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Kohan A, Hinzpeter R, Kulanthaivelu R, Mirshahvalad SA, Avery L, Tsao M, Li Q, Ortega C, Metser U, Hope A, Veit-Haibach P. Contrast Enhanced CT Radiogenomics in a Retrospective NSCLC Cohort: Models, Attempted Validation of a Published Model and the Relevance of the Clinical Context. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00053-9. [PMID: 38383258 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE To develop a radiogenomic predictive model for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients studied through contrast enhanced chest computed tomography (CE-CT) targeting the most frequent gene alterations. M&M: A retrospective study of patients with NSCLC imaged with CE-CT before treatment and had their tumor genomics sequenced at our institution was performed. Data was gathered from their imaging studies, their electronic medical records and a web-based database search (cBioPortal.ca). All of the patient data was tabulated for analysis. Two predictive models (M1 & M2) were created using different approaches and a third model was extracted from the literature to also be tested in our population. RESULTS Out of 157 patients, eighty were male (51%) and 124 (79%) had a history of smoking. The three most prevalent genes were KRAS, TP53 and EGFR. The M1 radiomics-only model median AUC were 0.61 (TP53), 0.53 (KRAS) and 0.64 (EGFR) and for M1 radiomics + clinical were 0.61 (TP53), 0.61 (KRAS) and 0.80 (EGFR). The M2 radiomics-only model median AUC were 0.63 (TP53), 0.60 (KRAS) and 0.65 (EGFR) and for M2 radiomics + clinical were 0.64 (TP53), 0.62 (KRAS) and 0.81 (EGFR). The external EGFR radiomic model showed an AUC of 0.69 and 0.86 for the radiomics-only and combined radiomics + clinical respectively. CONCLUSION Our study was able to provide robust predictive radiomics model evaluation for the detection of TP53, KRAS and EGFR. We also compared our performance with an already published model and observed how impactful clinical variables can be on models' performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Identifying tumor mutations in patients that can't undergo biopsy is critical for their outcomes. KEYPOINTS • Tumor genomic profiling is critical for treatment selection • CE-CT radiomics produce robust predictive models comparable to those already published • Clinical variables should be considered/included in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kohan
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
| | - R Hinzpeter
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Kulanthaivelu
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - S A Mirshahvalad
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - L Avery
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - M Tsao
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Q Li
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Ortega
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - U Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - A Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Veit-Haibach
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
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Cooper M, Flynn D, Avery L, Ashley K, Jordan C, Errington L, Scott J. Service user perspectives on social prescribing services for mental health in the UK: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:135-144. [PMID: 37232248 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231170786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To thematically synthesise adult service users' perspectives on how UK-based social prescribing services support them with their mental health management. METHODS Nine databases were systematically searched up to March 2022. Eligible studies were qualitative or mixed methods studies involving participants aged ⩾ 18 years accessing social prescribing services primarily for mental health reasons. Thematic synthesis was applied to qualitative data to create descriptive and analytical themes. RESULTS 51,965 articles were identified from electronic searches. Six studies were included in the review (n = 220 participants) with good methodological quality. Five studies utilised a link worker referral model, and one study a direct referral model. Modal reasons for referral were social isolation and/or loneliness (n = 4 studies). Two analytical themes were formulated from seven descriptive themes: (1) person-centred care was key to delivery and (2) creating an environment for personal change and development. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a synthesis of the qualitative evidence on service users' experiences of accessing and using social prescribing services to support their mental health management. Adherence to principles of person-centred care and addressing the holistic needs of service users (including devoting attention to the quality of the therapeutic environment) are important for design and delivery of social prescribing services. This will optimise service user satisfaction and other outcomes that matter to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cooper
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK
| | - D Flynn
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Avery
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - K Ashley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - C Jordan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - L Errington
