1
|
Welham A, Chorvinsky E, Bhattacharya S, Bera BS, Salka K, Weinstock J, Chen XX, Perez GF, Pillai DK, Gutierrez MJ, Morizono H, Jaiswal J, Nino G. High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 38148520 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a primarily epithelial-derived cytokine that drives type 2 allergic immune responses. Early life viral respiratory infections elicit high TSLP production, which leads to the development of type 2 inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. The goal of this study was to examine in vivo and in vitro the human airway epithelial responses leading to high TSLP production during viral respiratory infections in early infancy. A total of 129 infants (<1-24 m, median age 10 m) with severe viral respiratory infections were enrolled for in vivo (n = 113), and in vitro studies (n = 16). Infants were classified as 'high TSLP' or 'low TSLP' for values above or below the 50th percentile. High versus low TSLP groups were compared in terms of type I-III IFN responses and production of chemokines promoting antiviral (CXCL10), neutrophilic (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8), and type 2 responses (CCL11, CCL17, CCL22). Human infant airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures were used to define the transcriptomic (RNAseq) profile leading to high versus low TSLP responses in vitro in the absence (baseline) or presence (stimulated) of a viral mimic (poly I:C). Infants in the high TSLP group had greater in vivo type III IFN airway production (median type III IFN in high TSLP 183.2 pg/mL vs. 63.4 pg/mL in low TSLP group, p = 0.007) and increased in vitro type I-III IFN AEC responses after stimulation with a viral mimic (poly I:C). At baseline, our RNAseq data showed that infants in the high TSLP group had significant upregulation of IFN signature genes (e.g., IFIT2, IFI6, MX1) and pro-inflammatory chemokine genes before stimulation. Infants in the high TSLP group also showed a baseline AEC pro-inflammatory state characterized by increased production of all the chemokines assayed (e.g., CXCL10, CXCL8). High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity and increased baseline AEC production of pro-inflammatory chemokines. These findings present a new paradigm underlying the production of TSLP in the human infant airway epithelium following early life viral exposure and shed light on the long-term impact of viral respiratory illnesses during early infancy and beyond childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Welham
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Betelehem Solomon Bera
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xilei Xu Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Geovanny F Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chorvinsky E, Nino G, Salka K, Gaviria S, Gutierrez MJ, Pillai DK. TSLP bronchoalveolar lavage levels at baseline are linked to clinical disease severity and reduced lung function in children with asthma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:971073. [PMID: 36245744 PMCID: PMC9557150 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.971073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is increasingly recognized as a key molecule in asthma pathogenesis and as a promising therapeutic target in adults. In contrast, in asthmatic children the clinical relevance of TSLP secretion in the lower airways has been remarkably understudied. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary TSLP levels in asthmatic children correlate with clinical severity, airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and relevant clinical data were collected from asthmatic children undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy at Children's National Hospital in Washington D.C. Protein levels of TSLP, IL-5, IL-1β, and IL-33 were quantified in BAL at baseline and correlated with individual severity and clinical features including spirometry, serum IgE and eosinophils, BAL neutrophil and eosinophil counts. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 35 asthmatic children (median age: 9 years). Pediatric subjects with severe asthma had greater TSLP BAL levels at baseline relative to mild or moderate asthmatic subjects (p = 0.016). Asthmatic children with the highest TSLP levels (>75th percentile) had higher IL-5 and IL-1β BAL levels and greater lower airway obstruction (lower FEV1/FVC ratios). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates for the first time that higher pulmonary TSLP levels obtained at baseline are linked to asthma disease severity in a subset of children. These data indicate that TSLP may play a key role in the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma and thus provide initial support to investigate the potential use of anti-TSLP biologics to treat severe uncontrolled asthmatic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Susana Gaviria
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salka K, Abutaleb K, Chorvinsky E, Thiruvengadam G, Arroyo M, Gomez JL, Gutierrez MJ, Pillai DK, Jaiswal JK, Nino G. IFN Stimulates ACE2 Expression in Pediatric Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:515-518. [PMID: 33544656 PMCID: PMC8008803 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0352le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Salka
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Karima Abutaleb
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Girija Thiruvengadam
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Maria Arroyo
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Jose L. Gomez
- Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, Connecticutand
| | | | - Dinesh K. Pillai
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Children’s National HospitalWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
