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Simmons CP, Donald W, Tagavi L, Tarivonda L, Quai T, Tavoa R, Noran T, Manikaoti E, Kareaua L, Abwai TT, Chand D, Rama V, Deo V, Deo KK, Tavuii A, Valentine W, Prasad R, Seru E, Naituku L, Ratu A, Hesketh M, Kenny N, Beebe SC, Goundar AA, McCaw A, Buntine M, Green B, Frossard T, Gilles JRL, Joubert DA, Wilson G, Duong LQ, Bouvier JB, Stanford D, Forder C, Duyvestyn JM, Pacidônio EC, Flores HA, Wittmeier N, Retzki K, Ryan PA, Denton JA, Smithyman R, Tanamas SK, Kyrylos P, Dong Y, Khalid A, Hodgson L, Anders KL, O’Neill SL. Successful introgression of wMel Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti populations in Fiji, Vanuatu and Kiribati. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012022. [PMID: 38484041 PMCID: PMC10980184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pacific Island countries have experienced periodic dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks for decades. The prevention and control of these mosquito-borne diseases rely heavily on control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which in most settings are the primary vector. Introgression of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis (wMel strain) into Ae. aegypti populations reduces their vector competence and consequently lowers dengue incidence in the human population. Here we describe successful area-wide deployments of wMel-infected Ae. aegypti in Suva, Lautoka, Nadi (Fiji), Port Vila (Vanuatu) and South Tarawa (Kiribati). With community support, weekly releases of wMel-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for between 2 to 5 months resulted in wMel introgression in nearly all locations. Long term monitoring confirmed a high, self-sustaining prevalence of wMel infecting mosquitoes in almost all deployment areas. Measurement of public health outcomes were disrupted by the Covid19 pandemic but are expected to emerge in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Donald
- Ministry of Health, Government of Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Lekon Tagavi
- Ministry of Health, Government of Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Len Tarivonda
- Ministry of Health, Government of Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | | | | | - Tebikau Noran
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Kiribati Government, Kiribati
| | - Erirau Manikaoti
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Kiribati Government, Kiribati
| | - Lavinia Kareaua
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Kiribati Government, Kiribati
| | | | - Dip Chand
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Government of Fiji, Suva, Fiji
| | - Vineshwaran Rama
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Government of Fiji, Suva, Fiji
| | - Vimal Deo
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Government of Fiji, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Aminiasi Tavuii
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Anaseini Ratu
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Hesketh
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nichola Kenny
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Beebe
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Andrew McCaw
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Molly Buntine
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ben Green
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tibor Frossard
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | - Geoff Wilson
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Le Quyen Duong
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jean B Bouvier
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Darren Stanford
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Carolyn Forder
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kate Retzki
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A. Ryan
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jai A. Denton
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ruth Smithyman
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Peter Kyrylos
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yi Dong
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anam Khalid
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Lusby E, Gibson J, Leckie T, Newton R, Hodgson L. Paediatric non-theatre emergency airway management. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:206-207. [PMID: 37946518 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Lusby
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - J Gibson
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - T Leckie
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - R Newton
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - L Hodgson
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
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Goh KL, Kumar H, Hadoux X, Jannaud M, Abbott C, Hodgson L, Robman L, Makeyeva G, Van Wijngaarden P, Guymer R, Wu Z. Hyperpigmentary abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration: association with progression and impact on visual sensitivity. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:263-267. [PMID: 36564147 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the additional prognostic value of quantifying the extent of colour fundus photography (CFP)-defined hyperpigmentary abnormalities (HPAs) compared with their presence alone for predicting progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to understand their association with visual sensitivity in individuals with intermediate AMD. METHODS 140 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent multimodal imaging and microperimetry at baseline and then every 6 months for up to 3 years. Baseline CFPs were graded for the presence of HPAs and their extent was quantified. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were used to quantify drusen volume. Predictive models for progression to late AMD (including OCT signs of atrophy) were developed using either HPA presence or extent. The association between HPA extent with mean visual sensitivity (both overall and sector based) was also evaluated. All models were adjusted for the confounders of baseline age and drusen volume. RESULTS The predictive performance for late AMD development was not significantly different for HPA presence or extent (p=0.92). Increasing HPA extent in each sector, but not its overall extent in an eye, was associated with reduced sector-based visual sensitivity (p<0.001 and p=0.671, respectively). CONCLUSION In a cohort with bilateral large drusen, quantifying HPA extent did not improve the prediction of late AMD development compared with presence alone. HPA extent was associated with more local, rather than generalised, reductions in visual sensitivity. These findings suggest that quantification of HPA extent adds little to the prediction of AMD progression, but that it provides an imaging biomarker of visual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyn Goh
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Himeesh Kumar
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Hadoux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maxime Jannaud
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla Abbott
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luba Robman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Galina Makeyeva
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Stacey MJ, Leckie T, Fitzpatrick D, Hodgson L, Barden A, Jenkins R, Galloway R, Weller C, Grivas GV, Pitsiladis Y, Richardson AJ, Woods DR. Neurobiomarker and body temperature responses to recreational marathon running. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:566-573. [PMID: 37777396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess how biomarkers indicating central nervous system insult (neurobiomarkers) vary in peripheral blood with exertional-heat stress from prolonged endurance exercise. DESIGN Observational study of changes in neuron specific enolase (NSE), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β), Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP) and Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1) at Brighton Marathon 2022. METHODS In 38 marathoners with in-race core temperature (Tc) monitoring, exposure (High, Intermediate or Low) was classified by cumulative hyperthermia - calculated as area under curve of Time × Tc > 38 °C - and also by running duration (finishing time). Blood was sampled for neurobiomarkers, cortisol and fluid-regulatory stress surrogates, including copeptin and creatinine (at rested baseline; within 30 min of finishing; and at 24 h). RESULTS Finishing in 236 ± 40 min, runners showed stable GFAP and UCH-L1 across the marathon and next-day. Significant (P < 0.05) increases from baseline were shown post-marathon and at 24 h for S100β (8.52 [3.65, 22.95] vs 39.0 [26.48, 52.33] vs 80.3 [49.1, 99.7] ng·L-1) and post-marathon only for NSE (3.73 [3.30, 4.32] vs 4.85 [4.45, 5.80] μg·L-1, P < 0.0001). Whilst differential response to hyperthermia was observed for cortisol, copeptin and creatinine, neurobiomarker responses did not vary. Post-marathon, only NSE differed by exercise duration (High vs Low, 5.81 ± 1.77 vs. 4.69 ± 0.73 μg·L-1, adjusted P = 0.0358). CONCLUSIONS Successful marathon performance did not associate with evidence for substantial neuronal insult. To account for variation in neurobiomarkers with prolonged endurance exercise, factors additional to hyperthermia, such as exercise duration and intensity, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stacey
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Defence Medical Services, UK; Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - T Leckie
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - D Fitzpatrick
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, UK; Sport and Exercise Medicine Department, Charing Cross Hospital, UK
| | - L Hodgson
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - A Barden
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - R Jenkins
- Foundation Programme, Defence Medical Services, UK
| | - R Galloway
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - C Weller
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - G V Grivas
- Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Physical Education and Sports, Hellenic Naval Academy, Greece
| | - Y Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, UK; Human Telemetrics, UK
| | - A J Richardson
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - D R Woods
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Defence Medical Services, UK; Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK
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Gibson J, Leckie T, Hayward J, Hodgson L. Non-theatre emergency airway management: a multicentre prospective observational study. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1338-1346. [PMID: 37549371 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Emergency airway management events are common, unpredictable and associated with high complication rates. This multicentre prospective observational study across eight acute NHS hospitals in southeast England reports the incidence and nature of non-theatre emergency airway management events. Data were collected from non-theatre emergency airway management, including adverse events, over a continuous 28-day window, and recorded on an electronic case report form. Events were classified according to type (advanced airway; simple airway; and cardiac arrest). A total of 166 events were recorded, with 111 advanced airway events involving tracheal intubation or tracheostomy management. Senior personnel with three or more years of airway management experience were present for 105/111 (95%) advanced airway management episodes. There was a significant reduction in consultant or equivalent presence out-of-hours (21/64, 33%) vs. in-hours (34/47, 72%) (p < 0.001). We found high utilisation of videolaryngoscopy (95/106, 90%) and universal use of capnography for all advanced airway management events. This was lower during cardiac arrest when videolaryngoscopy was used in 11/16 (69%) of tracheal intubations and capnography in 21/32 (66%) of all cardiac arrest episodes. Adverse outcomes during advanced airway management (excluding during cardiac arrest) occurred in 53/111 (48%) episodes, including hypoxia (desaturation to Sp O2 < 80% in 14/111, 13%) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg in 27/111, 25%). Adverse outcomes were not associated with time of day or experience level of airway practitioners. We conclude that there is a disparity between consultant presence for advanced airway interventions in- and out-of-hours; high utilisation of videolaryngoscopy and capnography, especially for advanced airway interventions; and a high incidence of hypotension and hypoxaemia, including critical values, during non-theatre airway management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gibson