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Durrand J, Livingston R, Tew G, Gillis C, Yates D, Gray J, Greaves C, Moore J, O’Doherty AF, Doherty P, Danjoux G, Avery L. Systematic development and feasibility testing of a multibehavioural digital prehabilitation intervention for patients approaching major surgery (iPREPWELL): A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277143. [PMID: 36574417 PMCID: PMC9794053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving outcomes for people undergoing major surgery, specifically reducing perioperative morbidity and mortality remains a global health challenge. Prehabilitation involves the active preparation of patients prior to surgery, including support to tackle risk behaviours that mediate and undermine physical and mental health and wellbeing. The majority of prehabilitation interventions are delivered in person, however many patients express a preference for remotely-delivered interventions that provide them with tailored support and the flexibility. Digital prehabilitation interventions offer scalability and have the potential to benefit perioperative healthcare systems, however there is a lack of robustly developed and evaluated digital programmes for use in routine clinical care. We aim to systematically develop and test the feasibility of an evidence and theory-informed multibehavioural digital prehabilitation intervention 'iPREPWELL' designed to prepare patients for major surgery. The intervention will be developed with reference to the Behaviour Change Wheel, COM-B model, and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Codesign methodology will be used to develop a patient intervention and accompanying training intervention for healthcare professionals. Training will be designed to enable healthcare professionals to promote, support and facilitate delivery of the intervention as part of routine clinical care. Patients preparing for major surgery and healthcare professionals involved with their clinical care from two UK National Health Service centres will be recruited to stage 1 (systematic development) and stage 2 (feasibility testing of the intervention). Participants recruited at stage 1 will be asked to complete a COM-B questionnaire and to take part in a qualitative interview study and co-design workshops. Participants recruited at stage 2 (up to twenty healthcare professionals and forty participants) will be asked to take part in a single group intervention study where the primary outcomes will include feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of intervention delivery, receipt, and enactment. Healthcare professionals will be trained to promote and support use of the intervention by patients, and the training intervention will be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The multifaceted and systematically developed intervention will be the first of its kind and will provide a foundation for further refinement prior to formal efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Durrand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JD); (LA)
| | - R. Livingston
- Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - G. Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C. Gillis
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - D. Yates
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
- North Yorkshire Academic Alliance of Perioperative Medicine, England
| | - J. Gray
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C. Greaves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J. Moore
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. F. O’Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - P. Doherty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - G. Danjoux
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- North Yorkshire Academic Alliance of Perioperative Medicine, England
| | - L. Avery
- Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JD); (LA)
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Sanz Garcia E, Laliotis G, Avery L, Spreafico A, Hansen A, Eng L, Singaravalan N, Willingham S, Liu M, Soleimani S, Pugh T, Bratman S, Siu L. 9P Early circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) kinetics and gene expression analysis to predict treatment outcomes with anti-PD-1 therapy. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Krishnan S, Niemcyzk G, Parr C, Liu Y, Nguyen T, Avery L, Ducas J, Liu S. IDENTIFYING SOCIAL FACTORS THAT MAY LIMIT EARLY DISCHARGE IN LOW-RISK ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Marshall K, Memon H, Czaplinski E, Grierson R, Avery L, Ducas J, Liu S. EARLY SUCCESS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE PRE-HOSPITAL DELAYS IN PATIENTS WITH POSSIBLE ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Perrault Sullivan G, Guédou F, Tounkara F, Béhanzin L, Camara N, Aza-Gnandji M, Dembele BK, Thera I, Avery L, Alary M. 406 - L'intention d'avoir une grossesse influence-t-elle son occurrence chez les femmes travailleuses du sexe de l'Afrique de l'ouest ? Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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McMullen M, Avery L, Zou J, Zhao Z, Tesfu A, Dhani N, Oza A, Kathy H, Bratman S, Lheureux S. 788P Circulating human papillomavirus DNA as a biomarker of response in advanced cervical cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Parr C, Avery L, Hiebert B, Minhas K, Ducas J. ZWOLLE RISK SCORE GUIDED TRIAGE FOR ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH EITHER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OR THROMBOLYSIS IS SAFE. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chmelo J, Phillips AW, Greystoke A, Charman SJ, Avery L, Hallsworth K, Welford J, Sinclair RCF. A feasibility study to investigate the utility of a home-based exercise intervention during and after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oesophago-gastric cancer-the ChemoFit study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:50. [PMID: 32346484 PMCID: PMC7181593 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of locally advanced oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma usually entails neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery. Surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary reserve of patients having major surgery is related to postoperative outcomes. Complications are associated with poorer quality of life and may affect prognosis. Preventing complications may be beneficial to both of these and have cost implications. Prehabilitation may improve recovery from surgery by