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Chiang KC, Chang KS, Hsu SY, Sung HC, Feng TH, Chao M, Juang HH. Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Induced by Interleukin-6 via JAK/STAT3 Pathways Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Hepatoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030251. [PMID: 32204510 PMCID: PMC7139670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has several important roles in hepatocytes in terms of anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antioxidant properties. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with liver regeneration and protection against injury. The aim of this study was to determine the potential crosstalk between HO-1 and IL-6, and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in the induction of HO-1 by IL-6 in human hepatoma cells. Ectopic overexpression of HO-1 not only attenuated cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, but also blocked the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 and the pyocyanin in HepG2 or Hep3B cells. IL-6 expression was negatively regulated by HO-1, while IL-6 induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and HO-1 gene expression in HepG2 cells. The co-transfected HO-1 reporter vector and a protein inhibitor of the activated STAT3 (PIAS3) expression vector blocked the IL-6-induced HO-1 reporter activity. Both interferon γ and interleukin-1β treatments induced STAT1 but not STAT3 phosphorylation, which had no effects on the HO-1 expression. Treatments of AG490 and luteolin blocked the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways which attenuated IL-6 activation on the HO-1 expression. Our results indicated that HO-1 is the antitumor gene induced by IL-6 through the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathways; moreover, a feedback circuit may exist between IL-6 and HO-1 in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
- Institute of Medicine Science, College of Medicine, ChSang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Mei Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.:+886-3-2118800 (M.C. & H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (M.C. & H.-H.J.)
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
- Institute of Medicine Science, College of Medicine, ChSang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.:+886-3-2118800 (M.C. & H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (M.C. & H.-H.J.)
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Kalyan US, Bhushan NVVS, Chiang KC, Aparna D, Sunil T. Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride as Local Anaesthetic and Analgesic Agent for Extraction of Maxillary Teeth. J Clin Diagn Res 2020. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/43796.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ng SC, Huang BY, Kuo SF, Hsueh C, Chiang KC, Chen CH, Lin JD. Diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic outcomes of the macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biomed J 2019; 42:59-65. [PMID: 30987707 PMCID: PMC6468112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (MFVPTC) is a rare histological variant of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), with only 71 cases reported through 2014. This study analyzed the clinical, preoperative thyroid ultrasonography (US), and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) features; and therapeutic outcomes of 11 patients with MFVPTC. Methods The records of 393 patients with histologically diagnosed follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), including 11 with MFVPTC, were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative thyroid US findings, clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and survival rates were analyzed. Result Mean tumor size was significantly greater in patients with MFVPTC than that in those with FVPTC (4.2 ± 2.1 cm vs. 2.9 ± 1.7 cm; p = 0.016). No patient with MFVPTC had lymph node involvement, but one had a micrometastasis to the lung, which responded well to therapeutic radioiodine. All MFVPTC lesions were isoechoic on US. Eight nodules had calcifications and eight had irregular margins. FNAC showed that these tumors had low cellularity, absence or focal presence of enlarged clear nuclei, and subtle or focal nuclear features of PTC. Cells were, arranged in microfollicular pattern, with abundant colloid background. Multifocal PTCs were detected in the opposite lobe of two patients. All 11 patients with MFVPTC had excellent outcomes. No patient experienced recurrence, and survival rates were high. Conclusions Malignant US criteria combined with FNAC features have a low preoperative diagnostic rate for MFVPTC. Surgery is recommended for patients with thyroid nodules larger than 4 cm and those with subtle and focal atypical nuclei in FNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh-Ching Ng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bie-Yu Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chiang KC, Huang ST, Wu RC, Huang SC, Yeh TS, Chen MH, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Chueh HY, Juang HH, Hung SI, Yeh CN, Pang JHS. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 is an oncogene and highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor survival. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1893-1905. [PMID: 30881116 PMCID: PMC6400119 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 (IFI27), originally known to involve in innate immunity, is later found to intervene in cell proliferation, leading to inventive studies regarding the role of IFI27 in cancer treatment. We aimed to investigate the role of IFI27 in CCA. Materials and methods Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, Western blot, gene transfection and knockdown, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical stains, and xenograft animal model were applied. Results IFI27 knockdown in CCA cells induced cell cycle arrest in S phase, resulting in lower cell proliferative rate in vitro and in vivo. IFI27 knockdown attenuated CCA cell migration and invasion through inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which was supported by increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and fibronectin. Filamentous actin level was also reduced. IFI27 knockdown further repressed expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), a strong stimulator of angiogenesis, through downregulation of c-jun and c-fos, which was supported in vitro by the finding that human vascular endothelial cells grew more slowly in conditioned medium of IFI27 knockdown on CCA cells and in vivo by the lower erythropoietin concentration found in the xenografted tumors derived from IFI27 knockdown on CCA cells. In addition, anti-VEGF-A antibody treatment was able to repress CCA cell growth. To the contrary, IFI27 overexpression could increase CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Clinically, higher IFI27 expression was linked to inferior overall survival of CCA patients. Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that IFI27 could be deemed as a potential target for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung, Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho-Yen Chueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC, .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkow, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC,
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Lai CC, Wang SY, Liao CH, Hsu JT, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Hwang TL, Yeh CN. Surgical Margin Status of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Surgery with Radical Intent: Risk Factors for the Survival Impact of Positive Margins. In Vivo 2019; 32:1591-1597. [PMID: 30348721 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), surgical margin status is an important pathological factor for evaluating surgical adequacy. In this study, we attempted to investigate predictive factors for the survival impact of positive surgical margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS From February 2004 to December 2013, 204 patients were diagnosed with PDAC and underwent surgery with radical intent; 189 patients fulfilled our selection criteria and were enrolled for analysis. RESULTS For the 189 enrolled patients with PDAC, we found male predominance (112/189, 59%) and a median age of 64 years; most patients were diagnosed with stage IIB disease (n=115, 61%). The positive surgical margin rate was 21% (n=40). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level higher than 246 U/ml (odds ratio (OR)=2.318; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.037-5.181 p=0.040) and lesion location in the uncinate process (OR=2.996; 95% CI=1.232-7.284 p=0.015) were the only two independent risk factors for positive surgical margins. Positive retroperitoneal soft-tissue margins were the most frequently observed (24/40, 60%). Overall, positive surgical margins had no survival impact in the 189 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery; however, positive surgical margins had an unfavorable survival impact on patients with stage IIA PDAC who underwent surgery. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal soft-tissue was the most common site for positive surgical margins. Additionally, surgical margin positivity was more likely for tumors located in the uncinate process than for other tumors. Positive surgical margins had an unfavorable survival impact on patients with stage IIA PDAC who underwent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Lai
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Yeh CN, Wu RC, Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Chang YR, Yeh TS, Wu TH, Lee WC, Chiang KC. HO-1 is a favorable prognostic factor for HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6049-6059. [PMID: 30538554 PMCID: PMC6252782 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than 500,000 people suffered from hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) annually and the relative incidence to mortality rate indicates its unfavorable prognosis. Several studies have proved that heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is indirectly engaged in the invasion and the metastasis of some types of malignancies, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. The role of HO-1 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC is still not clarified. Materials and methods The Western blot, doubling time, cell cycle analysis, migration assay, invasion assay, gene transfection, xenograft animal model, immunohistochemistry staining, and clinical validation study were applied in this study. Results HO-1 overexpression not only decreased the growth but also inhibited the migration and invasion in human HBV-HCC cells (Hep-3B vs PLC/PRF/5). The inhibitory effect on growth, migration, and invasion is further demonstrated by the overexpression of HO-1 in Hep-3B cell by transfection study. Furthermore, HO-1 decreasing the growth of HBV-HCC was confirmed in animal study. The clinical validation illustrated that higher HO1 expression was also associated with favorable disease-free survival of HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Conclusions We identified HO-1 as a favorable prognostic factor for HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Yau-Ren Chang
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan,
