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Blazé KSR, Xu H, Buchanan L, Baur LA, Wen LM. Parental smoking in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 64:28-35. [PMID: 37463865 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months followed by ongoing breastfeeding to 12 months and beyond is associated with multiple benefits for both mother and child. Maternal smoking is associated with a reduction in breastfeeding. Little is known about the effect of partner smoking on breastfeeding. AIMS This study explores the smoking behaviour of mothers and their partners in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary data analysis using survey data on 1155 mothers from their third trimester of pregnancy and at six, 12 and 24 months after delivery. Survey questions included smoking status of both mother and partner and breastfeeding intention and practice. Logistic regression models were conducted at each time point. FINDINGS Where the mother or both parents smoke, babies were less likely to be breastfed at six months of age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) compared with families where neither parent smoked. Non-smoking mothers with smoking partners were less likely to intend to breastfeed (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.82) and their babies were less likely to be breastfed at six and 12 months of age (aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98 and 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95 respectively). There was no difference in breastfeeding behaviour between smoking and non-smoking parents at 24 months. CONCLUSION Smoking parents are less likely to breastfeed their babies at ages six and 12 months. Breastfeeding promotion should target both smoking mothers and smoking partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine S R Blazé
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Women's and Children's Unit, Victorian Aboriginal Health Service, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service (VFPMS), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Xu H, Buchanan L, Wang Y, Phongsavan P, Baur LA, Wen LM. Associations of dietary and sedentary behaviours of pregnant women with their children's birth weight: findings from the CHAT trial in Australia. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2859-2867. [PMID: 37842791 PMCID: PMC10755386 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of pregnant women's dietary and sedentary behaviours with their children's birth weight. DESIGN Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial, Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone, conducted in Australia. Information on mothers' socio-demographics, dietary and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy was collected by telephone survey at the third trimester. Birth weight data were extracted from the child's health record book. Multinomial logistic regression models were built to examine the associations of pregnant women's dietary and sedentary behaviours with children's birth weight. SETTING Participating families. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women and their children. RESULTS A total of 1132 mother-child dyads were included in the analysis. The majority of infants (87 %, n 989) were of normal birth weight (2500 g to <4000 g), 4 % (n 50) had low birth weight (<2500 g) and 8 % (n 93) had macrosomia (≥4000 g). Mothers who ate processed meat during pregnancy were more likely to have macrosomia (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 1·80, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·89)). The risk of macrosomia decreased as the number of dietary recommendations met by mothers increased (ARR 0·84, 95 % CI (0·71, 0·99)). Children's birth weight was not associated with mothers' sedentary time. Children's low birth weight was not associated with mothers' dietary and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Maternal consumption of processed meat during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. Increasing number of dietary recommendations met by mothers was associated with a lower risk of macrosomia. The findings suggested encouraging pregnancy women to meet dietary recommendation will benefit children's birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Wang
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Petrovic B, Martin R, Romero AM, Askounis P, Buchanan L, Rossi F, Bernat R, Alves JG. EURADOS ISO/IEC 17025 guidance for IMS: suggestions on how to interpret and implement the requirements including examples from accredited laboratories. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:1707-1709. [PMID: 37819287 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Individual monitoring of external radiation is an activity usually regulated by national regulatory bodies in most countries. Regulations generally contain technical requirements to be met by the individual monitoring services (IMS), in order to ensure that the measurements are correct and therefore the dosimetry results are reliable. In some countries, the requirements include or even consist of the accreditation of the service according to the standard ISO/IEC 17025: 'General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.' It is a fact that accreditation is a growing trend among European IMS as a way to guarantee confidence in their technical competence. The acceptance of the dosimetry results between countries and their indentation in the respective National Dose Registries is facilitated if laboratories conform to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. In the framework of the activities of EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) working group 2 'Harmonization of Individual Monitoring in Europe' and attending to the concern of many European IMS in the process of accreditation, a guide has been prepared. The purpose was to assist and encourage IMS to apply for accreditation and to share the authors' own experience with the process. The guide intends to be a practical reference for IMS on how to interpret and implement the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements to the specific activity of a personal dosimetry service for external radiation, emphasizing those aspects of special interest. It includes examples from dosimetry laboratories already accredited. The major novelties from a new edition of ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 are also identified in the guide. Finally, the guide aims to assist the auditing process, giving examples of auditor's questions and how to show evidence of compliance. The main findings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Petrovic
- Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska (PHIRS), Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - R Martin
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Askounis
- Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), Athens, Greece
| | - L Buchanan
- Atomic Weapon Establishment (AWE), Berkshire, UK
| | - F Rossi
- AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - R Bernat
- Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J G Alves
- University of Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wen LM, Xu H, Phongsavan P, Rissel C, Hayes A, Taki S, Buchanan L, Simone L, Moreton R, Baur LA. Twelve-month effectiveness of telephone and SMS support to mothers with children aged 2 years in reducing children's BMI: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:791-798. [PMID: 37087468 PMCID: PMC10121422 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Few quality intervention studies have assessed whether a combined telephone and short message service (SMS) intervention to mothers is effective in reducing BMI and obesity risk behaviors of children at 3 years of age. This study aimed to assess effectiveness of telephone and SMS support in reducing children's body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 662 women of 2-year-old children (with the proportion of overweight and obesity being similar to the general population) was conducted in Sydney, Australia, March 2019-October 2020. The mothers in the intervention group received three telephone support sessions plus SMS messages and mailed-intervention-booklets over a 12 months period i.e., 24-26, 28-30, and 32-34 months of the child's age. Mothers in the control group received usual care and two mailed booklets on information not related to the intervention. The primary outcome was child's BMI at 3 years of age. Secondary outcomes were children's dietary and activity behaviors. All outcome measures were based on mothers' self-report using standardized tools due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. RESULTS 537 (81%) mothers completed the post-intervention assessment at 3 years with only 470 (71%) children having weight and height measures. Multiple imputation analysis showed no statistically significant difference in mean BMI between the groups. Children in the intervention group were more likely not to eat in front of the TV [AOR 1.79 (95% CI 1.17-2.73), P = 0.008], more likely to meet the dietary recommendations [AOR 1.73 (95% CI 0.99-3.02), P = 0.054] and meet the activity recommendations [AOR 1.72 (95% CI 1.11-2.67), P = 0.015] than those in the control group respectively. Among those with an annual household income ( CONCLUSIONS A staged telephone and SMS support intervention to mothers with children aged 2 years was associated with improved dietary and activity behaviors. The intervention was also associated with reduced children's BMI at age 3 years only for those from lower income households. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12618001571268).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Rural and Remote Health, South Australia and Northern Territory, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Simone
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Moreton