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, Surrey, UK
| | - T Leckie
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, Sussex, UK
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, Sussex, UK
| | - J Hayward
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, Sussex, UK
| | - L Hodgson
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, Sussex, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Phillipos J, Luong TV, Chang D, Varadarajan S, Howat P, Hodgson L, Colville D, Savige J. Retinal small vessel narrowing in women with gestational diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension, or small-for-gestational age babies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1265555. [PMID: 37908854 PMCID: PMC10614424 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension and small-for-gestational age babies are all associated with impaired placental vascularisation. This study compared the effects of these conditions the systemic small vessel calibre that was examined in the retina. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of consecutive pregnant women recruited from an antenatal clinic. Participants underwent a Glucose Tolerance Test, BP measurements, and were examined for small-for-gestational age babies as per national guidelines. They also underwent retinal photography with a non-mydriatic camera, and vessel calibres were measured with a validated semi-quantitative system at a retinal grading centre. Some participants also underwent testing of retinal vascular responsiveness to a flickering light. Results Women with gestational diabetes (n = 68) had a higher mean arterial pressure (85 ± 9 mm Hg) than normal pregnant women (n = 27, 80 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.01). They also had smaller mean retinal arteriole (147.5 ± 13.6 μm and 159.7 ± 6.7 μm respectively, p < 0.01) and venular calibre (221.0 ± 13.4 μm and 232.8 ± 20.1 μm respectively, p < 0.01) than normal. However their babies' mean birth weights were not different from normal (3,311 ± 558 g and 3,401 ± 600 g respectively, p = 0.48). They also demonstrated a trend to reduced retinal arteriolar dilatation (3.5 ± 1.3%, n = 23) in response to vasodilatory stimuli (4.4 ± 1.8%) (n = 11) (p = 0.08) consistent with endothelial dysfunction. Women with pregnancy-associated hypertension (n = 35) had a higher mean arterial pressure (101 ± 12 mm Hg, p < 0.01), a smaller mean retinal arteriolar calibre (139.9 ± 10.6 μm, p < 0.0001), and a lower baby mean birth weight than for normal pregnancies (3,095 ± 443 g, p = 0.02). Likewise, women with small-for-gestational age babies (n = 31) had a higher mean arterial pressure (89 ± 19 mm Hg, p = 0.03), a smaller mean retinal arteriolar calibre (141.6 ± 12.8 μm, p < 0.01) and a lower baby mean birth weight than for normal pregnancies (2,468 ± 324 g, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Mean retinal arterial calibre was reduced in women with gestational diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension or small-for-gestational age babies. The reduction in calibre was greatest in pregnancy-associated hypertension and small-for-gestational age babies. Systemic arteriole narrowing may contribute to the pathogenesis of placental vascular dysfunction in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Phillipos
- The University of Melbourne (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thao Vi Luong
- The University of Melbourne (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Chang
- The University of Melbourne (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paul Howat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Northern Health, Epping, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- The University of Melbourne (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- The University of Melbourne (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Chew S, Colville D, Hutchinson A, Canty P, Hodgson L, Savige J. Obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertensive microvascular disease: a cross-sectional observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13350. [PMID: 35922660 PMCID: PMC9349200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive microvascular disease is associated with an increased risk of diastolic heart failure, vascular dementia and progressive renal impairment. This study examined whether individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) had more retinal hypertensive microvascular disease than those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hospital controls. This was a single-centre, cross-sectional, observational study of participants recruited consecutively from a general respiratory clinic and a general medical clinic. OSA was diagnosed on overnight polysomnography study (apnoea:hypopnoea index ≥ 5), and controls with COPD had a forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (forced expiratory ratio) < 70%. Individuals with both OSA and COPD were excluded. Hospital controls had no COPD on respiratory function testing and no OSA on specialist physician questioning. Study participants completed a medical questionnaire, and underwent resting BP measurement, and retinal photography with a non-mydriatic camera. Images were deidentified and graded for microvascular retinopathy (Wong and Mitchell classification), and arteriole and venular calibre using a semiautomated method at a grading centre. Individuals with OSA (n = 79) demonstrated a trend to a higher mean arterial pressure than other hospital patients (n = 143) (89.2 ± 8.9 mmHg, p = 0.02), and more microvascular retinopathy (p < 0.001), and narrower retinal arterioles (134.2 ± 15.9 μm and 148.0 ± 16.2 μm respectively, p < 0.01). Microvascular retinopathy and arteriolar narrowing were still more common in OSA than hospital controls, after adjusting for age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, smoking history and dyslipidaemia (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Individuals with OSA demonstrated a trend to a higher mean arterial pressure than those with COPD (n = 132, 93.2 ± 12.2 mmHg and 89.7 ± 12.8 mmHg respectively, p = 0.07), and more microvascular retinopathy (p = 0.0001) and narrower arterioles (134.2 ± 15.9 and 152.3 ± 16.8, p < 0.01). Individuals with OSA alone had more systemic microvascular disease than those with COPD alone or other hospital patients without OSA and COPD, despite being younger in age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Chew
- The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Northern Health and Melbourne Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Northern Health and Melbourne Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | | | | | - Lauren Hodgson
- The University of Melbourne Department of Ophthalmology Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Northern Health and Melbourne Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Grogan A, Barclay K, Colville D, Hodgson L, Savige J. Retinal small vessel dilatation in the systemic inflammatory response to surgery. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13291. [PMID: 35918491 PMCID: PMC9346005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal microvascular calibre has been proposed as a predictor of cardiac events. Surgery is a major stimulus for inflammation which potentially affects small vessel calibre. This study examined the effects of surgery on retinal, and thus systemic, small vessel size, and the potentially confounding effect of surgery when retinal vessel calibre is used to predict cardiac risk in hospital patients. Consecutive participants were recruited from a preoperative assessment clinic at a teaching hospital. They provided demographic and clinical details, and underwent retinal imaging before and again, within 3 days after surgery, with a non-mydriatic retinal camera. Images were graded for vessel calibre using semi-automated software based on the Parr-Hubbard formula with Knudtson’s modification (IVAN, U Wisconsin). Differences were examined using Fisher’s exact test or a paired t-test, and calibre determinants identified from univariate and multiple linear regression analysis (STATA version 11.2). Sixty-eight participants (23 men, 34%) with a mean age of 55 ± 14.5 years, were recruited. Fourteen (21%) underwent a laparotomy which was considered major surgery and 54 (79%) had Other surgery. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased post-operatively from 7.8 ± 20.2 mg/L to 43.9 ± 55.1 mg/L (p < 0.01), and mean serum albumin decreased from 38.9 ± 4.4 g/L to 33.9 ± 5.5 g/L (p < 0.01). Mean central retinal arteriole and venular equivalent calibre (CRAE, CRVE) increased post-operatively (142.4 ± 13.3 µm to 146.4 ± 13.0 µm, p < 0.01 and 213.1 ± 16.8 µm to 217.9 ± 18.3 µm, p < 0.01, respectively). The systemic microvasculature dilates post-operatively possibly secondary to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. These changes were present within 3 days of surgery and may confound the use of small vessel calibre to predict cardiac risk in surgical inpatients. Microvascular dilatation in response to other inflammatory stimuli such as pneumonia is a known potential confounder in hospital patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grogan
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Northern Health), University of Melbourne, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Karen Barclay
