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Prashant P, Dahiya K, Bansal A, Vashist S, Dokwal S, Prakash G. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a potential early biomarker for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Int J Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 15:1-7. [PMID: 38505131 PMCID: PMC10944712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and chronic, severe complication of diabetes, representing a serious global health concern. Early detection of DN is essential for initiating timely and effective therapeutic interventions and accurately assessing prognosis. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a low molecular weight protein, has emerged as a potential biomarker for DN due to its association with renal injury and its ability to provide early indications of kidney damage. NGAL levels in both serum and urine are elevated in individuals with renal damage, making it a valuable biomarker for detecting early signs of kidney impairment in the context of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the utility of NGAL as an early biomarker for DN and explore its correlation with various clinical parameters associated with the disease. Understanding the relationship between NGAL levels and clinical parameters such as glycemic control, renal function, blood pressure, and duration of diabetes is crucial for comprehensively evaluating the potential of NGAL as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for DN. Furthermore, assessing the sensitivity and specificity of NGAL in detecting early-stage DN will provide valuable insights into its clinical applicability and reliability. METHODOLOGY A planned meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The PubMed database was searched from January 2016 to June 2023 for English-language studies on DN and NGAL. Fifteen eligible studies were included as per the criteria. Data on serum NGAL levels in DN patients and healthy controls were analyzed using Stata 16.0 software. RESULT The study revealed a significantly higher mean serum NGAL level in DN patients (168.08 ng/ml, 95% CI: 105.50-230.67) compared to healthy controls (75.02 ng/ml, 95% CI: 43.02-107.03), demonstrating NGAL's potential as a biomarker (P=0.01). CONCLUSION NGAL offers a powerful tool for DN diagnosis, staging, and monitoring, surpassing traditional markers in sensitivity. Challenges include defining universal threshold values and ensuring consistent test performance across diverse clinical settings. The study underscores NGAL's potential in transforming DN diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Vashist
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Sonia’s Skin ClinicRewari, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Dokwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Gulshan Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
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Dahiya K, Prashant P, Dhankhar R, Dhankhar K, Kumar S, Vashist S. Lipocalin-2 as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11:92-101. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major global public health issue. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is comparatively static, as hereditary and genetic causes are involved, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is increasing day by day. T2D is associated with chronic complications, including diabetic neuropathy (DN), nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications like diabetic foot. DN is the main complication of both types of diabetes. DN can be diagnosed by routine laboratory tests, microalbuminuria > 300 mg/24 h, and a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate. As the appearance of microalbuminuria is a late manifestation, an early marker for renal damage is needed. Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a small protein purified from neutrophil granules and a good marker for kidney disease. NGAL is a transporter protein responsible for many physiological processes, such as inflammation, generation of the immune response, and metabolic homeostasis. NGAL has been reported to depict the early changes in renal damage when urine microalbumin is still undetecable. Therefore, elucidating the role of NGAL in detecting DN and understanding its mechanism can help establish it as a potential early marker for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Dhankhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Kumud Dhankhar
- Phase III, JSS Medical College, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sonia Vashist
- Department of Dermatology, Dr Sonia’s Dermatology Clinic, Rewari 123401, Haryana, India
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Dhupper V, Yadav U, Dahiya K, Soni M, Chahal A, Soni S, Rathore R, Yadav N. Oxidative Stress in Primary Bone Tumors: A Comparative Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e25335. [PMID: 35761917 PMCID: PMC9232385 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone tumors account for 1% of all cancers and have considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a proposed theory of increased oxidative stress characterized by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupts the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) balance which has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to measure the levels of oxidant stress and antioxidant mechanism in bone tumors (benign as well as malignant). Methods The study cohort consisted of 42 subjects: 14 malignant bone tumors, 14 benign bone tumors, and 14 healthy controls. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined to assess oxidative stress while antioxidant status was evaluated using superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results Patients with malignant bone tumors showed a significant increase in plasma MDA levels (p<0.05) while SOD levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05). No significant difference in oxidative damage was noted between both the sarcomas (p>0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidant status are observed in bone tumors. Further studies on the manipulation of redox balance in patients with bone tumors can act as a useful approach in early diagnosis or designing management strategies for bone tumors.
