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Muni-Lofra R, Murphy LB, Adcock K, Farrugia ME, Irwin J, Lilleker JB, McConville J, Merrison A, Parton M, Ryburn L, Scoto M, Marini-Bettolo C, Mayhew A. Real-World Data on Access to Standards of Care for People With Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the UK. Front Neurol 2022; 13:866243. [PMID: 35707038 PMCID: PMC9190261 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.866243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness and has an incidence of 1:11. 000 live births which projects an estimated population in the UK of 650-1,300 affected patients. Standards of Care (SoC) were updated in 2017 and they have been widely adopted as a reference for implementation of care in SMA across the globe. The effectiveness of implementation and adherence to these standards across different countries is unclear. The aim of this study is to describe the experience of individuals with SMA regarding their care in the UK. An online anonymised survey was sent out via patient organizations, the UK SMA Patient Registry, professional networks, and social media to reach across the UK. The survey captured demographic profile, professionals involved in a patient's care, Interventions and access to mobility aids and home adaptations. Participants responded about their access to services and to rate how important each professional and intervention was for their health and wellbeing. One hundred and twenty-eight responses were collected with a median age of 34 years (1-81). Seventy-three percent of participants were adults and 60% men. Overall good access to neurologist (>90%) but limited to nurse specialist (48%) and physiotherapist (57%). Good access to respiratory support was reported but limited for interventions for positioning and bracing and exercise. This survey highlights that access to certain professionals for people with SMA is limited in the UK. Striking differences were noted between pediatric and adult populations. Limited access to care were regularly reported, with half of the study population consistently not accessing full multidisciplinary care. Access to interventions for contracture management were recorded to have significant limitations. Mobility aids and home adaptations are widely available and were also reported as the most valued interventions. Access to nutritional support or speech and language therapy appears only to be available for a small proportion of the participants. Access to respiratory care was good especially in severe forms of SMA. We found pockets of good practice in the UK that align with the SoC. However, access is not equal for adults and children and access to certain professionals is significantly limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Muni-Lofra
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lindsay B Murphy
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Adcock
- Muscular Dystrophy UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - James B Lilleker
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK and Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andria Merrison
- Bristol Neuromuscular Disease Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Parton
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Ryburn
- SMAUK, Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Mayhew
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Murphy LB, Santos-Ledo A, Dhanaseelan T, Eley L, Burns D, Henderson DJ, Chaudhry B. Exercise, programmed cell death and exhaustion of cardiomyocyte proliferation in aging zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049013. [PMID: 34296752 PMCID: PMC8319546 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise may ameliorate the eventual heart failure inherent in human aging. In this study, we use zebrafish to understand how aging and exercise affect cardiomyocyte turnover and myocardial remodelling. We show that cardiomyocyte proliferation remains constant throughout life but that onset of fibrosis is associated with a late increase in apoptosis. These findings correlate with decreases in voluntary swimming activity, critical swimming speed (Ucrit), and increases in biomarkers of cardiac insufficiency. The ability to respond to severe physiological stress is also impaired with age. Although young adult fish respond with robust cardiomyocyte proliferation in response to enforced swimming, this is dramatically impaired in older fish and served by a smaller proliferation-competent cardiomyocyte population. Finally, we show that these aging responses can be improved through increased activity throughout adulthood. However, despite improvement in Ucrit and the proliferative response to stress, the size of the proliferating cardiomyocyte population remained unchanged. The zebrafish heart models human aging and reveals the important trade-off between preserving cardiovascular fitness through exercise at the expense of accelerated fibrotic change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Murphy LB, Schreiber-Katz O, Rafferty K, Robertson A, Topf A, Willis TA, Heidemann M, Thiele S, Bindoff L, Laurent JP, Lochmüller H, Mathews K, Mitchell C, Stevenson JH, Vissing J, Woods L, Walter MC, Straub V. Global FKRP Registry: observations in more than 300 patients with Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R9. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:757-766. [PMID: 32342672 PMCID: PMC7261761 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Global FKRP Registry is a database for individuals with conditions caused by mutations in the Fukutin‐Related Protein (FKRP) gene: limb girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9, formerly LGMD2I) and congenital muscular dystrophies MDC1C, Muscle–Eye–Brain Disease and Walker–Warburg Syndrome. The registry seeks to further understand the natural history and prevalence of FKRP‐related conditions; aid the rapid identification of eligible patients for clinical studies; and provide a source of information to clinical and academic communities. Methods Registration is patient‐initiated through a secure online portal. Data, reported by both patients and their clinicians, include: age of onset, presenting symptoms, family history, motor function and muscle strength, respiratory and cardiac function, medication, quality of life and pain. Results Of 663 registered participants, 305 were genetically confirmed LGMDR9 patients from 23 countries. A majority of LGMDR9 patients carried the common mutation c.826C > A on one or both alleles; 67.9% were homozygous and 28.5% were compound heterozygous for this mutation. The mean ages of symptom onset and disease diagnosis were higher in individuals homozygous for c.826C > A compared with individuals heterozygous for c.826C > A. This divergence was replicated in ages of loss of running ability, wheelchair‐dependence and ventilation assistance; consistent with the milder phenotype associated with individuals homozygous for c.826C > A. In LGMDR9 patients, 75.1% were currently ambulant and 24.6%, nonambulant (unreported in 0.3%). Cardiac impairment was reported in 23.2% (30/129). Interpretation The Global FKRP Registry enables the collection of patient natural history data, which informs academics, healthcare professionals and industry. It represents a trial‐ready cohort of individuals and is centrally placed to facilitate recruitment to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Murphy
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Karen Rafferty
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Agata Robertson
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ana Topf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracey A Willis
- The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Marcel Heidemann
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Thiele
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurence Bindoff
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-SysMed, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katherine Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - John Vissing
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen Neuromuscular Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lacey Woods
- Patient Representative, Stanwood, Washington
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wilson CL, Murphy LB, Leslie J, Kendrick S, French J, Fox CR, Sheerin NS, Fisher A, Robinson JH, Tiniakos DG, Gray DA, Oakley F, Mann DA. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1: A novel functional marker for liver myofibroblasts and a therapeutic target in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1421-8. [PMID: 26264933 PMCID: PMC4866442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ubiquitination is a reversible protein modification involved in the major cellular processes that define cell phenotype and behaviour. Ubiquitin modifications are removed by a large family of proteases named deubiquitinases. The role of deubiquitinases in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and their contribution to fibrogenesis are poorly defined. We have identified that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) is highly induced following HSC activation, determined its function in activated HSC and its potential as a therapeutic target for fibrosis. METHODS Deubiquitinase expression was determined in day 0 and day 10 HSC. Increased UCHL1 expression was confirmed in human HSC and in an alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patient liver. The importance of UCHL1 in hepatic fibrosis was investigated in CCl4 and bile duct ligation injured mice using a pharmacological inhibitor (LDN 57444). The effects of UCHL1 inhibition on HSC proliferation were confirmed by Western blot and 3H thymidine incorporation. RESULTS Here we report that pharmacological inhibition of UCHL1 blocks progression of established fibrosis in CCl4 injured mice. UCHL1 siRNA knockdown, LDN 57444 treatment, or HSC isolated from UCHL1(-/-) mice show attenuated proliferation in response to the mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor. Additionally, we observed changes in the phosphorylation of the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in the absence of UCHL1 highlighting a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferative response. CONCLUSIONS UCHL1 expression is highly upregulated upon HSC activation and is involved in the regulation of HSC proliferation. This study highlights therapeutic opportunities for pharmacological targeting of UCHL1 in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L. Wilson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lindsay B. Murphy
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Stuart Kendrick
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeremy French
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher R. Fox
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Neil S. Sheerin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John H. Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dina G. Tiniakos
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Douglas A. Gray
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. Tel.: +44 191 222 3851, fax: +44 191 222 0723, (D.A. Mann)