increasing a patients’ fitness before surgery. Designing a potentially cost and resource effective regimen which improves cardiopulmonary reserve may have a beneficial impact on patient outcomes after surgery. Methods The ChemoFit study is a non-randomised, single-arm and single-centre pilot study designed to investigate the feasibility of a home-based prehabilitation exercise intervention for patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment prior to oesophago-gastric surgery. Forty patients will be recruited at a single high-volume centre. The simple, home-based exercise intervention involves patients increasing their daily step-count during and after NAC and in the weeks leading up to surgical resection of the cancer. Additionally, quality of life assessments (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25), oncological treatment delivery and participant perceptions of the study assessed by focus groups and questionnaires will be performed. The primary outcomes are to assess feasibility of the exercise intervention. The secondary outcomes will evaluate changes in cardiopulmonary reserve, sarcopenia and fat composition. Discussion It is anticipated that during an important teachable moment, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, our patients will be open to the possibility of improving their fitness during chemotherapy and before major cancer surgery. It is possible that the negative impact of NAC on cardiopulmonary fitness could be prevented by implementing a home-based prehabilitation programme during and after NAC, prior to surgery for oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma. Trial registration This study has been approved by the Health Research Authority (REC 18/WA/0427). Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (NUTH) will act as the study sponsor and the work is funded by a grant awarded by The Jon Moulton Charitable Foundation, supported by a research post funded by the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04194463. Registered 11th December 2019—retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04194463.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chmelo
- 1Northern Oesophago-gastric unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,2Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A W Phillips
- 1Northern Oesophago-gastric unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,3School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Greystoke
- 2Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,4Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S J Charman
- 5Cardiovascular Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,6Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Avery
- 7Centre for Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport Science, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - K Hallsworth
- 8The Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,9Hepatology Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Welford
- 4Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R C F Sinclair
- 10Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Stephens E, Avery L, Mymin D, Derkatch R, Katz P, Nguyen T, Junaid A, Singh R. NURSING ROLE AND SUPPORT IN ASSIMILATING PCSK9 INHIBITORS INTO LIPID THERAPY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Liu S, Lau L, Nepomuceno R, Leon S, Ducas-Mowchun K, Toleva O, Allen D, Avery L, Fransoo R, Ducas J. STENT AND SHIP: SAFETY OF EARLY TRANSFER AFTER PCI OF STEMI PATIENTS FROM A SINGLE, REGIONAL CARDIAC CARE CENTRE. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Avery L, Throndson K, Estrella-Holder E, Rapko S, Kent D, Fitch D. What Are Patients to Do? Early Activity Progression Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Anaby D, Law M, Coster W, Bedell G, Khetani M, Avery L, Teplicky R. ISDN2014_0182: The role of the environment in explaining participation in the home, school and community: Results of a structural equation modelling. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Law
- McMaster UniversityCanada
| | - W. Coster
- Sargent College of Rehabilitation SciencesCanada
| | | | | | - L. Avery
- Avery Information Services LtdCanada
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Avery L, Estrella-Holder E, Fitch D. WATERPIPE SMOKING: WHAT IS THE HUBBLE BUBBLE? Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Avery L, Flynn D, Dombrowski SU, van Wersch A, Sniehotta FF, Trenell MI. Successful behavioural strategies to increase physical activity and improve glucose control in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1058-62. [PMID: 25764343 PMCID: PMC6680111 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore which behaviour change techniques and other intervention features are associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved HbA1c in adults with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Moderator analyses were performed on a dataset of 21 behaviour change techniques and six intervention features identified in a systematic review of behavioural interventions (N = 1975 patients with Type 2 diabetes) to establish their associations with changes in physical activity and HbA1c . RESULTS Four behaviour change techniques (prompt focus on past success, barrier identification/problem-solving, use of follow-up prompts and provide information on where and when to perform physical activity) had statistically significant associations with increased levels of physical activity. Prompt review of behavioural goals and provide information on where and when to perform physical activity behaviour had statistically significant associations with improved HbA1c . Pedometer use was associated with decreased levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that clinical care teams can optimise their consultations by incorporating specific behaviour change techniques that are associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved long-term glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Avery