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Latha R, Mukherjee A, Dahiya K, Bano S, Pawar P, Kalbande R, Maji S, Beig G, Murthy BS. On the varied emission fingerprints of particulate matter over typical locations of NCR (Delhi) - A perspective for mitigation plans. J Environ Manage 2022; 311:114834. [PMID: 35287076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Source apportionment study of PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization was performed to identify the emission characteristic from different sectors (sub-urban residential, industrial and rapidly urbanizing) of Delhi during winter. Chemical characterization of PM2.5 included metals (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn), water soluble ionic compounds (WSICs) (Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and NH4+) and Carbon partitions (OC, EC). Particulates (PM2.5) were collected on filter twice daily for stable and unstable atmospheric conditions, at the locations with specific characteristics, viz. Ayanagar, Noida and Okhla. Ions solely occupied 50% of the total PM2.5 concentration. Irrespective of location, high correlation between OC and EC (0.871-0.891) at p ≤ 0.1 is observed. Relatively lower ratio of NO3/SO4 at Ayanagar (0.696) and Okhla (0.84) denotes predominance of emission from stationary sources rather than mobile sources like that observed at Noida (1.038). Using EPA PMF5.0, optimum factors for each location are fixed based on error estimation (EE). Crustal dust, vehicular emission, biomass burning and secondary aerosol are the major contributing sources in all the three locations. Incineration contributes about 19% at Ayanagar and 18% at Okhla. Metal industries in Okhla contribute about 19% to PM2.5. These specific local emissions with considerable potency are to be targeted for long-term policymaking. Considerable secondary aerosol contribution (15%-24%) indicates that gaseous emissions also need to be reduced to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Latha
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India.
| | - A Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - K Dahiya
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - S Bano
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - P Pawar
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - R Kalbande
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - S Maji
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - G Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - B S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R, Verma M, Dhupper V, Yadav U, Gupta K, Pal S, Kumar S, Sethi T. Role Portrayed by Serum NGAL and Vitamin D in Patients with Bone Tumors. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35142177 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tumors are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality at an early age. Malignant bone tumors are quite aggressive in nature. Thus, an accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for bone tumors. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and vitamin D have been found to be associated with cancer and may have potential to act as biomarkers for bone tumors also. METHODS Serum levels of NGAL and 25-OH vitamin D were estimated in 14 patients with benign and 14 with malignant bone tumors and compared with 14 apparently healthy controls. The data collected was compared among different groups using appropriate statistical analysis. NGAL was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA) and 25-OH vitamin D by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the serum samples. RESULTS Serum NGAL levels were found to be increased significantly and 25-OH vitamin D levels decreased significantly in patients with malignant bone tumors as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) while this difference was not statistically significant in patients with benign bone tumors (p = 0.05). The difference in serum levels of NGAL and 25-OH vitamin D in patients with malignant bone tumors was found to be statistically significant as compared to patients with benign bone tumors (p < 0.05). The correlation was not statistically significant between the levels of 25-OH vitamin D and NGAL in group I (r = 0.067, p = 0.819), group II (r = 0.204, p = 0.483), and group III (r = -0.086, p = 0.772). CONCLUSIONS Serum NGAL and 25-OH vitamin D may be used as important serological biomarkers in patients with bone tumors along with other standard investigative modalities.
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Dhankhar R, Chhabra S, Dahiya K, Ghalaut VS, Singh S, Gupta K. Chemoradiation in locally advanced Ca Cx: Effect on NGAL levels. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:198-203. [PMID: 33723155 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_569_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been reported to be unregulated in many cancers and to suppress tumor suppressor genes like p53 leading to cell proliferation. Studies to report its relationship with carcinoma cervix (Ca Cx) are still scant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum NGAL levels were analyzed in 30 patients of histopathologically proven locally advanced Ca Cx at the time of diagnosis and 3 weeks after standard chemoradiation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These patients underwent either brachytherapy or supplementary external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) depending on the response of treatment. The results were analyzed statistically by applying Student's paired t-test. RESULTS No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in patients of Ca Cx before and after treatment or when compared stage wise, histopathological grade wise, or response wise. But the levels were found to increase when duration of treatment was ≥8 weeks (P = 0.040) and to decrease significantly when duration of treatment was <8 weeks (P = 0.0052). The NGAL levels also increased significantly after treatment in patients who received EBRT and supplementary radiotherapy (P = 0.019) while the pre- and post-treatment difference in NGAL levels was not statistically significant in patients who received EBRT + intracavitary brachytherapy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION As the duration as well as modality of treatment is quite important in Ca Cx, shorter duration associated with better results and lower NGAL levels, NGAL might prove to be a useful biomarker although further studies are needed to support the claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Dhankhar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | - Sunder Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Keerti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Dalal D, Dahiya K, Malhotra V, Aggarwal S, Malik AK, Ahlawat R, Dahiya P. A Comparison of Reproductive Hormones and Biochemical Parameters in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Postmenopausal Women. Clin Lab 2020; 66. [PMID: 33073944 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause and hypothyroidism, both individually, affect the reproductive hormone profile as well as body metabolism which is reflected in the form of a deranged biochemical profile. It will be interesting to observe the effects on both these profiles, when menopause is associated with hypothyroidism. METHODS This study was conducted on 30 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism and 30 euthyroid menopausal females as controls. Serum samples of all the subjects were analyzed for complete thyroid profile including total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol, progesterone, fasting glucose, renal function tests, liver function tests, and lipid profile. Data of both the groups was compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference observed between the fasting glucose levels and renal and liver function tests in both the groups (p > 0.05). Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), estradiol, and progesterone were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in menopausal hypothyroid women as compared to their euthyroid counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Thus, an association of both menopause and hypothyroidism may lead to accentuation of effect of each on biochemical and reproductive hormone profile.
