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Hull JC, Bloch EM, Ingram C, Crookes R, Vaughan J, Courtney L, Jauregui A, Hilton JF, Murphy EL. Slower response to treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnant women infected with HIV: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2021; 128:1674-1681. [PMID: 33587784 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antenatal anaemia is associated with increased peripartum transfusion requirement in South Africa. We studied whether HIV was associated with the response to treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Hospital-based antenatal anaemia clinic in South Africa. SAMPLE Equal-sized cohorts of pregnant women testing positive for HIV (HIV+) and testing negative for HIV (HIV-) with iron-deficiency anaemia. METHODS Haemoglobin trajectories of women with confirmed iron-deficiency anaemia (ferritin < 50 ng/ml) were estimated from the initiation of iron supplementation using mixed-effects modelling, adjusted for baseline HIV status, ferritin level, maternal and gestational ages and time-varying iron supplementation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Haemoglobin trajectories. RESULTS Of 469 women enrolled, 51% were HIV+, 90% of whom were on antiretroviral therapy (with a mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of 403 cells/mm3 ). Anaemia diagnoses did not differ by HIV status. A total of 400 women with iron-deficiency anaemia were followed during treatment with oral or intravenous (6%) iron therapy. In multivariable analysis, haemoglobin recovery was 0.10 g/dl per week slower on average in women who were HIV+ versus women who were HIV- (P = 0.001), 0.01 g/dl per week slower in women with higher baseline ferritin (P < 0.001) and 0.06 g/dl per week faster in women who were compliant with oral iron therapy (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Compared with women who were HIV-, women who were HIV+ with iron-deficiency anaemia had slower but successful haemoglobin recovery with iron therapy. Earlier effective management of iron deficiency could reduce the incidence of peripartum blood transfusion. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Among pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia in South Africa, HIV slows haemoglobin recovery in response to oral iron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hull
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E M Bloch
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - C Ingram
- National Bone Marrow Registry, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Crookes
- Cryo-Save Inc., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Vaughan
- National Health Laboratory Services, CH Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - A Jauregui
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J F Hilton
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E L Murphy
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute (VRI), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tao J, Liu J, Tu Y, Hu K, Tu Y, Lin M, Guanli X, Shanjia C, Jia H, Weilin L, Jinsong W, Tianshen X, Courtney L, Joel P, Lidian C, Jian K. Different types of exercise relieve pain symptoms of knee osteoarthritis by modulating the cognitive control network. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gashi B, Edwards M, Sermon P, Courtney L, Harrison D, Xu Y. Measurement of 9mm cartridge case external temperatures and its forensic application. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 200:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McClelland M, Sanderson KE, Spieth J, Clifton SW, Latreille P, Courtney L, Porwollik S, Ali J, Dante M, Du F, Hou S, Layman D, Leonard S, Nguyen C, Scott K, Holmes A, Grewal N, Mulvaney E, Ryan E, Sun H, Florea L, Miller W, Stoneking T, Nhan M, Waterston R, Wilson RK. Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. Nature 2001; 413:852-6. [PMID: 11677609 DOI: 10.1038/35101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1400] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies I, serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis, and is used as a mouse model of human typhoid fever. The incidence of non-typhoid salmonellosis is increasing worldwide, causing millions of infections and many deaths in the human population each year. Here we sequenced the 4,857-kilobase (kb) chromosome and 94-kb virulence plasmid of S. typhimurium strain LT2. The distribution of close homologues of S. typhimurium LT2 genes in eight related enterobacteria was determined using previously completed genomes of three related bacteria, sample sequencing of both S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and hybridization of three unsequenced genomes to a microarray of S. typhimurium LT2 genes. Lateral transfer of genes is frequent, with 11% of the S. typhimurium LT2 genes missing from S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi), and 29% missing from Escherichia coli K12. The 352 gene homologues of S. typhimurium LT2 confined to subspecies I of S. enterica-containing most mammalian and bird pathogens-are useful for studies of epidemiology, host specificity and pathogenesis. Most of these homologues were previously unknown, and 50 may be exported to the periplasm or outer membrane, rendering them accessible as therapeutic or vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McClelland
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10835 Altman Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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5