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Flynn
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S U Dombrowski
- School of Natural Sciences, Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - A van Wersch
- School of Social Sciences and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - F F Sniehotta
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - M I Trenell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Ramesh B, Ghosh AK, Prakash V, Sharma M, Rajaram S, Kar A, Gaikwad A, Pradhan NK, Krishnamurthy J, Crockett M, Avery L, Moses S, Blanchard J. Facility mapping: A tool for effective planning for MNCH services. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Humphries B, Coupland K, Avery L, Poettcker D. SAME DAY DISCHARGE (SDD) FOR LOW RISK ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Poettcker D, Coupland K, Avery L, Vo M. Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Stenting the Proverbial Mountain. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Avery L, Ludwig S, Shaikh N, Minhas K, Rand CE, Throndson K, Kuttnig C, Vo M, Warner T, Friesen M, Tam J. Integrating Canadian Diabetes Standards into the Care of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Doern-White N, Stephens E, Nguyen T, Avery L. Hearty Barley: Lipid lowering effects of barley beta-glucan. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Throndson K, Avery L, Duhamel T, Coupland K, Kuttnig C, Nguyen T, Hussain F, Zalnasky J, Mamchuk A. Cardiovascular Care Poverty: Where Do Individuals With Non-Occlusive Cardiac Disease Go? Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Tounkara FK, Guédou F, Ahoussinou C, Zannou DM, Kpatchavi A, Kintin FD, Avery L, Bédard E, Bitera R, Alary M. P3.110 Relationship Between Violence and HIV Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Benin. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jayanna K, Ramesh, Bhowmik A, Thomas A, Mony P, Shankar K, Schurmann A, Moses S, Avery L, Blanchard J. O338 MANAGEMENT OF ECLAMPSIA AND POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF CARE IN NORTHERN KARNATAKA, INDIA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Avery L, Sawatzky J. N013 Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs): Optimizing Care for the Caregiver. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Estrella-Holder E, Grant R, Perez FC, Avery L, Vaags-Olafson R, Malik A, Zieroth S, Luchik D. NP016 Automatic Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral: A Strategy for Meeting the National Guidelines and Needs of Heart Failure Patients. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kuttnig C, Nazarevich I, Avery L, Estrella-Holder E, Bowles S. NP027 Supporting Cardiac Sciences Nurses Through Nursing Leadership Council. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Schnell-Hoehn K, Estrella-Holder E, Avery L. N028 Cardiac Nurses' Knowledge of Palliative Care at a Tertiary Care Facility. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bernstein MT, Graff LA, Targownik LE, Downing K, Shafer LA, Rawsthorne P, Bernstein CN, Avery L. Gastrointestinal symptoms before and during menses in women with IBD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:135-44. [PMID: 22621660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have heightened symptoms around their menses. However, there is little information regarding normative changes and which symptoms emerge in relation to menses. AIM To determine the relationship between gastrointestinal and other symptoms and menses in a population-based cohort of women with IBD vs. healthy women. METHODS Women enrolled in the University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry who were between 18 and 65 years were mailed a survey. A control group of adult women were recruited through out-patient gynaecology clinics. Participants were asked to consider their menstrual periods in the recent several months and report on symptoms 1-5 days prior to and during the days of their menses. RESULTS There were 151 premenopausal women with Crohn's disease (CD), 87 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 156 premenopausal controls. Mean age of menses onset was similar in all three cohorts and the percentage in each group with regular menstrual periods was similar. Premenstrually, abdominal pain was less commonly reported in UC (36.8%) than CD (51%, P = 0.034) and controls (57.6%, P = 0.002). Premenstrually, and during menses diarrhoea was more commonly reported in CD (47.7% and 59.6% respectively) than UC (26.4% P = 0.001 and 42.5%, P = 0.01 respectively) and controls (24.4%, P < 0.0001 and 28.2%, P < 0.0001 respectively). Premenstrually, women with CD (46%) vs. UC (26%) were more likely to report worsening of their IBD symptoms (P = 0.0007), but there was no difference between CD (47%) and UC (39%) for reporting worsening during menses (P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy women, women with IBD had similar symptom experiences premenstrually, except that those with CD were more likely to have increased diarrhoea premenstrually. During menses, women with CD or UC were more likely to experience diarrhoea than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bernstein