XuChen X, Weinstock J, Arroyo M, Salka K, Chorvinsky E, Abutaleb K, Aguilar H, Kahanowitch R, Rodríguez-Martínez CE, Perez GF, Gutierrez MJ, Nino G. Airway Remodeling Factors During Early-Life Rhinovirus Infection and the Effect of Premature Birth. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:610478. [PMID: 33718297 PMCID: PMC7952989 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.610478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early rhinovirus (RV) infection is a strong risk factor for asthma development. Airway remodeling factors play a key role in the progression of the asthmatic condition. We hypothesized that RV infection in young children elicits the secretion of growth factors implicated in airway remodeling and asthma progression. Methods: We examined the nasal airway production of remodeling factors in children ( ≤ 2 years old) hospitalized due to PCR-confirmed RV infection. Airway remodeling proteins included: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, EGF, Angiopoietin-2, G-CSF, BMP-9, Endoglin, Endothelin-1, Leptin, FGF-1, Follistatin, HGF, HB-EGF, PLGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, FGF-2, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, PDGF AA, PDGF BB, SPARC, Periostin, OPN, and TGF-α. Results: A total of 43 young children comprising RV cases (n = 26) and uninfected controls (n = 17) were included. Early RV infection was linked to (1) enhanced production of several remodeling factors (e.g., HGF, TGFα), (2) lower MMP-9/TIMP-2 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios, and (3) increased MMP-10/TIMP-1 ratios. We also found that relative to term infants, severely premature children had reduced MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios at baseline. Conclusion: RV infection in young children elicits the airway secretion of growth factors implicated in angiogenesis, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix deposition. Our results highlight the potential of investigating virus-induced airway remodeling growth factors during early infancy to monitor and potentially prevent chronic progression of respiratory disorders in all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilei XuChen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Maria Arroyo
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Karima Abutaleb
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hector Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan Kahanowitch
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Geovanny F Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salka K, Arroyo M, Chorvinsky E, Abutaleb K, Perez GF, Wolf S, Xuchen X, Weinstock J, Gutierrez MJ, Pérez-Losada M, Pillai DK, Nino G. Innate IFN-lambda responses to dsRNA in the human infant airway epithelium and clinical regulatory factors during viral respiratory infections in early life. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1044-1054. [PMID: 32623773 PMCID: PMC7484417 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IFN lambda (type III-IFN-λ1) is a molecule primarily produced by epithelial cells that provides an important first-line defence against viral respiratory infections and has been linked to the pathogenesis of viral-induced wheezing in early life. The goal of this study was to better understand the regulation of innate IFN-lambda responses in vitro in primary human infant airway epithelial cells (AECs) and in vivo using nasal aspirates during viral respiratory infections. METHODS IFN-lambda protein levels were quantified: (a) in human infant AECs exposed to (poly(I:C) dsRNA) under different experimental conditions (n = 8 donors); and (b) in nasal aspirates of young children (≤3 years) hospitalized with viral respiratory infection (n = 138) and in uninfected controls (n = 74). In vivo IFN-lambda airway levels during viral infections were correlated with individual characteristics and respiratory disease parameters. RESULTS Our in vitro experiments showed that the poly(I:C)-induced innate production of IFN lambda in human infant AECs is regulated by (a) p38-MAPK/NF-kB dependent mechanism; and (b) exposure to pro-inflammatory signals such as IL1β. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that (a) infants (<18 months) had higher virus-induced IFN-lambda airway secretion; (b) subjects with RSV infection showed the highest IFN-lambda airway levels; and (c) individuals with the highest virus-induced IFN-lambda levels (>90th percentile) had higher viral loads and were more likely to have respiratory sick visits within 12 months of discharge (OR = 5.8). CONCLUSION IFN-lambda responses to dsRNA in the human infant airway epithelium are regulated by p38-MAPK and NF-kB signalling. High in vivo IFN-lambda production is influenced by virus type and associated with recurrent respiratory sick visits in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Maria Arroyo
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Karima Abutaleb
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Seth Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Xilei Xuchen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Maria J. Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Dinesh K. Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arroyo M, Salka K, Chorvinsky E, Xuchen X, Abutaleb K, Perez GF, Weinstock J, Gaviria S, Gutierrez MJ, Nino G. Airway mir-155 responses are associated with TH1 cytokine polarization in young children with viral respiratory infections. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233352. [PMID: 32442188 PMCID: PMC7244143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) control gene expression and the development of the immune system and antiviral responses. MiR-155 is an evolutionarily-conserved molecule consistently induced during viral infections in different cell systems. Notably, there is still an unresolved paradox for the role of miR-155 during viral respiratory infections. Despite being essential for host antiviral TH1 immunity, miR-155 may also contribute to respiratory disease by enhancing allergic TH2 responses and NFkB-mediated inflammation. The central goal of this study was to define how airway miR-155 production is related to TH1, TH2, and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during naturally occurring viral respiratory infections in young children. METHODS Normalized nasal airway levels of miR-155 and nasal protein levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-13, IL-4 were quantified in young children (≤2 years) hospitalized with viral respiratory infections and uninfected controls. These data were linked to individual characteristics and respiratory disease parameters. RESULTS A total of 151 subjects were included. Increased miR-155 levels were observed in nasal samples from patients with rhinovirus, RSV and all respiratory viruses analyzed. High miR-155 levels were strongly associated with high IFN-γ production, increased airway TH1 cytokine polarization (IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios) and increased pro-inflammatory responses. High airway miR-155 levels were linked to decreased respiratory disease severity in individuals with high airway TH1 antiviral responses. CONCLUSIONS The airway secretion of miR-155 during viral respiratory infections