- Population Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cheng Y, Xu H, Rissel C, Phongsavan P, Buchanan L, Taki S, Hayes A, Baur LA, Wen LM. Estimation and feasibility of correction modelling for mother-reported child height and weight at 2 years using data from the Australian CHAT trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21353. [PMID: 36494386 PMCID: PMC9734091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction modelling using reported BMI values has been employed in adolescent and adult populations to improve the accuracy of self-reporting. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of establishing correction modelling for mother-reported child height and weight at 2 years using data from an Australian trial in 2019. Correction modelling for BMI was conducted using mother-reported and objectively measured height and weight of 2-year-olds. Mother-reported height, weight and BMI values of 2-year-old children were adjusted based on objectively measured anthropometric data using linear regression models. 'Direct' and 'indirect' corrections were applied to the correction of BMI values. We defined the direct collection as using corrected BMI values that were predicted directly by the model and indirect correction as using corrected weight and height values to calculate corrected BMI values. Corrected BMI values via the indirect correction showed higher sensitivity or similar specificity in predicting overweight status, compared to the direct correction, and also showed higher agreement with measured values compared to the mother-reported measures. Corrected self-reported measures via an indirect correction had a better accuracy and agreement with the objectively measured data in the BMI values and classification of overweight, compared to the mother-reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- grid.489063.00000 0000 8855 3435Family Planning NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- grid.410692.80000 0001 2105 7653Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Rural and Remote Health SA and NT, Flinders University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- grid.410692.80000 0001 2105 7653Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- grid.410692.80000 0001 2105 7653Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSpecialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- grid.410692.80000 0001 2105 7653Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, Australia
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Amjad A, Xu J, Thill D, Kun T, Buchanan L, Zhang Y, Erickson B, Hall W, Li A. An MRI-Based Global Deep Learning Auto-Segmentation Model for Abdominal Organs. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Killedar A, Wen LM, Tan EJ, Marshall S, Taki S, Buchanan L, Rissel C, Xu H, Baur LA, Hayes A. Economic evaluation of the Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone trial for early childhood obesity prevention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2256-2264. [PMID: 36168138 PMCID: PMC9828236 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct an economic evaluation of the Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone (CHAT) trial to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS Cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted for the telephone and short message service (SMS) delivery of Healthy Beginnings advice, compared with usual care, which included child health services unrelated to Healthy Beginnings. Costs were valued in 2018 Australian dollars, and costs and outcomes were discounted at 5% per year. The costs of upscaling both delivery modes to all yearly births in New South Wales, Australia, were estimated and compared with the original Healthy Beginnings home-visiting intervention. RESULTS At child age 2 years, the SMS delivery was more cost-effective ($5154 per unit BMI and $979 per 0.1 BMI z score units avoided) than the telephone delivery ($10,665 per unit BMI and $2017 per 0.1 BMI z score units avoided). The costs of upscaling the SMS ($7.64 million) and the telephone delivery modes ($37.65 million) were lower than the home-visiting intervention ($108.45 million). CONCLUSIONS SMS delivery of Healthy Beginnings advice was more cost-effective than telephone delivery but less cost-effective than the original home-visiting approach ($4230 per unit BMI avoided, as calculated in an earlier study). Both the SMS and telephone interventions were more affordable than the home-visiting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Killedar
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eng Joo Tan
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah Marshall
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sarah Taki
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Child and Family HealthCommunity Health Services, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chris Rissel
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alison Hayes
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in ChildhoodAustralia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Proietti M, Romiti GF, Vitolo M, Harrison SL, Lane DA, Fauchier L, Marin F, Näbauer M, Potpara TS, Dan GA, Maggioni AP, Cesari M, Boriani G, Lip GYH, Ekmekçiu U, Paparisto V, Tase M, Gjergo H, Dragoti J, Goda A, Ciutea M, Ahadi N, el Husseini Z, Raepers M, Leroy J, Haushan P, Jourdan A, Lepiece C, Desteghe L, Vijgen J, Koopman P, Van Genechten G, Heidbuchel H, Boussy T, De Coninck M, Van Eeckhoutte H, Bouckaert N, Friart A, Boreux J, Arend C, Evrard P, Stefan L, Hoffer E, Herzet J, Massoz M, Celentano C, Sprynger M, Pierard L, Melon P, Van Hauwaert B, Kuppens C, Faes D, Van Lier D, Van Dorpe A, Gerardy A, Deceuninck O, Xhaet O, Dormal F, Ballant E, Blommaert D, Yakova D, Hristov M, Yncheva T, Stancheva N, Tisheva S, Tokmakova M, Nikolov F, Gencheva D, Shalganov T, Kunev B, Stoyanov M, Marchov D, Gelev V, Traykov V, Kisheva A, Tsvyatkov H, Shtereva R, Bakalska-Georgieva S, Slavcheva S, Yotov Y, Kubíčková M, Marni Joensen A, Gammelmark A, Hvilsted Rasmussen L, Dinesen P, Riahi S, Krogh Venø S, Sorensen B, Korsgaard A, Andersen K, Fragtrup Hellum C, Svenningsen A, Nyvad O, Wiggers P, May O, Aarup A, Graversen B, Jensen L, Andersen M, Svejgaard M, Vester S, Hansen S, Lynggaard V, Ciudad M, Vettus R, Muda P, Maestre A, Castaño S, Cheggour S, Poulard J, Mouquet V, Leparrée S, Bouet J, Taieb J, Doucy A, Duquenne H, Furber A, Dupuis J, Rautureau J, Font M, Damiano P, Lacrimini M, Abalea J, Boismal S, Menez T, Mansourati J, Range G, Gorka H, Laure C, Vassalière C, Elbaz N, Lellouche N, Djouadi K, Roubille F, Dietz D, Davy J, Granier M, Winum P, Leperchois-Jacquey C, Kassim H, Marijon E, Le Heuzey J, Fedida J, Maupain C, Himbert C, Gandjbakhch E, Hidden-Lucet F, Duthoit G, Badenco N, Chastre T, Waintraub X, Oudihat M, Lacoste J, Stephan C, Bader H, Delarche N, Giry L, Arnaud D, Lopez C, Boury F, Brunello I, Lefèvre M, Mingam R, Haissaguerre M, Le Bidan M, Pavin D, Le Moal V, Leclercq C, Piot O, Beitar T, Martel I, Schmid A, Sadki N, Romeyer-Bouchard C, Da Costa A, Arnault I, Boyer M, Piat C, Fauchier L, Lozance N, Nastevska S, Doneva A, Fortomaroska Milevska B, Sheshoski B, Petroska K, Taneska N, Bakrecheski N, Lazarovska K, Jovevska S, Ristovski V, Antovski A, Lazarova E, Kotlar I, Taleski J, Poposka L, Kedev S, Zlatanovik N, Jordanova S, Bajraktarova Proseva T, Doncovska S, Maisuradze D, Esakia A, Sagirashvili E, Lartsuliani K, Natelashvili N, Gumberidze N, Gvenetadze R, Etsadashvili K, Gotonelia N, Kuridze N, Papiashvili G, Menabde I, Glöggler S, Napp A, Lebherz C, Romero H, Schmitz K, Berger M, Zink M, Köster S, Sachse J, Vonderhagen E, Soiron G, Mischke K, Reith R, Schneider M, Rieker W, Boscher D, Taschareck A, Beer A, Oster D, Ritter O, Adamczewski J, Walter S, Frommhold A, Luckner E, Richter J, Schellner M, Landgraf S, Bartholome S, Naumann R, Schoeler J, Westermeier D, William F, Wilhelm K, Maerkl M, Oekinghaus R, Denart M, Kriete M, Tebbe U, Scheibner T, Gruber M, Gerlach A, Beckendorf C, Anneken L, Arnold M, Lengerer S, Bal Z, Uecker C, Förtsch H, Fechner S, Mages V, Martens E, Methe H, Schmidt T, Schaeffer B, Hoffmann B, Moser J, Heitmann K, Willems S, Willems S, Klaus C, Lange I, Durak M, Esen E, Mibach F, Mibach H, Utech A, Gabelmann M, Stumm R, Ländle V, Gartner C, Goerg C, Kaul N, Messer S, Burkhardt D, Sander C, Orthen R, Kaes S, Baumer A, Dodos F, Barth A, Schaeffer G, Gaertner J, Winkler J, Fahrig A, Aring J, Wenzel I, Steiner S, Kliesch A, Kratz E, Winter K, Schneider P, Haag A, Mutscher I, Bosch R, Taggeselle J, Meixner S, Schnabel A, Shamalla A, Hötz H, Korinth A, Rheinert C, Mehltretter G, Schön B, Schön N, Starflinger A, Englmann E, Baytok G, Laschinger T, Ritscher G, Gerth A, Dechering D, Eckardt L, Kuhlmann M, Proskynitopoulos N, Brunn J, Foth K, Axthelm C, Hohensee H, Eberhard K, Turbanisch S, Hassler N, Koestler A, Stenzel G, Kschiwan D, Schwefer M, Neiner S, Hettwer S, Haeussler-Schuchardt M, Degenhardt R, Sennhenn S, Steiner S, Brendel M, Stoehr A, Widjaja W, Loehndorf S, Logemann A, Hoskamp J, Grundt J, Block M, Ulrych R, Reithmeier A, Panagopoulos V, Martignani C, Bernucci D, Fantecchi E, Diemberger I, Ziacchi M, Biffi M, Cimaglia P, Frisoni J, Boriani G, Giannini I, Boni S, Fumagalli S, Pupo S, Di Chiara A, Mirone P, Fantecchi E, Boriani G, Pesce F, Zoccali C, Malavasi VL, Mussagaliyeva A, Ahyt B, Salihova Z, Koshum-Bayeva K, Kerimkulova A, Bairamukova A, Mirrakhimov E, Lurina B, Zuzans R, Jegere S, Mintale I, Kupics K, Jubele K, Erglis A, Kalejs O, Vanhear K, Burg M, Cachia M, Abela E, Warwicker S, Tabone T, Xuereb R, Asanovic D, Drakalovic D, Vukmirovic M, Pavlovic N, Music L, Bulatovic N, Boskovic A, Uiterwaal H, Bijsterveld N, De Groot J, Neefs J, van den Berg N, Piersma F, Wilde A, Hagens V, Van Es J, Van Opstal J, Van Rennes B, Verheij H, Breukers W, Tjeerdsma G, Nijmeijer R, Wegink D, Binnema R, Said S, Erküner Ö, Philippens S, van Doorn W, Crijns H, Szili-Torok T, Bhagwandien R, Janse P, Muskens A, van Eck M, Gevers R, van der Ven N, Duygun A, Rahel B, Meeder J, Vold A, Holst Hansen C, Engset I, Atar D, Dyduch-Fejklowicz B, Koba E, Cichocka M, Sokal A, Kubicius A, Pruchniewicz E, Kowalik-Sztylc A, Czapla W, Mróz I, Kozlowski M, Pawlowski T, Tendera M, Winiarska-Filipek A, Fidyk A, Slowikowski A, Haberka M, Lachor-Broda M, Biedron M, Gasior Z, Kołodziej M, Janion M, Gorczyca-Michta I, Wozakowska-Kaplon B, Stasiak M, Jakubowski P, Ciurus T, Drozdz J, Simiera M, Zajac P, Wcislo T, Zycinski P, Kasprzak J, Olejnik A, Harc-Dyl E, Miarka J, Pasieka M, Ziemińska-Łuć M, Bujak W, Śliwiński A, Grech A, Morka J, Petrykowska K, Prasał M, Hordyński G, Feusette P, Lipski P, Wester A, Streb W, Romanek J, Woźniak P, Chlebuś M, Szafarz P, Stanik W, Zakrzewski M, Kaźmierczak J, Przybylska A, Skorek E, Błaszczyk H, Stępień M, Szabowski S, Krysiak W, Szymańska M, Karasiński J, Blicharz J, Skura M, Hałas K, Michalczyk L, Orski Z, Krzyżanowski K, Skrobowski A, Zieliński L, Tomaszewska-Kiecana M, Dłużniewski M, Kiliszek M, Peller M, Budnik M, Balsam P, Opolski G, Tymińska A, Ozierański K, Wancerz A, Borowiec A, Majos E, Dabrowski R, Szwed H, Musialik-Lydka A, Leopold-Jadczyk A, Jedrzejczyk-Patej E, Koziel M, Lenarczyk R, Mazurek M, Kalarus Z, Krzemien-Wolska K, Starosta P, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Orzechowska A, Szpot M, Staszel M, Almeida S, Pereira H, Brandão Alves L, Miranda R, Ribeiro L, Costa F, Morgado F, Carmo P, Galvao Santos P, Bernardo R, Adragão P, Ferreira da Silva G, Peres M, Alves M, Leal M, Cordeiro A, Magalhães P, Fontes P, Leão S, Delgado A, Costa A, Marmelo B, Rodrigues B, Moreira D, Santos J, Santos L, Terchet A, Darabantiu D, Mercea S, Turcin Halka V, Pop Moldovan A, Gabor A, Doka B, Catanescu G, Rus H, Oboroceanu L, Bobescu E, Popescu R, Dan A, Buzea A, Daha I, Dan G, Neuhoff I, Baluta M, Ploesteanu R, Dumitrache N, Vintila M, Daraban A, Japie C, Badila E, Tewelde H, Hostiuc M, Frunza S, Tintea E, Bartos D, Ciobanu A, Popescu I, Toma N, Gherghinescu C, Cretu D, Patrascu N, Stoicescu C, Udroiu C, Bicescu G, Vintila V, Vinereanu D, Cinteza M, Rimbas R, Grecu M, Cozma A, Boros F, Ille M, Tica O, Tor R, Corina A, Jeewooth A, Maria B, Georgiana C, Natalia C, Alin D, Dinu-Andrei