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Dahiya K, Gupta K, Dhankhar R, Atri R, Goyal N, Dalal D, Pal S, Ahlawat R, Kumar S. Chemoradiation in Lung Cancer: Effect on Levels of NGAL and Vitamin D in Serum. Clin Lab 2020; 66. [PMID: 32902227 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.191246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality due to lung cancer is one of the growing concerns worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis is the key to treatment of this disease. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and vitamin D have been found to be associated with cancer and may have potential to act as biomarkers for lung cancer. METHODS Serum levels of NGAL and 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OH vitamin D) were estimated in 25 patients with lung cancer before (Group I) and 4 weeks after standard treatment (Group II) by chemoradiation. The levels were also analyzed in 25 apparently healthy controls and data was compared among different groups using appropriate statistical analysis. NGAL was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 25OH vitamin D by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the serum samples. RESULTS Serum NGAL levels were found to be increased significantly in patients before treatment as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) while the levels decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.01). The levels of vitamin D were found to be decreased in lung cancer patients as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) while after treatment the levels of vitamin D were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.001). The correlation was not statistically significant between the levels of vitamin D and NGAL in Group I (r = 0.12, p = 0.57), Group IIa (r = 0.037, p = 0.86), and Group IIb (r = 0.091, p = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Serum NGAL and vitamin D bear the potential to act as biomarkers in patients with lung cancer.
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Garg P, Ghalaut P, Dahiya K, Ravi R, Sharma A, Wakure P. Comparative evaluation of crestal bone level in patients having low level of Vitamin D treated with dental implant with or without Vitamin D3 supplements. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:199-206. [PMID: 33897181 PMCID: PMC8051646 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_49_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has been shown to play a vital role in bone mineral homeostasis by stimulating the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. The critical role of Vitamin D in bone metabolism triggered the need to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D deficiency and hence replacement of the same on osseointegration of dental implants. This prospective study evaluated the crestal bone level in patients having low level of Vitamin D treated with dental implant with or without Vitamin D3 supplements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective clinical study was conducted on 32 patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of Vitamin D level < 30 ng/ml (Group I: patients receiving Vitamin D3 supplements, i.e., cholecalciferol 1 g sachet 60,000 IU/month) or <30 ng/ml (Group II: not receiving Vitamin D3 supplements). The crestal bone level measurements were made with the help of Digimizer Image Analysis, MedCalc software. RESULTS All implants showed clinically acceptable crestal bone level at interval of 1 week (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months. There was a statistically nonsignificant difference seen for the values between the groups (P > 0.05) for all other values at various time intervals. However, there was a statistically significant/highly significant difference seen for the values between the groups (P < 0.01, 0.05) for 3 months distal with higher values for Group I as compared to Group II. CONCLUSION From the study, it can be concluded that cholecalciferol has systemic effects on accelerating bone formation around titanium implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Garg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Pooja Garg, Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Pankaj Ghalaut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Reena Ravi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Wakure
- Department of Prosthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Dahiya K, Kumar R, Dhankhar R, Verma M, Kumari A, Roy PS, Dalal D, Singh Ghalaut V, Chugh K. Status of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Athletes Before and After Moderate Exercise. TOBIOMJ 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318301808010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) is considered as an early marker of ischemia. Its levels may be altered in any clinical condition where an ischemic event is involved. Skeletal muscle ischemia is associated with severe exercise but may also occur in moderate form of exercise.Objective:The levels of IMA were estimated before and after thirty minutes of moderate exercise in students undergoing athletic training.Methods:The present study was conducted on 120 young adult students undergoing athletic training program in the physical education department. All the subjects were healthy with normal body mass index and blood pressure. Their serum samples were collected before and after running for half an hour on the racing track and were analyzed for IMA colorimetrically and the data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.Results:The levels of IMA were found to be statistically significantly higher after exercise as compared to those before exercise (p = 0.005). The ratio of IMA to albumin (IMAR) was also found to be significantly higher after exercise as compared to that before exercise (p=0.000).Conclusion:It may be concluded that the skeletal muscle ischemia induced by moderate aerobic exercise is associated with an increased conversion of albumin to IMA.
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Verma M, Dahiya K, Ghalaut VS, Dhupper V. Assessment of quality control system by sigma metrics and quality goal index ratio: A roadmap towards preparation for NABL. World J Methodol 2018; 8:44-50. [PMID: 30519539 PMCID: PMC6275555 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v8.i3.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study sigma metrics and quality goal index ratio (QGI).
METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, PGIMS, Rohtak, which recently became a National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration of Laboratories accredited lab as per the International Organization for Standardization 15189:2012 and provides service to a > 1700-bed tertiary care hospital. Data of 16 analytes was extracted over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017 for calculation of precision, accuracy, sigma metrics, total error, and QGI.