- Department of Surgery (Northern Health), University of Melbourne, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, 3101, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Tantowijoyo W, Tanamas SK, Nurhayati I, Setyawan S, Budiwati N, Fitriana I, Ernesia I, Wardana DS, Supriyati E, Arguni E, Meitika Y, Prabowo E, Andari B, Green BR, Hodgson L, Rancès E, Ryan PA, O’Neill SL, Anders KL, Ansari MR, Indriani C, Ahmad RA, Utarini A, Simmons CP. Aedes aegypti abundance and insecticide resistance profiles in the Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010284. [PMID: 35442957 PMCID: PMC9060332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) trial was a parallel cluster randomised trial that demonstrated Wolbachia (wMel) introgression into Ae. aegypti populations reduced dengue incidence. In this predefined substudy, we compared between treatment arms, the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus before, during and after wMel-introgression. Between March 2015 and March 2020, 60,084 BG trap collections yielded 478,254 Ae. aegypti and 17,623 Ae. albopictus. Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in Ae. aegypti relative abundance before or after wMel-deployments, with a count ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.76, 1.21) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.85, 1.17) respectively. More Ae. aegypti were caught per trap per week in the wMel-intervention arm compared to the control arm during wMel deployments (count ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46)). Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in the Ae. albopictus population size before, during or after wMel-deployment (overall count ratio 1.10 (95% CI 0.89, 1.35)). We also compared insecticide resistance phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after wMel-deployments. Ae. aegypti field populations from wMel-treated and untreated arms were similarly resistant to malathion (0.8%), permethrin (1.25%) and cyfluthrin (0.15%) in year 1 and year 2 of the trial. In summary, we found no between-arm differences in the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus prior to or after wMel introgression, and no between-arm difference in Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance phenotypes. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, confounded the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease and a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical world. It is caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes. In a previously published randomised clinical trial, called the AWED trial, we demonstrated that releases of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the insect bacterium Wolbachia can reduce the case incidence of dengue by 77%. In this current study, we compared the abundance of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the neighbourhoods where Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were released versus the untreated neighbourhoods. This was important to do so that scientists could understand the mechanism for how Wolbachia releases reduced dengue incidence. Between March 2015 and March 2020, we did not observe any differences in Ae. aegypti abundance before or after Wolbachia-deployments in the AWED trial area. There was also no difference in the abundance of the related mosquito, Ae. albopictus, before, during or after wMel-deployment. We also compared insecticide resistance characteristics amongst Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after Wolbachia -deployments and found no difference between mosquitoes from Wolbachia-treated and untreated neighbourhoods. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, were confounding sources to the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsito Tantowijoyo
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie K. Tanamas
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Indah Nurhayati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Setyawan
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nida Budiwati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iva Fitriana
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Inggrid Ernesia
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Satria Wardana
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eggi Arguni
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yeti Meitika
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Equatori Prabowo
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bekti Andari
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Green
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Edwige Rancès
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A. Ryan
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott L. O’Neill
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Anders
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - M. Ridwan Ansari
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Citra Indriani
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Andono Ahmad
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adi Utarini
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
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10
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Fitt C, Luong TV, Cresp D, Hutchinson A, Lim K, Hodgson L, Colville D, Savige J. Increased retinal venular calibre in acute infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17280. [PMID: 34446820 PMCID: PMC8390475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies have demonstrated that increased retinal venular calibre is a risk factor for cardiac disease, cardiac events and stroke. Venular dilatation also occurs with diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia and autoimmune disease where it is attributed to inflammation. This study examined whether the inflammation associated with infections also affected microvascular calibre. Participants with infections and CRP levels > 100 mg/L were recruited from the medical wards of a teaching hospital and assisted to complete a demographic and vascular risk factor questionnaire, and to undergo non-mydriatic retinal photography (Canon CR5-45NM, Japan). They were then treated with appropriate antibiotics, and underwent repeat retinal imaging when their CRP levels had fallen to less than 100 mg/L. Retinal images were examined for arteriole and venular calibre using validated semi-automated software based on Knudtson's modification of the Parr-Hubbard formula (IVAN, U Wisconsin). Differences in inflammatory markers and calibre were examined using the paired t-test for continuous variables. Determinants of calibre were calculated from multiple linear regression analysis. Forty-one participants with respiratory (27, 66%), urinary (6, 15%), skin (5, 12%), or miscellaneous (3, 7%) infections were studied. After antibiotic treatment, participants' mean CRP levels fell from 172.9 ± 68.4 mg/L to 42.2 ± 28.2 mg/L (p < 0.0001) and mean neutrophil counts fell from 9 ± 4 × 109/L to 6 ± 3 × 109/L (p < 0.0001). The participants' mean venular calibre (CRVE) decreased from 240.9 ± 26.9 MU to 233.4 ± 23.5 MU (p = 0.0017) but arteriolar calibre (CRAE) was unchanged (156.9 ± 15.2 MU and 156.2 ± 16.0 MU, p = 0.84). Thirteen additional participants with infections had a CRP > 100 mg/L that persisted at review (199.2 ± 59.0 and 159.4 ± 40.7 mg/L, p = 0.055). Their CRAE and CRVE were not different before and after antibiotic treatment (p = 0.96, p = 0.78). Hospital inpatients with severe infections had retinal venular calibre that decreased as their infections resolved and CRP levels fell after antibiotic treatment. The changes in venular calibre with intercurrent infections may confound retinal vascular assessments of, for example, blood pressure control and cardiac risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Fitt
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Health and Northern Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Thao Vi Luong
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Health and Northern Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | | | | | - Karen Lim
- Northern Health, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Health and Northern Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Health and Northern Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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11
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Utarini A, Indriani C, Ahmad RA, Tantowijoyo W, Arguni E, Ansari MR, Supriyati E, Wardana DS, Meitika Y, Ernesia I, Nurhayati I, Prabowo E, Andari B, Green BR, Hodgson L, Cutcher Z, Rancès E, Ryan PA, O'Neill SL, Dufault SM, Tanamas SK, Jewell NP, Anders KL, Simmons CP. Efficacy of Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control of Dengue. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2177-2186. [PMID: 34107180 PMCID: PMC8103655 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia pipientis are less susceptible than wild-type A. aegypti to dengue virus infection. METHODS We conducted a cluster-randomized trial involving releases of wMel-infected A. aegypti mosquitoes for the control of dengue in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We randomly assigned 12 geographic clusters to receive deployments of wMel-infected A. aegypti (intervention clusters) and 12 clusters to receive no deployments (control clusters). All clusters practiced local mosquito-control measures as usual. A test-negative design was used to assess the efficacy of the intervention. Patients with acute undifferentiated fever who presented to local primary care clinics and were 3 to 45 years of age were recruited. Laboratory testing was used to identify participants who had virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) and those who were test-negative controls. The primary end point was symptomatic VCD of any severity caused by any dengue virus serotype. RESULTS After successful introgression of wMel into the intervention clusters, 8144 participants were enrolled; 3721 lived in intervention clusters, and 4423 lived in control clusters. In the intention-to-treat analysis, VCD occurred in 67 of 2905 participants (2.3%) in the intervention clusters and in 318 of 3401 (9.4%) in the control clusters (aggregate odds ratio for VCD, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.35; P = 0.004). The protective efficacy of the intervention was 77.1% (95% CI, 65.3 to 84.9) and was similar against the four dengue virus serotypes. The incidence of hospitalization for VCD was lower among participants who lived in intervention clusters (13 of 2905 participants [0.4%]) than among those who lived in control clusters (102 of 3401 [3.0%]) (protective efficacy, 86.2%; 95% CI, 66.2 to 94.3). CONCLUSIONS Introgression of wMel into A. aegypti populations was effective in reducing the incidence of symptomatic dengue and resulted in fewer hospitalizations for dengue among the participants. (Funded by the Tahija Foundation and others; AWED ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03055585; Indonesia Registry number, INA-A7OB6TW.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Utarini
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Citra Indriani
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Riris A Ahmad
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Warsito Tantowijoyo
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Eggi Arguni
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - M Ridwan Ansari
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Endah Supriyati
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - D Satria Wardana
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Yeti Meitika
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Inggrid Ernesia
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Indah Nurhayati
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Equatori Prabowo
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Bekti Andari
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Benjamin R Green
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Zoe Cutcher
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Edwige Rancès
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Peter A Ryan
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Suzanne M Dufault
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Stephanie K Tanamas
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Nicholas P Jewell
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Katherine L Anders
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- From the World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Center for Tropical Medicine (A.U., C.I., R.A.A., W.T., E.A., M.R.A., E.S., D.S.W., Y.M., I.E., I.N., E.P.), the Department of Health Policy and Management (A.U.), the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C.I., R.A.A.), and the Department of Child Health (E.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (S.M.D., N.P.J.); the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (N.P.J.); Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (C.P.S.); and the World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (B.A., B.R.G., L.H., Z.C., E.R., P.A.R., S.L.O., S.M.D., S.K.T., K.L.A., C.P.S.)
