1
|
Borkenhagen LK, Aung PP, Htay T, Thein ZW, Tin OS, Mon TS, Myint W, Bailey ES, Wanninger TG, Kandeil AM, Webby RJ, Gray GC. A cross-sectional study of avian influenza A virus in Myanmar live bird markets: Detection of a newly introduced H9N2? Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13111. [PMID: 36843223 PMCID: PMC9970615 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic influenza surveillance in Myanmar is sparse, despite the risks of introduction of such viruses from neighboring countries that could impact the poultry industry and lead to spillover to humans. METHODS In July and August 2019, our multi-institutional partnership conducted a One Health-oriented, cross-sectional surveillance (weekly for 3 weeks) for influenza A and influenza D viruses at the three largest live bird markets in Yangon, Myanmar. RESULTS The 27 bioaerosols, 90 bird cage swabs, 90 bird oropharyngeals, and 90 human nasopharyngeal samples yielded molecular influenza A detections in 8 bioaerosols (30.0%), 16 bird cages (17.8%), 15 bird oropharyngeals (16.7%), and 1 human nasopharyngeal (1.1%) samples. No influenza D was detected. Seven of the influenza A virus detections were found to be subtype A/H9N2, and one human nasopharyngeal sample was found to be subtype A/H1pdm. Among all IAV-positive samples, three of the A/H9N2-positive samples yielded live viruses from egg culture and their whole genome sequences revealing they belonged to the G9/Y280 lineage of A/H9N2 viruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these A/H9N2 sequences clustered separately from A/H9N2 viruses that were previously detected in Myanmar, supporting the notion that A/H9N2 viruses similar to those seen in wider Southeast Asia may have been introduced to Myanmar on multiple occasions. CONCLUSIONS These findings call for increased surveillance efforts in Myanmar to monitor for the introduction of novel influenza viruses in poultry, as well as possible reassortment and zoonotic virus transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Borkenhagen
- Duke Global Health InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Poe Poe Aung
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | - Thura Htay
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | - Zaw Win Thein
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | - Ommar Swe Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical ServicesMinistry of HealthYangonMyanmar
| | - Thet Su Mon
- Special Disease Control UnitDepartment of Public Health, Ministry of HealthNaypyitawMyanmar
| | - Win Myint
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary DepartmentMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock and IrrigationYangonMyanmar
| | - Emily S. Bailey
- Duke Global Health InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Timothy G. Wanninger
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Ahmed M. Kandeil
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- Duke Global Health InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hill NJ, Bishop MA, Trovão NS, Ineson KM, Schaefer AL, Puryear WB, Zhou K, Foss AD, Clark DE, MacKenzie KG, Gass JD, Borkenhagen LK, Hall JS, Runstadler JA. Ecological divergence of wild birds drives avian influenza spillover and global spread. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010062. [PMID: 35588106 PMCID: PMC9119557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) is primarily hosted by two highly divergent avian orders: Anseriformes (ducks, swans and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns and shorebirds). Studies of IAV have historically focused on Anseriformes, specifically dabbling ducks, overlooking the diversity of hosts in nature, including gull and goose species that have successfully adapted to human habitats. This study sought to address this imbalance by characterizing spillover dynamics and global transmission patterns of IAV over 10 years at greater taxonomic resolution than previously considered. Furthermore, the circulation of viral subtypes in birds that are either host-adapted (low pathogenic H13, H16) or host-generalist (highly pathogenic avian influenza—HPAI H5) provided a unique opportunity to test and extend models of viral evolution. Using Bayesian phylodynamic modelling we uncovered a complex transmission network that relied on ecologically divergent bird hosts. The generalist subtype, HPAI H5 was driven largely by wild geese and swans that acted as a source for wild ducks, gulls, land birds, and domestic geese. Gulls were responsible for moving HPAI H5 more rapidly than any other host, a finding that may reflect their long-distance, pelagic movements and their immuno-naïve status against this subtype. Wild ducks, long viewed as primary hosts for spillover, occupied an optimal space for viral transmission, contributing to geographic expansion and rapid dispersal of HPAI H5. Evidence of inter-hemispheric dispersal via both the Pacific and Atlantic Rims was detected, supporting surveillance at high latitudes along continental margins to achieve early detection. Both neutral (geographic expansion) and non-neutral (antigenic selection) evolutionary processes were found to shape subtype evolution which manifested as unique geographic hotspots for each subtype at the global scale. This study reveals how a diversity of avian hosts contribute to viral spread and spillover with the potential to improve surveillance in an era of rapid global change. Our study provides novel insights into the biology of influenza A virus (IAV), which is timely in view of the unusually large number of animal and