- The University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Becker ML, Mishra S, Satyanarayana, Gurav K, Doshi M, Buzdugan R, Pise G, Halli S, Moses S, Avery L, Washington RG, Blanchard JF. Rates and determinants of HIV-attributable mortality among rural female sex workers in Northern Karnataka, India. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:36-40. [PMID: 22362685 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2011.011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) have among the highest rates of HIV infection in India. However, little is known about their HIV-specific mortality rates. In total, 1561 FSWs participated in a cohort study in Karnataka. Outcome data (mortality) were available on 1559 women after 15 months of follow-up. To gather details on deaths, verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaires were administered to key informants. Two physicians reviewed the VA reports and assigned underlying causes of death. Forty-seven deaths were reported during the follow-up (overall mortality rate was 2.44 per 100 person-years), with VA data available on 45 women. Thirty-five (75.6%) of these women were known to be HIV-positive, but only 42.5% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Forty deaths were assessed to be HIV-related, for an HIV-attributable mortality rate of 2.11 deaths per 100 person-years. Absence of a current regular partner (incidence rate ratio: 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-5.60) and older age (1.06; 1.01-1.11) were associated with increased HIV-attributable mortality. Reported duration in sex work was not related to HIV-attributable mortality. We found a high HIV-related mortality rate among this cohort of FSWs; nearly 10 times that of national mortality rates among women of a similar age group. Older age, but not reported duration in sex work, was associated with increased mortality, and suggests HIV acquisition prior to self-reported initiation into sex work. Despite significant efforts, there remain considerable gaps in HIV prevention near or before entry into sex work, as well as access and uptake of HIV treatment among FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Becker
- Centre for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Simon L, Avery L, Braden TD, Williams CS, Okumu LA, Williams JW, Goyal HO. Exposure of neonatal rats to anti-androgens induces penile mal-developments and infertility comparable to those induced by oestrogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:364-76. [PMID: 22150386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that oestrogen exposure in neonatal rats induced permanent infertility and malformed penis characterized by fat accumulation, which replaced most of the smooth muscle cells and cavernous spaces in the body of the penis, structures essential for erection. The objective of this study was to determine if reduced androgen production/action in the neonatal period, in the absence of exogenous oestrogen exposure, induces penile deformities similar to those caused by oestrogen. Male rats were treated from postnatal days 1-6 with GnRH antagonist antide (A, 10 mg/kg) or androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide (F, 50 mg/kg) or F + A, with or without AR agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 20 mg/kg). For comparison, pups received diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.1 mg/kg), with or without DHT. Tissues were collected at ages 7 and 12 days and at adulthood. Flutamide alone decreased penile length and weight significantly (p < 0.05), but it caused neither fat accumulation, nor affected fertility (80% vs. 87% in controls). Antide alone reduced penile length and weight significantly, and induced fat accumulation in 4/11 rats and infertility in 13/14 rats. Conversely, all 11 F + A-treated rats, similar to all nine DES-treated rats, had fat accumulation and loss of smooth muscle cells and cavernous spaces in the body of the penis and were infertile. In addition, reductions in penile length and weight were higher than in rats treated with F or A alone. DHT co-administration mitigated penile deformities in the DES group, but did not in the F + A group. Testicular testosterone was reduced by 70-95% at 7 or 12 days of age in all treated groups, except in the F group, which had threefold higher testosterone than controls. Collectively, data unequivocally show that reduced androgen production/action in the neonatal period, in the absence of oestrogen exposure, induces permanent infertility and malformed penis similar to that caused by oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Simon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
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Estrella-Holder E, Avery L, Malik A. N063 Isolated ventricular non-compaction: A rare form of cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Avery L, Estrella-Holder E, Deckert C, Boreskie S, Luchik D, Lake D, Vaags-Olafson R, Schnell-Hoehn K. NP007 The role of cardiac sciences' clinical nurse specialists in the referral of cardiac patients to a local cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP). Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
To test genetic recombination in the vicinity of insertions of the transposon Tn5, crosses were performed by transduction between M. xanthus strains carrying different insertions of Tn5. One member of each pair carried resistance to kanamycin (Tn5-Km); the other carried resistance to tetracycline (Tn5-Tc). The distance between each pair of Tn5 insertions was also measured by restriction mapping. The physical distance corresponding to each recombination frequency was calculated from the transductional linkage and compared with distance on the restriction map. A good correspondence between the two measures of distance was obtained for a pair of Tn5 insertions near the cglB locus and for another pair near the mgl locus. Correspondence between the two measurements of distance, the observed allelic behavior of Tn5-Km and Tn5 -Tc at the same locus and the finding of the same frequencies of recombinants in reciprocal crosses implied that recombination in the vicinity of Tn 5 was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sodergren