D, Livia M, Daniela R, Larisa R, Umaar S, Tamara T, Ioachim Popescu M, Nistor D, Sus I, Coborosanu O, Alina-Ramona N, Dan R, Petrescu L, Ionescu G, Popescu I, Vacarescu C, Goanta E, Mangea M, Ionac A, Mornos C, Cozma D, Pescariu S, Solodovnicova E, Soldatova I, Shutova J, Tjuleneva L, Zubova T, Uskov V, Obukhov D, Rusanova G, Soldatova I, Isakova N, Odinsova S, Arhipova T, Kazakevich E, Serdechnaya E, Zavyalova O, Novikova T, Riabaia I, Zhigalov S, Drozdova E, Luchkina I, Monogarova Y, Hegya D, Rodionova L, Rodionova L, Nevzorova V, Soldatova I, Lusanova O, Arandjelovic A, Toncev D, Milanov M, Sekularac N, Zdravkovic M, Hinic S, Dimkovic S, Acimovic T, Saric J, Polovina M, Potpara T, Vujisic-Tesic B, Nedeljkovic M, Zlatar M, Asanin M, Vasic V, Popovic Z, Djikic D, Sipic M, Peric V, Dejanovic B, Milosevic N, Stevanovic A, Andric A, Pencic B, Pavlovic-Kleut M, Celic V, Pavlovic M, Petrovic M, Vuleta M, Petrovic N, Simovic S, Savovic Z, Milanov S, Davidovic G, Iric-Cupic V, Simonovic D, Stojanovic M, Stojanovic S, Mitic V, Ilic V, Petrovic D, Deljanin Ilic M, Ilic S, Stoickov V, Markovic S, Kovacevic S, García Fernandez A, Perez Cabeza A, Anguita M, Tercedor Sanchez L, Mau E, Loayssa J, Ayarra M, Carpintero M, Roldán Rabadan I, Leal M, Gil Ortega M, Tello Montoliu A, Orenes Piñero E, Manzano Fernández S, Marín F, Romero Aniorte A, Veliz Martínez A, Quintana Giner M, Ballesteros G, Palacio M, Alcalde O, García-Bolao I, Bertomeu Gonzalez V, Otero-Raviña F, García Seara J, Gonzalez Juanatey J, Dayal N, Maziarski P, Gentil-Baron P, Shah D, Koç M, Onrat E, Dural IE, Yilmaz K, Özin B, Tan Kurklu S, Atmaca Y, Canpolat U, Tokgozoglu L, Dolu AK, Demirtas B, Sahin D, Ozcan Celebi O, Diker E, Gagirci G, Turk UO, Ari H, Polat N, Toprak N, Sucu M, Akin Serdar O, Taha Alper A, Kepez A, Yuksel Y, Uzunselvi A, Yuksel S, Sahin M, Kayapinar O, Ozcan T, Kaya H, Yilmaz MB, Kutlu M, Demir M, Gibbs C, Kaminskiene S, Bryce M, Skinner A, Belcher G, Hunt J, Stancombe L, Holbrook B, Peters C, Tettersell S, Shantsila A, Lane D, Senoo K, Proietti M, Russell K, Domingos P, Hussain S, Partridge J, Haynes R, Bahadur S, Brown R, McMahon S, Y H Lip G, McDonald J, Balachandran K, Singh R, Garg S, Desai H, Davies K, Goddard W, Galasko G, Rahman I, Chua Y, Payne O, Preston S, Brennan O, Pedley L, Whiteside C, Dickinson C, Brown J, Jones K, Benham L, Brady R, Buchanan L, Ashton A, Crowther H, Fairlamb H, Thornthwaite S, Relph C, McSkeane A, Poultney U, Kelsall N, Rice P, Wilson T, Wrigley M, Kaba R, Patel T, Young E, Law J, Runnett C, Thomas H, McKie H, Fuller J, Pick S, Sharp A, Hunt A, Thorpe K, Hardman C, Cusack E, Adams L, Hough M, Keenan S, Bowring A, Watts J, Zaman J, Goffin K, Nutt H, Beerachee Y, Featherstone J, Mills C, Pearson J, Stephenson L, Grant S, Wilson A, Hawksworth C, Alam I, Robinson M, Ryan S, Egdell R, Gibson E, Holland M, Leonard D, Mishra B, Ahmad S, Randall H, Hill J, Reid L, George M, McKinley S, Brockway L, Milligan W, Sobolewska J, Muir J, Tuckis L, Winstanley L, Jacob P, Kaye S, Morby L, Jan A, Sewell T, Boos C, Wadams B, Cope C, Jefferey P, Andrews N, Getty A, Suttling A, Turner C, Hudson K, Austin R, Howe S, Iqbal R, Gandhi N, Brophy K, Mirza P, Willard E, Collins S, Ndlovu N, Subkovas E, Karthikeyan V, Waggett L, Wood A, Bolger A, Stockport J, Evans L, Harman E, Starling J, Williams L, Saul V, Sinha M, Bell L, Tudgay S, Kemp S, Brown J, Frost L, Ingram T, Loughlin A, Adams C, Adams M, Hurford F, Owen C, Miller C, Donaldson D, Tivenan H, Button H, Nasser A, Jhagra O, Stidolph B, Brown C, Livingstone C, Duffy M, Madgwick P, Roberts P, Greenwood E, Fletcher L, Beveridge M, Earles S, McKenzie D, Beacock D, Dayer M, Seddon M, Greenwell D, Luxton F, Venn F, Mills H, Rewbury J, James K, Roberts K, Tonks L, Felmeden D, Taggu W, Summerhayes A, Hughes D, Sutton J, Felmeden L, Khan M, Walker E, Norris L, O’Donohoe L, Mozid A, Dymond H, Lloyd-Jones H, Saunders G, Simmons D, Coles D, Cotterill D, Beech S, Kidd S, Wrigley B, Petkar S, Smallwood A, Jones R, Radford E, Milgate S, Metherell S, Cottam V, Buckley C, Broadley A, Wood D, Allison J, Rennie K, Balian L, Howard L, Pippard L, Board S, Pitt-Kerby T. Epidemiology and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6670566. [PMID: 35997262 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a medical syndrome characterised by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Data regarding the relationship between frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) are still inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We aim to perform a comprehensive evaluation of frailty in a large European cohort of AF patients. METHODS A 40-item frailty index (FI) was built according to the accumulation of deficits model in the AF patients enrolled in the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry. Association of baseline characteristics, clinical management, quality of life, healthcare resources use and risk of outcomes with frailty was examined. RESULTS Among 10,177 patients [mean age (standard deviation) 69.0 (11.4) years, 4,103 (40.3%) females], 6,066 (59.6%) were pre-frail and 2,172 (21.3%) were frail, whereas only 1,939 (19.1%) were considered robust. Baseline thromboembolic and bleeding risks were independently associated with increasing FI. Frail patients with AF were less likely to be treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) (odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.89), especially with non-vitamin K antagonist OACs and managed with a rhythm control strategy, compared with robust patients. Increasing frailty was associated with a higher risk for all outcomes examined, with a non-linear exponential relationship. The use of OAC was associated with a lower risk of outcomes, except in patients with very/extremely high frailty. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of AF patients, there was a high burden of frailty, influencing clinical management and risk of adverse outcomes. The clinical benefit of OAC is maintained in patients with high frailty, but not in very high/extremely frail ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Francesco Romiti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza - University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stephanie L Harrison
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Francisco Marin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, CIBER-CV, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Näbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- University of Medicine, 'Carol Davila', Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- ANMCO Research Center, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Hammersley ML, Buchanan L, Xu H, Wen LM. Early Childhood Dietary Intake and Subsequent Socioemotional and Cognitive School Readiness Among Australian Children. Health Educ Behav 2022; 49:10901981221096100. [PMID: 35668635 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221096100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake can affect the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of young children. Few studies have explored the relationships between dietary intake and the cognitive and socioemotional dimensions of school readiness. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between children's dietary intake in early childhood, and cognitive and socioemotional school readiness indicators at age 4-5 years using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A total of 4,253 children were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression models were built to investigate whether dietary intake (measured by questionnaire at parent interview) at age 2-3 years predicted school readiness indicators of socioemotional and behavioral functioning (measured by parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ total score and pro-social scale]), verbal (assessed by Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition [PPVT-III]) and nonverbal (assessed by "Who Am I" test [WAI] cognitive skills) at age 4-5 years. Furthermore, using cross-sectional data at age 4-5 years, four multiple linear regression models were built to investigate if dietary intake was correlated with the aforementioned school readiness indicators. All models were adjusted for potential confounders. It was found that every one-point increase in child dietary intake score at age 2-3 years led to a decrease in SDQ total score by 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.10, 0.28], and an increase in SDQ pro-social scale, WAI score and PPVT score by 0.07 (95% CI = [0.03, 0.10]), 0.27 (95% CI = [0.13, 0.41]), and 0.20 (95% CI = [0.09, 0.30]), respectively, at age 4-5 years. Children's dietary intake was also a correlate of their school readiness at age 4-5 years. These results add to the limited evidence base suggesting that children's early dietary intake may play an important role in later socioemotional and behavioral development, and the development of cognitive skills, which are critical school readiness indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Hammersley
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Forest Lodge, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wen LM, Xu H, Rissel C, Kerr E, Buchanan L, Taki S, Phongsavan P, Chua RK, Hua M, Wardle K, Simone L, Hayes A, Baur LA. Demographic Predictors of Mothers' Willingness to Vaccinate Young Children Against COVID-19, Get Tested and Isolate: A Cross-Sectional Survey Before and During the Greater Sydney Lockdown 2021, Australia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904495. [PMID: 35712281 PMCID: PMC9197072 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesHaving a COVID-19 vaccination, getting tested, and self-isolating if symptomatic are some of the most important mitigation strategies for preventing the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate whether demographic factors are associated with mothers' willingness to vaccinate their 4-year-old children against COVID-19 if a suitable vaccine becomes available or to get tested and self-isolate if they themselves have COVID-19 symptoms and whether the willingness could be influenced by the Greater Sydney lockdown 2021.MethodsA cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted between 24th February and 26th October 2021. Questions from the NSW Adult Population Health Survey and from previously published studies were used to assess family demographics, mothers' willingness to vaccinate their young children, and willingness to get tested and self-isolate if symptomatic. The survey involved 604 mothers of children aged 4 years who participated in an existing trial in Sydney, Australia.ResultsMothers were more willing to vaccinate their children when the child's father had a tertiary education or higher, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.60 (95% CI 1.67–4.04). Mothers who were older than 30 years or who completed the survey during the lockdown were more willing to get tested if symptomatic, with AOR 2.50 (95% CI 1.17–5.36) and AOR 3.36 (95% CI 1.41–8.02), respectively. Mothers who were married or had de-facto partners were more willing to self-isolate if symptomatic [AOR 17.15 (95% CI 3.56–82.65)].ConclusionFathers' educational level, mothers' age, and marital status were associated with mothers' willingness to vaccinate their young children if a suitable vaccine were available, to get tested, and self-isolate if symptomatic respectively. The promotion of mitigation strategies for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic needs to take into account specific family demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Li Ming Wen ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4022