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Yeh CN, Chen MH, Chang YC, Wu RC, Tsao LC, Wang SY, Cheng CT, Chiang KC, Chen TW, Hsiao M, Weng WH. Over-expression of TNNI3K is associated with early-stage carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:270-278. [PMID: 30334579 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. Herein, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat CCA model and CGCCA cell line were used; we aim to study the cytogenetic features during tumoral development of CCA and uncover the mystery regarding carcinogenesis of CCA. The Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis, in silico method, gene knockdown, Western blot, cell count proliferation assay, clonogenecity assay, and IHC staining were applied in this study. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed on all different TAA-induced phases of rat tissues to reveal the certain pattern, +2q45, +Xq22, -12p12, have been identified for the tumor early stage, where involve the gene TNNI3K. In addition, 16 genes and 3 loci were associated with rapid tumor progression; JAK-STAT signaling pathway was highly correlated to late stage of CCA. In silico database was used to observe TNNI3K was highly express at tumor part compared with normal adjacent tissue in CCA patients from TCGA dataset. Furthermore, the growth of TNNI3K-knockdown SNU308 and HuCCT1 cells decreased when compared with cells transfected with an empty vector cell demonstrated by proliferation and colonogenecity assay. Besides, over expression of TNNI3K was especially confirmed on human CCA tumors and compared with the intrahepatic duct stone bile duct tissues and normal bile duct tissues (P < 0.001). Our findings might uncover the mystery regarding carcinogenesis of CCA, and provide the potential genetic mechanism to the clinicians some ideas for the patients' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Cheng Tsao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kee-lung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Yeh TS, Juang HH, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Chen MH, Chen TC, Takano M, Kittaka A, Pang JHS. MART-10, a 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 Analog, Potently Represses Metastasis of ER + Breast Cancer Cells with VEGF-A Overexpression. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:3879-3887. [PMID: 29970508 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer ranks second in the list of cancer-related deaths for women. Even under multidisciplinary treatment, 25-50% of patients with breast cancer still ultimately develop metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. In addition to inducing angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is believed to directly increase cancer cell metastatic potential and overexpression of VEGF-A is associated with higher invasiveness of breast cancer. 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, and its analogs have been widely applied as anticancer agents in the past. MATERIAL AND METHODS Western blot, migration and invasion assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescent stain were applied in this study. RESULT VEGF-A increased cell migration and invasion in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer MCF-7 cells. VEGF-A induced an autocrine loop in MCF-7 cells as VEGF-A treatment increased both VEGF-A expression and secretion. The expression of VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin 1 was also up-regulated by VEGF-A in MCF-7 cells. In addition, F-actin synthesis and LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK-1) phosphorylation were increased by VEGF-A. VEGF-A also increased β-catenin expression and nuclear translocation of both β-catenin and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), indicating increased β-catenin and NF-ĸB activity. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10, an analog of 1α,25(OH)2D3, effectively repressed VEGF-A-induced MCF-7 cell migration and invasion and other VEGF-A-induced effects on MCF-7 cells, with MART-10 being more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 Conclusion: MART-10 can be deemed as a promising agent for prevention and treatment of metastasis of ER+ breast cancer with VEGF-A overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Nursing department, College of Medicine, Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cheng CT, Chen YY, Wu RC, Tsai CY, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen MH, Yeh CN. MET‑RON dual inhibitor, BMS‑777607, suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth, and MET‑RON upregulation indicates worse prognosis for intra‑hepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1411-1421. [PMID: 30015968 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra‑hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer with few effective therapeutic options. MET and RON have been found to be increased in a variety of tumors and to be associated with tumor progression and acquired resistance to therapy. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a MET‑RON dual inhibitor (BMS‑777607) for treating CCA and analyzed the prognostic significance of MET‑RON upregulation. We treated CCA cell lines and rats with CCA with BMS‑777607 to determine its effects on tumor growth and measured the MET‑RON protein expression in samples obtained from 96 patients with CCA who previously underwent hepatectomies. A clonogenic assay revealed that BMS‑777607 inhibited the growth of HuCCT1 and KKU‑100 human CCA cells. It also decreased tumor growth in CCA rats. MET‑RON upregulation independently predicted poor survival for CCA patients who previously underwent hepatectomies. In conclusion, MET‑RON upregulation is a poor prognostic factor in CCA patients receiving hepatectomies and may be targeted using BMS‑77760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 833, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 204, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Chen JS, Yeh CN, Cheng CT, Yen CC, Chen YY, Huang SC, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen SC, Chao TC, Yang MH, Chao Y. Role of PLK1 signaling pathway genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3070-3082. [PMID: 30127898 PMCID: PMC6096274 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies by the authors, aurora kinase A (AURKA) was demonstrated as an independent poor prognostic marker for the recurrence of localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and for the progression of advanced GISTs. In the present study, the prognostic effect of genes involved in cell cycle regulation in GISTs was further examined. Leading edge analysis in gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify the most common genes in the top 10 enriched gene sets of high-risk patients with GISTs in a Japanese study. The obtained gene list was uploaded to the Pathway Interaction Database to search for critical pathways. Selected genes within the pathway were subsequently verified through immunohistochemistry (IHC) in another cohort of patients. A total of 5 genes in 'PLK1 signaling events,' namely AURKA, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB1), and targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), were identified for subsequent study. Among the Japanese cohort, all 5 genes, except BUB1, were significant prognostic factors for poor recurrence-free survival (RFS). Among 141 patients enrolled for the IHC study, all 5 genes exhibited variable expression patterns. In the association study, only AURKA exhibited significant overexpression in non-gastric tumors. Although all 5 genes were considered as risk factors for poor RFS based on a univariate analysis, only the mitotic count and expression levels of CDC25C, BUB1, and TPX2 retained prognostic effects in the multivariate analysis. The PLK1 signaling pathway is crucial in the disease progression of GISTs. Genes within this pathway may serve as predictive markers for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Shi Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,GIST Team, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- GIST Team, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- GIST Team, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- GIST Team, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Keelung Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung 204, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- GIST Team, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - San-Chi Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yee Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
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11
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Chang PMH, Cheng CT, Wu RC, Chung YH, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Liu CY, Chen MH, Chen MH, Yeh CN. Nab-paclitaxel is effective against intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via disruption of desmoplastic stroma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:566-572. [PMID: 29963132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IH-CCA) is the second predominant hepatic malignancy worldwide. However, effective treatment strategies for IH-CCA have not yet been developed. Nab-paclitaxel may be an effective drug against IH-CCA, a type of desmoid-like tumor, and its antitumor effects may be attributable to its ability to disrupt the cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the present study, MTT and Annexin-V apoptosis detection kits were used to evaluate the efficacy of paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel against human cholangiocarcinoma KKU-100 and KKU-213 cell lines. A rat model of thioacetamide-induced spontaneous desmoplastic IH-CCA was used to compare the treatment response of four different drug regimens: Control, paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine/oxaliplatin. Positron emission tomography and immunofluorescence analysis were used to measure the tumor volume and to study the resected tumor, respectively. In vitro, paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel induced anti-proliferative effects in KKU-100 and KKU-M213 cells. With regards to the treatment regimes, only nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine/oxaliplatin induced antitumor effects in the rat model of thioacetamide-induced IH-CCA. The immunofluorescence study indicated that nab-paclitaxel was more efficient in disrupting cancer-associated fibroblasts than paclitaxel. In conclusion, nab-paclitaxel is effective against IH-CCA owing to its ability to markedly disrupt the desmoplastic stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Chiang KC, Yang SW, Chang KP, Feng TH, Chang KS, Tsui KH, Shin YS, Chen CC, Chao M, Juang HH. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Induces N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 1 to Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Human Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051397. [PMID: 29738439 PMCID: PMC5983775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component extracted from propolis, is widely studied due to its anti-cancer effect. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other head and neck carcinomas and has a high risk of distant metastases. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is demonstrated as a tumor suppressor gene in several cancers. Our result showed that CAPE treatment could repress NPC cell growth, through induction of S phase cell cycle arrest, and invasion. CAPE treatment stimulated NDRG1 expression in NPC cells. NDRG1 knockdown increased NPC cell proliferation and invasion and rendered NPC cells less responsive to CAPE growth-inhibiting effect, indicating CAPE repressed NPC cell growth partly through NDRG1indcution. CAPE treatment increased phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pre-treatments by inhibitors of ERK (PD0325901), JNK (SP600125), or p38 (SB201290), respectively, all could partly inhibit the CAPE effect on NDRG1 induction in NPC cells. Further, STAT3 activity was also repressed by CAPE in NPC cells. In summary, CAPE attenuates NPC cell proliferation and invasion by upregulating NDRG1 expression via MAPK pathway and by inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT3. Considering the poor prognosis of NPC patients with metastasis, CAPE could be a promising agent against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Zebrafish Center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Wei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Lin-Kou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 204, Taiwan;
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Syuan Shin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan; (Y.-S.S.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chiu-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan; (Y.-S.S.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Mei Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Lin-Kou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800; Fax: +886-3-2118112
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13