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12
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Abstract
Good foot health throughout childhood is important but remains poorly understood with few studies exploring this topic. The aim of this study was to define parents' knowledge, practices and health-related perceptions of children's feet. A qualitative design was adopted. Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews were carried out with parents of children aged five years and under, recruited from South East and North West of England. Interviews explored parents' views, beliefs and understanding of foot health in infancy and early childhood. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Eighteen interviews were conducted. Seven themes were identified relating to (1) parents belief and knowledge about children's foot health; (2) how parents use and share foot health information; (3) activities for supporting foot health and development; (4) footwear choices, beliefs and influences; (5) the way they access health professionals; (6) the way they search for foot health information and (7) developing practice(s) to support parents. The study provides the first insight into how parents view foot health in early infancy and childhood. The findings highlight the key foot health beliefs important to parents, how they learn about and what influences their decision-making about caring for children's feet, the way parents receive and seek information, and how they access support for foot health concerns. The findings highlight the need for accurate, clear and consistent foot health messages, and the important role health professionals have in signposting parents towards reliable and informative sources on foot health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hodgson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - C Growcott
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - A E Williams
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - C J Nester
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - S C Morrison
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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13
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Hodgson L, Growcott C, Williams A, Nester C, Morrison S. Multi-professional approaches to children's foot health: a qualitative study. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Ryan PA, Turley AP, Wilson G, Hurst TP, Retzki K, Brown-Kenyon J, Hodgson L, Kenny N, Cook H, Montgomery BL, Paton CJ, Ritchie SA, Hoffmann AA, Jewell NP, Tanamas SK, Anders KL, Simmons CP, O'Neill SL. Establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and reduction of local dengue transmission in Cairns and surrounding locations in northern Queensland, Australia. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:1547. [PMID: 31667465 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The wMel strain of Wolbachia has been successfully introduced into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and subsequently shown in laboratory studies to reduce transmission of a range of viruses including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Mayaro viruses that cause human disease. Here we report the entomological and epidemiological outcomes of staged deployment of Wolbachia across nearly all significant dengue transmission risk areas in Australia. Methods: The wMel strain of Wolbachia was backcrossed into the local Aedes aegypti genotype (Cairns and Townsville backgrounds) and mosquitoes were released in the field by staff or via community assisted methods. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken and mosquitoes were screened for the presence of Wolbachia. Dengue case notifications were used to track dengue incidence in each location before and after releases. Results: Empirical analyses of the Wolbachia mosquito releases, including data on the density, frequency and duration of Wolbachia mosquito releases, indicate that Wolbachia can be readily established in local mosquito populations, using a variety of deployment options and over short release durations (mean release period 11 weeks, range 2-22 weeks). Importantly, Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable in mosquito populations since releases for up to 8 years. Analysis of dengue case notifications data demonstrates near-elimination of local dengue transmission for the past five years in locations where Wolbachia has been established. The regression model estimate of Wolbachia intervention effect from interrupted time series analyses of case notifications data prior to and after releases, indicated a 96% reduction in dengue incidence in Wolbachia treated populations (95% confidence interval: 84 - 99%). Conclusion: Deployment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia into local Ae. aegypti populations across the Australian regional cities of Cairns and most smaller regional communities with a past history of dengue has resulted in the reduction of local dengue transmission across all deployment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Ryan
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew P Turley
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Geoff Wilson
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Tim P Hurst
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Biosecurity and Agricultural Services, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victoria State Government, Atwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Retzki
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jack Brown-Kenyon
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Nichola Kenny
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Helen Cook
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Brian L Montgomery
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Metro South Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Paton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Jewell
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephanie K Tanamas
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Katherine L Anders
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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15
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Ryan PA, Turley AP, Wilson G, Hurst TP, Retzki K, Brown-Kenyon J, Hodgson L, Kenny N, Cook H, Montgomery BL, Paton CJ, Ritchie SA, Hoffmann AA, Jewell NP, Tanamas SK, Anders KL, Simmons CP, O'Neill SL. Establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and reduction of local dengue transmission in Cairns and surrounding locations in northern Queensland, Australia. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:1547. [PMID: 31667465 PMCID: PMC6801363 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13061.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The
wMel strain of
Wolbachia has been successfully introduced into
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and subsequently shown in laboratory studies to reduce transmission of a range of viruses including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Mayaro viruses that cause human disease. Here we report the entomological and epidemiological outcomes of staged deployment of
Wolbachia across nearly all significant dengue transmission risk areas in Australia. Methods: The
wMel strain of
Wolbachia was backcrossed into the local
Aedes aegypti genotype (Cairns and Townsville backgrounds) and mosquitoes were released in the field by staff or via community assisted methods. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken and mosquitoes were screened for the presence of
Wolbachia. Dengue case notifications were used to track dengue incidence in each location before and after releases. Results: Empirical analyses of the
Wolbachia mosquito releases, including data on the density, frequency and duration of
Wolbachia mosquito releases, indicate that
Wolbachia can be readily established in local mosquito populations, using a variety of deployment options and over short release durations (mean release period 11 weeks, range 2-22 weeks). Importantly,
Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable in mosquito populations since releases for up to 8 years. Analysis of dengue case notifications data demonstrates near-elimination of local dengue transmission for the past five years in locations where
Wolbachia has been established. The regression model estimate of
Wolbachia intervention effect from interrupted time series analyses of case notifications data prior to and after releases, indicated a 96% reduction in dengue incidence in
Wolbachia treated populations (95% confidence interval: 84 – 99%). Conclusion: Deployment of the
wMel strain of
Wolbachia into local
Ae. aegypti populations across the Australian regional cities of Cairns and most smaller regional communities with a past history of dengue has resulted in the reduction of local dengue transmission across all deployment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Ryan
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew P Turley
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Geoff Wilson
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Tim P Hurst
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Biosecurity and Agricultural Services, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victoria State Government, Atwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Retzki
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jack Brown-Kenyon
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Nichola Kenny
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Helen Cook
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Brian L Montgomery
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Metro South Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Paton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Jewell
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephanie K Tanamas
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Katherine L Anders
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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16
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Lane J, Nyugen E, Morrison J, Lim L, Stawell R, Hodgson L, Bin Ismail MA, Ling HS, Teoh S, Agrawal R, Mahendradas P, Hari P, Gowda PB, Kawali A, McCluskey PJ. Clinical Features of Scleritis Across the Asia-Pacific Region. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018; 27:920-926. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2018.1484496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lane
- Ophthalmology Department, Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ethan Nyugen
- Ophthalmology Department, Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Morrison
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndell Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Stawell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ho Su Ling
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Stephen Teoh
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Parvathi Hari
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ankush Kawali
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Peter J. McCluskey