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Liu S, Butler D, Memon FA, Makropoulos C, Avery L, Jefferson B. Impacts of residence time during storage on potential of water saving for grey water recycling system. Water Res 2010; 44:267-277. [PMID: 19796787 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grey water recycling has been generally accepted and is about to move into practice in terms of sustainable development. Previous research has revealed the bacteria re-growth in grey water and reclaimed municipal water during storage. However, in most present grey water recycling practices, impacts of water quality changes during storage on the system's performance and design regulation have not been addressed. In this paper, performance of a constructed wetland based grey water recycling system was analysed by taking the constraint of residence time during storage into account using an object based household water cycle model. Two indicators, water saving efficiency (WSE) and residence time index (RTI), are employed to reflect the system's performance and residence time during storage respectively. Results show that WSE and RTI change with storage tank volumes oppositely. As both high WSE and RTI cannot be achieved simultaneously, it is concluded that in order to achieve the most cost-effective and safe solution, systems with both small grey and green tanks are needed, whilst accepting that only relatively modest water saving efficiency targets can be achieved. Higher efficiencies will only be practicable if water quality deterioration in the green water tank can be prevented by some means (e.g. disinfection).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Brown T, Avenell A, Edmunds LD, Moore H, Whittaker V, Avery L, Summerbell C. Systematic review of long-term lifestyle interventions to prevent weight gain and morbidity in adults. Obes Rev 2009; 10:627-38. [PMID: 19754634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to determine the effectiveness of long-term lifestyle interventions for the prevention of weight gain and morbidity in adults. Prevention of weight gain is important in adults who are of normal weight, overweight and obese. A systematic review of controlled trials of lifestyle interventions in adults with a body mass index of less than 35 kg m(-2) with at least 2 years of follow-up was carried out. Eleven of 39 comparisons produced significant improvement in weight between groups at 2 years or longer with mean difference weight change ranging from -0.5 to -11.5 kg. Effective interventions included a 600 kcal/day deficit diet deficit/low-fat diet (with and without meal replacements), low-calorie diet, Weight Watchers diet, low-fat non-reducing diet, diet with behaviour therapy, diet with exercise, diet with exercise and behaviour therapy. Adding meal replacements to a low-fat diet (with and without exercise and behaviour therapy) produced significant improvement in weight. Head-to-head interventions failed to show significant effect on weight with the exception of a Mediterranean diet with behaviour therapy compared with low-fat diet. Diet with exercise and/or behaviour therapy demonstrated significant reduction in hypertension and improvement in risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes compared with no treatment control. Lifestyle interventions demonstrated significant improvement in weight, reduction in hypertension and reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brown
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acceptance of sexual and reproductive health as fundamental to the sustainable development of societies has allowed for creation of new reproductive health programmes and policies. WHO sexual and reproductive health (SRH) strategies were developed in the WHO Regional Office for Europe (2001), as well as globally (2004). Adolescent SRH is important in both strategies. Despite these commitments, adolescents remain vulnerable to poor reproductive health. The goal of this paper is to analyse the current status of SRH of adolescents in Europe. METHODS Key reproductive health indicators were chosen. Information was obtained from published studies, databases and questionnaires sent to WHO reproductive health counterparts within the health ministries in the Member States of the WHO European Region. RESULTS Pregnancy rate, age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive use at first and last intercourse, contraceptive prevalence, HIV knowledge, and STI rates vary widely according to the population considered. Gender difference and lack of information pertaining to SRH of all adolescent populations are other key findings. CONCLUSIONS While the SRH of most European adolescents is good, they remain a vulnerable population. Lack of standardized reproductive indicators and age specific aggregate data make it difficult to accurately assess the situation in individual countries or perform cross country comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Avery
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Memon FA, Zheng Z, Butler D, Shirley-Smith C, Lui S, Makropoulos C, Avery L. Life cycle impact assessment of greywater recycling technologies for new developments. Environ Monit Assess 2007; 129:27-35. [PMID: 17242974 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2005] [Revised: 01/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of four treatment technologies currently under investigation for recycling the greywater generated from households and describes the development of a new LCIA tool set produced in this study. The technologies investigated include reed beds, membrane bioreactors (MBR); membrane chemical reactors (MCR) and an innovative green roof water recycling system (GROW). The materials and energy required for the construction and operation phases of these technologies have been quantified for 20 development scales. All of the information gathered is used to prepare life cycle inventories for each technology. The inventories have been used as an input to Simapro Software for performing LCIA. Two assessment methods (CML-2 and Eco-indc-99) have been employed. For the CML method, the results were processed to express the environmental performance in ten impact categories including climate change/global warming, depletion of abiotic resources, acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity. For the Eco-indc-99 method, results are shown in three generic environmental indicators: human health, eco system and natural resources. LCIA results obtained for 20 development scales have been used to develop a tool set using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system technique. The study results indicate that the technologies based on natural treatment processes (GROW and reed beds) have low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Memon
