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Cordero-Martinez FC, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Riojas-Hernández ED, Molina-Torres CA. Isolation and characterization of nontuberculous mycobacteria in drinking water of Monterrey, Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2023; 66:10-11. [PMID: 38065110 DOI: 10.21149/15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Demartology Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleutorio González. Monterrey, Mexico..
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Demartology Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleutorio González. Monterrey, Mexico..
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Molina-Torres C, Pedraza-Rodríguez C, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Rivas-Morales C, Viveros-Valdez E. Antimycobacterial Activity of Hedeoma drummondii against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050833. [PMID: 37237736 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem worldwide, and the emergence of multi-resistant strains to first-line drugs has become the biggest obstacle to its treatment. On the other hand, the incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in humans has increased remarkably in recent years. The search for new and better treatments against mycobacterial infections is a constant at the global level. Hence, in this study, we propose to investigate the antimycobacterial effect of the extracts and major compounds of Hedeoma drummondii against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria: M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae. To determine the antimycobacterial activity, a microdilution assay was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the different strains of Mycobacterium. The methanolic extract presented the best activity against M. tuberculosis, inhibiting ten of the twelve strains analyzed at a concentration < 2500 µg/mL; meanwhile, the hexanic extract presented the best activity against non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) by inhibiting eight of the ten strains studied at ≤625 µg/mL. Moreover, there is a strong positive correlation between the antimycobacterial activity of pulegone and the hexanic extract against non-tuberculous strains, so this compound could serve as a predictability marker against these types of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Molina-Torres
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pedraza-Rodríguez
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Catalina Rivas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
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Molina-Torres CA, Quinn FD, Castro-Garza J, Gómez-Velasco A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Bencomo-Alerm A, Sánchez-Pérez HJ, Muñoz-Jiménez S, Rendón A, Ansari A, Sharma M, Singh P, Vera-Cabrera L. Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates From an Amerindian Population in Chiapas, México. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:875909. [PMID: 35909960 PMCID: PMC9326120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.875909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of the genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates found in a Mexican-Amerindian setting. In this study, we analyzed isolates collected from the Highlands region of Chiapas, Mexico, by using spoligotyping and whole-genome sequencing analyses. Seventy-three M. tuberculosis isolates were analyzed initially by spoligotyping; no new spoligotypes were identified. Nineteen percent of the isolates were identified as SIT53 (T1) (n = 14), followed by SIT42 (14%, n = 10, LAM9) and SIT119 (11%; n = 8, X1). SIT53, SIT42, and orphan isolates (16.4%, n = 12) constituted about 50% of the isolates studied and were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Most SIT53 (10/12) isolates belonged to the Euro-American sub-lineage 4.8. Most SIT42 isolates (4/7) as .well as most orphan isolates (5/8) belonged to the lineage 4.3.3 LAM group. By comparing the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns of the SIT53 isolates, we found one clone (<7 SNPs) and four clustered isolates (<15 SNPs). In isolates from the SIT42 and orphan groups, we did not find any clones or clusters. This work demonstrates the success of sub-lineage 4.8 to predominate in Mexico and confirms the dominion of sub-lineage 4.3.3 in Central and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Molina-Torres
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Frederick D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Anaximandro Gómez-Velasco
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alied Bencomo-Alerm
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, región Altos de Chiapas, Instituto de Salud del Estado de Chiapas, Secretaría de Salud (SSA), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Muñoz-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, región Altos de Chiapas, Instituto de Salud del Estado de Chiapas, Secretaría de Salud (SSA), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
| | - Adrián Rendón
- Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Afzal Ansari
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Genomics Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Mukul Sharma
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Genomics Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Genomics Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Lucio Vera-Cabrera,
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Vera-Cabrera L, Ramos-Cavazos CJ, Youssef NA, Pearce CM, Molina-Torres CA, Avalos-Ramirez R, Gagneux S, Ocampo-Candiani J, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Mayorga-Rodriguez JA, Mayorga-Garibaldi L, Spencer JS, Jackson M, Avanzi C. Mycobacterium leprae Infection in a Wild Nine-Banded Armadillo, Nuevo León, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Vera-Cabrera L, Ramos-Cavazos CJ, Youssef NA, Pearce CM, Molina-Torres CA, Avalos-Ramirez R, Gagneux S, Ocampo-Candiani J, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Mayorga-Rodriguez JA, Mayorga-Garibaldi L, Spencer JS, Jackson M, Avanzi C. Mycobacterium leprae Infection in a Wild Nine-Banded Armadillo, Nuevo León, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:747-749. [PMID: 35202538 PMCID: PMC8888246 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.211295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) are naturally infected with Mycobacterium leprae and are implicated in the zoonotic transmission of leprosy in the United States. In Mexico, the existence of such a reservoir remains to be characterized. We describe a wild armadillo infected by M. leprae in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Arvizu-Rivera RI, Moreno-Salinas A, Molina-Torres C, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Galarza-Delgado DA, Esquivel-Valerio JA. Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by Borrelia afzelii in an unusual geographical zone. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3995-3996. [PMID: 32533150 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa I Arvizu-Rivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Vera-Cabrera L, Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Gallardo-Rocha A, Molina-Torres CA, Escalante-Fuentes W, Ocampo-Candiani J. Case Report: Coral Reef Pathogen Aspergillus sydowii Causing Black Grain Mycetoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:871-873. [PMID: 33399044 PMCID: PMC7941817 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycetoma is an infrequent subcutaneous infection caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). We report the case of a 62-year-old man with eumycetoma involving the left foot and ankle. Skin biopsy revealed black-brown grains, and in culture, a white colony fungus grew at day 8. Molecular sequencing using ITS1-ITS4 primers identified the species as Aspergillus sydowii. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily and terbinafine 250 mg daily for 8 months, with complete response and no recurrence after 2.5 years of follow-up. Aspergillus sydowii is a saprotrophic fungus that rarely causes skin or nail disease. No cases of eumycetoma caused by this agent have been previously reported. As its geographic distribution continues to expand, it may increasingly be recognized as a cause of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | | | - Adrian Cuellar-Barboza
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Anabel Gallardo-Rocha
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Carmen Amelia Molina-Torres
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Wendy Escalante-Fuentes