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kerr
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Reuel Kangjie Chua
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Myna Hua
- Health Promotion Service, Population Health, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wardle
- Health Promotion Service, Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Simone
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wen LM, Xu H, Taki S, Buchanan L, Rissel C, Phongsavan P, Hayes AJ, Bedford K, Moreton R, Baur LA. Effects of telephone support or short message service on body mass index, eating and screen time behaviours of children age 2 years: A 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12875. [PMID: 34821063 PMCID: PMC9285384 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized controlled trial (RCT) interventions targeted children's early risk behaviours using telephone or short message service (SMS) support. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of telephone or SMS early intervention focusing on mothers' behaviours starting from late pregnancy to improve BMI, and eating and screen time behaviours of children aged 2 years in comparison with the control group. METHODS A 3-arm RCT was conducted in Australia, 2017-2019. Two arms involved the interventions using nurse-led telephone or SMS support, delivered in nine stages from late pregnancy to age 2 years. The third arm was control. The primary outcome was children's objectively measured BMI and BMI z-score at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included child eating and screen time behaviours as reported by parents at 2 years. RESULTS At 2 years, 797 mother-child dyads (69%) completed the telephone survey with 666 (58%) completing weight and height measurements. The study found no statistically significant difference in BMI between the groups. The mean BMI for telephone support was 16.93 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.13), for SMS 16.92 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.11) or for control 16.95 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.16) with a difference of -0.02 (95% CI: -0.31 to 0.27, p = 0.907) in telephone versus control, and a difference of -0.03 (95% CI: -0.30 to 0.24, p = 0.816) in SMS versus control. Telephone support was associated with higher odds of no bottle at bedtime (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.01 to 4.47), family meals (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.33), drinking from a cup (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.88), less screen time (<1 h/day) (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.23) and not eating dinner in front of the TV (AOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.06). SMS support was also associated with higher odds of no bottle at bedtime (AOR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.33) than the control. CONCLUSION The telephone or SMS support intervention had no significant effects on BMI, but was effective in increasing no bottle use at bedtime. Telephone support showed more effects than SMS on reducing screen time and eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Alison J. Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Renee Moreton
- Population HealthSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
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Wen LM, Xu H, Jawad D, Buchanan L, Rissel C, Phongsavan P, Baur LA, Taki S. Ethnicity matters in perceived impacts and information sources of COVID-19 among mothers with young children in Australia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050557. [PMID: 34824114 PMCID: PMC8627368 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate perceived impacts, ways of communication with professionals and information sources related to COVID-19, and explore whether these impacts or information sources were associated with ethnicity that is, language spoken at home. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Sydney, Australia during the period from March to October 2020. PARTICIPANTS Mothers of young children participating in an existing trial. OUTCOME MEASURES Mothers were asked to respond to a set of survey questions related to COVID-19 via telephone. The questions included a mental health scale, and how they communicated with health professionals and their information sources related to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Of 537 mothers who completed the survey (81% response rate), 45% reported they spoke a language other than English at home. Overall, 136 (26%) reported experiencing mental distress. 234 (44%) reported that COVID-19 affected the way they receive and communicate health-related information with health professionals, especially for those from non-English speaking backgrounds with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.58 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.27). They were less likely to use a face-to-face service (AOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.80) and more likely to use social media (AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.17) for health-related information. Regarding sources of COVID-19-related information, mothers from non-English-speaking backgrounds were more likely to rely on family members (AOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.19) and social media (AOR 3.34, 95% CI 2.05 to 5.43). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has significantly impacted mothers with young children in regard to their mental health, means of communication with health professionals and sources of health information. Mothers from non-English-speaking communities were less likely to use a face-to-face service, and more likely to seek information from family members and social media. Appropriate health support for non-English-speaking community needs to take these factors into account. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR:12618001571268.they.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Jawad
- Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Amjad A, Xu J, Zhu X, Buchanan L, Kun T, O'Connell N, Thill D, Erickson B, Hall W, Li A. Deep Learning Auto-Segmentation on Multi-Sequence MRI for MR-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Buchanan L, Anderson E, MBiostat HX, Phongsavan P, Rissel C, Wen LM. Sources of information and the use of mobile applications for health and parenting information during pregnancy: Implications for health promotion. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:14604582211043146. [PMID: 34569327 DOI: 10.1177/14604582211043146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the characteristics of pregnant women who used and intended to use mobile applications (apps) for health and parenting information. We used data from a randomised controlled trial, Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone (CHAT), conducted in Australia. Telephone surveys were conducted in 2017 to collect information on women's demographic characteristics, sources of health and parenting information and willingness to use mobile apps. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of women's socio-demographic backgrounds, their mobile apps usage and their willingness to use such apps. Data included 1155 pregnant women in their third trimester. Women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and with lower income appeared to have lower uptake of mobile apps despite high ownership of smart devices. Development of evidence-based and culturally-adapted mobile apps represent an important opportunity for healthcare providers to optimise maternal and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Buchanan
- Sydney Local Health District, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Australia
| | | | | | | | - Chris Rissel
- The University of Sydney, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Australia.,Flinders University, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney Local Health District, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Australia
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Amjad A, Xu J, Thill D, O'Connell N, Buchanan L, Jones I, Hall W, Erickson B, Li A. Deep Learning-based Auto-segmentation on CT and MRI for Abdominal Structures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wen LM, Rissel C, Xu H, Taki S, Buchanan L, Bedford K, Phongsavan P, Baur LA. Effects of Telephone and Short Message Service Support on Infant Feeding Practices, "Tummy Time," and Screen Time at 6 and 12 Months of Child Age: A 3-Group Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:657-664. [PMID: 32282034 PMCID: PMC7154951 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance There is limited information as to whether telephone or short message service (SMS) support is effective in improving infant feeding practices and tummy time and reducing screen time. Objective To determine the effectiveness of either nurse-led telephone or SMS support in improving infant feeding practices and tummy time and reducing screen time. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was part of a 2-year, 3-group parallel, randomized clinical trial conducted from February 23, 2017, to November 30, 2018, among 1155 women in the third trimester of pregnancy in New South Wales, Australia. It reports the main outcomes at 6 and 12 months of child age. All analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat principle. Interventions The intervention consisted of staged information booklets mailed to the intervention groups, each followed by either a nurse-led telephone support session or SMS intervention, antenatally and at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 months after birth. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were infant feeding practices at both 6 and 12 months and tummy time at 6 months. The secondary outcome was screen time at 12 months. Results Of 1155 mothers, 947 (82%; mean [SD] age, 32.5 [5.0] years) completed follow-up surveys at 6 months; 920 mothers (80%) completed follow-up surveys at 12 months. Compared with the control group, telephone support led to higher odds of appropriate timing of introducing solid foods (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.68 [95% CI, 1.22-2.32]), cup use (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.12-2.13]), and early-start tummy time (AOR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.18-2.25]) at 6 months and higher odds of having no screen time (AOR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.28-2.53]) and no bottle at bedtime (AOR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.23-2.42]) at 12 months. Use of SMS also led to higher odds than the control group of having no screen time (AOR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.08-1.52]) and having no bottle at bedtime (AOR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.10-1.51]) at 12 months. No significant differences were found in breastfeeding rates between the telephone support, SMS support, and control groups. Conclusions and Relevance Both the nurse-led telephone support and SMS interventions were effective in reducing screen time and bottle use at bedtime. Telephone support was also effective in promoting the appropriate timing of the introduction of solid foods, early-start tummy time, and cup use. Trial Registration http://anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12616001470482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dixit C, LeBlanc S, Buchanan L, Aldred L, Behlen L, Stewart P. WHEN EDEMA ISN'T ANGIOEDEMA: SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME AS A CONFOUNDER IN HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Buchanan L, Yeatman H, Kelly B, Kariippanon K. A thematic content analysis of how marketers promote energy drinks on digital platforms to young Australians. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018; 42:530-531. [PMID: 30370962 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the nature and extent of, and level of user-engagement with, appealing strategies used by the food industry to promote energy drinks on digital platforms. METHODS Thematic content analysis was employed to code the textual and visual elements of the data that were extracted from the online media pages of nine energy drinks, including posts on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and content of websites and advergames. RESULTS Four main themes were derived from the 624 textual and visual elements of digital marketing content of energy drink brands, including online social connectivity, desired social identity, enhancement of performance and enhancement of mood. CONCLUSIONS Energy drinks were popular on digital platforms, as evidenced by the large volume of user-engagement (e.g. 'likes' and 'comments') especially on social networking sites. Energy drink brands appear to target young people, given that the marketing appeals are likely attuned with young people's desires or aspirations. Implications for public health: To counter the effects of digital marketing on young people's health, regulations are needed to safeguard adolescents and young adults, as well as younger children, and consideration should be given to including all forms of marketing communication platforms, including the internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Buchanan
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | - Heather Yeatman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | - Kishan Kariippanon
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
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Buchanan L, Yeatman H, Kelly B, Kariippanon K. Digital Promotion of Energy Drinks to Young Adults Is More Strongly Linked to Consumption Than Other Media. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50:888-895. [PMID: 30297016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether digital marketing strategies are more strongly associated with energy drink use than other marketing and whether Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs mediated the effects of digital marketing on energy drink use. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey using the TPB was administered in 2016. SETTING Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 359 young adults aged 18-24 years completed the survey. Participants were mainly students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative impacts of digital and other marketing on energy drink use and the mediating effects of TPB constructs: attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. ANALYSIS Stepwise regression analysis was employed to compare the effects on energy drink use from digital and other marketing. Mediation analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of the TPB constructs. RESULTS Digital marketing was more strongly associated than other marketing with young adults' energy drink use. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the effects of digital marketing on energy drink use. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The marketing of unhealthy food and beverages such as energy drink products on the Internet requires greater scrutiny. Future interventions may focus on strategies to attenuate young adults' attitudes toward energy drinks, denormalize energy drink use, and strengthening self-efficacy to reject energy drinks among this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Buchanan
- School of Health and Society, Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Heather Yeatman
- School of Health and Society, Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Bridget Kelly
- School of Health and Society, Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kishan Kariippanon
- School of Health and Society, Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Buchanan L, Kelly B, Yeatman H. Exposure to digital marketing enhances young adults' interest in energy drinks: An exploratory investigation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171226. [PMID: 28152016 PMCID: PMC5289551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults experience faster weight gain and consume more unhealthy food than any other age groups. The impact of online food marketing on "digital native" young adults is unclear. This study examined the effects of online marketing on young adults' consumption behaviours, using energy drinks as a case example. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion was used as the theoretical basis. A pre-test post-test experimental research design was adopted using mixed-methods. Participants (aged 18-24) were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups (N = 30 each). Experimental group participants' attitudes towards and intended purchase and consumption of energy drinks were examined via surveys and semi-structured interviews after their exposure to two popular energy drink brands' websites and social media sites (exposure time 8 minutes). Exposure to digital marketing contents of energy drinks improved the experimental group participants' attitudes towards and purchase and consumption intention of energy drinks. This study indicates the influential power of unhealthy online marketing on cognitively mature young adults. This study draws public health attentions to young adults, who to date have been less of a focus of researchers but are influenced by online food advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Buchanan
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather Yeatman
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Grobelny D, Chen Q, Tyssen D, Tachedjian G, Sebire K, Buchanan L, Birch C. Antiviral Activity of DG-35-VIII, a Potent Inhibitor of the Protease of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029700800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protease of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important target for antiretroviral drug therapy. The synthesis and in vitro antiviral activity of a novel protease inhibitor, DG-35-VIII, which contains an hydroxyethylhydrazide core unit, is described. DG-35-VIII had potent activity against HIV-1 and related viruses (HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus) in an acutely infected T lymphocyte line (MT-2) and was also active in cells chronically infected with HIV-1, where it inhibited processing of the Pr55gag and Pr160 gag-pal precursor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grobelny
- Narhex Operations Pty Ltd, c/o School of Chemistry, LaTrobe University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Q Chen
- Narhex Operations Pty Ltd, c/o School of Chemistry, LaTrobe University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Tyssen
- National Centre for HIV Virology Research at Macfarlane Burnet Centre, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Tachedjian
- National Centre for HIV Virology Research at Macfarlane Burnet Centre, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Sebire
- National Centre for HIV Virology Research at Macfarlane Burnet Centre, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Buchanan
- National Centre for HIV Virology Research at Macfarlane Burnet Centre, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Birch
- National Centre for HIV Virology Research at Macfarlane Burnet Centre, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield 3078, Victoria, Australia
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Buchanan L, Charlton K, Roodenrys S, Cocuz D, Pendergast T, Ma G. Iodine status not associated with cognitive functioning in older Australians. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bruns BR, Lissauer M, Tesoriero R, Narayan M, Buchanan L, Galvagno SM, Diaz J. Infectious complications and mortality in an American acute care surgical service. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 42:243-7. [PMID: 26038056 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute care surgery (ACS) services have evolved in an effort to provide 24-h surgical services for a wide array of general surgical emergencies. The formation of ACS services has been shown to improve outcomes and lead to more expeditious care. Despite the advances of ACS, the etiology and timing of patient mortality has yet to be described. We hypothesized that infectious complications occur more frequently in ACS patients that die during their hospitalization. METHODS A retrospective review of a local ACS service (non-trauma) registry was conducted. Demographic variables, admission and discharge data, and ICD-9 codes were collected. ICD-9 codes were used to identify patients with sepsis, shock, GI perforation, peritonitis, and other hospital acquired infections (urinary tract, bloodstream, and ventilator-associated pneumonias). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model the outcome of death. RESULTS 1,329 patients were analyzed. 53 % were male with the mean age of 52 years and an average length of stay of 13 days. 106 (8 %) died while in the hospital. Of the patients who died, 34 (32 %) died within 7 days of admission. The majority of mortalities (56 %) occurred after hospital day 14. In ACS patients that died, there were significantly higher rates of sepsis, shock, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, and VAP. After adjustment; age, sepsis on admission, and shock on admission were associated with greater odds of death. CONCLUSION ACS patients with sepsis and shock have higher mortality rate than those patients without. The majority of ACS patient deaths occurred after hospital day 14. Further investigation and continued focus on preventing and rapidly treating infectious complications as they arise is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Bruns