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Barbour KE, Hootman JM, Helmick CG, Murphy LB, Theis KA, Schwartz TA, Kalsbeek WD, Renner JB, Jordan JM. Meeting physical activity guidelines and the risk of incident knee osteoarthritis: a population-based prospective cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:139-46. [PMID: 23983187 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and joint pain. Although other risk factors of knee OA have been identified, how physical activity affects incident knee OA remains unclear. METHODS Using data from the first (1999-2004) and second (2005-2010) followup periods of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project study, we tested the association between meeting physical activity guidelines and incident knee outcomes among 1,522 adults ages ≥45 years. The median followup time was 6.5 years (range 4.0-10.2 years). Physical activity at baseline (moderate-equivalent physical activity minutes/week) was calculated using the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity questionnaire. Incident knee radiographic OA (ROA) was defined as the development of Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2 in a knee at followup. Incident knee symptomatic ROA (sROA) was defined as the development of ROA and symptoms in at least 1 knee at followup. Weibull regression modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for interval-censored data. RESULTS In multivariable models, meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) physical activity guidelines (≥150 minutes/week) was not significantly associated with ROA (HR 1.20 [95% CI 0.92-1.56]) or sROA (HR 1.24 [95% CI 0.87-1.76]). Adults in the highest level (≥300 minutes/week) of physical activity had a higher risk of knee ROA and sROA compared with inactive (0 to <10 minutes/week) participants; however, these associations were not statistically significant (HR 1.62 [95% CI 0.97-2.68] and HR 1.42 [95% CI 0.76-2.65], respectively). CONCLUSION Meeting the HHS physical activity guidelines was not associated with incident knee ROA or sROA in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Barbour
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Perugorria MJ, Murphy LB, Fullard N, Chakraborty JB, Vyrla D, Wilson CL, Oakley F, Mann J, Mann DA. Tumor progression locus 2/Cot is required for activation of extracellular regulated kinase in liver injury and toll-like receptor-induced TIMP-1 gene transcription in hepatic stellate cells in mice. Hepatology 2013; 57:1238-49. [PMID: 23080298 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as key regulators of liver fibrosis and are able to modulate the fibrogenic actions of nonparenchymal liver cells. The fibrogenic signaling events downstream of TLRs on Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are poorly defined. Here, we describe the MAP3K tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) as being important for the activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in KCs and HSCs responding to stimulation of TLR4 and TLR9. KCs lacking Tpl2 display defects with TLR induction of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-23. tpl2(-/-) HSCs were unable to increase expression of fibrogenic genes IL-1β and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), with the latter being the result of defective stimulation of TIMP-1 promoter activity by TLRs. To determine the in vivo relevance of Tpl2 signaling in liver fibrosis, we compared the fibrogenic responses of wild-type (WT) and tpl2(-/-) mice in three distinct models of chronic liver injury. In the carbon tetrachloride and methionine-choline-deficient diet models, we observed a significant reduction in fibrosis in mice lacking Tpl2, compared to WT controls. However, in the bile duct ligation model, there was no effect of tpl2 deletion, which may reflect a lesser role for HSCs in wounding response to biliary injury. CONCLUSION We conclude that Tpl2 is an important signal transducer for TLR activation of gene expression in KCs and HSCs by the ERK pathway and that suppression of its catalytic activity may be a route toward suppressing fibrosis caused by hepatocellular injuries. (HEPATOLOGY 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Perugorria
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Moles A, Sanchez AM, Banks PS, Murphy LB, Luli S, Borthwick L, Fisher A, O’Reilly S, van Laar JM, White SA, Perkins ND, Burt AD, Mann DA, Oakley F. Inhibition of RelA-Ser536 phosphorylation by a competing peptide reduces mouse liver fibrosis without blocking the innate immune response. Hepatology 2013; 57:817-28. [PMID: 22996371 PMCID: PMC3807604 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphorylation of the RelA subunit at serine 536 (RelA-P-Ser536) is important for hepatic myofibroblast survival and is mechanistically implicated in liver fibrosis. Here, we show that a cell-permeable competing peptide (P6) functions as a specific targeted inhibitor of RelA-P-Ser536 in vivo and exerts an antifibrogenic effect in two progressive liver disease models, but does not impair hepatic inflammation or innate immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Using kinase assays and western blotting, we confirm that P6 is a substrate for the inhibitory kappa B kinases (IKKs), IKKα and IKKβ, and, in human hepatic myofibroblasts, P6 prevents RelA-P-Ser536, but does not affect IKK activation of IκBα. We demonstrate that RelA-P-Ser536 is a feature of human lung and skin fibroblasts, but not lung epithelial cells, in vitro and is present in sclerotic skin and diseased lungs of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION RelA-P-Ser536 may be a core fibrogenic regulator of fibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moles
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Banks
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Murphy
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Saimir Luli
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven O’Reilly
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob M van Laar
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A White
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair D Burt
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Address reprint requests to: Fiona Oakley, Ph.D., Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Room M4.158, 4th Floor Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom. E-mail: ; fax: +44 191 222 5455