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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Cardenas–de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Welsh O, Suarez Sanchez KP, Cruz-Gomez LG, Cruz-Valadez EDL, Vera-Cabrera L. 18063 Geographic distribution, climate, and soil type of mycetoma cases in northeast Mexico. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Molina-Torres CA, Flores-Castillo ON, Carranza-Torres IE, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Viveros-Valdez E, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Verde-Star J, Castro-Garza J, Carranza-Rosales P. Ex vivo infection of murine precision-cut lung tissue slices with Mycobacterium abscessus: a model to study antimycobacterial agents. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:52. [PMID: 33222688 PMCID: PMC7680588 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant infections due to Mycobacterium abscessus often require complex and prolonged regimens for treatment. Here, we report the evaluation of a new ex vivo antimicrobial susceptibility testing model using organotypic cultures of murine precision-cut lung slices, an experimental model in which metabolic activity, and all the usual cell types of the organ are found while the tissue architecture and the interactions between the different cells are maintained. Methods Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were prepared from the lungs of wild type BALB/c mice using the Krumdieck® tissue slicer. Lung tissue slices were ex vivo infected with the virulent M. abscessus strain L948. Then, we tested the antimicrobial activity of two drugs: imipenem (4, 16 and 64 μg/mL) and tigecycline (0.25, 1 and 4 μg/mL), at 12, 24 and 48 h. Afterwards, CFUs were determined plating on blood agar to measure the surviving intracellular bacteria. The viability of PCLS was assessed by Alamar Blue assay and corroborated using histopathological analysis. Results PCLS were successfully infected with a virulent strain of M. abscessus as demonstrated by CFUs and detailed histopathological analysis. The time-course infection, including tissue damage, parallels in vivo findings reported in genetically modified murine models for M. abscessus infection. Tigecycline showed a bactericidal effect at 48 h that achieved a reduction of > 4log10 CFU/mL against the intracellular mycobacteria, while imipenem showed a bacteriostatic effect. Conclusions The use of this new organotypic ex vivo model provides the opportunity to test new drugs against M. abscessus, decreasing the use of costly and tedious animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Amelia Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - Irma Edith Carranza-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Nancy Elena Guzmán-Delgado
- División de Investigación en Salud, UMAE, Hospital de Cardiología #34, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Julia Verde-Star
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México.
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Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Ancer-Arellano J, Cruz-Gomez LG, Villarreal-Villarreal CD, Gallardo-Rocha A, Vera-Cabrera L, Vazquez-Martinez O, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Paronychia and Target Lesions After Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. Cutis 2020; 106:168;179-180. [PMID: 33186419 DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Cuellar-Barboza
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jesus Ancer-Arellano
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Cruz-Gomez
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Anabel Gallardo-Rocha
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Vazquez-Martinez
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez," Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Welsh O, Cuellar-Barboza A, Suarez-Sanchez KP, Cruz-Gomez LG, De la Cruz-Valadez E, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L. Climate, soil type, and geographic distribution of actinomycetoma cases in Northeast Mexico: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232556. [PMID: 32384126 PMCID: PMC7209257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous infection of subcutaneous tissue, that may involve deep structures and bone. It can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). There is an epidemiological association between mycetoma and the environment, including rainfall, temperature and humidity but there are still many knowledge gaps in the identification of the natural habitat of actinomycetes, their primary reservoir, and their precise geographical distribution. Knowing the potential distribution of this infection and its ecological niche in endemic areas is relevant to determine disease management strategies and etiological agent habitat or reservoirs. Methodology/principal findings This was an ambispective descriptive study of 31 patients with actinomycetoma. We determined the biophysical characteristics including temperature, precipitation, soil type, vegetation, etiological agents, and mapped actinomycetoma cases in Northeast Mexico. We identified two disease cluster areas. One in Nuevo Leon, with a predominantly kastanozems soil type, with a mean annual temperature of 22°, and a mean annual precipitation of 585.2 mm. Herein, mycetoma cases were produced by Actinomadura pelletieri, Actinomadura madurae, Nocardia brasiliensis, and Nocardia spp. The second cluster was in San Luis Potosí, where lithosols soil type predominates, with a mean annual temperature of 23.5° and a mean annual precipitation of 635.4 mm. In this area, all the cases were caused by N. brasiliensis. A. madurae cases were identified in rendzinas, kastanozems, vertisols, and lithosols soils, and A. pelletieri cases in xerosols, kastanozems, and rendzinas soils. Previous thorn trauma with Acacia or Prosopis plants was referred by 35.4% of subjects. In these states, the presence of thorny plants, such as Acacia spp., Prosopis spp., Senegalia greggi, Vachellia farnesiana and Vachellia rigidula, are common. Conclusions/significance Mapping this neglected tropical infection aids in the detection of disease cluster areas, the development of public health strategies for early diagnosis and disease prediction models; this paves the way for more ecological niche etiological agent research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Adrian Cuellar-Barboza
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Karina Paola Suarez-Sanchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Cruz-Gomez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Estephania De la Cruz-Valadez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Cárdenas-de la Garza JA, Welsh O, Cuéllar-Barboza A, Suarez-Sánchez KP, De la Cruz-Valadez E, Cruz-Gómez LG, Gallardo-Rocha A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L. Clinical characteristics and treatment of actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico: A case series. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008123. [PMID: 32097417 PMCID: PMC7059949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by nodules, scars, abscesses, and fistulae that drain serous or purulent material containing the etiological agent. Mycetoma may be caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or filamentous aerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma). Mycetoma is more frequent in the so-called mycetoma belt (latitude 15° south and 30° north around the Tropic of Cancer), especially in Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia, India, Mexico, and Venezuela. The introduction of new antibiotics with fewer side effects, broader susceptibility profiles, and different administration routes has made information on actinomycetoma treatment and outcomes necessary. The objective of this report was to provide an update on clinical, therapeutic, and outcome data for patients with actinomycetoma attending a reference center in northeast Mexico. Methodology/principal findings This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of 31 patients (male to female ratio 3.4:1) diagnosed with actinomycetoma by direct grain examination, histopathology, culture, or serology from January 2009 to September 2018. Most lesions were caused by Nocardia brasiliensis (83.9%) followed by Actinomadura madurae (12.9%) and Actinomadura pelletieri (3.2%). About 50% of patients had bone involvement, and the right leg was the most commonly affected region in 38.7% of cases. Farmers/agriculture workers were most commonly affected, representing 41.9% of patients. The most commonly used treatment regimen was the Welsh regimen (35.5% of cases), a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) plus amikacin, which had a 90% cure rate, followed by TMP/SMX plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in 19.4% of cases with a cure rate of 100%. In our setting, 28 (90.3%) patients were completely cured and three (9.7%) were lost to follow-up. Four patients required multiple antibiotic regimens due to recurrences and adverse effects. Conclusions/significance In our sample, actinomycetoma was predominantly caused by N. brasiliensis. Most cases responded well to therapy with a combination of TMP/SMX with amikacin or TMP/SMX and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Four patients required multiple antibiotics and intrahospital care. Mycetoma is a chronic skin disease that can invade bone or underlying organs. Inadequate treatment may lead to long-lasting disability. Information about treatment is scarce. We report the outcomes of 31 patients with a diagnosis of bacterial actinomycetoma attending a tertiary care hospital in northeast Mexico. Most cases were treated with a combination of antibiotics including TMP/SMX plus amikacin or TMP/SMX plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Cure was achieved in 90% of patients and only one required surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Cárdenas-de la Garza