- Ophthalmology Department, Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Edelman M, Wang X, Hodgson L, Cheney R, Baggstrom M, Sachdev T, Gajra A, Bertino E, Reckamp K, Molina J, Schiller J, Mitchell-Edwards K, Friedman P, Ritter J, Milne G, Stinchcombe T, Hahn O, Vokes E. Final Results of a Phase 3 Trial of Celecoxib (C) in Addition to Standard Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With COX- 2 Overexpression: CALGB 30801 (Alliance). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prewett S, Hodgson L, Gatfield E, Styling A, Gregory D, Russell S. Prostate Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy: the Cambridge Experience. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Holbrook JT, Sugar EA, Burke AE, Vitale AT, Thorne JE, Davis JL, Jabs DA, Jaffe GJ, Branchaud B, Hahn P, Koreen L, Lad E(NM, Lin P, Martel JN, (Shah) Serrano N, Skalak C, Vajzovic L, Baer C, Bryant J, Chavala S, Cusick M, Day S, Dayani P, Ehlers J, Kesen M, Lee A, Melamud A, Qureshi JA, Scott AW, See RF, Shuler RK, Wood M, Yeh S, Fernandes A, Gibbs D, Leef D, Martin DF, Srivastava S, Dunn JP, Begum H, Boring J, Brotherson KL, Burkholder B, Butler NJ, Cain D, Cook MA, Emmert D, Graul JR, Herring M, Laing A, Leung TG, Mahon MC, Moradi A, Nwankwo A, Ostheimer TL, Reed T, Arnold E, Barnabie PM, Belair ML, Bolton SG, Brodine JB, Brown DM, Brune LM, Galor A, Gan T, Jacobowitz A, Kapoor M, Kedhar S, Kim S, Leder HA, Livingston AG, Morton Y, Nolan K, Peters GB, Soto P, Stevenson R, Tarver-Carr M, Wang Y, Foster CS, Anesi SD, Linda Bruner, Ceron O, Hinkle DM, Persons N, Wentworth B, Acevedo S, Anzaar F, Cesca T, Contero A, Fitzpatrick K, Goronga F, Johnson J, Lebron KQ, Marvell D, Morgan C, Patel N, Pinto J, Siddique SS, Sprague J, Yilmaz T, Sen HN, Bono M, Cunningham D, Hayes D, Koutsandreas D, Nussenblatt RB, Sherry PR, Short GL, Smith W, Temple A, Bamji A, Coleman H, Davuluri G, Faia L, Gottlieb C, Jirawuthiworavong GV, Lew JC, Mercer R, Obiyor D, Perry CH, Potapova N, Weichel E, Wroblewski KJ, Yeh S, Latkany PA, Coonan C, Honda A, Lorenzo-Latkany M, Masini R, Morell S, Nguyen A, Badamo J, Boyd KM, Enos M, Gallardo J, Jarczynski J, Lee JY, McGrosky M, Nour A, Sanchez M, Steinberg K, Stawell RJ, Breayley L, D'Sylva C, Glatz E, Hodgson L, Lim L, Ling C, McIntosh R, Morrison (Ewing) J, Newton A, Sanmugasundram S, Smallwood R, Zamir E, Hunt N, Jones L, Koukouras I, Williams S, Merrill PT, Carns D, Richine L, Voskuil-Marre DL, Woo K, Gaynes B, Giannoulis C, Hulvey P, Kernbauer E, Khan HS, Levine SJ, Toennessen S, Tonner E, Wang RC, Aguado H, Arceneaux S, Duignan K, Fish GE, Hesse N, Jaramillo D, Mackens M, Arnwine J, Callanan D, Cummings K, Gray K, Howden S, Mutz K, Sanchez B, Lightman S, Ismetova F, Prytherch A, Seguin-Greenstein S, Tomkins O, Bar A, Edwards K, Joshi L, Moraji J, Samy A, Stubbs T, Taylor S, Towler H, Tronnberg R, Holland GN, Almanzor RD, Castellanos J, Hubschman JP, Johiro AK, Kukuyev A, Levinson RD, McCannel CA, Ransome SS, Gonzales CR, Gupta A, Kalyani PS, Kapamajian MA, Kappel PJ, Arcinue C, Chuang J, Barteselli G, Currie G, Mendoza V, Powell D, Clark T, Cochran DE, Freeman WR, Hedaya J, Kemper T, Kozak I, LeMoine JM, Loughran ME, Magana L, Mojana F, Morrison V, Nguyen V, Oster SF, Acharya N, Clay D, Lee S, Lew M, Margolis TP, Stewart J, Wong IG, Brown D, Khouri CM, Goldstein DA, Birnbaum A, Degillio A, Rosa GDL, Ramirez C, Simjanowski E, Skelly M, Castro-Malek AL, Crooke CE, Huntley M, Nash K, Niec M, Pyatetsky D, Ramirez M, Rozenbajgier Z, Tessler HH, Davis JL, Albini TA, Chin M, Castaño D, Elizondo A, Ho M, Kovach JL, Lin RCS, Mandelcorn E, Nguyen JKD, Pacini A, Pineda S, Pinto DA, Rebimbas J, Stepien KE, Teran C, Elner SG, Bernard H, Fournier L, Godsey L, Goings L, Hackel R, Hesselgrave M, Jayasundera KT, Prusak R, Titus P, Bergeron M, Blosser R, Brown R, Chrisman-McClure C, Gothrup JR, Saxe SJ, Sizemore D, Kempen JH, Berger J, Drossner S, DuPont JC, Maguire AM, Petner J, Engelhard S, Hopkins T, McCall D, McRay M, Will D, Xu W, Lo J, Salvo R, Windsor E, Weeney L, Pavan PR, Albritton K, Leto J, Madow B, Mayor L, Pautler SE, Saxon W, Soto J, Goldstein B, Klukoff A, Lambright L, McDonald K, Ortiz M, Scymanky S, Szalay DD, Rao N, Davis T, Douglass J, Linton J, Padilla M, Ramos S, Aguirre A, Chong L, Cisneros L, Corona E, Eliott D, Fawzi A, Garcia J, Khurana R, Lim J, Mead R, Tsai JH, Vitale A, Bernstein PS, Carlstrom B, Gilman J, Hanseen S, Morris P, Ramirez D, Wegner K, Sheppard JD, Anthony B, Casper A, Felix-Kent L, Fernandez J, Johnson T, Scoper SV, Cole RD, Crawford N, Franklin L, Hamelin K, Martin J, Marx R, Schultz G, Webb J, Yeager P, Kim RY, Benz MS, Brown DM, Chen E, Fish RH, Kegley E, Shawver L, Wong TP, De La Garza R, Friday (Hay) S, Mutz K, Rao PK, Adcock E, Apte RS, Baladenski A, Curtis R, Gould S, Hebden A, Kambarian J, Meyer C, Pistorius S, Quinn M, Rathert G, Blinder KJ, Hartz A, Light P, Shah GK, VanGelder R, Jabs DA, Altaweel MM, Kempen JH, Kurinij N, Jabs DA, Almanzor RD, Altaweel MM, Brown D, Dunn JP, Holland GN, Kempen JH, Kim RY, Kurinij N, Prusakowski N, Thorne JE, Bolton SG, Brune LM, Clark T, Gilman J, Hubbard L, Martin DF, Nussenblatt RB, Wittes J, Barlow WE, Hochberg M, Lyon AT, Palestine AG, Simon LS, Altaweel MM, Kurinij N, Rosenbaum JT, Smith H, Kempen JH, Jaffe GJ, Davis J, Dunn JP, Martin DF, Thorne J, Vitale A, Thorne JE, Acharya NR, Kempen JH, Latkany PA, Vitale AT, Nussenblatt RB, VanGelder R, Almanzor RD, Boring JA, Gibbs D, Lee S, Prusakowski N, Thorne JE, Alexander J, Ng WP, Friedman DS, Adler A, Alexander J, Burke A, Katz J, Kempen JH, Prusakowski N, Reed S, Ansari H, Cohen N, Modak S, Ng WP, Sugar EA, Burke AE, Drye LT, Van Natta ML, Frick K, Katz J, Louis TA, Modak S, Shade D, Jabs DA, Pascual K, Slutsky-Sanon JS, Glomp C, Nieves MA, Stevens M, Allen A, Hilal Y, Holbrook JT, Abreu F, Burke A, Casper AS, Drye LT, Ewing C, Friedman DS, Hart A, Lears A, Li S, Meinert J, Morrison V, Nowakowski D, Prusakowski N, Reyes G, Shade DM, Smith J, Steuernagle K, Van Natta M, Venugopal V, Yu T, Adler A, Alexander J, Boring J, Chen P, Cohen N, Collins K, Dodge J, Frick KD, Jackson R, Jimenez C, Katz J, Landers A, Livingston H, Louis TA, Meinert CL, Modak S, Ng WP, Rayapudi S, Shen W, Shiflett C, Smith R, Tieman A, Tonascia JA, Zheng R, Altaweel MM, Allan J, Benz WK, Domalpally A, Johnson KA, Myers DJ, Pak JW, Reed S, Reimers JL, Christianson DJ, Chambers G, Fleischli MA, Freund J, Glander KE, Goulding A, Gama V, Gangaputra S, Hafford D, Harris SE, Hubbard LD, Joyce JM, Kruse CN, Nagle L, Remm A, Padden-Lechten GE, Pohlman A, Shaw RA, Sivesind P, Thayer D, Treichel E, Warren KJ, Watson SM, Webster MK, White JK, Wilhelmson T, Zhang G. Dissociations of the Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow-up Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 164:29-36. [PMID: 26748056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe fluocinolone acetonide implant dissociations in the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial with extended follow-up. METHODS Review of data collected on the first implant in the eye(s) of participants. Dissociation was defined as the drug pellet no longer being affixed to the strut and categorized as spontaneous or surgically related. RESULTS A total of 250 eyes (146 patients) had at least 1 implant placed. Median follow-up time after implant placement was 6 years (range 0.5-9.2 years). Thirty-four dissociations were reported in 30 participants. There were 22 spontaneous events in 22 participants; 6-year cumulative risk of a spontaneous dissociation was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4%-9.1%). The earliest event occurred 4.8 years after placement. Nine of 22 eyes with data had a decline in visual acuity ≥5 letters temporally related to the dissociation. Thirty-nine implant removal surgeries were performed, 33 with replacement. Twelve dissociations were noted during implant removal surgeries in 10 participants (26%, 95% CI 15%-48%); 5 of these eyes had a decline in visual acuity ≥5 letters after surgery. The time from implant placement to removal surgery was longer for the surgeries at which dissociated implants were identified than for those without one (5.7 vs 3.7 years, P < .001). Overall, visual acuity declined 15 or more letters from pre-implant values in 22% of affected eyes; declines were frequently associated with complications of uveitis or its treatment. CONCLUSION There is an increasing risk of dissociation of Retisert implants during follow-up; the risk is greater with removal/exchange surgeries, but the risk of both spontaneous and surgically related events increases with longevity of the implants. In 22% of affected eyes visual acuity declined by 15 letters. In the context of eyes with moderate to severe uveitis for years, this rate is not unexpected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hodgson
- Academic Orthopaedics, University of Nottingham, UK Corobeus Sports Consultancy Ltd, UK
| | - J Patricios
- Sports Concussion South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa The Section of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa The Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hodgson L, Borowska A, Singer A, Bernie P, Potts J, Congleton J. S31 Predicting Death Or Deterioration In Patients Admitted With Acute Exacerbation Of Copd Using Physiological And Blood Parameters. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Broe R, Rasmussen ML, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, Olsen BS, Mortensen HB, Hodgson L, Wong TY, Peto T, Grauslund J. Retinal vessel calibers predict long-term microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987). Diabetes 2014; 63:3906-14. [PMID: 24914239 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy cause significant morbidity in patients with type 1 diabetes, even though improvements in treatment modalities delay the appearance and reduce the severity of these complications. To prevent or further delay the onset, it is necessary to better understand common underlying pathogenesis and to discover preclinical biomarkers of these complications. Retinal vessel calibers have been associated with the presence of microvascular complications, but their long-term predictive value has only been sparsely investigated. We examined retinal vessel calibers as 16-year predictors of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy in a young population-based Danish cohort with type 1 diabetes. We used semiautomated computer software to analyze vessel diameters on baseline retinal photos. Calibers of all vessels coursing through a zone 0.5-1 disc diameter from the disc margin were measured and summarized as the central artery and vein equivalents. In multiple regression analyses, we found wider venular diameters and smaller arteriolar diameters were both predictive of the 16-year development of nephropathy, neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy. Early retinal vessel caliber changes are seemingly early markers of microvascular processes, precede the development of microvascular complications, and are a potential noninvasive predictive test on future risk of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Broe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Clinical Research Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark OPEN (Odense Patient data Explorative Network), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malin L Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Clinical Research Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frydkjaer-Olsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Clinical Research Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birthe S Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics E, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik B Mortensen
