seen in all cells of the developing embryo until the heart stage. After this stage, AtSERK1 expression is no longer detectable in the embryo or in any part of the developing seed. Low expression is detected in adult vascular tissue. Ectopic expression of the full-length AtSERK1 cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter did not result in any altered plant phenotype. However, seedlings that overexpressed the AtSERK1 mRNA exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in efficiency for initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Thus, an increased AtSERK1 level is sufficient to confer embryogenic competence in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Hecht V, Vielle-Calzada JP, Hartog MV, Schmidt ED, Boutilier K, Grossniklaus U, de Vries SC. The Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:803-816. [PMID: 11706164 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of the Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (AtSERK1) gene and we demonstrate its role during establishment of somatic embryogenesis in culture. The AtSERK1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenic cell formation in culture and during early embryogenesis. The AtSERK1 gene is first expressed in planta during megasporogenesis in the nucellus [corrected] of developing ovules, in the functional megaspore, and in all cells of the embryo sac up to fertilization. After fertilization, AtSERK1 expression is seen in all cells of the developing embryo until the heart stage. After this stage, AtSERK1 expression is no longer detectable in the embryo or in any part of the developing seed. Low expression is detected in adult vascular tissue. Ectopic expression of the full-length AtSERK1 cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter did not result in any altered plant phenotype. However, seedlings that overexpressed the AtSERK1 mRNA exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in efficiency for initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Thus, an increased AtSERK1 level is sufficient to confer embryogenic competence in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Hecht V, Vielle-Calzada JP, Hartog MV, Schmidt ED, Boutilier K, Grossniklaus U, de Vries SC. The Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11706164 DOI: 10.1104/pp.128.1.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of the Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (AtSERK1) gene and we demonstrate its role during establishment of somatic embryogenesis in culture. The AtSERK1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenic cell formation in culture and during early embryogenesis. The AtSERK1 gene is first expressed in planta during megasporogenesis in the nucellus [corrected] of developing ovules, in the functional megaspore, and in all cells of the embryo sac up to fertilization. After fertilization, AtSERK1 expression is seen in all cells of the developing embryo until the heart stage. After this stage, AtSERK1 expression is no longer detectable in the embryo or in any part of the developing seed. Low expression is detected in adult vascular tissue. Ectopic expression of the full-length AtSERK1 cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter did not result in any altered plant phenotype. However, seedlings that overexpressed the AtSERK1 mRNA exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in efficiency for initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Thus, an increased AtSERK1 level is sufficient to confer embryogenic competence in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Batchelor AK, Boutilier K, Miller SS, Labbé H, Bowman L, Hu M, Johnson DA, Gijzen M, Miki BL. The seed coat-specific expression of a subtilisin-like gene, SCS1, from soybean. Planta 2000; 211:484-92. [PMID: 11030547 DOI: 10.1007/s004250000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A seed coat-specific gene, SCS1 (Seed Coat Subtilisin 1), from soybean, Glycine max [L.] Merill, has been identified and studied. The gene belongs to a small family of genes with sequence similarity to the subtilisins, which are serine proteases. Northern blot analysis showed that SCS1 RNA accumulates to maximal levels in seed coats at 12 days post anthesis, preceding the final stages of seed coat differentiation. The SCS1 RNA was not found in other tissues including embryos, seed pods, flowers, stems, roots or leaves. In-situ hybridization studies confirmed the temporal pattern of expression observed by Northern blot analysis and further revealed a restricted pattern of RNA accumulation in thick-walled parenchyma cells of the seed coats. These cells are important in the apoplastic translocation of nutrients en route to the embryo from the vascular tissues. The tissue-specific subtilisin-like gene may be required for regulating the differentiation of the thick-walled parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Batchelor
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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42
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Gijzen M, Miller SS, Bowman LA, Batchelor AK, Boutilier K, Miki BL. Localization of peroxidase mRNAs in soybean seeds by in situ hybridization. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41:57-63. [PMID: 10561068 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006244500951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The soybean Ep gene encodes an anionic peroxidase enzyme that accumulates in large amounts in seed coat tissues. We have isolated a second peroxidase gene, Prx2, that is also highly expressed in developing seed coat tissues. Sequence analysis of Prx2 cDNA indicates that this transcript encodes a cationic peroxidase isozyme that is far removed from Ep in peroxidase phylogeny. To determine the expression patterns for these two peroxidases in developing seeds, the abundance and localization of the Ep and Prx2 transcripts were compared by in situ hybridization. Results show the expression of Ep begins in a small number of cells flanking the vascular bundle in the seed coat, spreads to encircle the seed, and then migrates to the hourglass cells as they develop. Expression of Prx2 occurs throughout development in all cell layers of the seed coat, and is also evident in the pericarp and embryo. Nonetheless, the Ep-encoded enzyme accounts for virtually all of the peroxidase activity detected in mature seed coats. The Prx2 enzyme is either insoluble in a catalytically inactive form, or is subject to degradation during seed maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Northern
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- In Situ Hybridization
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peroxidase/genetics
- Peroxidases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Seeds/enzymology
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Glycine max/enzymology
- Glycine max/genetics
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gijzen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, Ontario
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43
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44
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Treacy BK, Hattori J, Prud'homme I, Barbour E, Boutilier K, Baszczynski CL, Huang B, Johnson DA, Miki BL. Bnm1, a Brassica pollen-specific gene. Plant Mol Biol 1997; 34:603-11. [PMID: 9247542 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005851801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
cDNA and genomic clones of a new pollen-specific gene, Bnm1, have been isolated from Brassica napus cv. Topas. The gene contains an open reading frame of 546 bp and a single intron of 362 bp. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with sequences in data banks did not show similarity with known proteins. Northern blot analysis of developing pollen showed that Bnm1 mRNA was first detected in bicellular pollen and accumulated to higher levels in tricellular pollen. Bnm1 mRNA was not detected in leaves, stems, roots, pistils, seeds or pollen-derived embryos. RNA in situ hybridization of whole flower buds confirmed that Bnm1 was pollen-specific and expressed late in development. A promoter fragment of the Bnm1 gene fused to the gusA reporter gene yielded similar patterns of tissue specificity and developmental regulation in transgenic B. napus cv. Westar plants; however, the promoter was also active during the early stages of pollen development. The Bnm1 gene, cloned in this study, was derived from the A genome of the allotetraploid species B. napus (AACC). Southern blot analysis indicated that sequences similar to the Bnm1 gene were found in both A and C Brassica genomes. Related sequences were found in all 10 members of the Brassiceae tribe examined, but were not present in all tribes of the Brassicaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Treacy
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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