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Ng SC, Kuo SF, Hua CC, Huang BY, Chiang KC, Chu YY, Hsueh C, Lin JD. Differentiation of the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma From Classic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Ultrasound Analysis and Complement to Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology. J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:667-674. [PMID: 28880405 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is difficult to establish a diagnosis of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Preoperative features on ultrasound (US) imaging are different between follicular PTC and classic PTC. This study developed a risk score system to differentiate follicular PTC from classic PTC and to correlate the risk score of follicular PTC with its FNAC categories and pathologic features. METHODS The US features, FNAC results, and pathologic reports of 156 follicular PTC nodules and 152 classic PTC nodules from 296 patients with PTC along with their clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. A risk score system based on US features was developed by multivariate logistic regression to differentiate classic PTC from follicular PTC nodules. The risk scores were then correlated with the FNAC category and pathologic features of the nodules. RESULTS The US risk score (5 × echogenicity + 3 × calcifications + 3 × marginal regularity) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 and a cutoff value of 8.0, with specificity of 87% and sensitivity of 69% for predicting a classic PTC nodule. The follicular PTC nodules with low Bethesda categorization (I-III) had a median US risk score of 6 (range, 0-11), which was higher than that of nodules with high categorization (IV-VI; median, 3; range, 0-11). CONCLUSIONS The US risk score may be useful in differentiating classic PTC from follicular PTC and complementary to FNAC in identifying follicular PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh-Ching Ng
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Hua
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Bie-Yu Huang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Departments of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Chu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Departments of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
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14
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Tsui KH, Chiang KC, Lin YH, Chang KS, Feng TH, Juang HH. BTG2 is a tumor suppressor gene upregulated by p53 and PTEN in human bladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Med 2017; 7:184-195. [PMID: 29239139 PMCID: PMC5773943 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although widely deemed as a tumor suppressor gene, the role of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) in bladder cancer is still inconclusive. We investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of BTG2 in bladder cancer. BTG2 expression in human bladder tissues was determined by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting assays. Expressions of BTG2 and PTEN in bladder carcinoma cells were determined by immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, or reporter assays. The 3 H-thymidine incorporation assay, flow cytometry, and the xenograft animal model were used to determine the cell growth. BTG2 expression was lower in human bladder cancer tissues than normal bladder tissues. Highly differentiated bladder cancer cells, RT4, expressed higher BTG2 than the less-differentiated bladder cancer cells, HT1376 and T24. Overexpression of BTG2 in T24 cells inhibited cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Camptothecin and doxorubicin treatments in RT-4 cells or transient overexpression of p53 into p53-mutant HT1376 cells induced p53 and BTG2 expression. Further reporter assays with site-mutation of p53 response element from GGGAAAGTCC to GGAGTCC within BTG2 promoter area showed that p53-induced BTG2 gene expression was dependent on the p53 response element. Ectopic PTEN overexpression in T24 cells blocked the Akt signal pathway which attenuated cell growth via upregualtion of BTG2 gene expression, while reverse effect was found in PTEN-knockdown RT-4 cells. PTEN activity inhibitor (VO-OHpic) treatment decreased BTG2 expression in RT-4 and PTEN-overexpressed T24 cells. Our results suggested that BTG2 functioned as a bladder cancer tumor suppressor gene, and was induced by p53 and PTEN. Modulation of BTG2 expression seems a promising way to treat human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Zebrafish center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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15
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Yeh CN, Chang YC, Su Y, Shin-Shian Hsu D, Cheng CT, Wu RC, Chung YH, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Lu ML, Liu CY, Mu-Hsin Chang P, Chen MH, Huang CYF, Hsiao M, Chen MH. Identification of MALT1 as both a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target of regorafenib in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113444-113459. [PMID: 29371921 PMCID: PMC5768338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer that lacks an effective targeted therapy. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib in CCA, as well as elucidated its underlying mechanism. We first demonstrated that regorafenib not only inhibited growth but also induced apoptosis in human CCA cells. Subsequently, we used in silico approaches to identify MALT1 (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue protein 1), which plays an important role in activating NF-κB, as a potential target of regorafenib. Overexpression of Elk-1, but not Ets-1, in HuCCT1 cells markedly reduced their sensitivity to regorafenib, which might be attributed to a significant increase in MALT1 levels. Our results further demonstrated that this drug drastically inhibited MALT1 expression by suppressing the Raf/Erk/Elk-1 pathway. The efficacy of regorafenib in decreasing in vivo CCA growth was confirmed in animal models. Regorafenib efficacy was observed in two MALT1-positive CCA patients who failed to respond to several other lines of therapy. Finally, MALT1 was also identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic CCA. In conclusion, our study identified MALT1 to be a downstream mediator of the Raf/Erk/Elk-1 pathway and suggested that MALT1 may be a new therapeutic target for successful treatment of CCA by regorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Pang JHS, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Takano M, Chen TC, Kittaka A, Hsieh PJ, Juang HH. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 Analog, MART-10, Inhibits Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Metastasis After VEGF-A Stimulation. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:6215-6221. [PMID: 29061804 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. Most patients with PanNETs die of metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a strong stimulator of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of MART-10 [19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)2D3], a 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) analog, on PanNET cell metastasis after VEGF-A stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Migration and invasion assays, western blot, and immunofluorescent staining were applied in this study. RESULTS VEGF-A increased PanNET cell migration and invasion, which was attenuated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. VEGF-A treatment stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PanNET cells. During this process, expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and 2, and fibronectin was up-regulated. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 counteracted VEGF-A-induced EMT. In addition, expression of neuropilin 1, a key protein in VEGF-A signaling, was down-regulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. Furthermore, synthesis of F-actin was increased by VEGF-A and reduced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that MART-10 could be deemed a promising drug for PanNET treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Po-Jen Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy - College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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17
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Cheng CT, Yeh CN, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen KF, Chen SW. Effects of cholecystectomy on recurrent biliary complications after endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stone: a population-based cohort study. Surg Endosc 2017; 32:1793-1801. [PMID: 28916962 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of cholecystectomy on mitigating recurrent biliary complications following endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stone. METHODS We used the data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a population-based cohort study. Among 925 patients who received endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis at the first admission from 2005 to 2012, 422 received subsequent cholecystectomy and 503 had gallbladder (GB) left in situ. After propensity score matching with 1:1 ratio, the cumulative incidence of recurrent biliary complication and overall survival was analyzed with Cox's proportional hazards model. The primary endpoint of this study is recurrent biliary complications, which require intervention. RESULTS After matching, 378 pairs of patients were identified with a median follow-up time of 53 (1-108) months. The recurrent rate of biliary complications was 8.20% in the cholecystectomy group and 24.87% in the GB in situ group (p < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the only independent risk factor for recurrent biliary complications was GB left in situ (hazard ratio [HR] 3.55, 95% CI 2.36-5.33). CONCLUSIONS Cholecystectomy after endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stone reduced the prevalence of recurrent biliary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Kuo SF, Ho TY, Liou MJ, Lin KJ, Cheng RC, Chan SC, Huang BY, Ng SC, Liu FH, Chang HY, Hsieh SH, Chiang KC, Chen HY, Lo TY, Lin CL, Lin JD. Higher body weight and distant metastasis are associated with higher radiation exposure to the household environment from patients with thyroid cancer after radioactive iodine therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7942. [PMID: 28858122 PMCID: PMC5585516 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There were insufficient data regarding radiation exposure to the household environment from patients with thyroid cancer who received radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in Asia; we therefore performed the present study at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Keelung, Taiwan.Patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer who received 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) RAI were enrolled in this prospective hospital-based study. The enrolled patients were asked to place a thermoluminescent dosimeter in the living room, bedroom, and bathroom of their houses for 4 weeks to measure radiation exposure to the household environment.A total of 43 patients (18 men and 25 women; mean age 51 ± 13 years) who received 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) RAI completed the study. The mean value of total radiation exposure over 4 weeks from the patients to the bedroom, bathroom, and living room (eliminating the background radiation factor) was 0.446 ± 0.304 (0.088-1.382) mSv. We divided the patients into 2 groups: those with more than and less than the mean value of total radiation exposure to the bedroom, bathroom, and living room. Factors associated with the higher amount of radiation exposure from the patients to the household environment were patient body weight (P = .025, univariate analysis; P = .037, multivariate analysis, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.067 [1.004-1.134]) and distant metastases based on I post-therapy scanning (P = .041, univariate analysis; P = .058, multivariate analysis, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 6.453 [0.938-44.369]); age, sex, body mass index, renal function, serum stimulated thyroglobulin level, and recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone use were not associated with the amount of radiation exposure from the patients to the household environment.Higher body weight and distant metastases may be the best predictors for higher radiation exposure to the household environment from patients with thyroid cancer after RAI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