- Department of Pediatrics E, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tunde Peto
- Clinical Research Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, U.K
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Clinical Research Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Thomas GN, Ong SY, Tham YC, Hsu W, Lee ML, Lau QP, Tay W, Alessi-Calandro J, Hodgson L, Kawasaki R, Wong TY, Cheung CY. Measurement of Macular Fractal Dimension Using a Computer-Assisted Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:2237-43. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Thomas
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Shin-Yeu Ong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 3Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wynne Hsu
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mong Li Lee
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wanting Tay
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Jessica Alessi-Calandro
- Center for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Center for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Center for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia 5Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Carol Y. Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 3Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 6Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-
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Hodgson L, Bax S, Montefort M, Zahra J, Venn R, Ranu H, Congleton J. S68 The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) & iatrogenic harm - could the NEWS for COPD patients be improved? Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Roh-Johnson M, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Patsialou A, Sharma VP, Guo P, Liu H, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Macrophage contact induces RhoA GTPase signaling to trigger tumor cell intravasation. Oncogene 2013; 33:4203-12. [PMID: 24056963 PMCID: PMC3962803 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer patients die as a result of metastasis, thus it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of dissemination, including intra- and extravasation. Although the mechanisms of extravasation have been vastly studied in vitro and in vivo, the process of intravasation is still unclear. Furthermore, how cells in the tumor microenvironment facilitate tumor cell intravasation is still unknown. Using high-resolution imaging, we found that macrophages enhance tumor cell intravasation upon physical contact. Macrophage and tumor cell contact induce RhoA activity in tumor cells, triggering the formation of actin-rich degradative protrusions called invadopodia, enabling tumor cells to degrade and break through matrix barriers during tumor cell transendothelial migration. Interestingly, we show that macrophage-induced invadopodium formation and tumor cell intravasation also occur in patient-derived tumor cells and in vivo models, revealing a conserved mechanism of tumor cell intravasation. Our results illustrate a novel heterotypic cell contact mediated signaling role for RhoA, as well as yield mechanistic insight into the ability of cells within the tumor microenvironment to facilitate steps of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roh-Johnson
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J J Bravo-Cordero
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Patsialou
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - V P Sharma
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P Guo
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - H Liu
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Hodgson
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Condeelis
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sasaki M, Gan WL, Kawasaki R, Hodgson L, Lee KY, Wong TY, Lamoureux E, Robman L, Guymer R. Effect of simvastatin on retinal vascular caliber: the Age-Related Maculopathy Statin Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e418-9. [PMID: 23844862 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kokavec J, Hodgson L, Sherwin JC. Global health training and postgraduate medical education in Australia: the case for greater integration. Med J Aust 2013; 199:101. [PMID: 23879504 DOI: 10.5694/mja13.10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Puschendorf R, Hodgson L, Alford RA, Skerratt LF, VanDerWal J. Underestimated ranges and overlooked refuges from amphibian chytridiomycosis. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lee F. Skerratt
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville; Qld 4811; Australia
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Davies-Tuck ML, Kawasaki R, Wluka AE, Wong TY, Hodgson L, English DR, Giles GG, Cicuttini F. The relationship between retinal vessel calibre and knee cartilage and BMLs. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:255. [PMID: 23256620 PMCID: PMC3540009 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether the increase in vascular disease prevalence and mortality in OA populations is a result of co-occurrence of cardiovascular disease and OA, which are both common in the older population, is due to OA treatments or to the common association with reduced physical activity and/or obesity is unclear. One way to explore this non-invasively is to examine the cross-sectional relationship between changes in retinal microvasculature, which have been shown to be markers of generalized vascular pathology, and knee structural changes in an asymptomatic community-based population. Methods A community sample of 289 (61% women) aged 50–79 years with no knee symptoms underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their dominant knee in 2003. Cartilage volume and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) were determined. All subjects also had retinal photographs taken from which retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were determined and summarized as the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). Results Retinal venular diameter was significantly wider in subjects with a BML compared with subjects without a BML (mean (SD) 214.2 (2.8) μm versus 207.5 (1.1) μm respectively independent of age, gender and BMI. A trend for decreased medial tibial cartilage with increasing CRAE was also observed (regression coefficient −2.70 μl, 95%CI-5.74, 0.5, p=0.08). Conclusion These findings suggest that vascular pathology, indicative of inflammatory processes, is associated with early structural knee changes. The role of micro-vascular changes in the pathogenesis of OA warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Davies-Tuck
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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Hao H, Sasongko MB, Wong TY, Azemin MZC, Aliahmad B, Hodgson L, Kawasaki R, Cheung CY, Wang JJ, Kumar DK. Does Retinal Vascular Geometry Vary with Cardiac Cycle? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 53:5799-805. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hao
- From the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Australia; the
| | - Muhammad B. Sasongko
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the4Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; the5Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin
- From the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Australia; the6Department of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia; the
| | - Behzad Aliahmad
- From the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Australia; the
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the
| | - Carol Y. Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; the5Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the8Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dinesh K. Kumar
- From the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Australia; the
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Cheung N, Saw SM, Liew G, Liu EY, Hodgson L, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Childhood Vascular Risk Factors and Retinal Vessel Caliber. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2012; 1:193-7. [PMID: 26107471 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e31825e4d79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in retinal vessel caliber have been associated with risk of ocular and systemic vascular diseases in adults. In this study, we examined the relationships between childhood vascular risk factors and retinal vessel caliber in young healthy adolescents. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of 1225 adolescents recruited from 3 community-based schools in Singapore. METHODS Blood pressure and anthropometry measurements were obtained through standardized examinations. Birth weight was ascertained from health records completed by medical personnel soon after birth. Retinal vessel caliber was measured from retinal photographs using a semiautomated computer-based program following a validated standardized protocol. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and other relevant factors, each SD increase in blood pressure levels (systolic or diastolic) was associated with narrower arteriolar caliber (1.61 μm; P < 0.001); each SD increase in body mass index was associated with narrower arteriolar caliber (1.49 μm; P < 0.001) and wider venular caliber (2.68 μm; P < 0.001), and each SD decrease in birth weight was associated with narrower arteriolar caliber (1.31 μm; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Young adolescents with elevated blood pressure, obesity, or low birth weight have changes in retinal vessel caliber that are associated with ocular and systemic vascular diseases in adulthood. These findings provide evidence of possible adverse effects of childhood vascular risk factors on the retinal microvasculature early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheung
- From the *Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia; †Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ‡Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; §Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and ¶Centre for Vision Research, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Abom
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Kris Bell
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