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - M Lissauer
- Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - R Tesoriero
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Narayan
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - L Buchanan
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - S M Galvagno
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Program in Trauma, Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jose Diaz
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Shah NH, Khan MF, Ungvari T, Loh PH, Buchanan L, Hoye A, Oliver RM, Thackray S, Caplin JL, Alamgir MF. 32 Does complete revascularisation confers a long term survival benefit in patients with chronically occluded coronary vessels? Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300198.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Gu H, Tulpule A, Berman N, Duran C, Groshen SG, Buchanan L, Boswell W, Nathwani B, Levine AM. Phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), rituxan, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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McHugh T, Laforce R, Gallagher P, Quinn S, Diggle P, Buchanan L. Natural history of the long-term cognitive, affective, and physical sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Cogn 2006; 60:209-11. [PMID: 16646125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is associated with cognitive,affective, and physical sequelae. When symptoms persist for more than 3 months, a diagnosis of Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is often given. The current study tracked symptom development to explore the natural sequelae of MTBI. Twenty-six MTBI patients received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at three intervals: within 1 week, at 4 months and at 7 months post-concussion. Based on DSMIV criteria and clinical judgment, two external raters diagnosed five MTBI participants with PCS. Results suggested that aspects of cognitive functioning of the symptomatic MTBI (i.e., PCS) participants were different from matched normal control (NC) subjects, and from the 21 MTBI patients who were asymptomatic, at 4 months. Asymptomatic MTBI participants improved in overall level of functioning from 4 to 7 months, but remained significantly different from NC participants in their reduced verbal fluency and working memory functioning.
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Tulpule A, Duran CA, Smith DL, Berman NE, Buchanan L, Gorospe G, Boswell W, Nathwani B, Levine AM. A phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (DR-COP) in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tulpule
- USC Keck Sch of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - G. Gorospe
- USC Keck Sch of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - W. Boswell
- USC Keck Sch of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Tulpule A, Khan AU, Mohrbacher AF, Espina BM, Buchanan L, Berman N, Gorospe G, Boswell WD, Nathwani BN, Levine AM. A phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (DR-COP) in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tulpule
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. U. Khan
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - L. Buchanan
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N. Berman
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Gorospe
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Binder JR, McKiernan KA, Parsons ME, Westbury CF, Possing ET, Kaufman JN, Buchanan L. Neural correlates of lexical access during visual word recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2003; 15:372-93. [PMID: 12729490 DOI: 10.1162/089892903321593108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
People can discriminate real words from nonwords even when the latter are orthographically and phonologically word-like, presumably because words activate specific lexical and/or semantic information. We investigated the neural correlates of this identification process using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants performed a visual lexical decision task under conditions that encouraged specific word identification: Nonwords were matched to words on orthographic and phonologic characteristics, and accuracy was emphasized over speed. To identify neural responses associated with activation of nonsemantic lexical information, processing of words and nonwords with many lexical neighbors was contrasted with processing of items with no neighbors. The fMRI data showed robust differences in activation by words and word-like nonwords, with stronger word activation occurring in a distributed, left hemisphere network previously associated with semantic processing, and stronger nonword activation occurring in a posterior inferior frontal area previously associated with grapheme-to-phoneme mapping. Contrary to lexicon-based models of word recognition, there were no brain areas in which activation increased with neighborhood size. For words, activation in the left prefrontal, angular gyrus, and ventrolateral temporal areas was stronger for items without neighbors, probably because accurate responses to these items were more dependent on activation of semantic information. The results show neural correlates of access to specific word information. The absence of facilitatory lexical neighborhood effects on activation in these brain regions argues for an interpretation in terms of semantic access. Because subjects performed the same task throughout, the results are unlikely to be due to task-specific attentional, strategic, or expectancy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
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Abstract
A specification of the structural characteristics of the mental lexicon is a central goal in word recognition research. Of various word-level characteristics, semantics remains the most resistant to this endeavor. Although there are several theoretically distinct models of lexical semantics with fairly clear operational definitions (e.g., in terms of feature sharing, category membership, associations, or cooccurrences), attempts to empirically adjudicate between these different models have been scarce. In this paper, we present several experiments in which we examined the effects of semantic neighborhood size as defined by two models of lexical semantics--one that defines semantics in terms of associations, and another that defines it in terms of global co-occurrences. We present data that address the question of whether these measures can be fruitfully applied to examinations of lexical activation during visual word recognition. The findings demonstrate that semantic neighborhood can predict perforrmance on both lexical decision and word naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buchanan
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Abstract
Visuospatial processing is accomplished in distinct neuroanatomic pathways. One such pathway, known as the where pathway, involves a dorsal route through magnocellular thalamic cells to occipital and parietal cortices and conveys location and motion information. A second pathway, known as the what pathway, involves a ventral route through parvocellular thalamic cells to occipital and temporal cortices and conveys color and form information. The where pathway is thought to be responsible for processing spatial relationships while the what pathway is responsible for object identification. Children with early-treated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) who exhibit selective visuospatial deficits may provide a good model to study the differential development of these pathways. Because children with CH lacked thyroid hormone at a time when needed by developing brain regions such as the parietal cortex, these children may be affected to a greater degree on tasks tapping where but not what pathway processing. We tested this hypothesis via retrospective analysis of their performance on 6 spatial tasks. Compared were 49 adolescents with CH and 49 matched control participants. On the basis of confirmatory factor analysis, tasks were assigned to either where or that pathway groupings. A repeated measures ANOVA showed the CH group was impaired relative to a normal comparison group only on where pathway tasks. Regression analyses indicated that severity of early hypothyroidism was the strongest predictor of where pathway processing but had no effect on what pathway tasks. It is concluded that thyroid hormone is required during late gestation and early life for the normal development of the where aspects of visuospatial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leneman
- School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
We report a patient (B.V.) who appears to suffer from two dyslexic disorders. First, B.V. showed a severe impairment in reading aloud nonwords (e.g., reading TREST as TREE), in addition to making several semantic errors when reading aloud words (e.g., reading ILL as SICK) and in picture naming (e.g., responding KNIFE to a picture of a FORK). These results suggest that B.V. suffers from deep dyslexia. Second, B.V. showed an impairment in reading the final letters of both words and nonwords (e.g., reading SHOWN as SHORT and reading PROGE as PROOF). Thus, it appears that B.V. also suffers from neglect dyslexia. We discuss how these two forms of dyslexia could be interacting to account for B.V.'s pattern of errors in reading aloud words and nonwords and in picture naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Siakaluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Atchley RA, Story J, Buchanan L. Exploring the contribution of the cerebral hemispheres to language comprehension deficits in adults with developmental language disorder. Brain Cogn 2001; 46:16-20. [PMID: 11527319 DOI: 10.1006/brcg.2000.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A divided visual field, priming paradigm was used to observe how adults who have a history of developmental language disorder (DLD) access lexically ambiguous words. The results show that sustained semantic access to subordinate word meanings (such as BANK-RIVER), which is seen in control subjects, is disrupted in the right cerebral hemisphere for this special population of readers. In the left hemisphere, only the most dominant meaning of the ambiguous word shows sustained priming in both controls and DLD participants. Therefore, for the DLD readers the subordinate meanings of words are not primed in either hemisphere and, thus, may not be available during online processing and integration of discourse. This right hemisphere lexical access deficit might contribute to the language comprehension difficulties exhibited by adult readers with a history of DLD.