RESULTS The average coefficient of variation ranged from 2.12% (albumin) to 5.42% (creatinine) for level 2 internal quality control and 2% (albumin) to 3.62% (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) for level 3 internal quality control. Average coefficient of variation of all the parameters was below 5%, reflecting very good precision. The sigma metrics for level 2 indicated that 11 (68.5%) of the 16 parameters fall short of meeting Six Sigma quality performance. Of these, five failed to meet minimum sigma quality performance with metrics less than 3, and another six just met minimal acceptable performance with sigma metrics between 3 and 6. For level 3, the data collected indicated eight (50%) of the parameters did not achieve Six Sigma quality performance, out of which three had metrics less than 3, and five had metrics between 3 and 6. QGI ratio indicated that the main problem was inaccuracy in the case of total cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase (QGI > 1.2), imprecision in the case of urea (QGI < 0.8), and both imprecision and inaccuracy for glucose.
CONCLUSION On the basis of sigma metrics and QGI, it may be concluded that the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, PGIMS, Rohtak was able to achieve satisfactory results with world class performance for many analytes one year preceding the accreditation by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration of Laboratories. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase required strict external quality assurance scheme monitoring and modification in quality control procedure as their QGI ratio showed inaccuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Veena Singh Ghalaut
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vasudha Dhupper
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Dahiya K, Dalal D, Malhotra V, Aggarwal S, Malik AK, Ghalaut VS, Dahiya P. Is nitric oxide level affected in postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism? World J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 6:16-20. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v6.i3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), an indicator of cardiovascular health, in post-menopausal females with and without hypothyroidism.
METHODS NO was analyzed colorimetrically in 30 newly diagnosed hypothyroid postmenopausal females and 30 postmenopausal females with normal thyroid profile. Results were compared and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.
RESULTS The levels of serum NO were found to be significantly decreased in postmenopausal females with hypothyroidism as compared to the levels in those with normal thyroid profile (P value < 0.05). A negative correlation of NO was observed with thyroid stimulating hormone whereas a positive correlation of NO was observed with free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), T3 and T4 though it was statistically significant only for FT4 among postmenopausal females with hypothyroidism.
CONCLUSION Postmenopausal hypothyroid females may be at a risk of compromised cardiovascular health as indicated by low NO levels. Regular monitoring and risk assessment is essential for timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Deepika Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Vani Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sameer Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Malik
- Department of Psychiatry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Veena Singh Ghalaut
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Priya Dahiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajshree Medical Research Institute, Bareilly, UP 243501, India
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Verma M, Dahiya K, Soni A, Dhankhar R, Ghalaut VS, Bansal A, Kaushal V. Levels of neutrophil gelatinase-assosciated lipocalin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian population from Haryana state. World J Clin Oncol 2017; 8:261-265. [PMID: 28638796 PMCID: PMC5465016 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
METHODS This was a non randomized case control study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Regional Cancer Center over a period of one year. The study population included 50 adult newly diagnosed HNSCC patients reporting in outpatient department at Regional Cancer Center and compared with 50 healthy controls. NGAL was estimated by ELISA technique. Student t test and χ2 test were applied for comparison of means of study groups. Correlations between groups were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) formula.
RESULTS Patients with HNSCC exhibited significantly increased levels of NGAL (P < 0.05) as compared to healthy controls (978.88 ± 261.39 ng/mL vs 34.83 ± 7.59 ng/mL). Out of 50, 26 patients (52%) were in stage IV, 21 (42%) in stage III, 1 (2%) patient in stage II and 2 (4%) patients were in stage I. Metastasis was absent in 98% patients and mean NGAL levels were highest in these patients but P value was not significant. Mean NGAL levels were highest in stage IV [1041.54 ± 222.15 ng/mL (stage IV) vs 1040 ± 0.00 ng/mL (stage I); 900 ± 0.00 ng/mL (stage II) and 1031.90 ± 202.55 ng/mL (stage III)] and χ2 test was highly significant (P < 0.001). Thirty-six patients (72%) were having moderately differentiated HNSCC and mean NGAL levels were maximum in patients with well differentiated HNSCC (1164 ± 315.64 ng/mL vs 1013.33 ± 161.19 ng/mL in moderately differentiated and 890 ± 11.55 ng/mL in poorly differentiated) and the results were also highly significant (P < 0.001, χ2 test).
CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates a potential role of NGAL as cancer biomarker and its use in monitoring the HNSCC progression.