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Gaspar-Pereira S, Fullard N, Townsend PA, Banks PS, Ellis EL, Fox C, Maxwell AG, Murphy LB, Kirk A, Bauer R, Caamaño JH, Figg N, Foo RS, Mann J, Mann DA, Oakley F. The NF-κB subunit c-Rel stimulates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2011; 180:929-939. [PMID: 22210479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy are the pathological consequences of cardiovascular disease and are correlated with its associated mortality. Activity of the transcription factor NF-κB is increased in the diseased heart; however, our present understanding of how the individual subunits contribute to cardiovascular disease is limited. We assign a new role for the c-Rel subunit as a stimulator of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We discovered that c-Rel-deficient mice have smaller hearts at birth, as well as during adulthood, and are protected from developing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after chronic angiotensin infusion. Results of both gene expression and cross-linked chromatin immunoprecipitation assay analyses identified transcriptional activators of hypertrophy, myocyte enhancer family, Gata4, and Tbx proteins as Rel gene targets. We suggest that the p50 subunit could limit the prohypertrophic actions of c-Rel in the normal heart, because p50 overexpression in H9c2 cells repressed c-Rel levels and the absence of cardiac p50 was associated with increases in both c-Rel levels and cardiac hypertrophy. We report for the first time that c-Rel is highly expressed and confined to the nuclei of diseased adult human hearts but is restricted to the cytoplasm of normal cardiac tissues. We conclude that c-Rel-dependent signaling is critical for both cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. Targeting its activities could offer a novel therapeutic strategy to limit the effects of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspar-Pereira
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Fullard
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Banks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Ellis
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Fox
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan G Maxwell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Murphy
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kirk
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Bauer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge H Caamaño
- Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute for BioMedical Research-Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger S Foo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Armstrong T, Packham G, Murphy LB, Bateman AC, Conti JA, Fine DR, Johnson CD, Benyon RC, Iredale JP. Type I Collagen Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:7427-37. [PMID: 15534120 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the role of functional interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the formation of the desmoplastic reaction (DR) in pancreatic cancer and to characterize the effect of type I collagen (the predominant component of the DR) on pancreatic cancer cell phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PSCs and type I collagen were identified in sections of pancreatic cancer using immunohistochemistry, and their anatomic relationship was studied. Interactions among pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1, and AsPC-1), primary cultures of human PSCs, and type I collagen were investigated in a series of tissue culture models. RESULTS In vivo, the DR causes gross distortion of normal pancreas, bringing cancer cells into close contact with numerous PSCs and abundant type I collagen. In tissue culture models of pancreatic cancer, conditioned media from each cell line increased PSC [3H]thymidine incorporation up to 6.3-fold that of controls, and AsPC-1 cells also increased PSC collagen synthesis 1.3-fold. Type I collagen was observed to increase long-term survival of pancreatic cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil, by up to 62% in clonogenic assays. This was because type I collagen increased the proliferation of cancer cells ([3H]thymidine incorporation was up to 2.8-fold that of cells cultured on tissue culture plastic) and reduced apoptosis of AsPC-1 cells in response to 5-fluorouracil (by regulating mcl-1). CONCLUSIONS These experiments elucidate a mechanism by which the DR in pancreatic cancer may form and, via the collagen within it, promote the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting significant detriment to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Armstrong
- Divisions of Tissue Remodelling and Repair, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Murphy LB, Loney C, Murray J, Bhella D, Ashton P, Yeo RP. Investigations into the amino-terminal domain of the respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein reveal elements important for nucleocapsid formation and interaction with the phosphoprotein. Virology 2003; 307:143-53. [PMID: 12667822 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(02)00063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (N) protein, from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was used to investigate RNA binding in a modified North-Western blotting protocol. The recombinant protein demonstrated no sequence specificity in binding RNA representing either the antigenomic leader sequence or the nonspecific sequence derived from a plasmid vector. When recombinant N was purified on CsCl gradients, two types of structure, both with densities indicating that they contained RNA, could be visualised by negative-stain electron microscopy. Structures similar to nucleocapsids (NC) from RSV-infected cells were observed, as were ring structures. A small fragment of the N (amino acids 1-92) was all that was required for the production of NC-like structures. Another mutant with an internal deletion could form rings but not NC-like structures. This suggests that this domain (amino acids 121-160) may be important for maintaining helical stability. Further analysis has also identified a potential site in the amino-terminus that may be involved in an interaction with the phosphoprotein. A domain model of the RSV N protein is presented which, similar to that of other paramyxoviruses, supports the idea that the amino-terminus is important for NC assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Murphy