in young children is associated with enhanced antiviral immunity (TH1 polarization). Further studies are needed to define additional physiological roles of miR-155 in the respiratory tract of human infants and young children during health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arroyo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kyle Salka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Xilei Xuchen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Karima Abutaleb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Susana Gaviria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arroyo M, Salka K, Perez GF, Rodríguez-Martínez CE, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Gutierrez MJ, Nino G. Phenotypical Sub-setting of the First Episode of Severe Viral Respiratory Infection Based on Clinical Assessment and Underlying Airway Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:121. [PMID: 32300576 PMCID: PMC7142213 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a term often used to group all infants with the first episode of severe viral respiratory infection. However, this term encompasses a collection of different clinical and biological processes. We hypothesized that the first episode of severe viral respiratory infection in infants can be subset into clinical phenotypes with distinct outcomes and underlying airway disease patterns. Methods: We included children (≤2 years old) hospitalized for the first time due to PCR-confirmed viral respiratory infection. All cases were categorized based on primary manifestations (wheezing, sub-costal retractions and hypoxemia) into mild, hypoxemia or wheezing phenotypes. We characterized these phenotypes using lung-X-rays, respiratory outcomes and nasal protein levels of antiviral and type 2 cytokines (IFNγ, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1β, and TNFα). Results: A total of 50 young children comprising viral respiratory infection cases (n = 41) and uninfected controls (n = 9) were included. We found that 22% of viral respiratory infection cases were classified as mild (n = 9), 39% as hypoxemia phenotype (n = 16) and 39% as wheezing phenotype (n = 16). Individuals in the hypoxemia phenotype had more lung opacities, higher probability of PICU admission and prolonged hospitalizations. Subjects in the wheezing phenotype had higher probability of recurrent sick visits. Nasal cytokine profiles showed that individuals with recurrent sick visits in the wheezing phenotype had increased nasal airway levels of type 2 cytokines (IL-13/IL-4). Conclusion: Clinically-based classification of the first episode of severe viral respiratory infection into mild, hypoxemia or wheezing phenotypes provides critical information about respiratory outcomes, lung disease patterns and underlying airway immunobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arroyo
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Center for Genetic Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Center for Genetic Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Center for Genetic Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Carlos E. Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria J. Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Center for Genetic Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salka K, Arroyo M, Naime S, Chorvinsky E, Gutierrez MJ, Pillai DK, Perez GF, Nino G. TSLP Production in the Human Infant Airway Epithelium and Clinical Relevance during Viral Respiratory Infections. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:115-117. [PMID: 31891308 PMCID: PMC6938137 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0248le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Salka
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | - Maria Arroyo
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | - Samira Naime
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | | | - Dinesh K. Pillai
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Children’s National Health SystemWashington, DC
- George Washington UniversityWashington, DCand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhuvanendran S, Salka K, Rainey K, Sreetama SC, Williams E, Leeker M, Prasad V, Boyd J, Patterson GH, Jaiswal JK, Colberg-Poley AM. Superresolution imaging of human cytomegalovirus vMIA localization in sub-mitochondrial compartments. Viruses 2014; 6:1612-36. [PMID: 24721787 PMCID: PMC4014713 DOI: 10.3390/v6041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) protein, traffics to mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). vMIA association with the MAM has not been visualized by imaging. Here, we have visualized this by using a combination of confocal and superresolution imaging. Deconvolution of confocal microscopy images shows vMIA localizes away from mitochondrial matrix at the Mitochondria-ER interface. By gated stimulated emission depletion (GSTED) imaging, we show that along this interface vMIA is distributed in clusters. Through multicolor, multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM), we find vMIA clusters localize away from MitoTracker Red, indicating its OMM localization. GSTED and MSIM imaging show vMIA exists in clusters of ~100–150 nm, which is consistent with the cluster size determined by Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM). With these diverse superresolution approaches, we have imaged the clustered distribution of vMIA at the OMM adjacent to the ER. Our findings directly compare the relative advantages of each of these superresolution imaging modalities for imaging components of the MAM and sub-mitochondrial compartments. These studies establish the ability of superresolution imaging to provide valuable insight into viral protein location, particularly in the sub-mitochondrial compartments, and into their clustered organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad Bhuvanendran
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Kyle Salka
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Kristin Rainey
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sen Chandra Sreetama
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Margretha Leeker
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Vidhya Prasad
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Life Science Division, Leica Microsystems, Inc., 1700 Leider Lane, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA.
| | - George H Patterson
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Anamaris M Colberg-Poley
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|