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Adrián Cuéllar-Barboza
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Karina Paola Suarez-Sánchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Estephania De la Cruz-Valadez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Luis Gerardo Cruz-Gómez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Anabel Gallardo-Rocha
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
- * E-mail:
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13
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García-Lozano JA, García-Berlanga CC, Viveros-Rosado RT, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vargas-Villarreal J, Vera-Cabrera L. A novel experimental immunomodulatory therapy against Nocardia brasiliensis in a BALB/c murine model. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:544-548. [PMID: 31729068 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycetoma is recognized as a neglected tropical disease and there are still therapeutic challenges, especially in cases recalcitrant to standard therapy or with high risk of dissemination. Subcultures have been used previously to decrease the virulence of human pathogens. Previous reports have demonstrated that after carrying out 200 subcultures of Nocardia brasiliensis, a decrease in virulence was observed. AIM To evaluate the effect of attenuated N. brasiliensis strains on the development of lesions in an established mycetoma infection. METHODS Female 8-12-week-old BALB/c mice were injected with N. brasiliensis suspension to establish a mycetoma. Sixty mice were selected and divided into three groups: two of these groups were inoculated in the dorsum with N. brasiliensis subcultured 200 and 400 times, respectively, while the third group served as control. The thickness of each lesion was measured with calipers every week for 12 weeks. RESULTS After 12 weeks, we observed that inoculation of 1 × 105 colony-forming units of attenuated N. brasiliensis strains was able to modify the natural history of the infection, with a decrease in the size of the lesions, particularly with P400, compared with the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this experimental evaluation of an immunomodulatory therapy with attenuated N. brasiliensis strains in a murine model, there was a greater stability in the size of the lesion over time in BALB/c mice inoculated with the P400 strain. This treatment could open the possibility of using the attenuated strain as immunomodulatory therapy in patients recalcitrant to standard therapy, with high risk of dissemination or who develop drug-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A García-Lozano
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José E. González', Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - C C García-Berlanga
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José E. González', Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - R T Viveros-Rosado
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José E. González', Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J Ocampo-Candiani
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José E. González', Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J Vargas-Villarreal
- Northeast Biomedical Research Centre, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - L Vera-Cabrera
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José E. González', Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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14
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Gonzalez-Benavides N, Vera-Cabrera L, Sanchez-Meza E, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Diaminodiphenyl-sulphone: in vitro activity alone and in combination with other antimicrobials against 30 strains of Nocardia brasiliensis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e395-e396. [PMID: 31063602 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Gonzalez-Benavides
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - L Vera-Cabrera
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - E Sanchez-Meza
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - O Welsh
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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15
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Schilling AK, Avanzi C, Ulrich RG, Busso P, Pisanu B, Ferrari N, Romeo C, Mazzamuto MV, McLuckie J, Shuttleworth CM, Del-Pozo J, Lurz PWW, Escalante-Fuentes WG, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L, Stevenson K, Chapuis JL, Meredith AL, Cole ST. British Red Squirrels Remain the Only Known Wild Rodent Host for Leprosy Bacilli. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:8. [PMID: 30775369 PMCID: PMC6367869 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the British Isles are the most recently discovered animal reservoir for the leprosy bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Initial data suggest that prevalence of leprosy infection is variable and often low in different squirrel populations. Nothing is known about the presence of leprosy bacilli in other wild squirrel species despite two others (Siberian chipmunk [Tamias sibiricus], and Thirteen-lined ground squirrel [Ictidomys tridecemlineatus]) having been reported to be susceptible to experimental infection with M. leprae. Rats, a food-source in some countries where human leprosy occurs, have been suggested as potential reservoirs for leprosy bacilli, but no evidence supporting this hypothesis is currently available. We screened 301 squirrel samples covering four species [96 Eurasian red squirrels, 67 Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), 35 Siberian chipmunks, and 103 Pallas's squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus)] from Europe and 72 Mexican white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) for the presence of M. leprae and M. lepromatosis using validated PCR protocols. No DNA from leprosy bacilli was detected in any of the samples tested. Given our sample-size, the pathogen should have been detected if the prevalence and/or bacillary load in the populations investigated were similar to those found for British red squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katarina Schilling
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Global Health Institute, Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Philippe Busso
- Global Health Institute, Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Pisanu
- Département Homme et Environment, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.,Agence Française pour la Biodiversité, Centre d'expertise et de Données sur la Nature, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche ed Applicate, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W W Lurz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy G Escalante-Fuentes
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Jean-Louis Chapuis
- Département Homme et Environment, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anna L Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Global Health Institute, Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Ancer-Arellano J, Cuellar-Barboza A, Saenz-Ibarra B, Ocampo-Garza SS, Barboza-Quintana O, Gallardo-Rocha A, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Disseminated Trichosporon asahii infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. J Dermatol 2018; 46:e128-e129. [PMID: 30295013 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la Garza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jesus Ancer-Arellano
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Adrian Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Barbara Saenz-Ibarra
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sonia Sofia Ocampo-Garza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Oralia Barboza-Quintana
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Anabel Gallardo-Rocha
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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17
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Molina-Torres CA, Tamez-Peña L, Castro-Garza J, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L. Evaluation of the intracellular activity of drugs against Mycobacterium abscessus using a THP-1 macrophage model. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 148:29-32. [PMID: 29626567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness against M. abscessus in a THP-1 cell line model. No intracellular activity was observed when using amikacin or imipenem. A bacteriostatic effect was observed for cefoxitin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. Tigecycline showed the best antibacterial effect by decreasing the intracellular growth up to bactericidal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Amelia Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Lorena Tamez-Peña