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R. Updated overview of current biomarkers in head and neck carcinoma. World J Methodol 2016; 6:77-86. [PMID: 27018324 PMCID: PMC4804254 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell cancer is the most common type of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the head and neck region. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the predominant causes of cancer related casualties worldwide. Overall prognosis in this disease has improved to some extent with the advancements in therapeutic modalities but detection of primary tumor at its initial stage and prevention of relapse are the major targets to be achieved for further improvement in terms of survival rate of patients. Latest achievements in basic research regarding molecular characterization of the disease has helped in better perception of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC progression and also in recognizing and targeting various molecular biomarkers associated with HNSCC. In the present article, we review the information regarding latest and potential biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC. A detailed molecular characterization, ultimately, is likely to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, potentially relevant to diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancers. The need for more accurate and timely disease prediction has generated enormous research interests in this field.
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Dahiya K, Kulshrestha MR, Bansal P, Ghalaut VS, Kulshrestha R, Dahiya P, Dhupper V. Evaluation of cord blood ischemia modified albumin in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2015; 34:204-8. [PMID: 25775261 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2014.1001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-eclampsia is associated with ischemia and increased oxidative stress, which may lead to modification of plasma albumin to ischemia modified albumin (IMA). METHODS IMA levels were estimated in cord blood of 30 newborns born to pre-eclamptic mothers and compared with 30 normal newborns. IMA was estimated colorimetrically and the results were compared statistically. RESULTS The levels of IMA were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) in newborns born to pre-eclamptic mothers (0.835 ± 0.02 ABSU) as compared to those born to normal mothers (0.325 ± 0.01 ABSU). CONCLUSION IMA may act as a marker of ischemia and oxidative stress in newborns delivered to pre-eclamptic mothers.
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Ghalaut VS, Prakash G, Bansal P, Dahiya K, Dokwal S, Ghalaut PS, Bala M, Dhankhar R. Effect of imatinib on male reproductive hormones in BCR-ABL positive CML patients: A preliminary report. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2014; 20:243-8. [PMID: 23966360 DOI: 10.1177/1078155213500686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple animal studies, few clinical case reports and one study have observed decreased testosterone production and gynaecomastia as adverse effect of imatinib therapy. We have prospectively studied testosterone, LH and FSH levels at baseline and at 6 months of imatinib treatment in 34 newly diagnosed male BCR-ABL positive CML patients. While none of the patients had gynaecomastia at 6 months, the proportion of patients with low testosterone level increased significantly from 11.8% at baseline to 58.8% (p < 0.001) and those with high LH and FSH increased significantly from 26.4% and 23.5% to 82.4% and 76.4%, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Serum testosterone levels decreased significantly (p = 0.002) and serum LH and FSH levels increased significantly at 6 months of imatinib therapy (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003) in comparison to baseline levels. The findings document the effect of imatinib on testosterone levels in adult CML patients much before than reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena S Ghalaut
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Gulshan Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Piyush Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Dokwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratap S Ghalaut
- Department of Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Bala
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Dhankhar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Bansal P, Ghalaut VS, Sharma TK, Ghalaut PS, Dokwal S, Ghalaut R, Kulshrestha M, Dahiya K. Status of leptin in MBCR-ABL p210 positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients before and after imatinib therapy: a conflicting scenario. Clin Lab 2014; 60:1845-52. [PMID: 25648025 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2014.140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a myeoloproliferative disorder, is characterized by the presence of the fusion gene BCR-ABL in hematopoietic cells. Leptin, considered a link between cancer and obesity, has been reported to be actively involved in hemopoiesis and pathophysiology of CML. There are few and conflicting reports about the status of serum leptin levels and recently alteration in leptin has been reported due to imatinib mesylate. METHODS Leptin and CRP were estimated in 30 (male: 20; female: 10) newly diagnosed and confirmed MBCR- ABL p210 positive CML patients before and after 3 months of therapy by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Leptin levels were compared with 30 (male: 20; female: 10) age matched healthy controls accounting for the differences due BMI and gender. RESULTS Leptin/BMI ratio was significantly raised in both male and female chronic phase patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.048) and accelerated phase patients as compared to controls (males, p < 0.001; females, p < 0.001). The normal gender difference and dependence on BMI was lost in patients. In patients, who failed to achieve hematological baseline, leptin/BMI was higher only in male patients (p = 0.012). Leptin/BMI also correlat- ed with TLC and blast percentage (TLC, R2 = 0.412, p = 0.001; Blast %, R2 = 0.408, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between leptin and CRP levels. Levels decreased significantly after complete hematological remission in both males and females (p = 0.001, p = 0.028). Levels after 3 months of imatinib therapy were significantly higher than controls in all patients not in remission (males, p < 0.001; females, p = 0.018) but only in male patients in re- mission (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Leptin levels were increased in CML patients. The findings suggest a possible role of leptin in patho- genesis of CML or disease progression independent of inflammatory state or reactionary rise. Imatinib itself may increase leptin levels, and, as leptin plays an active role in the pathophysiology of CML, this conflicting scenario needs further investigation. Alterations in leptin need to be investigated cautiously accounting for confounding and differences due to BMI and gender.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Body Mass Index
- Case-Control Studies
- Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leptin/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Sex Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Up-Regulation
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid disorders especially hypothyroidism is associated with increased generation of oxidants. Nitric oxide and ischemia modified albumin are considered markers for oxidative stress. In addition, nitric oxide is involved in regulation of thyroid function and coagulation profile alteration in thyroid disorders may produce ischemia like conditions. METHODS Nitric oxide and ischemia modified albumin were estimated in fifty patients of newly diagnosed hypothyroidism using standard photocolorimetric techniques. Results were compared with fifty healthy euthyroid controls and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS Nitric oxide and ischemia modified albumin were found to be significantly raised (p < 0.05) in hypothyroid patients as compared to controls. A positive, but statistically insignificant correlation was observed between nitric oxide and ischemia modified albumin. CONCLUSIONS Estmation of nitric oxide and ischemia modified albumin in hypothyroidism may help to throw light on its pathogenesis and assessing the severity of the disease, though further research is needed to establish their role as biomarkers in hypothyroidism.