| | | | - Miaw-Jene Liou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan
| | | | | | | | - Bie-Yui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - Soh-Ching Ng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - Feng-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan
| | - Sheng-Hwu Hsieh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
- Department of General Surgery
| | | | - Ta-You Lo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan
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19
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Hsu JT, Le PH, Lin CJ, Chen TH, Kuo CJ, Chiang KC, Yeh TS. Mechanism of salutary effects of melatonin-mediated liver protection after trauma-hemorrhage: p38 MAPK-dependent iNOS/HIF-1α pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G427-G433. [PMID: 28254774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00440.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although melatonin attenuates the increases in inflammatory mediators and reduces organ injury during trauma-hemorrhage, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored whether melatonin prevents liver injury after trauma-hemorrhage through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent, inducible nitrite oxide (iNOS)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway. After a 5-cm midline laparotomy, male rats underwent hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure ~40 mmHg for 90 min) followed by fluid resuscitation. At the onset of resuscitation, rats were treated with vehicle, melatonin (2 mg/kg), melatonin plus p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (2 mg/kg), or melatonin plus the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (2.5 mg/kg). At 2 h after trauma-hemorrhage, histopathology score of liver injury, liver tissue myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, adenosine triphosphate, serum alanine aminotransferase, and asparate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased compared with sham-operated control. Trauma-hemorrhage resulted in a significant decrease in the p38 MAPK activation compared with that in the sham-treated animals. Administration of melatonin after trauma-hemorrhage normalized liver p38 MAPK phosphorylation and iNOS and HIF-1α expression and attenuated cleaved caspase 3 and receptor interacting protein kinase-1 levels. Coadministration of SB203580 or luzindole abolished the melatonin-mediated attenuation of the trauma-hemorrhage-induced increase of iNOS/HIF-1α protein expression and liver injury markers. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin prevents trauma-hemorrhage-induced liver injury in rats, at least in part, through melatonin receptor-related, p38 MAPK-dependent iNOS/HIF-1α pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Trauma-hemorrhage resulted in a significant decrease in liver p38 MAPK activation and increase in nitrite oxide synthase (iNOS) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression. Administration of melatonin after trauma-hemorrhage normalized liver p38 MAPK phosphorylation and iNOS and HIF-1α expression, which was abolished by coadministration of SB203580 or luzindole. Melatonin prevents trauma-hemorrhage-induced liver injury in rats via the melatonin receptor-related, p38 MAPK-dependent iNOS/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Puo-Hsien Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Tsung-Hsing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Chung LC, Chiang KC, Feng TH, Chang KS, Chuang ST, Chen YJ, Tsui KH, Lee JC, Juang HH. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester upregulates N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 via ERK pathway to inhibit human oral cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28181403 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component of propolis, is considered as a new anti-cancer agent. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer with unsatisfying survival. N-myc downstream regulated family genes (NDRGs) involve in numerous physiological processes. We investigated the anti-cancer effect of CAPE on OSCC and related mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell proliferation assay, western blot, gene transfection and knockdown, and reporter assay were applied. We showed that CAPE attenuated OSCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and safely and effectively inhibited OSCC cell growth in a xenograft animal model. CAPE treatment induced NDRG1, but not NDRG2 and NDRG3, expression in OSCC cells as determined by western blot, RT-qPCR, and reporter assay. The 5'-deletion assay demonstrated that CAPE increased NDRG1 promoter activity depending on the region of -128 to +46 of the 5'-flanking of NDRG1 gene. NDRG1 gene knockdown attenuated CAPE anti-growth effect on OSCC cells. CAPE activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD0325901) and ERK1 knockdown blocked CAPE-induced NDRG1 expression in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION CAPE activated MAPK signaling pathway and increased NDRG1 expression through phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to repress OSCC cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Chung
- Department of General Education Center, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Zebrafish Center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ting Chuang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Chuan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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21
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Huang CC, Chang YC, Juang HH, Cheng CT, Pang JHS, Hsu JT, Takano M, Chen TC, Kittaka A, Hsiao M, Yeh CN. MART-10 represses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and high vitamin D receptor expression indicates better prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43773. [PMID: 28256614 PMCID: PMC5335655 DOI: 10.1038/srep43773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to no effective treatments available. Since the non-mineral functions of vitamin D emerges, 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, has been applied in anti-cancer researches. In this study, we demonstrated that both the 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, MART-10, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 possessed anti-growth effect on human CCA cells with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The growth inhibition of both drugs were mediated by induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p27 and downregulation of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D3. Human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) was found to be involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 meditated growth inhibition for CCA as knockdown of NGAL decreased Ki-67 expression in SNU308 cells and rendered SNU308 cells less responsive to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 treatment. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockdown partly abolished MART-10-induced inhibition of NGAL and cell growth in SNU308 cells. The xenograft animal study demonstrated MART-10 could effectively repressed CCA growth in vivo without inducing obvious side effects. The IHC examination of human CCA specimen for VDR revealed that higher VDR expression was linked with better prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that MART-10 could be a promising regimen for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan.,Director of Zebrafish center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, M-1022, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
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22
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Lin SJ, Chiang MC, Shih HY, Chiang KC, Cheng YC. Spatiotemporal expression of foxo4, foxo6a, and foxo6b in the developing brain and retina are transcriptionally regulated by PI3K signaling in zebrafish. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:219-230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-017-0575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Chien CY, Wang SY, Liao CH, Fu CY, Chen HY, Yeh TS, Yeh CN, Chiang KC. Evaluation of Clinical Parameters to Distinguish Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms from Serous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas- A Retrospective Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26067.10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Wu RC, Pang JHS, Cheng CT, Wang SY, Juang HH, Yeh CN. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a promising target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic marker. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36138. [PMID: 27782193 PMCID: PMC5080596 DOI: 10.1038/srep36138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. New therapeutic strategies against CCA are urgently needed. This study investigated the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in human cholangiocarcinoma as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. So far, the role of LCN2 in cancer is still controversial and studies regarding the role of LCN2 in CCA are limited. LCN2 knockdown inhibited CCA cell growth in vitro and in vivo through induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phases and decreased metastatic potential due to repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression of LCN2 in CCA cells increased cell metastatic potential. We showed for the first time that the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and NDRG2, known as tumor suppressor genes, are negatively regulated by LCN2 in CCA cells. LCN2 concentration in bile was higher in patients with CCA than that in patients with gallstones, with a cutoff value of 20.08 ng/ml making this a potential diagnostic marker. Higher LCN2 expression was associated with worse survival in patients with CCA. LCN2 is a promising target for CCA treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential diagnostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Director of Zebrafish center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Lee JC, Chiang KC, Feng TH, Chen YJ, Chuang ST, Tsui KH, Chung LC, Juang HH. The Iron Chelator, Dp44mT, Effectively Inhibits Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091435. [PMID: 27589737 PMCID: PMC5037714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy with a growing worldwide incidence and prevalence. The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family of NDRG1, 2, 3, and mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) gene are well-known modulators in the neoplasia process. Current research has considered iron chelators as new anti-cancer agents; however, the anticancer activities of iron chelators and their target genes in OSCC have not been well investigated. We showed that iron chelators (Dp44mT, desferrioxamine (DFO), and deferasirox) all significantly inhibit SAS cell growth. Flow cytometry further indicated that Dp44mT inhibition of SAS cells growth was partly due to induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. Iron chelators enhanced expressions of NDRG1 and NDRG3 while repressing cyclin D1 expression in OSCC cells. The in vivo antitumor effect on OSCC and safety of Dp44mT were further confirmed through a xenograft animal model. The Dp44mT treatment also increased Maspin protein levels in SAS and OECM-1 cells. NDRG3 knockdown enhanced the growth of OECM-1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that NDRG3 is a tumor suppressor gene in OSCC cells, and Dp44mT could be a promising therapeutic agent for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehn-Chuan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 207, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Zebrafish Center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation On Cology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Ting Chuang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chuan Chung
- Department of General Education Center, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, New Taipei City 207, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 244, Taiwan.