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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18
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Carranza-Rosales P, Carranza-Torres IE, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Lozano-Garza G, Villarreal-Treviño L, Molina-Torres C, Villarreal JV, Vera-Cabrera L, Castro-Garza J. Modeling tuberculosis pathogenesis through ex vivo lung tissue infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:126-132. [PMID: 29050759 PMCID: PMC7106348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental models have been used to study TB pathogenesis and induction of immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Precision cut lung tissue slices (PCLTS) is an experimental model, in which all the usual cell types of the organ are found, the tissue architecture and the interactions amongst the different cells are maintained. PCLTS in good physiological conditions, monitored by MTT assay and histology, were infected with either virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv or the TB vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Histological analysis showed that bacilli infecting lung tissue slices were observed in the alveolar septa, alveolar light spaces, near to type II pneumocytes, and inside macrophages. Mycobacterial infection of PCLTS induced TNF-α production, which is consistent with previous M. tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo studies. This is the first report of using PCLTS as a system to study M. tuberculosis infection. The PCLTS model provides a useful tool to evaluate the innate immune responses and other aspects during the early stages of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de Abril 501 ote, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Irma Edith Carranza-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de Abril 501 ote, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Pedro de Alba y Manuel L, Barragán s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Nancy Elena Guzmán-Delgado
- Departamento de Patología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad # 34, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, N.L. 64730, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Lozano-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de Abril 501 ote, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Pedro de Alba y Manuel L, Barragán s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Carmen Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de Abril 501 ote, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de Abril 501 ote, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Castro-Garza J, García-Jacobo P, Rivera-Morales LG, Quinn FD, Barber J, Karls R, Haas D, Helms S, Gupta T, Blumberg H, Tapia J, Luna-Cruz I, Rendon A, Vargas-Villarreal J, Vera-Cabrera L, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Detection of anti-HspX antibodies and HspX protein in patient sera for the identification of recent latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181714. [PMID: 28813434 PMCID: PMC5558980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen causing tuberculosis (TB) a spectrum of disease including acute and asymptomatic latent stages. Identifying and treating latently-infected patients constitutes one of the most important impediments to TB control efforts. Those individuals can remain undiagnosed for decades serving as potential reservoirs for disease reactivation. Tests for the accurate diagnosis of latent infection currently are unavailable. HspX protein (α-crystallin), encoded by Rv2031c gene, is produced in vitro by M. tuberculosis during stationary growth phase and hypoxic or acidic culture conditions. In this study, using standard, and Luminex xMAP® bead capture ELISA, respectively, we report on detection of anti-HspX IgG and IgM antibodies and HspX protein in sera from acute and latent TB patients. For the antibody screen, levels of IgG and IgM antibodies were similar between non-infected and active TB patients; however, individuals classified into the group with latent TB showed higher values of anti-HspX IgM (p = 0.003) compared to active TB patients. Using the bead capture antigen detection assay, HspX protein was detected in sera from 56.5% of putative latent cases (p< 0.050) compared to the background median with an average of 9,900 pg/ml and a range of 1,000 to 36,000 pg/ml. Thus, presence of anti-HspX IgM antibodies and HspX protein in sera may be markers of latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Paola García-Jacobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Lydia G. Rivera-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Frederick D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James Barber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Russell Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Debra Haas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shelly Helms
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tuhina Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Henry Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jane Tapia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Itza Luna-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adrián Rendon
- Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias (CIPTIR), Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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Ocampo-Garza J, Welsh-Hernández E, Ramos-Jiménez J, Robles-Mendez JC, Martínez-Cabriales SA, Vera-Cabrera L, Gómez-Flores M, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Botryomycosis and coccidiomycosis of the foot. Australas J Dermatol 2017; 58:239-240. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ocampo-Garza
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Esperanza Welsh-Hernández
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Javier Ramos-Jiménez
- Infectious Diseases Service; “Dr José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - Juan Carlos Robles-Mendez
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Sylvia Aide Martínez-Cabriales
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Minerva Gómez-Flores
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Dermatology Department; “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Nuevo León México
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Avanzi C, Del-Pozo J, Benjak A, Stevenson K, Simpson VR, Busso P, McLuckie J, Loiseau C, Lawton C, Schoening J, Shaw DJ, Piton J, Vera-Cabrera L, Velarde-Felix JS, McDermott F, Gordon SV, Cole ST, Meredith AL. Red squirrels in the British Isles are infected with leprosy bacilli. Science 2017; 354:744-747. [PMID: 27846605 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy, caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae or the recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was once endemic in humans in the British Isles. Red squirrels in Great Britain (Sciurus vulgaris) have increasingly been observed with leprosy-like lesions on the head and limbs. Using genomics, histopathology, and serology, we found M. lepromatosis in squirrels from England, Ireland, and Scotland, and M. leprae in squirrels from Brownsea Island, England. Infection was detected in overtly diseased and seemingly healthy animals. Phylogenetic comparisons of British and Irish M. lepromatosis with two Mexican strains from humans show that they diverged from a common ancestor around 27,000 years ago, whereas the M. leprae strain is closest to one that circulated in Medieval England. Red squirrels are thus a reservoir for leprosy in the British Isles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Avanzi
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen Stevenson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Victor R Simpson
- Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater, Cornwall, UK
| | - Philippe Busso
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joyce McLuckie
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Chloé Loiseau
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin Lawton
- School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janne Schoening
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren J Shaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Scotland, UK
| | - Jérémie Piton
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Jesùs S Velarde-Felix
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Fergal McDermott
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anna L Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Scotland, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix
- *Address correspondence to Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix, Centro de Medicina Genómica del Hospital General de Culiacán Bernardo J. Gastélum, Juan Aldama y Nayarit S/N, Col. Rosales, 80230 Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. E-mail:
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Ocampo-Garza J, Herz-Ruelas M, Chavez-Alvarez S, Gómez-Flores M, Vera-Cabrera L, Welsh-Lozano O, Gallardo-Rocha A, Escalante-Fuentes W, Ocampo-Candiani J. Disseminated fusariosis with endophthalmitis after skin trauma in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e121-e123. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ocampo-Garza
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - M.E. Herz-Ruelas
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - S. Chavez-Alvarez
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - M. Gómez-Flores
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - L. Vera-Cabrera
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - O. Welsh-Lozano
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - A. Gallardo-Rocha
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - W.G. Escalante-Fuentes
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
| | - J. Ocampo-Candiani
- Dermatology Department; University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey México
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Enciso-Moreno JA, Molina-Salinas GM, Silva-Ramírez B, Padilla-Rivas GR, Vera-Cabrera L, Torres-de-la-Cruz VM, Martínez-Martínez YB, Ortega-García JL, Garza-Treviño EN, Enciso-Moreno L, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Becerril-Montes P, Said-Fernández S. Correlations between major risk factors and closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates grouped by three current genotyping procedures: a population-based study in northeast Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 109:814-9. [PMID: 25317710 PMCID: PMC4238775 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB
transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were
genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer
oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of
tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were
grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes. Spearman’s rank correlation
coefficients between the groups of MTB isolates with similar genotypes and those
patient characteristics indicating a risk for a pulmonary TB (PTB) chain transmission
were ana- lysed. The isolates showing similar genotypes were distributed as follows:
SMR (5%), SM (12.5%), SR (1.67%), MR (0%), S (46.67%), M (5%) and R (0%). The
remaining 35 cases were orphans. SMR exhibited a significant correlation (p <
0.05) with visits to clinics, municipalities and comorbidities (primarily diabetes
mellitus). S correlated with drug consumption and M with comorbidities. SMR is needed
to identify a social network in metropolitan areas for PTB transmission and S and M
are able to detect risk factors as secondary components of a transmission chain of
TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Herminia Guadalupe Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - José Antonio Enciso-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Gerardo Raymundo Padilla-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - Yazmin Berenice Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge Luis Ortega-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Elsa Nancy Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Leonor Enciso-Moreno
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Pola Becerril-Montes
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
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Flores-Treviño S, Morfín-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, González-Díaz E, Pérez-Gómez HR, Bocanegra-García V, Vera-Cabrera L, Garza-González E. Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Guadalajara, Mexico and identification of a rare multidrug resistant Beijing genotype. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118095. [PMID: 25695431 PMCID: PMC4335057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains allows identification of the distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes responsible for tuberculosis in different regions. Several studies have reported the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains in Mexico, but little information is available from the state of Jalisco. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Western Mexico. Sixty-eight M. tuberculosis isolates were tested for susceptibility to first-line drugs using manual Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube method and genotyped using spoligotyping and IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analyses. Forty-seven (69.1%) isolates were grouped into 10 clusters and 21 isolates displayed single patterns by spoligotyping. Three of the 21 single patterns corresponded to orphan patterns in the SITVITWEB database, and 1 new type that contained 2 isolates was created. The most prevalent lineages were T (38.2%), Haarlem (17.7%), LAM (17.7%), X (7.4%), S (5.9%), EAI (1.5%) and Beijing (1.5%). Six (12.8%) of the clustered isolates were MDR, and type 406 of the Beijing family was among the MDR isolates. Seventeen (26.2%) isolates were grouped into 8 clusters and 48 isolates displayed single patterns by IS6110-RFLP. Combination of IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping reduced the clustering rate to 20.0%. The results show that T, Haarlem, and LAM are predominant lineages among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in Guadalajara, Mexico. Clustering rates indicated low transmission of MDR strains. We detected a rare Beijing genotype, SIT406, which was a highly resistant strain. This is the first report of this Beijing genotype in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, y el Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, y el Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Esteban González-Díaz
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, y el Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Héctor R. Pérez-Gómez
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, y el Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
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Molina-Torres CA, Barba-Marines A, Valles-Guerra O, Ocampo-Candiani J, Cavazos-Rocha N, Pucci MJ, Castro-Garza J, Vera-Cabrera L. Intracellular activity of tedizolid phosphate and ACH-702 versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 24708819 PMCID: PMC3986449 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the emergency of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is necessary the evaluation of new compounds. Findings Tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone, and ACH-702, a new isothiazoloquinolone, were tested against M. tuberculosis infected THP-1 macrophages. These two compounds significantly decreased the number of intracellular mycobacteria at 0.25X, 1X, 4X and 16X the MIC value. The drugs were tested either in nanoparticules or in free solution. Conclusion Tedizolid and ACH-702 have a good intracellular killing activity comparable to that of rifampin or moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hopital Universitario, UANL, C,P, Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico.
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Cavazos-Rocha N, Carmona-Alvarado I, Vera-Cabrera L, Waksman-de-Torres N, Salazar-Cavazos MDLL. HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Fluoroquinolones and Oxazolidinones in Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 52:1281-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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López-Martínez R, Méndez-Tovar LJ, Bonifaz A, Arenas R, Mayorga J, Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Padilla-Desgarennes MC, Contreras Pérez C, Chávez G, Estrada R, Hernández-Hernández F, Manzano-Gayosso P. [Update on the epidemiology of mycetoma in Mexico. A review of 3933 cases]. GAC MED MEX 2013; 149:586-592. [PMID: 24108347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycetoma is one of the most frequent chronic subcutaneous infections in many tropical and subtropical regions. OBJECTIVE To update the epidemiological data of mycetoma cases in Mexico. METHOD A survey in the main mycological diagnosis centers in this country was performed. Each mycologist was requested for number of diagnosed mycetoma cases, age, sex, occupation, geographic origin, type of mycetoma, and etiological agents. RESULTS Until 2012, we have registered 3,933 cases in the last 54 years. Sex distribution corresponds to 75.6% for men and 24.4% for women. In 75.72% is present in adults between 16-50 years old. The predominant work group of patients is farmers (58.41%) followed by housewives (21.79%). Most of patients come from Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Guerrero, Veracruz and Michoacan states. The most affected body areas are limbs (60.29%) and trunk (19.76%). Actinomycetoma has a frequency of 96.52%, and the commonest etiological agent is Nocardia brasiliensis (65.58%). Eumycetoma (3.48%) is mainly caused by Madurella grisea (28.47%) and M. mycetomatis (26.28%). CONCLUSIONS Mycetoma is an under-diagnosed pathology representing a health problem in rural regions and must be attended with more interest by the health institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, D.F.