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Ghalaut VS, Sangwan L, Dahiya K, Ghalaut PS, Dhankhar R, Saharan R. Effect of imatinib therapy with and without turmeric powder on nitric oxide levels in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2012; 18:186-90. [PMID: 21844132 DOI: 10.1177/1078155211416530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in different stages of malignancies. Increased levels of NO have been reported in different leukemias. Imatinib is the preferred drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Turmeric powder contains curcumin which has anti-leukemic property and also decreases NO synthesis. This study was conducted on fifty patients of CML divided into two groups, group A receiving imatinib alone and group B receiving turmeric powder along with imatinib for six weeks. Nitric oxide levels were estimated in these patients before and after receiving therapy and were analyzed statistically. Nitric oxide levels were found to be significantly decreased in both the groups, but more significantly in group B after receiving the respective treatments. Thus, curcumin acts as an adjuvant to imatinib in decreasing the NO levels and may help in the treatment of CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena S Ghalaut
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Dahiya P, Nayar KD, Gulati AJ, Dahiya K. Placenta Accreta Causing Uterine Rupture in Second Trimester of Pregnancy after in vitro Fertilization: A Case Report. J Reprod Infertil 2012; 13:61-3. [PMID: 23926525 PMCID: PMC3719369 DOI: pmid/23926525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta accreta is a rare obstetrical condition that mainly occurs in the third trimester leading to life-threatening complications. Hereby, a case of uterine rupture due to placenta accreta occuring in the second trimester is presented. CASE PRESENTATION A forty-year old patient who conceived after in vitro fertilization treatment (oocyte donation and embryo transfer) presented in emergency department in the nineteen weeks of gestation with acute abdominal pain, heamoperitoneum and fetal death. Emergency laprotomy showed uterine rupture along with placenta accreta for which the patient underwent subtotal hysterectomy. CONCLUSION Although, an uncommon occurrence, physicians in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) clinics should consider placenta accreta in gravid patients who present with acute abdominal pain and shock, considering the fact that they usually have associated high risk factors for abnormal placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dahiya
- Akanksha IVF Center, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janak Puri, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanad D. Nayar
- Akanksha IVF Center, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janak Puri, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar J.S. Gulati
- Department of General Surgery, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janak Puri, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduale Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Corresponding Author: Kiran Dahiya, 778/28, Bharat Colony, Rohtak, Haryana, India. E-mail:
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R, Madaan H, Singh V, Arora K. Nitric oxide and antioxidant status in head and neck carcinoma before and after radiotherapy. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2012; 42:94-7. [PMID: 22371916 DOI: pmid/22371916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mainstay of the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is radiotherapy, which acts by producing free radicals. Therefore, this study was planned to observe the effect of radiotherapy on oxidative stress in patients of HNSCC. METHODS This study was conducted on 50 histopathologically proven cases of HNSCC. The levels of nitric oxide, glutathione-S-transferase, and vitamin C were estimated colorimetrically before and after treatment in patients and in 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS The levels of nitric oxide and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly higher in patents as compared to controls and increased significantly after treatment. Vitamin C levels were significantly lower in patients as compared to controls and decreased significantly after treatment. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC leads to increased oxidative stress and treatment in the form of radiotherapy itself produces an accentuation of this stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharat Colony, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Dahiya K, Sethi J, Dhankhar R, Singh V, Singh SB, Yadav M, Sood S, Sachdeva A. Effect of Ocimum sanctum on homocysteine levels and lipid profile in healthy rabbits. Arch Physiol Biochem 2011; 117:8-11. [PMID: 20608759 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2010.496855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ocimum sanctum has been reported to have a variety of medicinal properties. OBJECTIVE The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of O. sanctum on plasma homocysteine levels and lipid profile in healthy rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rabbits were divided into two groups (20 each). Group I rabbits received normal diet and group II rabbits received fresh leaves of O. sanctum (2 g/day) for 8 weeks along with normal diet. Fasting plasma samples were estimated for homocysteine and lipid profile. The results were analysed statistically. RESULTS The levels of homocysteine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be decreased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly on supplementation with O. sanctum (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Thus, O. sanctum can prove to be a significant cardioprotective substance and an important adjuvant in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D.S. PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana.