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26
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Huang CC, Yeh TS, S Pang JH, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Juang HH. 25(OH)D Is Effective to Repress Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth through the Conversion of 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081326. [PMID: 27529229 PMCID: PMC5000723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease without effective treatments. 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of Vitamin D, has emerged as a new anti-cancer regimen. However, the side effect of hypercalcemia impedes its systemic administration. 25(OH)D is biologically inert and needs hydroxylation by CYP27B1 to form 1α,25(OH)2D3, which is originally believed to only take place in kidneys. Recently, the extra-renal expression of CYP27B1 has been identified and in vitro conversion of 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been found in some cancer cells with CYP27B1 expression. In this study, CYP27B1 expression was demonstrated in CCA cells and human CCA specimens. 25(OH)D effectively represses SNU308 cells growth, which was strengthened or attenuated as CYP27B1 overexpression or knockdown. Lipocalcin-2 (LCN2) was also found to be repressed by 25(OH)D. After treatment with 800 ng/mL 25(OH)D, the intracellular 1α,25(OH)2D3 concentration was higher in SNU308 cells with CYP27B1 overexpression than wild type SNU308 cells. In a xenograft animal experiment, 25(OH)D, at a dose of 6 μg/kg or 20 μg/kg, significantly inhibited SNU308 cells’ growth without inducing obvious side effects. Collectively, our results indicated that SNU308 cells were able to convert 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D CYP27B1 gene therapy could be deemed as a promising therapeutic direction for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department and Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Cheng Huang
- Pathology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Tai C Chen
- Endocrine core lab, boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
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Chen MH, Yen CC, Cheng CT, Wu RC, Huang SC, Yu CS, Chung YH, Liu CY, Chang PMH, Chao Y, Chen MH, Chen YF, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen TC, Huang CYF, Yeh CN. Identification of SPHK1 as a therapeutic target and marker of poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23594-608. [PMID: 26090720 PMCID: PMC4695139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a uniquely aggressive behavior and lack of effective targeted therapies. After analyzing the gene expression profiles of seven paired intrahepatic CCA microarrays, a novel sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway and a novel target gene, SPHK1, were identified. We hypothesized that therapeutic targeting of this pathway can be used to kill intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. High levels of SPHK1 protein expression, which was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 96 patients with intrahepatic CCA, correlated with poor overall survival. The SPHK1 inhibitor SK1-I demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo. SK1-I modulated the balance of ceramide-sphinogosine-S1P and induced CCA apoptosis. Furthermore, SK1-I combined with JTE013, an antagonist of the predominant S1P receptor S1PR2, inhibited the AKT and ERK signaling pathways in CCA cells. Our preclinical data suggest SPHK1/S1P pathway targeting may be an effective treatment option for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Chi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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28
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Chiang KC, Hsu SY, Lin SJ, Yeh CN, Pang JHS, Wang SY, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Cheng YC, Juang HH. PTEN Insufficiency Increases Breast Cancer Cell Metastasis In Vitro and In Vivo in a Xenograft Zebrafish Model. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3997-4005. [PMID: 27466505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) insufficiency is commonly found in breast cancer patients with metastasis. We investigated the mechanisms by which PTEN affects breast cancer metastatic behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Migration and invasion assay, western blot, immunofluorescent staining and zebrafish animal model were applied. RESULTS We showed that PTEN insufficiency induced an increase in MCF-7 cell migration and invasion through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was triggered by up-regulation of the EMT-inducing transcriptional factors Zeb1, Zeb2, Snail, Slug and Twist. Simultaneously, E-cadherin expression was inhibited and P-cadherin was up-regulated. Further, WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expressions were increased after PTEN knockdown in MCF-7 cells, which also exhibited increased filamentous actin (F-actin) synthesis and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression. We further showed that PTEN knockdown in MCF-7 cells could increase cell migration in the xenograft zebrafish model. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal new therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients with PTEN insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Zebrafish Center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Urology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Yeh CN, Wang SY, Chen YY, Chen MH, Chiang KC, Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Wang CC, Yeh TS, Chen TC. A Prognostic Nomogram for Overall Survival of Patients After Hepatectomy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:4249-4258. [PMID: 27466540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We hypothesized that a nomogram can accurately predict overall survival (OS) for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nomogram to predict OS based was developed using data from 185 ICC patients who had undergone hepatectomy. The nomogram was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), as well as testing calibration of predicted OS with observed OS for both internal and external cohorts. RESULTS Ten clinicopathological independent factors for OS prediction were selected for use in the nomogram. For internal validation, the calibration curve for probability of OS showed good agreement between prediction by the nomogram and actual observation. In three external validation cohorts, the nomogram discrimination was also superior to two other staging systems. CONCLUSION A nomogram integrating ten clinicopathological variables was developed that may assist in individual prognostic prediction of ICC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Divsion of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomical Biology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkow Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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30
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Pang JHS, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Hsieh PJ, Pan YC, Takano M, Chen TC, Feng TH, Kittaka A, Juang HH. 1α,25(OH)2D3 Analog, MART-10, Inhibits Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Growth Through Induction of G0/G1 Cell-cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3307-3313. [PMID: 27354587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the second most common digestive malignancy. For advanced NETs, survival is not satisfactory. Vitamin D has emerged as a promising anticancer drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation assay, western blot, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays were applied. RESULTS We demonstrated that RIN-m cells, neuroendocrine tumor cells, expressed vitamin D receptor (VDR) and VDR expression increased with increasing exposure to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] or MART-10, a 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog. MART-10 had anti-growth effect on RIN-m cells comparable to those of 1α,25(OH)2D3 The growth inhibition of both drugs was mediated by induction of cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. Western blot assay further revealed that this G0/G1 arrest was due to the up-regulation of p27 and down-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), with MART-10 also reducing CDK6. Apoptosis induction was further supported by increased cleaved caspase-3 expression after treatment. CONCLUSION MART-10 appears to be a promising regimen for NET treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Jen Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chun Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- Nursing School, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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31
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Yang SW, Tsai CY, Pan YC, Yeh CN, Pang JHS, Takano M, Kittaka A, Juang HH, Chen TC, Chiang KC. MART-10, a newly synthesized vitamin D analog, represses metastatic potential of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:1995-2002. [PMID: 27382252 PMCID: PMC4918737 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s107256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Even with multidisciplinary treatment, the prognosis and quality of life of patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are still not satisfactory. Previously, 19-Nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)2D3 (MART-10), the new brand 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, has been demonstrated to be an effective drug to inhibit HNSCC growth in vitro. Since most cancer patients die of metastasis, in this study, the antimetastatic effect of MART-10 on HNSCC was investigated. Our results reveal that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 effectively repressed the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, with MART-10 being much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The antimetastatic effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 was mediated by attenuation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was supported by the finding that the expression of EMT-inducing transcriptional factors, Sail and Twist, was inhibited by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. The upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin in FaDu cells induced by both drugs further confirmed the repression of EMT. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 treatment inhibited intracellular MMP-9 expression and extracellular MMP activity in FaDu cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the less-calcemia 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, MART-10, is a promising drug for HNSCC treatment. Further clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ying Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai C Chen
- Endocrine Core Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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32
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen SC, Pang JHS, Yeh CN, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Takano M, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Sun CC, Juang HH. The Vitamin D Analog, MART-10, Attenuates Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Metastatic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17040606. [PMID: 27110769 PMCID: PMC4849057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding breast cancer treatment, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a difficult issue. Most TNBC patients die of cancer metastasis. Thus, to develop a new regimen to attenuate TNBC metastatic potential is urgently needed. MART-10 (19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)2D3), the newly-synthesized 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, has been shown to be much more potent in cancer growth inhibition than 1α,25(OH)2D3 and be active in vivo without inducing obvious side effect. In this study, we demonstrated that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 could effectively repress TNBC cells migration and invasion with MART-10 more effective. MART-10 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced cadherin switching (upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin) and downregulated P-cadherin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. The EMT(epithelial mesenchymal transition) process in MDA-MB-231 cells was repressed by MART-10 through inhibiting Zeb1, Zeb2, Slug, and Twist expression. LCN2, one kind of breast cancer metastasis stimulator, was also found for the first time to be repressed by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 in breast cancer cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity was also downregulated by MART-10. Furthermore, F-actin synthesis in MDA-MB-231 cells was attenuated as exposure to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. Based on our result, we conclude that MART-10 could effectively inhibit TNBC cells metastatic potential and deserves further investigation as a new regimen to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department and Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Cheh Chen
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 13228, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 13228, Japan.
| | - Tai C Chen
- Endocrine Core Lab, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
- Urology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 20401, Taiwan.