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Vera-Cabrera L, Ortiz-Lopez R, Elizondo-Gonzalez R, Ocampo-Candiani J. Complete genome sequence analysis of Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 reveals a saprobic lifestyle and the genes needed for human pathogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65425. [PMID: 23755230 PMCID: PMC3670865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia brasiliensis is an important etiologic agent of mycetoma. These bacteria live as a saprobe in soil or organic material and enter the tissue via minor trauma. Mycetoma is characterized by tumefaction and the production of fistula and abscesses, with no spontaneous cure. By using mass sequencing, we determined the complete genomic nucleotide sequence of the bacteria. According to our data, the genome is a circular chromosome 9,436,348-bp long with 68% G+C content that encodes 8,414 proteins. We observed orthologs for virulence factors, a higher number of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, and gene clusters for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, terpenes, and polyketides. An in silico analysis of the sequence supports the conclusion that the bacteria acquired diverse genes by horizontal transfer from other soil bacteria, even from eukaryotic organisms. The genome composition reflects the evolution of bacteria via the acquisition of a large amount of DNA, which allows it to survive in new ecological niches, including humans.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Bacterial/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA Transposable Elements
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Genome, Bacterial
- Humans
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Mycetoma/microbiology
- Mycetoma/pathology
- Nocardia/drug effects
- Nocardia/genetics
- Nocardia/metabolism
- Nocardia/pathogenicity
- Nocardia Infections/microbiology
- Nocardia Infections/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigación Dermatológica, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, UANL, Monterrey, NL, México.
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Vera-Cabrera L, Salinas-Carmona MC, Waksman N, Messeguer-Pérez J, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Host defenses in subcutaneous mycoses. Clin Dermatol 2012; 30:382-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Welsh O, Morales-Toquero A, Vera-Cabrera L, Cabrera-Vera L, Vazquez-Martinez O, Gómez-Flores M, Ocampo-Candiani J. Actinomycetoma of the scalp after a car accident. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:854-7. [PMID: 21699522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomycetoma is the most frequent type of mycetoma in Mexico. Localization on the scalp is very rare. Because of this topography and potential spread to the brain, the present case became a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with a 6 × 5 cm red, friable, granulomatous, vascular neoformation on the scalp and eye diagnosed as Nocardia brasiliensis actinomycetoma. RESULTS A combination of amikacin and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) was successfully administered with an excellent outcome and no side effects. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare presentation of mycetoma of the scalp that was cured in 12 weeks with a combination of amikacin and SXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Welsh
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose E. Gonzalez, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Almaguer-Chávez JA, Welsh O, Lozano-Garza HG, Said-Fernández S, Romero-Díaz VJ, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L. Decrease of virulence for BALB/c mice produced by continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:290. [PMID: 22029431 PMCID: PMC3215677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subculturing has been extensively used to attenuate human pathogens. In this work we studied the effect of continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 on virulence in a murine model. Methods Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 was subcultured up to 130 times on brain heart infusion over four years. BALB/c mice were inoculated in the right foot pad with the bacteria subcultured 0, 40, 80, 100 and 130 times (T0, T40, T80 T100 and T130). The induction of resistance was tested by using T130 to inoculate a group of mice followed by challenge with T0 12 weeks later. Biopsies were taken from the newly infected foot-pad and immunostained with antibodies against CD4, CD8 and CD14 in order to analyze the in situ immunological changes. Results When using T40, T80 T100 and T130 as inoculums we observed lesions in 10, 5, 0 and 0 percent of the animals, respectively, at the end of 12 weeks. In contrast, their controls produced mycetoma in 80, 80, 70 and 60% of the inoculated animals. When studying the protection of T130, we observed a partial resistance to the infection. Immunostaining revealed an intense CD4+ lymphocytic and macrophage infiltrate in healing lesions. Conclusions After 130 in vitro passages of N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1 a severe decrease in its virulence was observed. Immunization of BALB/c mice, with these attenuated cells, produced a state of partial resistance to infection with the non-subcultured isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth A Almaguer-Chávez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E, González, Monterrey, N,L,, 64460 México
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González R, Welsh O, Ocampo J, Hinojosa-Robles RM, Vera-Cabrera L, Delaney ML, Gómez M. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients in northern Mexico. Int J Dermatol 2011; 49:1003-7. [PMID: 20931669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobials are essential in acne therapy. In the last decades, Propionibacterium acnes has become resistant to different antibiotics. OBJECTIVE To determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. acnes to frequently used drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cutaneous lesion samples were obtained from 50 patients with acne vulgaris, which were cultured in anaerobic media to demonstrate the presence of P. acnes. After that, antimicrobial susceptibility tests to tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and levofloxacin were performed. RESULTS In the general study group, resistance to azithromycin was 82%, the most prevalent one (P < 0.05), followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68%) and erythromycin (46%). On the other hand, all strains isolated were susceptible to minocycline. Resistance bias were similar when subgroups with and without the previous antimicrobial therapy were performed, finding a low prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines and levofloxacin in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In our region, P. acnes is highly resistant to azithromycin, SXT, erythromycin and clindamycin; and being very susceptible to minocycline, levofloxacin and tetracycline, in vitro in both groups: with and without the previous antibiotic use. To our knowledge, high resistance prevalence to azithromycin and SXT has never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger González
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, México.