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Tabata S, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Kotani H, Kato T, Asamizu E, Miyajima N, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Hosouchi T, Kawashima K, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Naruo K, Okumura S, Shinpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Sato S, de la Bastide M, Huang E, Spiegel L, Gnoj L, O'Shaughnessy A, Preston R, Habermann K, Murray J, Johnson D, Rohlfing T, Nelson J, Stoneking T, Pepin K, Spieth J, Sekhon M, Armstrong J, Becker M, Belter E, Cordum H, Cordes M, Courtney L, Courtney W, Dante M, Du H, Edwards J, Fryman J, Haakensen B, Lamar E, Latreille P, Leonard S, Meyer R, Mulvaney E, Ozersky P, Riley A, Strowmatt C, Wagner-McPherson C, Wollam A, Yoakum M, Bell M, Dedhia N, Parnell L, Shah R, Rodriguez M, See LH, Vil D, Baker J, Kirchoff K, Toth K, King L, Bahret A, Miller B, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR, Wilson RK, Murphy G, Bancroft I, Volckaert G, Wambutt R, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Pohl T, Entian KD, Terryn N, Hartley N, Bent E, Johnson S, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Zimmermann W, Ramsperger U, Wedler H, Balke K, Wedler E, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirkse W, Mooijman P, Lankhorst RK, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Rose M, Hauf J, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Villarroel R, Gielen J, Ardiles W, Bents O, Lemcke K, Kolesov G, Mayer K, Rudd S, Schoof H, Schueller C, Zaccaria P, Mewes HW, Bevan M, Fransz P. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 2000; 408:823-6. [PMID: 11130714 DOI: 10.1038/35048507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been sequenced by an international collaboration, The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. Here we report the complete sequence of chromosome 5. This chromosome is 26 megabases long; it is the second largest Arabidopsis chromosome and represents 21% of the sequenced regions of the genome. The sequence of chromosomes 2 and 4 have been reported previously and that of chromosomes 1 and 3, together with an analysis of the complete genome sequence, are reported in this issue. Analysis of the sequence of chromosome 5 yields further insights into centromere structure and the sequence determinants of heterochromatin condensation. The 5,874 genes encoded on chromosome 5 reveal several new functions in plants, and the patterns of gene organization provide insights into the mechanisms and extent of genome evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
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Ellsworth RE, Jamison DC, Touchman JW, Chissoe SL, Braden Maduro VV, Bouffard GG, Dietrich NL, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Iyer LM, Weintraub LA, Cotton M, Courtney L, Edwards J, Maupin R, Ozersky P, Rohlfing T, Wohldmann P, Miner T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Korf I, Pepin K, Antonacci-Fulton L, Fulton RS, Minx P, Hillier LW, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Miller W, Green ED. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the human and mouse cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:1172-7. [PMID: 10655503 PMCID: PMC15558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.3.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in 1989 represents a landmark accomplishment in human genetics. Since that time, there have been numerous advances in elucidating the function of the encoded protein and the physiological basis of cystic fibrosis. However, numerous areas of cystic fibrosis biology require additional investigation, some of which would be facilitated by information about the long-range sequence context of the CFTR gene. For example, the latter might provide clues about the sequence elements responsible for the temporal and spatial regulation of CFTR expression. We thus sought to establish the sequence of the chromosomal segments encompassing the human CFTR and mouse Cftr genes, with the hope of identifying conserved regions of biologic interest by sequence comparison. Bacterial clone-based physical maps of the relevant human and mouse genomic regions were constructed, and minimally overlapping sets of clones were selected and sequenced, eventually yielding approximately 1.6 Mb and approximately 358 kb of contiguous human and mouse sequence, respectively. These efforts have produced the complete sequence of the approximately 189-kb and approximately 152-kb segments containing the human CFTR and mouse Cftr genes, respectively, as well as significant amounts of flanking DNA. Analyses of the resulting data provide insights about the organization of the CFTR/Cftr genes and potential sequence elements regulating their expression. Furthermore, the generated sequence reveals the precise architecture of genes residing near CFTR/Cftr, including one known gene (WNT2/Wnt2) and two previously unknown genes that immediately flank CFTR/Cftr.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ellsworth
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Mayer K, Schüller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Müller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kötter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blöcker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Löhnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mündlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 1999; 402:769-77. [PMID: 10617198 DOI: 10.1038/47134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mayer
- GSF-Forschungszentrum f. Umwelt u. Gesundheit, Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences am Max-Planck-Institut f. Biochemie, Germany
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Abstract
The use of clinical paths for patient care management was explored by this development team as a mechanism to provide consistent, high-quality care to hospitalized patients in high-volume, high-risk diagnostic categories. Reviewing the historical aspects and importance of clinical paths helped expand the team's perspective to incorporate pre- and posthospitalization phases of patient care into the clinical path being developed. A multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, health educators, and dietitians from both inpatient and outpatient departments of Kaiser-Santa Teresa Medical Center in San Jose, California, devised and implemented an Adult Diabetes Mellitus care path. Staff education preceded the implementation of the care paths. Measurements of quality indicators showed improvements in patient satisfaction, patient education, patient knowledge, and nutrition assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Courtney