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Chen MH, Weng JJ, Cheng CT, Wu RC, Huang SC, Wu CE, Chung YH, Liu CY, Chang MH, Chen MH, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Su Y, Yeh CN. ALDH1A3, the Major Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isoform in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells, Affects Prognosis and Gemcitabine Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4225-35. [PMID: 27076629 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a fatal primary liver cancer resulting from diagnosis at an advanced stage. Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma may improve the disease prognosis. Enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is suggested to be associated with increased drug resistance and the metastasis. This study aims to investigate the roles of the ALDH isoforms in cholangiocarcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Aldefluor assays, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis were used to identify the major ALDH isoforms contributing to Aldefluor activity in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. We manipulated isoform expression in HuCCT1 cells to elucidate the role of ALDH1A3 in the malignant progression of these cells. Finally, we used immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the clinical significance of ALDH1A3 in 77 hepatectomized cholangiocarcinoma patients and an additional 31 patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma who received gemcitabine-based therapy. RESULTS ALDH(high) cholangiocarcinoma cells not only migrated faster but were more resistant to gemcitabine. Among the 19 ALDH isoforms studied, ALDH1A3 was found to be the main contributor to Aldefluor activity. In addition, we also found that knockdown of ALDH1A3 expression in HuCCT1 cells markedly reduced not only their sensitivity to gemcitabine, which might be attributed to a decreased expression of ribonucleotide reductase M1, but also their migration. Most importantly, this enzyme was also identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as a prognostic biomarker of gemcitabine-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS ALDH1A3 plays an important role in enhancing malignant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma and serves as a new therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4225-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jie Weng
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-En Wu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsin Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tsui KH, Lin YH, Chung LC, Chuang ST, Feng TH, Chiang KC, Chang PL, Yeh CJ, Juang HH. Prostate-derived ets factor represses tumorigenesis and modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:142-151. [PMID: 26965996 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-derived Ets (E-twenty six) factor (PDEF), an epithelium-specific member of the Ets family of transcription factors, has been shown to play a role in suppressing the development of many epithelium-derived cancers such as prostate and breast cancer. It is not clear, however, whether PDEF is involved in the development or progression of bladder cancer. In a comparison between normal urothelium and bladder tumor tissue, we identified significant decreases of PDEF in the tumor tissue. Further, the immunohistochemistry assays indicated a significantly higher immunostaining of PDEF in low-grade bladder tumors. Additionally, the highly differentiated transitional-cell bladder carcinoma RT-4 cells expressed significantly more PDEF levels than the bladder carcinoma HT1376 and the T24 cells. Ectopic overexpression of PDEF attenuated proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of bladder carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. PDEF enhanced the expression levels of mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN), N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), KAI1, and B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2). PDEF modulated epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) by upregulating E-cadherin expression and downregulating the expression of N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, and vimentin, leading to lower migration and invasion abilities of bladder carcinoma cells. Filamentous actin (F-actin) polarization and remodeling were observed in PDEF-knockdown RT-4 cells. Our results suggest that PDEF gene expression is associated with the extent of bladder neoplasia and PDEF modulated the expressions of EMT-related genes. The induction of BTG2, NDRG1, MASPIN, and KAI1 gene expressions by PDEF may explain the inhibitory functions of PDEF on the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in bladder carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ting Chuang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Zebafish Center, General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Phei-Lang Chang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Chiang KC, Sun CC, Chen MH, Huang CY, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Juang HH, Takano M, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Yeh CN, Pang JHS. MART-10, the new brand of 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, is a potent anti-angiogenic agent in vivo and in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:26-34. [PMID: 26385607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is the hall marker for cancer growth and metastasis. Thus, anti-angiogenesis emerges as a new way to treat cancer. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is recently getting popular due to the non-mineral functions, which have been applied fore cancer treatment. The newly-synthesized 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, MART-10, has been proved to be much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 regarding inhibiting cancer cells growth and metastasis without inducing hypercalcemia in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MART-10 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS MART-10 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 were able to repress VEGFA-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration, invasion and tube formation, but not proliferation, with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay and matrigeal angiogenesis assay further confirmed the in vivo more potent anti-angiogenesis effect of MART-10. MART-10 inhibited the VEGFA-induced HUVECs angiogenesis process through downregulation of Akt and Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. The VEGFA-VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) axis is the main signal transducing pathway to stimulate angiogenesis. A positive autocrine manner was found for the first time in HUVECs as treated by VEGFA, which induced VEGFA expression and secretion, and VEGFR2 expression. MART-10 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 were demonstrated to be able to repress this positive autocrine manner, thus inhibiting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS MART-10 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 both are effective anti-angiogenesis agents. Given MART-10 is much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 and active in vivo without obvious side effect, MART-10 should be deemed as a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, and Genome Research Center, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, M-1022, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Chiang KC, Yen CL, Yeh CN, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Wang SY, Sun CC, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Yeh TS, Hsu SY, Juang HH. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells express 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase and are able to convert 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)₂D, leading to the 25(OH)D-induced growth inhibition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:47-52. [PMID: 26170242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most diagnosed liver cancer without effective treatments available for advanced HCC. Vitamin D is getting popular due to its anti-cancer characteristics. However, the clinical application of 1α,25(OH)2D, the active form of vitamin, is hampered by its hypercalcemia side effect. 1α,25(OH)2D is converted from 25(OH)D, the index of serum vitamin D status, by CYP27B1, which is originally found in kidneys but recently detected in non-renal tissues. 25(OH)D has been shown to repress some cancers expressing CYP27B1 due to the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D, which works in a intra-, auto-, or paracrine manner and thus minimizes the risk of hypercalcemia. In this study, we found CYP27B1 expression in human hepatocyte, HCC, and HepG2 cells. As we treated HepG2 cells with 25(OH)D, the 1α,25(OH)2D target gene CYP24A1 expression was increased and was further upregulated as CYP27B1 transfection or downregulated as CYP27B1 knockdown. Other 1α,25(OH)2D target genes in HepG2 cells, p21 and p27 were also stimulated by 25(OH)D after CYP27B1 transfection. Further, 25(OH)D could inhibit HepG2 cells growth, which was potentiated by CYP27B1 transfection. Collectively, we showed for the first time that HCC expressed CYP27B1 and was able to covert 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D in vitro, thus responsive to 25(OH)D treatment. Our data justifies the application of 25(OH)D and CYP27B1 gene transfection therapy in further HCC treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cho-Li Yen
- Gastroenterology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Gastroenterology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, TaoYuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, TaoYuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in resectable gastric cancer (GC). This was a retrospective review of 1030 patients with resectable GC managed between 2005 and 2011. Patients were stratified into 2 groups, those with a preoperative NLR >3.44 and those with a preoperative NLR ≤ 3.44. Clinicopathological data affecting patient prognosis were collected prospectively and analyzed. The high NLR (> 3.44) group had a higher proportion of a platelet to lymphocyte ratio > 132, tumor size > 4.8 cm, T4 lesions, metastatic tumors, a ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes >0.18, positive resection margins, and presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion than the low NLR (≤ 3.44) group. Patients with a high preoperative NLR had significantly lower 3- and 5-year overall survival rates than those with a low preoperative NLR (55.1% vs 71.0% and 47.2% vs 64.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Preoperative NLR was a prognostic factor for resectable GC in multivariate analysis. More aggressive tumor behavior was observed in patients with resectable GC with a high preoperative NLR than in those with a low preoperative NLR. High preoperative NLR was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Measurement of this ratio may serve as a clinically accessible and useful biomarker for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Te Hsu
- From the Department of Surgery (J-TH, C-KL, T-SY), Department of Gastroenterology (P-HL, T-HC, C-JL), and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (J-SC) and Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (K-CC)
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Chiang KC, Kuo SF, Chen CH, Ng S, Lin SF, Yeh CN, Chen LW, Takano M, Chen TC, Juang HH, Kittaka A, Lin JD, Pang JHS. MART-10, the vitamin D analog, is a potent drug to inhibit anaplastic thyroid cancer cell metastatic potential. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:76-85. [PMID: 26282787 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is still very poor due to its fast growth and high metastatic potential. Currently, no effective treatment is available. The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, has been shown to have a anti-metastatic effect in pre-clinical studies, however induction of hypercalcemia hampered its clinical application. The new class of less-calcemic vitamin D analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10), is much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 to repress cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 could effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of ATC cells, 8305C and 8505C, with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The anti-metastatic effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 on ATC cells is mediated by reversal of cadherin switch (upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin), which led to the attenuation of EMT process, and decrease of F-actin formation. We further showed that the expressions of Slug, the EMT-related transcriptional factor, and MMP-9 were inhibited by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 in 8505C cells, but not in 8303C cells. Since metastasis is the important cause of ATC-related death, our results strongly encourage the further in vivo study of MART-10 application against ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sohching Ng