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Espinoza-Gonzalez N, Welsh O, Ocampo-Candiani J, Said-Fernandez S, Lozano-Garza G, Choi S, Vera-Cabrera L. Evaluation of the Combined Therapy of DA-7218, a New Oxazolidinone, and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Experimental Actinomycetoma by Nocardia brasiliensis. Curr Drug Deliv 2010; 7:225-9. [DOI: 10.2174/156720110791560946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Molina-Torres CA, Castro-Garza J, Ocampo-Candiani J, Monot M, Cole ST, Vera-Cabrera L. Effect of serial subculturing on the genetic composition and cytotoxic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:384-391. [PMID: 20056774 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.015966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous subculture has been observed to produce changes in the virulence of micro-organisms, e.g. rabies virus, poliovirus and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The latter has been used as a vaccine for tuberculosis for the last 100 years; however, in some instances its efficacy has been observed to be very low. In order to determine whether similar changes can be produced in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we selected four isolates, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, a Beijing strain (DR-689), and two more isolates with deletion of the phospholipase C locus (plcA-plcB-plcC ), and subjected them to serial culturing on Middlebrook 7H9 medium, with or without ox bile. After 100 passages, we performed RFLP-IS6110 analysis to determine whether genomic changes were produced. We also checked their genomic composition by microarray analysis. Changes in virulence were studied by measuring the cytotoxic effect of parental and subcultured isolates on a THP-1 macrophage monolayer. The most visible change was the change of position of an IS6110 band of approximately 1400 bp to approximately 1600 bp in the Beijing isolate subcultured in the ox bile medium. Analysis by microarray and PCR confirmation did not reveal any genomic changes. Cytotoxic activity was decreased in the isolates at levels close to that of BCG, and more consistently in those subcultured in the presence of ox bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'JoséE. González', Monterrey NL, Mexico
| | - J Castro-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular,Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, MonterreyNL, Mexico
| | - J Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'JoséE. González', Monterrey NL, Mexico
| | - M Monot
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne, EPFL SV/GHI/UPCOL, Station no. 15, CH-1015 Lausanne,Switzerland
| | - S T Cole
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne, EPFL SV/GHI/UPCOL, Station no. 15, CH-1015 Lausanne,Switzerland
| | - L Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'JoséE. González', Monterrey NL, Mexico
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Viader-Salvadó JM, Flores-Gracia J, Vega-Alonso AS, Treviño-Alvarado VM, Molina-Torres CA, Vera-Cabrera L, Guerrero-Olazarán M. Simplified amplified-fragment length polymorphism method for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 78:331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vera-Cabrera L, Espinoza-González NA, Welsh O, Ocampo-Candiani J, Castro-Garza J. Activity of novel oxazolidinones against Nocardia brasiliensis growing within THP-1 macrophages. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:1013-7. [PMID: 19710075 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardia are organisms that can escape the effects of both immune response and antimicrobial agents, due to their potential capacity to grow intracellularly. In previous studies, we found that experimental oxazolidinones, DA-7157 and DA-7218, are active both in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVES In this study, we compare the ability of linezolid, DA-7157 and DA-7218 to inhibit intracellular growth of Nocardia brasiliensis within the human monocyte cell line THP-1. METHODS AND RESULTS The addition of oxazolidinones to the infected macrophage monolayer at concentrations 0.25x, 1x, 4x and 16x the MIC for N. brasiliensis resulted in an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth as follows DA-7157 > or = DA-7218 > linezolid. CONCLUSIONS The excellent intracellular antimicrobial activity detected suggests that these compounds could be effective in the treatment of actinomycetoma. However, more studies are needed both in vitro and in vivo, including clinical trials, to confirm this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E. González, Monterrey, N.L., México.
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Vera-Cabrera L, Daw-Garza A, Said-Fernández S, Lozano-Garza HG, de Torres NW, Rocha NC, Ocampo-Candiani J, Choi SH, Welsh O. Therapeutic effect of a novel oxazolidinone, DA-7867, in BALB/c mice infected with Nocardia brasiliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2:e289. [PMID: 18820738 PMCID: PMC2553479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of tropical and subtropical countries. It is produced by true fungi and actinobacteria. In México, Nocardia brasiliensis is the main causative agent of mycetoma, producing about 86% of the cases; the gold standard for the therapy of mycetoma by N. brasiliensis is the use of sulfonamides which give a 70% cure rate. The addition of amikacin to this regime increases to 95% the cure rate; however, the patients have to be monitored for creatinine clearance and audiometry studies because of the potential development of side effects. Because of that it is important to search for new active compounds. In the present work, we evaluated the in vivo effect of DA-7867, an experimental oxazolidinone, on the development of experimental mycetomas by N. brasiliensis in BALB/c mice. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to determine the optimal dose utilized to apply to the animals, we first determined by HPLC the plasma levels using several concentrations of the compounds. Based on these results, we used 10 and 25 mg/kg subcutaneously every 24 hr; DA-7867 was also supplied in the drinking water at a calculated dose of 25 mg/kg. As a control we utilized linezolid at 25 mg/kg, a compound active in murine and human infections, three times a day. The mice were infected in the right footpad with a young culture of N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1, and one week later we started the application of the antimicrobials for six more weeks. After that we compared the development of lesions in the groups injected with saline solution or with the antimicrobials; the results were analyzed by the variance ANOVA test. DA-7867 was able to reduce the production of lesions at 25 mg/kg, when given either subcutaneously or in the drinking water. Conclusions/Significance The experimental oxazolidinone DA-7867 is active in vivo against N. brasiliensis, which opens the possibility of using this drug once it is accepted for human application. Since oxazolidinones seem to be active against a wide spectrum of actinobacteria, it is possible they could be used in human cases of mycetoma by other actinomycetales, such as Streptomyces somaliensis, highly prevalent in Sudan, or Actinomadura madurae and A. pelletieri, which are commonly observed in Africa and India. Actinomycetoma is an infectious disease of tropical and subtropical regions produced by actinobacteria of the genera Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Actinomadura. Therapeutic alternatives are scarce and include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, diaminodiphenylsulfone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, and amikacin. Oxazolidinones are a new class of antimicrobials with a completely different cellular target; the first compound in the market, linezolid, was introduced in the year 2000. It is active against many species of Nocardia and other aerobic actinomycetes; however, the long-term application in human subjects produces side effects including peripheral neuropathy and mielossupression. Therefore, it is important to screen other oxazolidinones with higher activity and less toxicity. In the present work, we tested DA-7867, a new oxazolidinone, in an experimental mouse model. The drug is active in vivo and decreases the production of lesions using only one dose a day in contrast to linezolid, which needs to be injected three times a day. Although it was tested on N. brasiliensis, it can possibly be active (once it is accepted for its use in humans) against Actinomadura spp and Streptomyces spp, which are frequently found in places of Africa and India where actinomycetoma is also an important consult in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