- The Department of Hospital Nursing, Kaiser Permanente Santa Teresa Medical Center, San Jose, California (Ms Courtney)
| | - M Gordon
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Teresa Medical Center, San Jose, California (Dr Gordon)
| | - L Romer
- The Department of Health Education, Kaiser Permanente Santa Teresa Medical Center, San Jose, California (Ms Romer)
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Abstract
Salt (NaCl) preference of 5-20-day-old rats was examined using a method which elicits independent ingestive responses. Rats were placed in a warm, moist incubator on toweling which was saturated with water or test solutions. Active mouthing responses were seen which were directed toward the towel soaked with solution and weight gain in a 25-min test was taken as an index of ingestion. At most ages pups preferred hypertonic saline solutions to water and at 10 days of age rats appeared particularly insensitive to the aversiveness of concentrated (4-8%) NaCl solutions. In contrast to the 10-, 15-, and 20-day-old rats, the 5-day-old rats never preferred NaCl solutions to water and avoided them at concentrations which older rats preferred. This pattern of NaCl preference cannot easily be explained in terms of the known increases in sensitivity of the rat's taste system to NaCl stimulation with age. Ingestion of NH4Cl solutions was also examined and at 10 days of age significant preference for concentrated NH4Cl solutions was evident which contrasts markedly with the behavior of older pups and adult rats when presented with NH4Cl solutions. The relationship between the present findings and available electrophysiological data from the chorda tympani and nucleus of the solitary tract are discussed.
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Brusca J, Summers M, Couch J, Courtney L. Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus efficiently enters but does not replicate in poikilothermic vertebrate cells. Intervirology 1986; 26:207-22. [PMID: 3301733 DOI: 10.1159/000149703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host range of the insect virus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was examined. AcMNPV could not initiate a productive infection in frog, turtle, trout, or codling moth cell lines. After exposure to AcMNPV, neither viral DNA nor RNA synthesis could be detected in these cell lines as assayed by nucleic acid probe hybridization. Entry of AcMNPV nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm and viral DNA into the nucleus, however, was as efficient in the nonpermissive cell lines as it was in a permissive insect cell line. The data suggest that the block in AcMNPV infection in these nonpermissive cell lines is at a stage subsequent to viral DNA entry into the nucleus.
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Bernstein IL, Courtney L, Braget DJ. Estrogens and the Leydig LTW(m) tumor syndrome: anorexia and diet aversions attenuated by area postrema lesions. Physiol Behav 1986; 38:159-63. [PMID: 3467386 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of learned aversions to the available diet has been shown to contribute to the anorexia and weight loss which accompany the growth of certain tumors, including the Leydig LTW(m) tumor. Estradiol infusions were found to closely mimic the effects on food intake and food preference seen after Leydig LTW(m) tumor implants. That is, reductions in food intake and the development of severe aversions to a target diet available during hormone infusions were seen. Lesions of the area postrema greatly attenuated these effects of estradiol infusions. Similar lesions have been shown to have parallel effects on the LTW(m) tumor syndrome. These findings strongly implicate the elevations of circulating estrogens which accompany the growth of LTW(m) tumors in generating the symptoms of anorexia and diet aversions.
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Baktash C, Schutz Y, Lee IY, McGowan FK, Johnson NR, Halbert ML, Hensley DC, Fewell MP, Courtney L, Larabee AJ, Riedinger LL, Sunyar AW, Kistner OC, Sarantites DG. Quasivibrational bands at high spins in 158Yb. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:978-981. [PMID: 10030897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Courtney L. Getting to the roots of linen loss problems. AMERICAN LAUNDRY DIGEST 1980; 45:19-25. [PMID: 10248256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
A large group of shrimp, 23.3% of which had light patent Baculovirus infections, was divided equally into two groups. One group was exposed to the chemical stressor Aroclor 1254 (a polychlorinated biphenyl) at 0.7 ppb for 35 days in flowing seawater. The other group was maintained as a control group in flowing seawater. Viral prevalence in exposed shrimp samples increased with time at a significantly greater rate than did viral frequency in control shrimp. Viral prevalence in Aroclor-exposed shrimp survivors was 75% after 35 days, whereas in control shrimp, only 45.7% had patent viral infections. This finding suggests an interaction among chemical stressor (Aroclor 1254), host, and virus. The nature or mechanism of this interaction has not been defined, but the shrimp-virus system shows, promise for future bioassays of influence of low concentrations of pollutants on natural pathogenhost interactions.
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Courtney L. Uterine hypotonia. Br Med J 1971; 3:637. [PMID: 5315153 PMCID: PMC1798778 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5775.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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