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Hodgson L, Doffman S, Baldock E, Sharma N, Messenger J. 84 Investigating and managing patients with pleural disease within an ambulatory care setting to prevent hospital admissions. Lung Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(12)70085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Morgan HK, Hodgson L, Baldock E, Doffman SR. P195 Outcomes in emergency admissions with lung cancer: a 1-year perspective from a teaching hospital. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hodgson L, Fairhurst A, Thorburn P, Frew AF, Doffman SR. P127 Improving smoking cessation advice through the implementation of a quality improvement intervention. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Salama JK, Hodgson L, Pang H, Green MR, Urbanic JJ, Blackstock AW, Crawford J, Bogart J, Vokes EE. Predictors of pulmonary toxicity in limited-stage (LS) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy (CTX) and high-dose (70 Gy) daily radiotherapy (RT): A pooled analysis of three CALGB studies. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hodgson L, Doffman S, Messenger J, Mason L. 60 The use of distress scores in a dedicated lung cancer clinic. Lung Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(11)70060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grauslund J, Green A, Kawasaki R, Hodgson L, Sjølie AK, Wong TY. Retinal Vascular Fractals and Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:1400-5. [PMID: 20176399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Edelman MJ, Hodgson L, Wang XF, Christenson R, Vokes EE, Kratzke RA. Serum VEGF and COX-2/5LOX inhibition in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 150304. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Grauslund J, Hodgson L, Kawasaki R, Green A, Sjølie AK, Wong TY. Retinal vessel calibre and micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2213-7. [PMID: 19618163 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between retinal vascular calibre and micro- and macrovascular complications in a population-based cohort of Danish type 1 diabetic patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 208 long-surviving type 1 diabetic patients from a population-based Danish cohort. Retinal photographs were obtained at a clinical examination attended by each participant in 2007-2008, and retinal vascular calibre was measured and summarised as the central retinal artery or vein equivalent (CRAE or CRVE) using a computer-based program and a standardised protocol. Associations between retinal vascular calibre and micro- and macrovascular complications were examined after adjusting for confounding clinical characteristics. RESULTS Retinal photographs were gradable for 188 of 208 patients (90.3%). The median age and duration of diabetes for patients with gradable photos were 57.9 and 42 years, respectively. After multivariate adjustments, individuals with narrower retinal arterioles were more likely to have nephropathy (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.29-3.68, per SD decrease in CRAE) and macrovascular disease (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.59-6.34, per SD decrease in CRAE), but not neuropathy (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.70-1.71, per SD decrease in CRAE). Retinal venular calibre was not associated with any micro- or macrovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In type 1 diabetic patients, retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with nephropathy and macrovascular disease independently of other clinical characteristics. If supported by further prospective studies, measurement of retinal vessel diameter may allow a non-invasive evaluation of the risk of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
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Sun C, Zhu G, Wong TY, Hewitt AW, Ruddle JB, Hodgson L, Montgomery GW, Young TL, Hammond CJ, Craig JE, Martin NG, He M, Mackey DA. Quantitative genetic analysis of the retinal vascular caliber: the Australian Twins Eye Study. Hypertension 2009; 54:788-95. [PMID: 19687348 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.132902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research into the genetic effects and specific genes associated with retinal vascular caliber, a risk marker of cardiovascular diseases, may provide new insights into the genetic contribution of early microvascular disease. A combined 374 monozygotic and 536 dizygotic twin pairs and 322 siblings from the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including retinal photography, and bilateral retinal vascular caliber was measured. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritability. Genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted on 836 individuals from 381 Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study families, with adjustments for age, sex, and other covariates. The heritabilities for the retinal arteriolar caliber were 59.4% (95% CI: 53.2% to 64.7%) and 56.5% (95% CI: 50.1% to 61.9%) in the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study, respectively, and for venular caliber they were 61.7% (95% CI: 55.6% to 67.0%) and 64.2% (95% CI: 58.7% to 68.8%), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Two multipoint peaks detected on chromosomes 3p12.3 and 8p23.1 for retinal arteriolar caliber had suggestive linkage, with the highest multipoint peak logarithm of odds score of 2.24 on chromosome 8p23.1 (genome-wide P=7.0 x 10(-4)). Two suggestive logarithm of odds scores for venular caliber were identified on chromosomes 2p14 and 9q21.13. The largest multipoint logarithm of odds score was 2.69 on chromosome 2p14 (genome-wide P=2.0 x 10(-4)). In this large twin population, genetic factors appear to play a significant role in the variation of retinal vascular caliber. Several putative loci were identified for the retinal vascular caliber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 1/32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Rosenblatt PY, Edelman MJ, Christenson RH, Hodgson L, Wang X, Kratzke R, Vokes E. CYFRA 21–1 (CYFRA) as a prognostic and predictive marker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): CALGB 150304. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11020 Background: Cytokeratin 19 and its soluble fragment CYFRA have been studied as markers that may correlate with response to therapy and survival in NSCLC. As part of CALGB 30203, a randomized trial of carboplatin/gemcitabine with eicosanoid modulators (celecoxib, zileuton or both) in advanced NSCLC (Edelman JCO 2008), serum CYFRA levels were obtained prior to and during treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation of CYFRA as a predictive and prognostic marker and to confirm a previous finding that a 27% reduction in CYFRA after one cycle (21 days) of treatment correlated with a longer survival (Vollmer Clin Ca Res, 2003). Methods: Paired specimens were available from 88 patients. CYFRA was measured at baseline and after cycles 1 and 2 using an electrochemoluminescent assay (Roche Diagnostics) on the ElecSys 2010 system as previously described. Using logarithm of the initial concentration and logarithm of the difference in concentrations, we analyzed these in relation to overall survival (OS) and failure free survival (FFS). Results: 1. Lower baseline CYFRA levels were associated with both longer overall survival and failure free survival (p = <0.0001 and p=0.0045). 2. Larger reductions in CYFRA levels correlated to longer overall survival and failure-free survival (p=0.0254 and p=0.0298). 3.We failed to replicate that a drop of >27% in CYFRA levels had statistical significance in overall or failure free survival (p=0.6489 and p=0.9636). Conclusions: CYFRA and change in CYFRA appear to be reliable markers in predicting the response to chemotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer; however, a precise threshold to mark response has yet to be determined. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Y. Rosenblatt
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. J. Edelman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R. H. Christenson
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Hodgson
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R. Kratzke
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. Vokes
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Stinchcombe TE, Hodgson L, Herndon JE, Kelley MJ, Cicchetti M, Ramnath N, Niell HB, Atkins JN, Green MR, Vokes EE. Clinical factors predictive of overall survival (OS) and the identification of prognostic groups in patients (pts) with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemoradiotherapy on Cancer and Leukemia and Group B trial (CALGB) 39801. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7535 Background: CALGB 39801 was designed to test whether treatment with induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (arm B) would improve OS in comparison to identical chemoradiotherapy alone (arm A), and demonstrated no significant benefit in OS for induction therapy. The objective of this analysis was to identify factors predictive of OS, and to use relevant factors to dichotomize pts into prognostic groups. Methods: Between July 1998 and May 2002, 331 pts were studied and included in a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis investigating previously identified prognostic factors: age (< 70 vs. ≥ 70 years), gender, race/ethnicity, hemoglobin (hgb) (< 13 vs. ≥13), performance status (PS) (0 vs.1), pretreatment weight loss (wt loss) (<5% vs. ≥ 5%), and treatment arm. Results: Cox regression analysis identified weight loss ≥ 5%, age ≥ 70, PS of 1, and hgb < 13 as predictive of worse survival (p<0.05), but not treatment arm (p=0.55). The median survival for pts with 0 (n=66), 1 (n=100), 2 (n=100), or ≥ 3 (n=65) risk factors were 24, 18, 10, and 8 months, respectively (p=0.0001). The pts were dichotomized into “poor prognosis” (PP) defined as ≥2 factors (n=165) and “good prognosis” (GP) defined as ≤ 1 factors (n=166). The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival for the PP in comparison GP was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.49 to 2.37; p-value < 0.0001); the median survival times (MST) observed were 9 and 18 months, respectively (p<0.0001). The reasons for discontinuing treatment, and the rates of hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events were similar between the two groups. In the PP group the OS was similar between arms A (n=82) and B (n=83) (HR=0.97, 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.4; p=0.34); MST of 8.7 and 9.5 months, respectively. In the GP the OS was similar between arms A (n=79) and B (n=87) (HR=0.86, 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.1; p=0.87); MST of 19.3 and 17.6 months, respectively. Conclusions: Factors predictive of OS can be used to dichotomize pts into prognostic groups. Induction chemotherapy was not beneficial in either prognostic group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Stinchcombe
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Hodgson
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. E. Herndon
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. J. Kelley
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Cicchetti
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N. Ramnath
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - H. B. Niell
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. N. Atkins
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. R. Green