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López-Martínez R, Manzano-Gayosso P, Welsh O, Salinas-Carmona MC, Vera-Cabrera L, Méndez-Tovar LJ, Vásquez-del ME, Arenas R, Hernández-Hernández F. [Current status of medical mycology in Mexico]. GAC MED MEX 2008; 144:121-136. [PMID: 18590032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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Castro-Matteotti B, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Rendón A, Salinas-Carmona MC, Welsh O. Immune response to Nocardia brasiliensis extracellular antigens in patients with mycetoma. Mycopathologia 2008; 165:127-34. [PMID: 18302006 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of culture-filtrate proteins to induce a cellular immune response in infected mice and humans was investigated. A crude extract culture filtrate of Nocardia brasiliensis (CFA) and five semi-purified CFA fractions (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) were used to stimulate BALB/c mice spleen-cell cultures. The animals were divided into three groups: the first group was infected with 1 x 10(7) CFU of N. brasiliensis in the footpad, the second group was immunized with heat-killed bacteria, and the third was injected with sterile saline. IFN-gamma, IL-1alpha, and IL-4 concentrations were determined in culture supernatants. Protein fractions eliciting IFN-gamma production in mice, as well as the CFA, were used to stimulate IFN-gamma production and in vitro cell proliferation assays with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with actinomycetoma by N. brasiliensis, individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, and healthy controls. In mice, CFA and three of the protein fractions (P3, P4 and P5) induced significant IFN-gamma production in the infected group. In humans, only the CFA-induced IFN-gamma production and cell proliferation in the group of patients with actinomycetoma. There was no stimulation in tuberculosis patients nor healthy controls. These results suggest that some culture-filtrate antigens are recognized by patients with active actinomycetoma and do not cross-react with M. tuberculosis antigens, being therefore potential candidates to develop a diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Castro-Matteotti
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E. González, UANL, Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, CP 64710, México
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Castro-Garza J, Barrios-García HB, Cruz-Vega DE, Said-Fernández S, Carranza-Rosales P, Molina-Torres CA, Vera-Cabrera L. Use of a colorimetric assay to measure differences in cytotoxicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:733-737. [PMID: 17510256 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several techniques have been used to quantify the cytotoxicity produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli on cell monolayers; however, they are semi-quantitative or time consuming. Herein, a method based on crystal violet (CV) uptake by THP-1 cell monolayers is described. This colorimetric method quantifies the cytotoxic effect as a function of the number of remaining cells after the infection with M. tuberculosis. Since this micro-organism is not stained by the dye, it does not produce a background that affects absorbance readings. As determined by CV assay (CVA), M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv destroyed 10.5 % of THP-1 cell monolayers at 24 h and 50.52 % at 72 h, while M. tuberculosis strains lacking the complete phospholipase C locus produced a reduced cytotoxic effect. The damage estimated by microscopy corresponded to the effect quantified by CVA. The results show that the use of CVA is a rapid, sensitive and reliable quantitative assay to measure the cytotoxicity of different M. tuberculosis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Hugo B Barrios-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Delia Elva Cruz-Vega
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carmen A Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'José E. González', Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'José E. González', Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Fernández-Reyes M, Gómez M, Ocampo J. Cutaneous tuberculosis confirmed by PCR in three patients with biopsy and culture negative for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:734-5. [PMID: 17614804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.02965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Welsh
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E. González, Monterrey, NL, México.
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Abstract
Mycetoma is a granulomatous infection affecting mainly the feet and lower extremities. It can be caused either by aerobic, branched actinomycetes or by eumycetes. Most cases are found in tropical and subtropical regions. The infection is usually produced by the introduction of the etiologic agents through minor wounds caused by thorns and wood splinters. Clinically the disease begins as small, firm nodules that can enlarge to form extensive lesions with fistulae and abscesses with pus containing granules of the causative microorganisms. Antimicrobials and surgery are used in the management of mycetoma. The actinomycetomas generally respond well to antimicrobials. For eumycetomas, surgery may be required. New therapeutic options for drug-resistant cases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Welsh
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital, UANL, Monterrey, NL 64460, México.
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Cavazos-Rocha N, Vera-Cabrera L, Welsh-Lozano O, Waksman-de-Torres N, de la Luz Salazar-Cavazos M. Simultaneous determination and validation of antimicrobials in plasma and tissue of actinomycetoma by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1775-81. [PMID: 17289329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 12/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, precise, and reliable chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination in plasma and infected tissue of five antimicrobials proposed for the treatment of actinomycotic mycetoma: amoxicillin, trimethoprim, linezolid, sulfamethoxazole and garenoxacin. Separation of the analytes was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, ID 5 microm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (ATF) 0.1% (v/v) using a gradient program. The detection was carried out using a diode array detector at 254 nm and in a fluorescence detector at wavelengths of excitation and emission of 292 nm and 392 nm for linezolid and sulfamethoxazole, and 292 nm and 408 nm for garenoxacin, respectively. The intraday precision was in the range of 0.7-15% of relative standard deviations (%R.S.D.) for plasma and 1-18% for tissue. Linearity range was from 2.4 to 20 microg/ml for amoxicillin, 0.3 to 20 microg/ml for trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and linezolid, and 0.3 to 10 microg/ml for garenoxacin. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate proteins from plasma. Recoveries in plasma ranged from 71% to 118% and in infected tissue from 78% to 122%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 1.2 and 0.5 microg/ml for amoxicillin in plasma and tissue, respectively and 0.15 and 1.2 microg/ml in plasma and tissue, respectively for the other antimicrobials. The method can be applied for individual or simultaneous determination of the antimicrobials in plasma and tissue of mouse infected with actinomycetoma.
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Vera-Cabrera L, Molina-Torres CA, Hernández-Vera MA, Barrios-García HB, Blackwood K, Villareal-Treviño L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O, Castro-Garza J. Genetic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with deletions in the plcA–plcB–plcC locus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:21-9. [PMID: 16704934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
SETTING The basis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is not completely understood. Analysis of the genomic structure of clinical isolates will give information that can be related to biological activities involved in virulence. OBJECTIVE To determine the extension of the deletion in the plcA-plcB-plcC locus of selected M. tuberculosis isolates, as well as other changes in the chromosome. DESIGN In the present work we characterized a group of M. tuberculosis isolates devoid of the plcA-plcB-plcC locus by PCR, sequencing and microarrays. RESULTS PCR amplification of this region demonstrated a complete lack of plcA and plcB ORF's in all of the isolates. The plcC gene was completely deleted in one of the strains (DR-689) and the other three isolates still conserved part of this ORF. The loss of lateral DNA sequences ranged from 3723 to 7646bp. An IS6110 element was present in all tested strains cases, and some isolates presented the insertion of ORF's coding for proteins homologous to the ESAT-6 and QILSS families. Genomic DNA of all the strains was extracted and analyzed with an in-house microarray system to observe loss of other genes possibly implicated in attenuated virulence. Two of the strains presented novel deletions; the rest of the isolates showed deletions already reported for other M. tuberculosis strains. DR-689, a Beijing type M. tuberculosis strain isolated in Canada, showed an IS6110 RFLP and a genomic deletion pattern similar to a San Francisco family of strains, although completely unrelated epidemiologically. CONCLUSION Genomic changes in M. tuberculosis seem to occur in a controlled manner and they are possibly related to changes in its pathogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E. González, Madero y Gonzálitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L., México.
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