human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Currently we face challenges with predicting how the avian reservoir will influence IAV spread because the mechanisms by which different subtypes disperse are not well understood. Our study sought to address this knowledge gap by systematically comparing the evolutionary dynamics that drive IAV transmission across subtypes and bird hosts with the goal of identifying spillover pathways at the wild-domestic interface. By analyzing the evolution of IAV over 10 years at greater taxonomic resolution than previously considered, we uncovered a complex transmission network that relied on ecologically divergent bird hosts. Domestic birds were responsible for slow but steady range expansion of HPAI H5, while wild birds such as geese, swans, gulls and ducks contibuted to rapid but episodic dispersal via uniquely different pathways. By assessing how virus-host systems are coupled, findings from this study have the potential to refine and enhance global surveillance and outbreak prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mary Anne Bishop
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Nídia S. Trovão
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Ineson
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Schaefer
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Wendy B. Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexa D. Foss
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Clark
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. MacKenzie
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathon D. Gass
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura K. Borkenhagen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Background: There is great interest in understanding the viral genomic predictors of phenotypic traits that allow influenza A viruses to adapt to or become more virulent in different hosts. Machine learning techniques have demonstrated promise in addressing this critical need for other pathogens because the underlying algorithms are especially well equipped to uncover complex patterns in large datasets and produce generalizable predictions for new data. As the body of research where these techniques are applied for influenza A virus phenotype prediction continues to grow, it is useful to consider the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches to understand what has prevented these models from seeing widespread use by surveillance laboratories and to identify gaps that are underexplored with this technology. Methods and Results: We present a systematic review of English literature published through 15 April 2021 of studies employing machine learning methods to generate predictions of influenza A virus phenotypes from genomic or proteomic input. Forty-nine studies were included in this review, spanning the topics of host discrimination, human adaptability, subtype and clade assignment, pandemic lineage assignment, characteristics of infection, and antiviral drug resistance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that biases in model design and a dearth of wet laboratory follow-up may explain why these models often go underused. We, therefore, offer guidance to overcome these limitations, aid in improving predictive models of previously studied influenza A virus phenotypes, and extend those models to unexplored phenotypes in the ultimate pursuit of tools to enable the characterization of virus isolates across surveillance laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Borkenhagen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Martin W Allen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Zowalaty ME, Abdelgadir A, Borkenhagen LK, Ducatez MF, Bailey ES, Gray GC. Influenza A viruses are likely highly prevalent in South African swine farms. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2373-2383. [PMID: 34327845 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth in pork production during the last decade in South Africa has escalated the risk of zoonotic pathogen emergence. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate evidence for transmission of influenza A virus between pigs and swine workers. Between February and October 2018, samples from swine workers and pigs were collected from three farms in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Workers nasal washes and serum samples, and swine oral secretion samples (rope sampling method) were studied for evidence of swine influenza A virus infection using molecular and serological methods. Among 84 human nasal washes and 51 swine oral secretion specimens, 44 (52.4%) and 6 (11.8%) had molecular evidence of influenza A virus. Microneutralization assays with workers' enrolment sera against swine H1N1 and H3N2 viruses revealed a high prevalence of elevated antibodies. Multivariate risk factor analysis showed that male workers from the age-group quartile 23-32 years, who self-reported a recent history of exposure to someone with influenza disease and seldom use of personal protective equipment were at highest risk of molecular detection of influenza A virus. These pilot study data suggest that influenza A viruses are likely highly prevalent in South African swine farms. South Africa would benefit from periodic surveillance for novel influenza viruses in swine farms as well as education and seasonal influenza vaccine programmes for swine workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Duke One Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anfal Abdelgadir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura K Borkenhagen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Emily S Bailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borkenhagen LK, Wang GL, Simmons RA, Bi ZQ, Lu B, Wang XJ, Wang CX, Chen SH, Song SX, Li M, Zhao T, Wu MN, Park LP, Cao WC, Ma MJ, Gray GC. High Risk of Influenza Virus Infection Among Swine Workers: Examining a Dynamic Cohort in China. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:622-629. [PMID: 31504322 PMCID: PMC7108185 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is thought to be a hotspot for zoonotic influenza virus emergence, yet there have been few prospective studies examining the occupational risks of such infections. METHODS We present the first 2 years of data collected from a 5-year, prospective, cohort study of swine-exposed and -unexposed participants at 6 swine farms in China. We conducted serological and virological surveillance to examine evidence for swine influenza A virus infection in humans. RESULTS Of the 658 participants (521 swine-exposed and 137 swine-unexposed), 207 (31.5%) seroconverted against at least 1 swine influenza virus subtype (swine H1N1 or H3N2). Swine-exposed participants' microneutralization titers, especially those enrolled at confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), were higher against the swine H1N1 virus than were other participants at 12 and 24 months. Despite elevated titers, among the 187 study subjects for whom we had complete follow-up, participants working at swine CAFOs had significantly greater odds of seroconverting against both the swine H1N1 (odds ratio [OR] 19.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.55-358.65) and swine H3N2 (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.16-8.01) viruses, compared to unexposed and non-CAFO swine workers with less intense swine exposure. CONCLUSIONS While some of the observed increased risk against swine viruses may have been explained by exposure to human influenza strains, study data suggest that even with elevated preexisting antibodies, swine-exposed workers were at high risk of infection with enzootic swine influenza A viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Borkenhagen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Ryan A Simmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhen-Qiang Bi
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Bing Lu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Xian-Jun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Chuang-Xin Wang
- Licheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Shan-Hui Chen
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Shao-Xia Song
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Min Li
- Licheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan
| | - Teng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Meng-Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, China.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bailey ES, Fieldhouse JK, Alarja NA, Chen DD, Kovalik ME, Zemke JN, Choi JY, Borkenhagen LK, Toh TH, Lee JSY, Chong KS, Gray GC. First sequence of influenza D virus identified in poultry farm bioaerosols in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 32190346 PMCID: PMC7069008 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, our team collected aerosols samples from five poultry farms in Malaysia. Influenza D virus was detected in 14% of samples. One sample had an 86.3% identity score similar to NCBI accession number MH785020.1. This is the first molecular sequence of influenza D virus detected in Southeast Asia from a bioaerosol sample. Our findings indicate that further study of role of IDV in poultry is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bailey
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA.,3Julia Jones Matthews Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX USA
| | - Jane K Fieldhouse
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Natalie A Alarja
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - David D Chen
- 2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Maria E Kovalik
- 2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Juliana N Zemke
- 2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica Y Choi
- 2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Laura K Borkenhagen
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- 4Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak Malaysia.,5Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Kuek-Sen Chong
- 5Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor Malaysia.,Divisional Health Office, Sibu, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Gregory C Gray
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA.,7Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,8Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are major contributors to clinical illnesses. Novel human and animal AdVs continue to be identified and characterized. Comparative analyses using bioinformatic methods and Omics-based technologies allow insights into how these human pathogens have emerged and their potential for host cross-species transmission. Systematic review of literature published across ProQuest, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for evidence of adenoviral zoonotic potential identified 589 citations. After removing duplicates, 327 citations were screened for relevance; of which, 74 articles received full-text reviews. Among these, 24 were included here, of which 16 demonstrated evidence of zoonotic transmission of AdVs. These documented instances of AdV crossing host species barriers between humans and non-human primate, bat, feline, swine, canine, ovine, and caprine. Eight studies sought to but did not find evidence of zoonosis. The findings demonstrate substantial evidence suggesting AdVs have previously and will continue crossing host species barriers. These have human health consequences both in terms of novel pathogen emergence and epidemic outbreaks, and of appropriate and safe use of non-human adenoviruses for therapeutics. As routine human clinical diagnostics may miss a novel cross-species adenovirus infection in humans, next generation sequencing or panspecies molecular diagnostics may be necessary to detect such incursions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Borkenhagen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane K Fieldhouse