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Binder J, McKiernan K, Parsons M, Buchanan L, Westbury C, Kaufman J, Possing E, Ward B. The neural correlates of semantic processing: An event-related FMRI study. Neuroimage 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a case study of a 48 year-old patient, J.O., who was tested 20 years after the removal of a tumor in the left temporal-parietal region. This surgery and subsequent radiation resulted in right side paralysis and numerous language problems. Tests of J.O.'s single word reading abilities indicate that she could be classified as a deep dyslexic with over 16% of her errors in word naming having a clear semantic relationship with the target word (Coltheart, 1980). We examined her ability to read compound words aloud and following Libben (1993) we provide evidence that J.O. is a second case in which there is obligatory access of morphological constituents of compound words. These data are discussed within the context of Libben's (1998) compound word processing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McEwen
- Linguistics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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36
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Abstract
Participants studied lists of multiply presented converging associates (e.g., bed, dream, pillow, etc.) and were timed as they estimated how often they saw list items, related foils (e.g., blanket), and nonpresented critical items (SLEEP). Average number of repetitions (few [3] vs. many [6]) and repetition variability (fixed vs. variable) were manipulated between subjects. Participants responded more slowly to critical items (3.18 sec) than to list items (2.45 sec) or foils (2.22 sec). In addition, critical-item judgments of frequency (JOFs) were about as large as list-item JOFs, and false recognition (i.e., nonzero JOFs) of critical items was most likely in the few-fixed condition (96%) and least likely in the many-fixed condition (74%). These findings suggest that people can use recollection failure--the absence of an anticipated recollective experience, coupled with strong familiarity--to distinguish critical items from list items and that recollection failure is weighted most heavily when people expect familiar probes to access episodic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Rischin D, White MA, Matthews JP, Toner GC, Watty K, Sulkowski AJ, Clarke JL, Buchanan L. A randomised crossover trial of chemotherapy in the home: patient preferences and cost analysis. Med J Aust 2000; 173:125-7. [PMID: 10979376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine patient preferences and cost differences between home-based and hospital-based chemotherapy. DESIGN Randomised crossover trial. SETTING A tertiary cancer hospital in Melbourne, Victoria. PARTICIPANTS 20 patients who required chemotherapy suitable for administration at home. INTERVENTIONS Patients were assigned at random to receive their first chemotherapy treatment in either the home or the hospital and the second treatment in the alternative setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient preference, costs. RESULTS There was universal agreement by the 20 patients in the randomised trial that home-based chemotherapy was the preferred option (P < 0.0001). No problems were nominated by the patients as being associated with home-based chemotherapy. Home-based treatment was estimated to result in an increased cost of $83 (P = 0.0002) for each chemotherapy treatment compared with hospital-based treatment. Reported advantages for chemotherapy in the home included the elimination of travel, reduction in treatment-associated anxiety, reduction in the burden on carers and family, and the ability to continue other duties. There were no significant complications associated with administration of chemotherapy in the home. CONCLUSIONS Patients prefer home-based chemotherapy to hospital-based treatment. The future of chemotherapy-in-the-home programs in Australia will depend on whether patient preferences are deemed to offset any potential increase in costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rischin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC.
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Buchanan L, Kiss I, Burgess C. Phonological and semantic information in word and nonword reading in a deep dyslexic patient. Brain Cogn 2000; 43:65-8. [PMID: 10857665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep dyslexia is diagnosed when brain-injured, previously literate adults make reading errors that include hallmark semantic paralexias (e.g., reading HEART as BLOOD) and are also impaired at reading nonwords (e.g., FRIP). The diversity of these symptoms have led most researchers to conclude that there are multiple sources of impairment in this syndrome and that one of the most critical is a failure to process phonological information at a sublexical level. The patient (SD) reported in this study fits the deep dyslexia profile to the extent that she makes several semantically related reading errors. She also shows the classic frequency and image ability effects of the syndrome. However, as we report, she does read some nonwords correctly and she shows a strong advantage for naming when phonemic cues are presented. We discuss the performance of SD, on these preliminary tasks, in terms of a phonological selection impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buchanan
- Psychology Department, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Abstract
A description of semantic lexicon arrangement is a central goal in examinations of language processing. There are a number of ways in which this description has been cast and a host of different mechanisms in place for providing operational descriptions (e.g., feature sharing, category membership, associations, and co-occurrences). We first review two views of the structure of semantic space and then describe an experiment that attempts to adjudicate between these two views. The use of a false memory paradigm provides us with evidence that supports the notion that the semantic lexicon is arranged more by association than by categories or features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buchanan
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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41
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Abstract
There is evidence in the literature to support the view that antioxidants are involved in the pathogenesis of Graves disease and that antioxidants may act as free radical scavengers. This study has compared the effects of a 12 month course of conventional Carbimazole therapy on peripheral blood antioxidant levels with those of a 12 month course of a higher dose treatment regime. Fifty seven patients were enrolled into the study. Those in Group 1 (n = 23) received a 12 month course of 60 mg/day Carbimazole. Those in Group 2 (n = 34) received 45 mg/day for the first month, 30 mg/day for the second and 20 mg/day for the remaining 10 months of treatment. T3 was added in both groups after 2-4 months to maintain patients euthyroid. Baseline samples were also obtained from 30 control subjects. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of plasma thiol (PSH), lysate thiol (LSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caeruloplasmin (CP) and for routine thyroid function tests (TT4, TT3 and TSH). In untreated Graves' patients, serum levels of PSH and SOD were reduced and levels of LSH increased compared to controls. Following 2 months high dose Carbimazole therapy there was a significant increase in PSH levels and a significant reduction in CP levels compared to presentation levels. In the more conventional dose Group 2 patients PSH levels also rose significantly during the first 2 months of treatment. Levels for both groups were still significantly lower than the control group. After 12 months high dose Carbimazole therapy PSH levels had decreased so that they no longer differed from untreated levels. LSH and SOD levels still remained abnormal. CP levels continued to fall. Similar findings were obtained in those patients receiving the more conventional course of treatment. At no point was their any significant difference in antioxidant levels between the two treatment groups. The abnormal levels of antioxidants in the serum of untreated Graves' patients confirm their involvement in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Carbimazole therapy appeared to have only short term effects on the peripheral blood levels of the antioxidants measured. Carbimazole appeared to act only on the extra cellular markers of antioxidant activity (PSH, CP) although the disease itself had marked intracellular effects (LSH, SOD). These findings suggest that Carbimazole does not act as a free radical scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Strathclyde
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42
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Buchanan L, Powers RD. Establishing an NP-staffed minor emergency area. Nurse Pract 1997; 22:175-187. [PMID: 9128885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with problems of high acuity need fully trained emergency physicians and nurses. Some patients with nonurgent problems can be cared for within the emergency department (ED) in a lower-cost setting designed and staffed specifically for this purpose. Staffing a fast track or minor emergency area (MEA) with nurse practitioners (NPs) is one way to satisfy the ED's care needs. One site analysis of the effectiveness of NPs indicates that patients are satisfied with their care, that nurses' interpersonal skills are better than those of physicians, that technical skills are equivalent, that patient outcomes are equivalent or superior and that NPs improve access to care. A nurse practitioner-staffed minor emergency area provides high quality care for approximately 21% of this site's adult emergency department population. Patients are triaged based on set criteria, allowing for short treatment times. The physical layout, triage criteria, and the NPs' scope of practice in the level 1 trauma center's ED are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buchanan
- University of Virginia Health Sciences Center in Charlottesville, USA
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43
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Buchanan L, Voigtman J, Mills H. Implementing the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research pain management pediatric guideline in a multicultural practice setting. J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 11:23-35. [PMID: 9029851 DOI: 10.1097/00001786-199702000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of a clinical practice guideline for managing pediatric patient pain. The standard of care used was the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research acute pain management guideline. It was used to assess current levels of care and to make recommendations for improvements. Information was gathered from a sample of 240 pediatric patients aged 1 week to 14 years. Recommendations for improving care are given. The guideline was found to be clinically useful as a general standard of care, but more work needs to be done to individualize care for specific populations, age groups, and cultures.