- Centre for Water Systems, School of Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct an exploratory study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a time-limited psychotherapy group model to decrease traumatic symptoms among adolescent survivors of homicide victims. METHOD Forty-five inner-city adolescents between the ages of 11 and 19 years participated in community-based, time-limited therapy groups that were specifically designed for youths who had a loved one die because of violence. The therapy groups were based on a 10-week treatment model for adolescent survivors of homicide victims with the goals of providing grief education, facilitating thoughts and feelings about grief, and reducing traumatic symptoms. RESULTS On completion of group therapy, the adolescent participants reported an overall significant decrease in traumatic symptoms on an index of posttraumatic stress, especially in the areas of reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms. The mean difference between pre- and posttest was a 10.03 decrease in the sum of the Child PTSD Reaction Index scores (sig = .001). CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study indicate that group therapy may be helpful in reducing PTSD symptoms among inner-city, African-American adolescent survivors of homicide victims. Although validity is limited by the lack of a comparison group, the authors suggest that such a brief trauma/grief psychotherapy group may be applicable for suburban and rural adolescent survivors of homicide victims as well. .
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salloum
- Project LAST, Childrens Bureau of New Orleans, Inc. Baw Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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41
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Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, was shown to be involved in the response to various stresses in cultured cells. However, there is little in vivo evidence indicating a role for a JNK pathway in the stress response of an organism. We identified the Caenorhabditis elegans mek-1 gene, which encodes a 347 amino acid protein highly homologous to mammalian MKK7, an activator of JNK. Mek-1 reporter fusion proteins are expressed in pharyngeal muscle, uterus, a portion of intestine, and neurons. A mek-1 deletion mutant is hypersensitive to copper and cadmium ions and to starvation. A wild-type mek-1 transgene rescued the hypersensitivity to the metal ions. Double mutants of mek-1 with an eat-5, eat-11 or eat-18 mutation, which are characterized by a limited feeding defect, showed distinct growth defects under normal conditions. Expression of an activated form of MEK-1 in the whole animal or specifically in the pharynx inhibited pharyngeal pumping. These results suggest a role for mek-1 in stress responses, with a focus in the pharynx and/or intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Abstract
AIMS To assess knowledge about oral hypoglycaemic agents amongst patients with diabetes and non-specialist healthcare professionals. METHOD An anonymous questionnaire was used in two centres to assess knowledge about oral agents amongst 261 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 64 years) and 102 health professionals (including doctors, nurses and pharmacists). RESULTS Only 15% of patients knew the correct mechanism of action of their medication and 62% took tablets correctly in relation to food. Only 10% of those taking a sulphonylurea knew it may cause hypoglycaemia and 20% of those taking metformin were aware of its gastrointestinal side-effects. Twenty per cent forgot to take their tablets at least once a week and 5% omitted tablets because of hyperglycaemia. Only 35% of patients recalled receiving advice about their medication with only 1% receiving written advice. The healthcare professionals showed important gaps in their knowledge on dosage timing and mechanism of action, particularly with respect to metformin and acarbose. CONCLUSION It is concluded that patients' and professionals' knowledge of oral hypoglycaemic agents is poor. More appropriate advice and information to patients from prescribers may improve patient understanding and hence compliance. Community pharmacists are ideally placed to reinforce this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Browne
- Bournemouth Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, UK
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Abstract
The ability of organisms to evolve resistance threatens the effectiveness of every antibiotic drug. We show that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, simultaneous mutation of three genes, avr-14, avr-15, and glc-1, encoding glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) alpha-type subunits confers high-level resistance to the antiparasitic drug ivermectin. In contrast, mutating any two channel genes confers modest or no resistance. We propose a model in which ivermectin sensitivity in C. elegans is mediated by genes affecting parallel genetic pathways defined by the family of GluCl genes. The sensitivity of these pathways is further modulated by unc-7, unc-9, and the Dyf (dye filling defective) genes, which alter the structure of the nervous system. Our results suggest that the evolution of drug resistance can be slowed by targeting antibiotic drugs to several members of a multigene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Dent