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chiang KC, Chen HY, Hsu SY, Pang JHS, Wang SY, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Sun CC, Lee JM, Yeh CN, Juang HH. PTEN insufficiency modulates ER+ breast cancer cell cycle progression and increases cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:4631-8. [PMID: 26316702 PMCID: PMC4541544 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well-known tumor suppressor gene and frequently mutated or lost in breast cancer, possesses the negative regulation function over the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. PTEN insufficiency has been associated with advanced breast cancer and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Recently, target therapies aimed at PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to treat breast cancer have got popularity. However, the exact effect of PTEN on breast cancer cells is still not well understood. This study demonstrated that PTEN knockdown in MCF-7 cells strengthened the downstream gene expressions, including p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, p-p70s6k, and p-GSK3β. PTEN knockdown MCF-7 cells had increased cell growth and Ki-67 expression. Further Western blot demonstrated that p27 was repressed obviously with p21 slightly inhibited and CDK1, 2, 4, 6, cyclin A, and Cdc25C were upregulated in MCF-7 PTEN knockdown cells, leading to the higher growth rate. More importantly, PTEN knockdown MCF-7 cells had higher tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vivo. From our current work, we provided more detailed PTEN-mediated mechanisms to stimulate ER+ breast cancer cell growth. Our result may pave the way for further target therapy development used alone or in combination with other drugs for ER+ breast cancer with PTEN insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Republic of China ; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huang-Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jim-Ming Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cheng CT, Chu YY, Yeh CN, Huang SC, Chen MH, Wang SY, Tsai CY, Chiang KC, Chen YY, Ma MC, Liu CT, Chen TW, Yeh TS. Peritumoral SPARC expression and patient outcome with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1899-907. [PMID: 26251613 PMCID: PMC4524580 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s78728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) affects thousands worldwide with increasing incidence. SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) plays an important role in cellular matrix interactions, wound repair, and cellular migration, and has been reported to prevent malignancy from growth. SPARC undergoes epigenetic silencing in pancreatic malignancy, but is frequently expressed by stromal fibroblasts adjacent to infiltrating pancreatic adenocarcinomas. CCA is also a desmoplastic tumor, similar to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. SPARC’s clinical influence on clinicopathological characteristics of mass-forming (MF)-CCA still remains unclear. In this study, we evaluate the expression of SPARC in tumor and stromal tissue to clarity its relation with prognosis. Methods Seventy-eight MF-CCA patients who underwent hepatectomy with curative intent were enrolled for an immunohistochemical study of SPARC. The expression of immunostaining of SPARC was characterized for both tumor and stromal tissues. We conducted survival analysis with 16 clinicopathological variables. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results Thirty-three men and 45 women with MF-CCA were studied. Within total 78 subjects, 12 (15.4%) were classified as tumor negative/stroma negative, 37 (47.4%) as tumor positive/stroma negative, four (5.1%) as tumor negative/stroma positive, and 25 (32.1%) as tumor positive/stroma positive. With a median follow-up of 13.6 months, the 5-year OS was 14.9%. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that SPARC tumor positive and stromal negative immunostaining and curative hepatectomy predicted favorable OS in patients with MF-CCA after hepatectomy. Conclusion MF-CCA patients with SPARC tumor positive and stromal negative expression may have favorable OS rates after curative hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Ma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chang SC, Liao CH, Wang SY, Tsai CY, Chiang KC, Cheng CT, Yeh TS, Chen YY, Ma MC, Liu CT, Yeh CN. Feasibility and Timing of Cytoreduction Surgery in Advanced (Metastatic or Recurrent) Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors During the Era of Imatinib. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1014. [PMID: 26091448 PMCID: PMC4616552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) was dramatically improved in the era of imatinib. Cytoreduction surgery was advocated as an additional treatment for advanced GISTs, especially when patients having poor response to imatinib or developing resistance to it. However, the efficacy and benefit of cytoreduction were still controversial. Likewise, the sequence between cytoreduction surgery and imatinib still need evaluation. In this study, we tried to assess the feasibility and efficiency of cytoreduction in advanced GISTs. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of timing of the cytoreduction surgery on the prognosis of advanced GISTs. We conducted a prospective collecting retrospective review of patients with advanced GISTs (metastatic, unresectable, and recurrent GISTs) treated in Chang Gung memorial hospital (CGMH) since 2001 to 2013. We analyzed the impact of cytoreduction surgery to response to imatinib, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced GISTs. Moreover, by the timing of cytoreduction to imatinib, we divided the surgical patients who had surgery before imatinib use into early group and those who had surgery after imatinib into late. We compared the clinical response to imatinib, PFS and OS between early and late cytoreduction surgical groups. Totally, 182 patients were enrolled into this study. Seventy-six patients underwent cytoreduction surgery. The demographic characteristics and tumor presentation were similar between surgical and non-surgical groups. The surgical group showed better complete response rate (P < .001) and partial response rate (P = 0.008) than non-surgical group. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year PFS were significantly superior in surgical group (P = 0.003). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS were superior in surgical group, but without statistical significance (P = 0.088). Dividing by cytoreduction surgical timing, the demographic characteristics and tumor presentation were comparable in early and late groups. The late cytoreduction group presented higher R0 resection rate (59.1% vs 31.5%, P = 0.025). However, the PFS and OS were comparable in both groups.Combining imatinib with cytoreduction increased the response rate to imatinib and prolonged PFS in patients with advanced GISTs. Moreover, early and late cytoreduction surgery was comparable in prognosis, although late cytoreduction revealed higher complete resection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Chang
- From the Department of General Surgery (S-CC, C-YT, C-NY); Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University (C-HL, S-YW, C-TC, T-SY); Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan (K-CC); and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (Y-YC, M-CMA, C-TL)
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Yeh CN, Yen CC, Chen YY, Cheng CT, Huang SC, Chang TW, Yao FY, Lin YC, Wen YS, Chiang KC, Chen JS, Yeh TS, Tzeng CH, Chao TC, Fletcher JA. Identification of aurora kinase A as an unfavorable prognostic factor and potential treatment target for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4071-86. [PMID: 24901229 PMCID: PMC4147307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although imatinib mesylate (IM) has revolutionized the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), drug resistance remains a challenge. Previous studies have shown that the expression of aurora kinase A (AURKA) predicts recurrence in patients with primary, surgically resected GISTs. The current study aimed to evaluate the significance of AURKA expression as an unfavorable prognostic marker for advanced GISTs, and provide evidence that AURKA could be a potential therapeutic target in GISTs. The prognostic significance of the expression of AURKA, along with other clinicopathological factors, was analyzed in a cohort of 99 IM-treated patients with advanced GISTs. The potential use of an inhibitor of AURKA as a therapeutic agent against GISTs was also tested in GIST cell lines. Among 99 enrolled patients, poor performance status, large tumor size, drug response, and AURKA overexpression were independent prognostic factors for poor progression-free survival (PFS). For overall survival (OS), only large tumor size and AURKA overexpression were identified as independent unfavorable factors. In an in vitro study, MLN8237, an AURKA inhibitor, inhibited growth of both IM-sensitive and IM-resistant GIST cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity with IM in GIST cells. The inhibitory effect of MLN8237 in GIST cells could be attributed to the induction of G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. Our study shows that AURKA expression independently predicted poor PFS and OS in patients with advanced GISTs who were treated with IM. An AURKA inhibitor may have potential as a therapeutic agent for both IM-sensitive and IM-resistant GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Gueishan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Lin KJ, Su LJ, Yen TC, Pang JHS, Kittaka A, Sun CC, Chen MF, Jan YY, Chen TC, Juang HH, Yeh TS. Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin D on cholangiocarcinoma in a Chemical-Induced animal model. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3849-61. [PMID: 24939880 PMCID: PMC4116525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer. Vitamin D supplementation is getting popular due to its anti-tumor functions after conversion to its active form, 1α,25(OH)2D. Here, we show that dietary supplementation with 6 IU/g of vitamin D greatly suppressed ICC initiation and progression without apparent toxicity in a chemically induced rat model. Microarray analysis of rat ICC tissues showed vitamin D supplementation modulated the expressions of several unique genes, including lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Further, 53 of 80 human ICC specimens (66%) exhibited high LCN2 expression and LCN2 knockdown in SNU308 cells decreased cell growth and migration, suggesting LCN2 be an oncogene in human ICC. As human ICC SNU1079 cells were treated by 1α,25(OH)2D3, LCN2 expression and cell proliferation were attenuated. The downregulation of LCN2 expression was blunted when vitamin D receptor (VDR) was knocked down, implicating that the in vivo Lcn2 downregulation is a direct consequence of vitamin D supplementation Our results support the prevailing concept that vitamin D status is negatively associated with cancer incidence and mortality and suggest LCN2 may be a potential target against ICC. Further studies of application of vitamin D or its analogs against ICC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkoul, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu YY, Tsai CY, Yeh CN, Chiang KC, Wang SY, Cheng CT, Liao CH, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Jan YY, Chen MF. Gastric cancer patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent radical gastrectomy. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2263-2268. [PMID: 25862888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy (RG) with lymph node (LN) dissection is a standard procedure for gastric cancer (GC). Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) usually have high risk for any operative procedure. However, information for ESRD on RG for GC is limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2,021 GC patients who underwent RG with LN dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 26 patients had ESRD. The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes were compared between GC with ESRD (ESRD-GC group) and GC without ESRD (GC group). RESULTS ESRD-GC patients could be independently differentiated from GC patients by lower hemoglobin, negative lymph node (LN) involvement and higher postoperative complications. The overall survival rate of ESRD-GC group seemed better than that of GC group patients. Lesser depth of tumor invasion, LN metastasis and lymphatic invasion and early-staged tumor contributed to favorable prognosis of ESRD-GC group of patients. CONCLUSION RG might be beneficial for GC-ESRD patients especially for early-stage disease; however, RG for GC patients with ESRD should be more cautiously performed, otherwise the benefit might be compromised by higher postoperative complications and even mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yin Liu
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Te Hsu
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Yin Jan
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Miin-Fu Chen