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44
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Abstract
Hearing loss and its functional consequences were evaluated retrospectively in children with congenital hypothyroidism. From a cohort of 101 children followed longitudinally to evaluate newborn screening, 75 with previous hearing tests were studied. Fifteen (20%) were found to have hearing problems. Of these, nine had unilateral or sensorineural loss mostly at high frequencies, five had a conductive loss, and one had both problems. Hearing impaired children differed from children with normal hearing in age of treatment onset (22 vs 14 days) but not disease severity or duration. A comparison of language and auditory processing skills at ages 3, 5, and 7 years revealed that early speech was delayed in hearing impaired children, whereas deficits persisted in later receptive language and auditory discrimination skills. Comparing hearing impaired children and children with normal hearing with matched control subjects at grade 3 showed that hearing impaired children were poorer readers because of less adequate phonologic processing skills.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Congenital Hypothyroidism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Hearing Disorders/congenital
- Hearing Disorders/diagnosis
- Hearing Disorders/prevention & control
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/congenital
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/prevention & control
- Hearing Loss, High-Frequency/congenital
- Hearing Loss, High-Frequency/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, High-Frequency/prevention & control
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/congenital
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/prevention & control
- Humans
- Hypothyroidism/complications
- Hypothyroidism/prevention & control
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Language Development Disorders/diagnosis
- Language Development Disorders/etiology
- Language Development Disorders/prevention & control
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Neonatal Screening
- Ontario/epidemiology
- Reading
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rovet
- Department of Psychology and Communication Disorders, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Buchanan L, Powers RD. Establishing an NP-staffed minor emergency area. NP News 1996; 4:6-7. [PMID: 8932086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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46
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Buchanan L, Powers RD. Establishing an NP-staffed minor emergency area. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1996; 27:25, 28, 30-1. [PMID: 8632866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A nurse practitioner-staffed minor emergency area provides high quality care for approximately 21% of their adult emergency department population. Patients are triaged based on set criteria, allowing for short treatment times. The physical layout, triage criteria and the NPs' scope of practice in the Level I trauma center's ED are detailed.
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47
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Abstract
Nurse-physician relationships remain, for the most part, hierarchical in nature. A hierarchical structure allows the person at the top, most notably the physician, the highest level of authority and power for decision making. Other health care providers are delegated various tasks related to the medical plan of care. One role of nonmedical health care providers, including nurses, is to support the medical plan of care and increase the productivity of physicians. Medical centers have house staff, usually interns and residents, who work collaboratively with the attending physicians in care delivery. At one medical center, a shortage of medical house staff for internal medicine prompted the development and evaluation of an alternative service. The alternative service utilized master prepared, certified nurse practitioners on a nonteaching service to provide care for selected types of medical patients. Physicians consulted with nurse practitioners, but retained decision-making authority concerning patient admission to the service. This paper describes the development and evaluation of an alternative service based on a collaborative practice model and the role of nurse practitioners working under such a model. Discussion includes suggestions for process guideline development for organizations that want to improve collaborative practice relationships between unit nursing staff, nurse practitioners, and physicians.
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48
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Abstract
The impact on 100 patients of information and consent forms signed prior to medical oncology clinical trials was evaluated by a survey at a subsequent visit. Only 40 patients believed that the purpose of the form was to explain the treatment. The form was listed as the major source of information by 12 patients while 52 listed a doctor and 26 a nurse. Although 21 patients believed that the form mad them less anxious, 19 patients believed that it made them more anxious. Despite 80 patients reading all of the form, 60 claiming to understand all of it and 68 claiming that in contained adequate information, in tests of recall only 52 patients could name all of their drugs and only 4 all of the side effects. The number of drugs named correlated with how much of the consent form had been read (p = 0.003) and the highest education level achieved by the patient (p = 0.0003). Patients under 55 years had significantly better recall. Patients with a better ECOG performance status were more likely to find the form very helpful. Such forms may not ensure that the requirements for informed consent are satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Olver
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Cairns RB, Leung MC, Buchanan L, Cairns BD. Friendships and social networks in childhood and adolescence: fluidity, reliability, and interrelations. Child Dev 1995; 66:1330-45. [PMID: 7555219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Social networks and friendships were tracked over a 3-week period for 132 students enrolled in fourth- and seventh-grade classrooms. Individual interviews were employed to collect data on friendships. Social group membership was determined by the composite social-cognitive map (SCM) procedure and by self-reports. Considerable overlap was found among the methods for establishing relational patterns (i.e., friendships, self-reported groups, composite social-cognitive maps). When loose criteria for stability were employed, high stability was found in friendships (p = .56-.75) and social group membership (p = .90) over a 3-week period. But when stringent criteria were employed, only modest social relationship stability was observed in both methods, suggesting that there is much greater fluidity in peer bonds than has been generally recognized. The relationship between friendship and social network measures, the distinctive information yielded by social networks, and gender and age differences in group structure, fluidity, and friendships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Cairns
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-8115, USA
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50
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Ryan AK, Schrader TJ, Wright RB, Buchanan L, Deeley RG. Characterization of protein interactions with positive and negative elements regulating the apoVLDLII gene. DNA Cell Biol 1994; 13:987-99. [PMID: 7945939 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1994.13.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of avian apo very-low-density lipoprotein (apoVLDL)II is estrogen dependent and liver specific. Competence to express the apoVLDLII gene is not acquired until days 7-9 of embryogenesis and thus lags 5-6 days behind appearance of the liver primordial bud. It is not known whether the delayed ability to activate the gene is attributable to hepatic estrogen receptor profiles, or a requirement for other transcription factors not expressed at earlier stages of embryogenesis. The latter possibility is supported by developmental alterations in nuclease hypersensitivity flanking the gene that occur independently of estrogen administration. We have examined the influence of these hypersensitive regions on expression from the apoVLDLII promoter and have characterized novel protein-DNA interactions at two of them. One is located in a copy of the CR1 family of middle repetitive elements approximately 3.0 kb upstream from the start of the gene. We demonstrate by DNase I footprinting that the site contains an element which matches a predicted consensus silencer sequence. The other site contains no previously identified binding motifs. It is located between nucleotides -228 and -245 and is adjacent to an imperfect estrogen response element (ERE) that we demonstrate acts additively with a canonical ERE 30 nucleotides downstream. We have identified ubiquitous and liver-specific factors that display overlapping DNA contacts with the site. Mutation of G residues contacted by these proteins decreases hormone-inducible expression from the promoter 5- to 8-fold. Hepatic levels of the liver-enriched factor interacting with this site increase abruptly between days 7 and 9 of embryogenesis, suggesting that it may be an important determinant of the ability to express the apoVLDLII and possibly other liver-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ryan
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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