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Nucleocapsid (N) proteins from representative viruses of three genera within the Paramyxoviridae were expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. RNA-containing structures, which appear morphologically identical to viral nucleocapsids, were isolated and subsequently imaged under a transmission electron microscope. Analysis of these images revealed marked differences in nucleocapsid morphology among the genera investigated, most notably between viruses of the Paramyxovirinae and the Pneumovirinae subfamilies. Helical pitch measurements were made, revealing that measles virus (MV, a Morbillivirus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae) N protein produces helices that adopt multiple conformations with varying degrees of flexibility, while that of the Rubulavirus simian virus type 5 (SV5, subfamily Paramyxovirinae) produces more rigid structures with a less heterogeneous pitch distribution. Nucleocapsids produced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, subfamily Pneumovirinae) appear significantly narrower than those of MV and SV5 and have a longer pitch than the most extended form of MV. In addition to helical nucleocapsids, ring structures were also produced, image analysis of which has demonstrated that rings assembled from MV N protein consist of 13 subunits. This is consistent with previous reports that Sendai virus nucleocapsids have 13.07 subunits per turn. It was determined, however, that SV5 subnucleocapsid rings have 14 subunits, while rings derived from the radically different RSV nucleocapsid have been found to contain predominantly 10 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bhella
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1
| | - Adam Ralph
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1
| | - Lindsay B Murphy
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1
| | - Robert P Yeo
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1
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Murray J, Loney C, Murphy LB, Graham S, Yeo RP. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid (N) protein: identification of a region in the carboxy terminus of N involved in the interaction with P protein. Virology 2001; 289:252-61. [PMID: 11689048 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate structure and biological properties of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we have generated a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies, raised against recombinant N protein, and epitope mapped seven of these to three antigenic sites (Site I aa 16-30; Site II aa 341-350; Site III aa 351-365). Characterization by immunofluorescence and by immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to antigenic site I can detect N protein complexed with phospho (P) protein. Antibodies to antigenic sites II and III, which are adjacent to each other near the carboxyl terminus of the N protein, have distinct properties. A site III monoclonal antibody detected N protein in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and in the cytosol, but not when N was complexed to P protein, while the site II antibody reacted with N protein in the nucleocapsid fraction but did not detect cytosolic N protein. Further investigation into the reactivities of the antibodies after binding of P to N in vitro demonstrated that antigenic sites II and III were blocked by the interaction, indicating an involvement for the carboxy domain of N in the N-P interaction. This was confirmed by the ability of peptides from the carboxy terminus of N to inhibit the N-P interaction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murray
- MRC Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow, G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Using the study of vigilance in adults as their model, the researchers examined task parameters and their interactions in a study of sustained attention in children from a non-clinical population. Two levels of event rate (low and high) were combined with two levels of signal probability (low and high) in 14-minute vigilance tasks in which children viewed small and large squares presented successively on a computer screen. Seven- and eight-year-old children were instructed to press a button whenever a small square appeared. Signal detection analyses were employed, as well as the traditional measures identifying hits, false alarms, and reaction time. The results support the traditional findings in adult tasks: participants performed most accurately and quickly in the high event rate and high probability condition; low probability elicited a more conservative decision-making criterion, a standard characterized by less willingness to risk false alarms; such conservatism increased over the periods of watch; and the vigilance decrement emerged over time. However, the finding that the high event rate condition improved perceptual sensitivity reversed the event rate effect consistently reported in the adult literature. The above findings are discussed in light of both research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Rose
- Department of Psychology, One Otterbein College, Westerville, OH 43081, USA.