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Tennessee Memphis, Memphis, NC; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Govindan R, Bogart J, Wang X, Hodgson L, Kratzke R, Vokes EE. Phase II study of pemetrexed, carboplatin, and thoracic radiation with or without cetuximab in patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: CALGB 30407. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7505 Background: Cisplatin, etoposide and concurrent thoracic radiation has remained the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past two decades. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted a phase II study using a novel chemotherapy regimen administered in systemically active doses with thoracic radiation (CALGB 30407). We previously reported the preliminary safety results (ASCO 2008, abstract 7518). Methods: Eligible patients with previously untreated stage III NSCLC received thoracic radiation (70 Gy) along with carboplatin (AUC 5) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 on day 1 administered intravenously every 21 days for 4 cycles (arm A) or the same chemotherapy regimen with weekly cetuximab for 6 weeks concurrent with radiation (arm B). All patients received four additional cycles of pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 every 21 days) as consolidation therapy. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who lived longer than 18 months after starting initial treatment. We planned to study the regimen (s) further if the 18 month survival rates equaled or exceeded 55%. Results: Characteristics of the 99 eligible pts (48 in arm A and 51 arm B) enrolled from 09/05 to 1/08: male 62%, 22% were 70 yrs or older. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (46% in Arm A and 41% in Arm B). Updated toxicity data (grade 3 or greater, %) by arms (arm A/arm B) for 106 pts: neutropenia 40/47; febrile neutropenia 8/6, thrombocytopenia 36/34, nausea/vomiting 8/10, esophagitis 32/24, skin rash 2/21 and fatigue 22/17. The median follow up time is 17 months. Preliminary efficacy data by arms (arm A/arm B) for 99 pts: complete or partial response 73% (95% CI 59–83)/71% (95% CI 57–81%), median failure free survival (months) 12.9 (95% CI 8.6–18.0)/10.3 (95% CI 8.7–18.9); 18 month survival 57% (95% CI 41–79)/47% (95% CI 33–67) and median survival (months) 22.3/18.7. Conclusions: The combination of pemetrexed, carboplatin and thoracic radiation has met the protocol-specified criteria for further study. Although it does not appear that the addition of cetuximab confers additional benefit in this setting, further follow-up is necessary. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Govindan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Bogart
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Hodgson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R. Kratzke
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; State University of New York, New York, NY; Duke University, Durham, NC; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Janne PA, Wang XF, Krug LM, Hodgson L, Vokes EE, Kindler HL. Sorafenib in malignant mesothelioma (MM): A phase II trial of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 30307). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7707 Background: Systemic chemotherapy with cisplatin/pemetrexed is the approved first line treatment regimen for patients with MM. There is no approved second line therapy. In addition, many patients, especially those >70, cannot tolerate combination chemotherapy. Angiogenesis inhibitors have emerged as attractive potential therapies for MM and SU5416 and PTK787 have previously demonstrated single agent activity. We examined the efficacy of sorafenib, an inhibitor of VEGFR2 and PDGFR-b, in chemotherapy naïve and previously treated patients with MM. Methods: This was an open label single arm phase II study of sorafenib in chemotherapy naïve and previously pemetrexed treated patients with MM. Primary end point was response rate (RR). Secondary objectives were 3-month failure free and overall survival (FFS and OS). Forty-four (44) eligible patients were expected to enroll to differentiate a RR of <5% versus >20%, with a Type I error of 0.0675 and a power of 0.955 Results: Between 10/04 and 8/05, 51 patients were enrolled and treated with sorafenib 400 mg bid. One cycle was defined as 28 days; restaging occurred every 2 cycles. Baseline demographics: M/F (36/15); Median age (69; range 36–88; 45% >70); Histology (epithelial/sarcomatoid/mixed/unknown: 37/4/8/2); pleural/peritoneal MM (46/5); ECOG PS 0/1 (11/40); chemo-naive/prior chemo (20/31). Grade 3/4 toxicities occurring in >10% of patients: Fatigue (12 (25%); 11/1) and hand-foot reaction (6 (13%); 6/0). No study related deaths occurred. Estimates of RR and FFS are based on 47 patients with available follow-up data. Response: CR: 0; PR 2: 4% (95% CI; 1- 14%); SD 28 (60%); PD 11 (23%); unevaluable 6 (14%). Three month FFS was 78%; median FFS was 3.7 months and median OS was 10.7 months. The median FFS were 3.6 and 3.6 months and the median OS were 4.9 and 14.6 months in chemo naïve and previously treated patients, respectively. Conclusions: Sorafenib demonstrated modest activity in this phase II trial but did not meet its primary endpoint. The improved outcome in previously treated patients likely reflects patient selection. Ongoing correlative science studies including expression of p-ERK 1/2, baseline VEGF and PDGF levels, are being performed to help identify patient subsets who may benefit (PR or SD) from sorafenib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Janne
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. F. Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. M. Krug
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Hodgson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - H. L. Kindler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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46
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Powers PS, Kolodney E, Hodgson L, Ziegler G, Reisler H, Wittig C. Effect of surface temperature on collision-induced dissociation of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-2-nitrosopropene scattered from magnesium oxide (100), gallium arsenide (100), and silver (111). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100174a064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Abstract
We have investigated cellular Ca2+ regulation during A2058 human melanoma cell chemotaxis to type IV collagen (CIV). We have identified alpha2beta1-integrin as the primary mediator of A2058 cell response to CIV in vitro. Integrin ligation initiated a characteristic intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) response consisting of an internal release and a receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry. Thapsigargin (TG) pretreatment drained overlapping and CIV-inducible internal Ca2+ stores while initiating a store-operated Ca2+ release (SOCR). CIV-mediated Ca2+ entry was additive to TG-SOCR, suggesting an independent signaling mechanism. Similarly, ionophore application in a basal medium containing Ca2+ initiated a sustained influx. Elevated [Ca2+]i from TG-SOCR or ionophore significantly attenuated cell migration to CIV by recruiting the Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, low [Ca2+]i induced by EGTA application in the presence of ionophore fully restored cell motility to CIV. Together, these results suggest that [Ca2+]i signaling accompanying A2058 cell response to alpha2beta1-integrin ligation is neither necessary nor sufficient and that elevated [Ca2+]i downregulates cell motility via a calcineurin-mediated mechanism in A2058 cell chemotaxis to CIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hodgson
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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48
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pain relief, sedation, and common side effect profiles of ketorolac tromethamine and meperidine for the management of acute pain in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted over a 12-month period using consecutive adult patients presenting to a university teaching hospital ED (annual census: 32,000), who required IM analgesia for acute pain. Adult patients with acute pain of various etiologies were randomly assigned to receive a single fixed IM dose of ketorolac (60 mg) or meperidine (100 mg). RESULTS Ninety-three patients were enrolled in the study; 46 were randomized to meperidine and 47 to ketorolac. Using a visual analog scale, there was no difference in pain relief between the ketorolac and meperidine groups even after adjusting for baseline pain level. Ketorolac caused significantly (p < 0.005) less sedation than did meperidine at one hour. Rescue analgesia was required for seven of the 46 (15.2%) patients receiving meperidine and five of the 47 (10.6%) patients receiving ketorolac (p = NS). Seventeen of 45 (38%) patients receiving meperidine experienced side effects compared with eight of the 47 (17%) patients receiving ketorolac (p = 0.0452). CONCLUSIONS When used to treat patients who had acute pain states, 60 mg of IM ketorolac produced analgesia similar to that produced by 100 mg of IM meperidine; however, the ketorolac produced fewer subjective side effects and less sedation than did the meperidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Koenig
- Highland Hospital Emergency Department, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
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49
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Ferkel H, Hodgson L, Singleton JT, Blass PM, Reisler H, Wittig C. 365 nm photon‐induced dynamics of ClNO adsorbed on MgO(100). J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
The 365 nm pulsed laser photolysis of nitrosyl chloride adsorbed on a rough MgO(100) surface at 90 K has been studied. Mass spectrometric detection was used to record time-of-flight (TOF) spectra by monitoring Cl+ and NO+. These ions can derive from parent ClNO, which fragments completely in the mass spectrometer, as well as from Cl and NO photofragments. The TOF distributions are considerably slower than for the corresponding gas phase photodissociation process. NO was also detected state selectively by using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), and a channel corresponding to direct adsorbate photolysis was identified. The state selective detection of NO molecules that emerge from the surface following photolysis shows unambiguously that their rotational degrees of freedom reflect the surface temperature (Trot = 100−140 K), even at low coverages. At similar photolysis wavelengths, gas phase ClNO photodissociation is known to produce highly rotationally excited NO with a distinctive non-statistical distribution peaked at J″ = 46.5. Our studies suggest that, contrary to the gas-phase photolysis results, Cl and NO are not ejected rapidly following photolysis of surface-bound species on a repulsive potential energy surface. We postulate that ClNO grows in islands, with MgO defect sites serving as nucleation centers. Photofragment rotational and translational excitations are quenched efficiently due to strong attractive interactions that equilibrate NO to the surface temperature. Desorption of intact ClNO may also take place, but following (i.e., not during) the photolysis pulse. Such desorbed species can contribute to the TOF spectra, but not the REMPI spectra.
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