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Sethi J, Yadav M, Sood S, Dahiya K, Singh V. Authors' reply. Int J Ayurveda Res 2011; 2:65. [PMID: 21897652 PMCID: PMC3157117 DOI: pmid/21897652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sethi
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India E-mail:
| | - Mridul Yadav
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India E-mail:
| | - Sushma Sood
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India E-mail:
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Veena Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Dhankhar R, Dahiya K, Sharma TK, Ghalaut VS, Atri R, Kaushal V. Diagnostic significance of adenosine deaminase, uric acid and C-reactive protein levels in patients of head and neck carcinoma. Clin Lab 2011; 57:795-8. [PMID: 22029199 DOI: pmid/22029199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinomas are considered to be associated with increased cellular proliferation under antigenic stimulation and inflammation. Therefore, the markers of increased cellular turnover such as adenosine deaminase and uric acid were estimated quantitatively along with markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region. METHODS The levels of adenosine deaminase, uric acid, and C-reactive protein were estimated in 50 patients of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region before starting any treatment and compared with their corresponding levels in 30 healthy age and gender matched controls. The patients were divided into four groups depending on their staging and their results were compared statistically and the coefficient of correlation was calculated using Pearson's formula. RESULTS The levels of adenosine deaminase, uric acid, and C-reactive protein were found to be significantly higher in patients of head and neck cancers as compared to the levels in controls (p < 0.001). The levels were also observed to rise with staging. A positive correlation was observed between adenosine deaminase and uric acid (r = 0.743, p < 0.001), adenosine deaminase and C-reactive protein (r = 0.648, p < 0.001) and also between C-reactive protein and uric acid (r = 0.712, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Thus, estimation of adenosine deaminase, uric acid, and C-reactive protein can help in making the diagnosis and assessing the severity of disease in patients of head and neck carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Dhankhar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, P.G.I.M.S., Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Sharma TK, Parchwani H, Kaushik GG, Shankar V, Dahiya K, Ghalaut VS, Sharma N. HbA(1c) levels in cardiovascular diseased patients without diabetes in a developing country. Clin Lab 2011; 57:517-22. [PMID: 21888015 DOI: pmid/21888015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) have been associated with Coronary Vascular Diseases (CVD) in diabetic patients. Recent studies have reported no association between elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women without diabetes. There are many controversial studies on topics such as "Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA(1c)) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the non-diabetic patients". Therefore, we planned this study. METHODS The present study was conducted on 50 age matched controls and 50 clinically diagnosed non-diabetic CVD patients of either gender. The study included 50 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) admitted to the ICCU ward of J.L.N. Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer (Rajasthan). The following information was recorded from admission sheets of non-diabetic CVD patients of either gender: history of diabetes, hypertension, and cigarette smoking; demographic indices; coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus treatment; serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides (TG); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); fasting and non-fasting blood glucose levels and Glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA(1c)). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was measured by latex agglutination inhibition assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The HbA(1c) levels in healthy controls (n = 50) and non-diabetic CVD subjects (n = 50) observed were 4.32 +/- 0.34% and 5.80 +/- 0.20%, respectively. HbA(1c) levels in these subjects were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). The HbA(1c) levels in non-diabetic CVD patients are higher in comparison to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, P.G.I.M.S., Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
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Sethi J, Yadav M, Sood S, Dahiya K, Singh V. Effect of tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum Linn.) on sperm count and reproductive hormones in male albino rabbits. Int J Ayurveda Res 2010; 1:208-10. [PMID: 21455446 PMCID: PMC3059441 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7788.76782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh leaves of Ocimum Sanctum (OS) were used to study its effect on male reproductive function (sperm count and reproductive hormones) in male albino rabbits. Animals in the test group received supplementation of 2 g of fresh leaves of OS per rabbit for 30 days, while the control group was maintained on normal diet for the same duration. Sperm count and hormonal estimation [testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)] were done in serum samples of both groups and compared. A significant decrease was noted in the sperm count in test group rabbits. Serum testosterone levels showed marked increase while FSH and LH levels were significantly reduced in OS-treated rabbits. The results suggest the potential use of OS as an effective male contraceptive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sethi
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Jyoti Sethi, Department of Physiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mridul Yadav
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sushma Sood
- Department of Physiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Veena Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Sethi J, Yadav M, Dahiya K, Sood S, Singh V, Bhattacharya SB. Antioxidant effect of Triticum aestivium (wheat grass) in high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in rabbits. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2010; 32:233-5. [PMID: 20508870 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2010.32.4.1423889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grass is used as a general health tonic and is reported to be effective against several medical disorders, although detailed literature is not available. Besides drug therapy, a number of medicinal plants are effective in treating hyperlipidemia. This study examined the effects of wheat grass on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Thirty rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 10 rabbits each, group I receiving a control diet, group II a high-fat diet and group III a high-fat diet together with wheat grass over a period of 10 weeks. Fasting serum samples from the animals were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C, and the results were compared. The high-fat diet resulted in hyperlipidemia and an increase in oxidative stress, indicated by a significant rise in MDA levels, whereas antioxidant levels of GSH and vitamin C were significantly reduced. Wheat grass supplementation with a high-fat diet resulted in improved lipid levels (decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL-C) together with significantly reduced MDA levels and increased GSH and vitamin C levels. These results indicate the beneficial role of wheat grass in ameliorating hyperlipidemia and the associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sethi