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, People's Republic of China.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borkenhagen LK, Salman MD, Ma MJ, Gray GC. Animal influenza virus infections in humans: A commentary. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 88:113-119. [PMID: 31401200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review evidence for influenza A viruses (IAVs) moving from swine, avian, feline, equine, and canine species to infect humans. We review case reports, sero-epidemiological, archeo-epidemiological, environmental, and historical studies and consider trends in livestock farming. Although this focused review is not systematic, the aggregated data point to industrialized swine farming as the most likely source of future pandemic viruses, yet IAV surveillance on such farms is remarkably sparse. We recommend increased biosafety and biosecurity training for farm administrators and swine workers with One Health-oriented virus surveillance throughout industrialized farming and meat production lines. Collaborative partnerships with human medical researchers could aid in efforts to mitigate emerging virus threats by offering new surveillance and diagnostic technologies to livestock farming industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Borkenhagen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, & Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mo D Salman
- Animal Population Health Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, & Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Gray
- Duke Kunshan University (China), Duke University (USA), and Duke-National University of Singapore (Singapore)
| | | | - Nancy S Sung
- National Science Foundation and formerly Head of the National Science Foundation's Beijing Office, from 2014-2018
| | - Shenglan Tang
- Global Health Research Center at Duke Kunshan University and Professor at Duke University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bailey ES, Choi JY, Fieldhouse JK, Borkenhagen LK, Zemke J, Zhang D, Gray GC. The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human-animal interface: What is new from a one health perspective? Evol Med Public Health 2018; 2018:192-198. [PMID: 30210800 PMCID: PMC6128238 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This year, in 2018, we mark 100 years since the 1918 influenza pandemic. In the last 100 years, we have expanded our knowledge of public health and increased our ability to detect and prevent influenza; however, we still face challenges resulting from these continually evolving viruses. Today, it is clear that influenza viruses have multiple animal reservoirs (domestic and wild), making infection prevention in humans especially difficult to achieve. With this report, we summarize new knowledge regarding influenza A, B, C and D viruses and their control. We also introduce how a multi-disciplinary One Health approach is necessary to mitigate these threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bailey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Y Choi
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane K Fieldhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura K Borkenhagen
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliana Zemke
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borkenhagen LK, Mallinson KA, Tsao RW, Ha SJ, Lim WH, Toh TH, Anderson BD, Fieldhouse JK, Philo SE, Chong KS, Lindsley WG, Ramirez A, Lowe JF, Coleman KK, Gray GC. Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201295. [PMID: 30052648 PMCID: PMC6063427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses. OBJECTIVES To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways. STUDY This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses. RESULTS In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Borkenhagen
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kerry A. Mallinson
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rick W. Tsao
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Siaw-Jing Ha
- SEGi University Sibu Clinical Campus, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Honn Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- SEGi University Sibu Clinical Campus, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin D. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jane K. Fieldhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Philo
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kuek-Sen Chong
- SEGi University Sibu Clinical Campus, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Divisional Health Office, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William G. Lindsley
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - James F. Lowe
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory C. Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|