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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Fleischhauer R, Davis MW, Dzhura I, Neely A, Avery L, Joho RH. Ultrafast inactivation causes inward rectification in a voltage-gated K(+) channel from Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2000; 20:511-20. [PMID: 10632580 PMCID: PMC4442482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The exp-2 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans influences the shape and duration of the action potential of pharyngeal muscle cells. Several loss-of-function mutations in exp-2 lead to broadening of the action potential and to a concomitant slowing of the pumping action of the pharynx. In contrast, a gain-of-function mutation leads to narrow action potentials and shallow pumping. We cloned and functionally characterized the exp-2 gene. The exp-2 gene is homologous to genes of the family of voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv type). The Xenopus oocyte-expressed EXP-2 channel, although structurally closely related to Kv-type channels, is functionally distinct and very similar to the human ether-à-gogo-related gene (HERG) K(+) channel. In response to depolarization, EXP-2 activates slowly and inactivates very rapidly. On repolarization, recovery from inactivation is also rapid and strongly voltage-dependent. These kinetic properties make the Kv-type EXP-2 channel an inward rectifier that resembles the structurally unrelated HERG channel. Apart from many similarities to HERG, however, the molecular mechanism of fast inactivation appears to be different. Moreover, the single-channel conductance is 5- to 10-fold larger than that of HERG and most Kv-type K(+) channels. It appears that the inward rectification mechanism by rapid inactivation has evolved independently in two distinct classes of structurally unrelated, voltage-gated K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fleischhauer
- Center for Basic Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
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45
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Abstract
The nematode pharynx has a potassium channel with unusual properties, which allows the muscles to repolarize quickly and with the proper delay. Here, the Caenorhabditis elegans exp-2 gene is shown to encode this channel. EXP-2 is a Kv-type (voltage-activated) potassium channel that has inward-rectifying properties resembling those of the structurally dissimilar human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) channel. Null and gain-of-function mutations affect pharyngeal muscle excitability in ways that are consistent with the electrophysiological behavior of the channel, and thereby demonstrate a direct link between the kinetics of this unusual channel and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Davis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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Pratt CB, Rao BN, Merchant TE, Shah A, Avery L, Cain A, Bodner S, Poquette C, Tan M. Treatment of colorectal carcinoma in adolescents and young adults with surgery, 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/interferon-alpha 2a and radiation therapy. Med Pediatr Oncol 1999; 32:459-60. [PMID: 10358711 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199906)32:6<459::aid-mpo17>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Pratt
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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Lee RY, Sawin ER, Chalfie M, Horvitz HR, Avery L. EAT-4, a homolog of a mammalian sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, is necessary for glutamatergic neurotransmission in caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 1999; 19:159-67. [PMID: 9870947 PMCID: PMC3759158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/1998] [Revised: 10/14/1998] [Accepted: 10/15/1998] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans gene eat-4 affects multiple glutamatergic neurotransmission pathways. We find that eat-4 encodes a protein similar in sequence to a mammalian brain-specific sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter I (BNPI). Like BNPI in the rat CNS, eat-4 is expressed predominantly in a specific subset of neurons, including several proposed to be glutamatergic. Loss-of-function mutations in eat-4 cause defective glutamatergic chemical transmission but appear to have little effect on other functions of neurons. Our data suggest that phosphate ions imported into glutamatergic neurons through transporters such as EAT-4 and BNPI are required specifically for glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9148, USA
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Abstract
Large numbers of the population have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Nurses must, therefore, be able to understand the rationale for treatment. Here, the author reviews diagnosis, monitoring and the importance of continuing education for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Avery
- Diabetes Centre, Royal West Sussex Trust, Chichester, West Sussex
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50
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Thompson J, Pratt CB, Stewart CF, Avery L, Bowman L, Zamboni WC, Pappo A. Phase I study of DMP 840 in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 1998; 16:45-9. [PMID: 9740543 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006014510078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The bis-naphthalimide DMP 840 has demonstrated high level antitumor activity in a number of preclinical models and has been evaluated in several Phase I studies in adults. We enrolled 10 patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors to this Phase I study of DMP 840 given intravenously by short infusion daily for 5 days. The most frequent and dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. The maximum tolerated dose on this schedule was 8.6 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. One patient had a complete response; there were no measurable tumor responses among the remaining 9 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thompson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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