- Department of Physiology, Pt.B.D.Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Dahiya K, Aggarwal K, Seth S, Singh V, Sharma TK. Type 2 diabetes mellitus without vascular complications and ischemia modified albumin. Clin Lab 2010; 56:187-90. [PMID: 20575465 DOI: pmid/20575465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is a proven cardiac marker but its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus without vascular complications has not been reported yet. Therefore, IMA was estimated in 60 newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy controls along with HbA1c and other investigations (to rule out vascular complications). There was no significant change in IMA levels in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to controls. No correlation could be found between IMA levels and HbA1c. We conclude that IMA levels are not affected in type 2 diabetes mellitus before the onset of vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Dahiya K. PYOMETRA: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Phototherapy has been related to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In the present study, thirty full term jaundiced neonates with appropriate weight were analyzed before and after completion of phototherapy for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in hemolysate and albumin levels in plasma. These parameters were analyzed in cord blood samples of 20 healthy neonates as control. It was observed that levels of MDA were elevated significantly (p<0.001) in patients as compared to controls and that the levels increased significantly after phototherapy (p<0.001). Levels of SOD were also found to be increased significantly as compared to controls and the levels rose after phototherapy (p<0.001). On the other hand, the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH, total thiols and vitamin C were significantly low (p<0.001) as compared to controls and the levels decreased significantly after phototherapy (p<0.001). The plasma albumin levels also were found to be decreased significantly after phototherapy (p<0.01). Therefore, phototherapy increases oxidative stress and should be used with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt.B.D. Sharma PGIMS, H. No. 20, Subhash Nagar, PIN-124001 Rohtak, Haryana India
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Abstract
In all, 489 women with eclampsia were reviewed, 20 (4%) of whom died, constituting 16% of all maternal mortality. Of all births in the hospital, 33% had stillbirths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Khosla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Singh Ghalaut V, Dahiya K, Ghalaut PS, Batra S, Dhankhar R. Lymphocytic ecto 5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) levels in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 364:359-60. [PMID: 16176810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dahiya K, Madan S, Hooda R, Sangwan K, Khosla AH. Evaluation of the efficacy of mifepristone/misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol for medical abortion. Indian J Med Sci 2005; 59:301-6. [PMID: 16062017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsafe abortion is a major cause of mortality among women in India accounting for 12% of all maternal deaths. In developing countries, annually, up to 200,000 women die of complications after illegal abortion. Medical abortion is potentially a simple and a safe method for use in developing countries. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to compare the efficacy of low-lose mifepristone and methotrexate for medical abortion. OBJECTIVE To find out the efficacy of low-dose mifepristone and methotrexate for inducing abortion. METHOD In this prospective clinical study, 100 women opted for a medical method of abortion. Out of these, 50 patients were given 50 mg/m2 of methotrexate intramuscularly followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal misoprostol, and 50 patients were given 200 mg of mifepristone orally followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal misoprostol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Complete abortion was the principal outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were side effects and acceptability data. RESULTS The rate of expulsion by first week after initiation of treatment was 58% in methotrexate and 98% in mifepristone group (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Low-dose mifepristone and intravaginal misoprostol is safe, effective, and well tolerated as compared to methotrexate and misoprostol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dahiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Dahiya K, Madan S, Hooda R, Sangwan K, Khosla AH. Evaluation of the efficacy of mifepristone/misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol for medical abortion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [PMID: 16062017 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5359.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Khosla AH, Dahiya K, Sangwan K. Cesarean section in a wedged head. Indian J Med Sci 2003; 57:187-91. [PMID: 14514249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Cesarean section many a times, has to be done late in labour when the head is deeply wedged in the pelvis. The techniques described in standard text books, usually result in extension of the incision either laterally into the broad ligament or vertically upwards into the upper segment or downwards posterior to the bladder from the centre of the incision line. In this study we have reviewed the Patwardhan's technique for the extraction of baby and fetomaternal outcome was compared with cases where this technique was not used. There was no extension of the incision either laterally into broad ligament or upwards or downwards. Haemorrhage due to extension of incision requiring blood transfusion occurred in 24% of patients in group II as compared to nil in group I.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Khosla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dahiya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Khosla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India
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