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Fujita Y, Atageldiyeva KK, Takeda Y, Yanagimachi T, Makino Y, Haneda M. A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lean Insulinopenic Akita Mice Along With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:601594. [PMID: 33362717 PMCID: PMC7759607 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.601594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A low-carbohydrate diet (LC) can be beneficial to obese subjects with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) presents prompt glucose-lowering effects in subjects with T2DM. We investigated how LC and SGLT2i could similarly or differently influence on the metabolic changes, including glucose, lipid, and ketone metabolism in lean insulinopenic Akita mice. We also examined the impacts of the combination. METHODS Male Akita mice were fed ad libitum normal-carbohydrate diet (NC) as a control or low-carbohydrate diet (LC) as an intervention for 8 weeks with or without SGLT2i treatment. Body weight and casual bold glucose levels were monitored during the study, in addition to measuring TG, NEFA, and ketone levels. We quantified gene expressions involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver and the kidney. We also investigated the immunostaining analysis of pancreatic islets to assess the effect of islet protection. RESULTS Both LC and SGLT2i treatment reduced chronic hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combination therapy additionally ameliorated glycemic levels and preserved the islet morphology in part. LC but not SGLT2i increased body weight accompanied by epididymal fat accumulation. In contrast, SGLT2i, not LC potentiated four-fold ketone production with higher ketogenic gene expression, in comparison with the non-treated Akita mice. Besides, the combination did not enhance further ketone production compared to the SGLT2i alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that both LC and SGLT2i reduced chronic hyperglycemia, and the combination presented synergistic favorable effects concomitantly with amelioration of islet morphology, while the combination did not enhance further ketosis in Akita mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yukihiro Fujita,
| | - Kuralay K. Atageldiyeva
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
| | - Yasutaka Takeda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Makino
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Integrated Medical Education Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Atageldiyeva KK, Nemr R, Echtay A, Racoubian E, Sarray S, Almawi WY. Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism influence the susceptibility to nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Gene 2019; 715:144011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yanagimachi T, Fujita Y, Takeda Y, Honjo J, Atageldiyeva KK, Takiyama Y, Abiko A, Makino Y, Kieffer TJ, Haneda M. Pancreatic glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (1-30) expression is upregulated in diabetes and PEGylated GIP(1-30) can suppress the progression of low-dose-STZ-induced hyperglycaemia in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:533-41. [PMID: 26693710 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone released from gut K cells. While the predominant form is GIP(1-42), a shorter form, GIP(1-30), is produced by pancreatic alpha cells and promotes insulin secretion in a paracrine manner. Here, we elucidated whether GIP(1-30) expression is modulated in mouse models of diabetes. We then investigated whether PEGylated GIP(1-30) can improve islet function and morphology as well as suppress the progression to hyperglycaemia in mice treated with low-dose streptozotocin (LD-STZ). METHODS We examined pancreatic GIP immunoreactivity in rodent diabetic models. We synthesised [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30) and modified the C-terminus with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to produce a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-resistant long-acting GIP analogue, [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30)-PEG. We performed i.p.GTT and immunohistochemical analysis in non-diabetic and LD-STZ diabetic mice, with or without administration of [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30)-PEG. RESULTS Pancreatic GIP expression was concomitantly enhanced with alpha cell expansion in rodent models of diabetes. Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor decreased both the GIP- and glucagon-positive areas and preserved the insulin-positive area in LD-STZ diabetic mice. Body weight was not affected by [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30)-PEG in LD-STZ or non-diabetic mice. Treatment with GIP significantly ameliorated chronic hyperglycaemia and improved glucose excursions in LD-STZ mice. Treatment with GIP also reduced alpha cell expansion in the islets and suppressed plasma glucagon levels compared with non-treated LD-STZ mice. Additionally, [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30)-PEG preserved beta cell area via inhibition of apoptosis in LD-STZ mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that GIP(1-30) expression is upregulated in diabetes, and PEGylated GIP(1-30) can suppress the progression to STZ-induced hyperglycaemia by inhibiting beta cell apoptosis and alpha cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Takeda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Honjo
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kuralay K Atageldiyeva
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Takiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuko Abiko
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Makino
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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