- Gastric Cancer Team, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Yeh CN, Wang SY, Hsu JT, Chiang KC, Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Liu YY, Liao CH, Liu KH, Yeh TS. N3 subclassification incorporated into the final pathologic staging of gastric cancer: a modified system based on current AJCC staging. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e575. [PMID: 25715257 PMCID: PMC4554155 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification system for gastric cancer (GC) was established in 2009. We assessed the unmet medical needs of patients with the N3 classification of the seventh TNM staging system by comparing survival according to the extent of nodal involvement, with a particular focus on the cutoff points for the number of involved nodes in the N3 classification. We retrospectively reviewed 3178 patients with GC who were registered in the GC database of the Department of General Surgery at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1994 and 2010. Among them, 884 patients undergoing curative intent resection had N3 lymph node involvement. The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes were compared among all patients with GC and between the N3a and N3b groups. N3b might impose GC patients with poor clinical outcome. We proposed a modified staging system, based on AJCC seventh edition, accordingly. T1-3N3 might be not simply categorized into stage IIIA as seventh AJCC suggested. Taking N3a and N3b into consideration, T1-3N3 might be further categorized into stage IIIB and IIIC, respectively, as we proposed, based on survival analysis. In addition, T4bN3bM0 is as dismal as M1 disease. In our proposed staging system, good discriminations between different stages are still maintained. The N3 category should be subclassified as N3a or N3b due to the survival differences. Furthermore, T1-3N3aM0 could be categorized as stage IIIB, T1-3N3bM0 could be categorized as stage IIIC, T4aN3bM0 could be categorized as stage IIID, and T4bN3bM0 might be regarded as stage IV as we proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- From the Department of General Surgery (C-NY, S-YW, J-TH, K-CC, C-TC, C-YT, Y-YL, C-HL, K-HL, T-SY), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University; and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine(S-YW), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yeh CN, Hsieh FJ, Chiang KC, Chen JS, Yeh TS, Jan YY, Chen MF. Clinical effect of a positive surgical margin after hepatectomy on survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 9:163-74. [PMID: 25552905 PMCID: PMC4277120 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several unfavorable prognostic factors have been proposed for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (PCC) in patients undergoing hepatectomy, including gross type of tumor, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, a high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, and a positive resection margin. However, the clinical effect of a positive surgical margin on the survival of patients with PCC after hepatectomy still needs to be clarified due to conflicting results. METHODS A total of 224 PCC patients who underwent hepatic resection with curative intent between 1977 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-nine patients had a positive resection margin, with 62 having a microscopically positive margin and 27 a grossly positive margin (R2). The clinicopathological features, outcomes, and recurrence pattern were compared with patients with curative hepatectomy. RESULTS PCC patients with hepatolithiasis, periductal infiltrative or periductal infiltrative mixed with mass-forming growth, higher T stage, and more advanced stage tended to have higher positive resection margin rates after hepatectomy. PCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy had a significantly higher survival rate than did those with a positive surgical margin. When PCC patients underwent hepatectomy with a positive resection margin, the histological grade of the tumor, nodal positivity, and chemotherapy significantly affected overall survival. Locoregional recurrence was the most common pattern of recurrence. CONCLUSION A positive resection margin had an unfavorable effect on overall survival in PCC patients undergoing hepatectomy. In these patients, the prognosis was determined by the biology of the tumor, including differentiation and nodal positivity, and chemotherapy increased overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jen Hsieh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yin Jan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Miin-Fu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chiang KC, Lee CH, Yeh CN, Ueng SH, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Jan YY, Hwang TL, Chen MF. A novel role of the tumor size in pancreatic cancer as an ancillary factor for predicting resectability. J Cancer Res Ther 2014; 10:142-6. [PMID: 24762501 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.131464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) is a devastating disease. Only surgery can provide effective treatment. The resectability of pancreatic cancer is mainly determined by image studies. However, half of the patients deemed as operable, radiologically, are found to be inoperable during surgery. Previously, we have showed that both CA 19-9 and tumor size could predict PCA resectability, independently. Here, we aimed to determine the cut-off value for tumor size permitting PCA resectability by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 372 patients undergoing surgery for histopathologically proven PCA. We compared tumor sizes of patients in resectable and unresectable groups and analyzed them by the ROC curve. RESULTS The tumor size in unresectable groups is significantly larger than that in the resectable group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.665-0.789), which represented a good correlation between the tumor size and pancreatic cancer resectability. The PCA patients with a tumor diameter of > 4.8 cm had a 5.043-fold higher chance of unresectability than did those with a tumor diameter < 4.8 cm (odds ratio, 5.043; 95% CI, 3.221-7.894). CONCLUSIONS A tumor diameter > 4.8 cm is a potential ancillary parameter for determining the resectability of PCA in addition to traditional image studies. Diagnosis laparoscopy may be indicated for radiologically resectable PCA patients with tumor size > 4.8 cm to prevent unnecessary laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, R.O.C, Taiwan
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Chiang KC, Chen TH, Hsu JT. Management of chronic pancreatitis complicated with a bleeding pseudoaneurysm. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16132-16137. [PMID: 25473165 PMCID: PMC4239499 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is an ongoing disease characterized by persistent inflammation of pancreatic tissues. With disease progression, patients with chronic pancreatitis may develop troublesome complications in addition to exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functional loss. Among them, a pseudoaneurysm, mainly induced by digestive enzyme erosion of vessels in proximity to the pancreas, is a rare and life-threatening complication if bleeding of the pseudoaneurysm occurs. At present, no prospective randomized trials have investigated the therapeutic strategy for this rare but critical situation. The role of arterial embolization, the timing of surgical intervention and even surgical procedures are still controversial. In this review, we suggest that dynamic abdominal computed tomography and angiography should be performed first to localize the bleeders and to evaluate the associated complications such as pseudocyst formation, followed by arterial embolization to stop the bleeding and to achieve early stabilization of the patient’s condition. With advances and improvements in endoscopic devices and techniques, therapeutic endoscopy for pancreatic pseudocysts is technically feasible, safe and effective. Surgical intervention is recommended for a bleeding pseudoaneurysm in patients with chronic pancreatitis who are in an unstable condition, for those in whom arterial embolization of the bleeding pseudoaneurysm fails, and when endoscopic management of the pseudocyst is unsuccessful. If a bleeding pseudoaneurysm is located over the tail of the pancreas, resection is a preferential procedure, whereas if the lesion is situated over the head or body of the pancreas, relatively conservative surgical procedures are recommended.
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MESH Headings
- Aneurysm, False/diagnosis
- Aneurysm, False/etiology
- Aneurysm, False/therapy
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnosis
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/therapy
- Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects
- Hemostasis, Endoscopic/adverse effects
- Humans
- Pancreatectomy/adverse effects
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/diagnosis
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Radiography, Abdominal/methods
- Risk Factors
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Hsu JT, Chen TH, Chiang KC, Kuo CJ, Lin CJ, Yeh TS. Role of p38 MAPK pathway in 17β-estradiol-mediated attenuation of hemorrhagic shock-induced hepatic injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:187-92. [PMID: 25593217 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment following hemorrhagic shock or ischemic reperfusion prevents organs from dysfunction and injury, the precise mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesize that the E2-mediated attenuation of liver injury following hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation occurs via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway. After a 5-cm midline laparotomy, male rats underwent hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure ∼40 mmHg for 90 min) followed by fluid resuscitation. At the onset of resuscitation, rats were treated with vehicle, E2 (1 mg/kg) alone, or E2 plus p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 (2 mg/kg), HO-1 inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin-IX chloride (2.5 mg/kg) or estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (3 mg/kg). At 2 h after hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation, the liver injury markers were significantly increased compared with sham-operated control. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in a significant decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation compared with the shams. Administration of E2 following hemorrhagic shock normalized liver p38 MAPK phosphorylation, further increased HO-1 expression, and reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels. Coadministration of SB-203580 abolished the E2-mediated attenuation of the shock-induced liver injury markers. In addition, administration of chromium mesoporphyrin-IX chloride or ICI 182,780 abolished E2-mediated increases in liver HO-1 expression or p38 MAPK activation following hemorrhagic shock. Our results collectively suggest that the salutary effects of E2 on hepatic injury following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation are in part mediated through an estrogen-receptor-related p38 MAPK-dependent HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Yeh CN, Chiang KC, Chen YY, Wang SY, Chen TW, Tseng JH, Jung SM, Chen TC, Yeh TS. Clinical significance of pathological complete response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors after imatinib mesylate treatment--lessons learned. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6617-6625. [PMID: 25368266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Imatinib mesylate (IM) has substantial efficacy in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and pathological complete response (pCR) following IM treatment has been sporadically reported; however, its clinical significance for GIST needs to be clarified. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001 to 2010, 26 out of 171 patients with metastatic GIST who received IM with response or stable disease underwent operation. Among them, 12 operations with pCR were compared to 14 operations without pCR regarding clinicopathological features, mutation status, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Following the operation, each tumor was assessed immunohistologically, and genetic analysis was performed on the tumor tissue. RESULTS Twelve out of 26 (46.2%) patients with metastatic GIST who received IM with response or stable disease had pCR. After a median follow-up of 40.8 months, patients with pCR had significantly better PFS and OS than those without pCR [2-year PFS and OS: 82.5% and 100% versus 35.6% and 49.4%, (p=0.014 and p=0.004) respectively]. Predictive factors for pCR were: origin of GIST, response after IM therapy, and duration of IM use before operation. Patients without pCR had a significantly higher frequency of secondary mutation when compared to those with pCR (47.4% versus 0%; p=0.004). CONCLUSION Patients with colorectal GIST receiving IM who responded more quickly to IM treatment prior to surgery had a higher chance of pCR. pCR results in significantly favorable PFS and OS, however, IM cannot be withdrawn. Patients without pCR had a significantly higher frequency of secondary mutation when compared to those with pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Wen Chen
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Hwei Tseng
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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