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Merritt KA, Thompson RJ, Keith BR, Gustafson KE, Murphy LB, Johndrow DA. Screening for child-reported behavioral and emotional problems in primary care pediatrics. Percept Mot Skills 1995; 80:323-9. [PMID: 7624213 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In light of the findings that mother-completed checklists do not adequately reflect children's perceptions of their own adjustment, two child-completed questionnaires were assessed as screening measures for behavioral or emotional problems with 50 children seen for well-child examinations. Case criterion was child-reported DSM-III symptoms through a clinical interview. Support was provided for the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale but not the Children's Depression Inventory as a child-reported screening measure. Moreover, the findings indicated that both mother-completed and child-completed measures are needed to screen adequately for behavioral or emotional problems of children seen in a primary care pediatric clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Merritt
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
This study replicated with nonreferred children the finding with psychiatrically referred children that mother-child concordance was a function of symptom type. Low mother-child concordance for internalizing problems and moderate concordance for externalizing problems characteristic of psychiatric samples was found to generalize to nonreferred children. Furthermore, mother-child concordance was also found to be a function of child gender and age. The implications of these findings for screening or assessment of nonreferred children were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Thompson
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Thompson RJ, Merritt KA, Keith BR, Murphy LB, Johndrow DA. The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children. J Clin Psychol 1992; 48:739-43. [PMID: 1452762 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199211)48:6<739::aid-jclp2270480607>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study provides validity information about the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) classifications system with nonreferred children. MCBC behavior patterns of 41 children were related to DSM-III symptomatology ascertained through a structured clinical interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, conducted with the mother. The findings indicated that considering the Undifferentiated Disturbance pattern as an indicator of poor adjustment may be unwarranted with nonreferred children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Thompson
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Glatz
- South Australian Department of Agriculture, Parafield Poultry Research Centre, Parafield Gardens
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Abstract
1. Bird movement was studied at various ages in two flocks of 18,200 broiler chickens. 2. One-d-old chicks placed in corners of a 29 x 14 m brooding area dispersed evenly over the whole area in a period of 48 h. 3. At 15 d of age, when released from the brooding area, birds which were among the first to move to the far end of the house did not necessarily remain in that area of the house. 4. Starting at 4 and 5 weeks of age, birds marked individually were variable in their movement throughout the house during a 16- and 9-d period respectively. Even the least mobile individual covered an area of the house containing several thousand birds. 5. Closer scrutiny of movement by individual birds showed that some moved over areas of 20 m2 in an hour. Birds moved further than was necessary simply to reach food and water. No agonistic interactions were observed and there was no evidence that crowding was a physical restraint on bird movement. 6. Results indicated that birds were not generally attached to a particular site in the shed and that social factors did not restrict movement. Some implications of bird movement are discussed with regard to performance, welfare and leg abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Preston
- Pig and Poultry Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia
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Bourgeois PM, Darland NW, Fife BP, Fullerton RR, Moore PG, Murphy LB, Pyles SH. Applying a conceptual framework to ADN education. AD Nurse 1988; 3:25-8. [PMID: 3196632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
1. Field observations were made on the effect of food depth in pans on the feeding and drinking behaviour of commercially grown broiler chickens aged between 17 and 43 d. 2. The group of birds receiving less food in pans had longer visits to the pans, occupied their feeding space more completely, evicted each other more often from pans and were more 'competitive' and less 'relaxed' when feeding. 3. These observations provide data about the feeding and drinking behaviour of broiler chickens reared in commercial conditions and emphasise how environmental factors, particularly food management, can influence bird behaviour. 4. The potential for qualitative and quantitative changes of feeding behaviour to affect performance is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Murphy
- Pig and Poultry Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
An objective structured interview is an integral part of the process of selecting and admitting applicants to study medicine at this university. During the nine years (to the end of 1986) that the interview has been used 1600 candidates were interviewed out of roughly 13,000 applicants, and from these, 584 students were admitted to the course. Analysis of the interview data was carried out based on two aspects of student progress: graduation with honours and failure to complete the course of study. The interview as a whole, and especially some of the subscales, appears to identify students who may fail to complete the course: it may also help to predict which students are likely to graduate with honours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Powis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Murphy LB. Developmental integration in childhood. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1972; 193:253-9. [PMID: 4561096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb27842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Murphy LB. Children under three...finding ways to stimulate development. I. Issues in research. Children 1969; 16:46-52. [PMID: 5788887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Murphy LB, Solnit AJ, Fishman JR. A psychotherapeutic aide in a Headstart program. II. Commentary. Children 1969; 16:18-22. [PMID: 5819214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Murphy LB. The consultant in a day-care center for deprived children. Children 1968; 15:97-102. [PMID: 5694993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Murphy LB. Spontaneous ways of learning in young children. Children 1967; 14:210-6. [PMID: 6060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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