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Salvador-Martín S, Rubbini G, Vellosillo P, Zapata-Cobo P, Velasco M, Palomino LM, Clemente S, Segarra O, Moreno-Álvarez A, Fernández-Lorenzo A, Pérez-Moneo B, Montraveta M, Sánchez C, Tolín M, Loverdos I, Fobelo MJ, Navas-López VM, Magallares L, García-Romero R, Torres-Peral R, Rodríguez A, Bossacoma F, Merino-Bohórquez V, Salcedo E, Álvarez R, Dopazo A, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Blood gene expression biomarkers of response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases before initiation of treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116299. [PMID: 38401525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Changes in gene expression profiles among individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) could potentially influence the responsiveness to anti-TNF treatment. The aim of this study was to identify genes that could serve as predictors of early response to anti-TNF therapies in pediatric IBD patients prior to the initiation of treatment. METHODS We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, and multicenter study, enrolling 24 pediatric IBD patients aged less than 18 years who were initiating treatment with either infliximab or adalimumab. RNA-seq from blood samples was analyzed using the DESeq2 library by comparing responders and non-responders to anti-TNF drugs. RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses unveiled 102 differentially expressed genes, with 99 genes exhibiting higher expression in responders compared to non-responders prior to the initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Functional enrichment analyses highlighted defense response to Gram-negative bacteria (FDR = 2.3 ×10-7) as the most significant biological processes, and hemoglobin binding (FDR = 0.002), as the most significant molecular function. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed notable enrichment in transcriptional misregulation in cancer (FDR = 0.016). Notably, 13 genes (CEACAM8, CEACAM6, CILP2, COL17A1, OLFM4, INHBA, LCN2, LTF, MMP8, DEFA4, PRTN3, AZU1, and ELANE) were selected for validation, and a consistent trend of increased expression in responders prior to drug administration was observed for most of these genes, with findings for 4 of them being statistically significant (CEACAM8, LCN2, LTF2, and PRTN3). CONCLUSIONS We identified 102 differentially expressed genes involved in the response to anti-TNF drugs in children with IBDs and validated CEACAM8, LCN2, LTF2, and PRTN3. Genes participating in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, serine-type endopeptidase activity, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer are good candidates for anticipating the response to anti-TNF drugs in children with IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salvador-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gianluca Rubbini
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Perceval Vellosillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación Materno Infantil Fundación Familia Alonso (UDIMIFFA), Spain.
| | - Paula Zapata-Cobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Velasco
- Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mar Tolín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - María José Fobelo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Bossacoma
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Rebeca Álvarez
- Genomics Unit, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Zapata-Cobo P, Salvador-Matín S, Velasco M, Palomino LM, Clemente S, Segarra O, Moreno-Álvarez A, Fernández-Lorenzo A, Pérez-Moneo B, Montraveta M, Sánchez C, Tolín M, Loverdos I, Fobelo MJ, Navas-López VM, Magallares L, García-Romero R, Sánchez-Hernández JG, Rodríguez A, Bossacoma F, Balboa MJ, Salcedo E, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Comments on: Polymorphisms indicating risk of inflammatory bowel disease or antigenicity to anti-TNF drugs as biomarkers of response in children. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106938. [PMID: 37748560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zapata-Cobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Salvador-Matín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Velasco
- Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mar Tolín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José Fobelo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Bossacoma
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Lozano-Ros A, Martínez-Ginés ML, García-Domínguez JM, Salvador-Martín S, Goicochea-Briceño H, Cuello JP, Meldaña-Rivera A, Higueras-Hernández Y, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, Álvarez-Sala-Walther LA, López-Fernández LA. Changes in the Expression of TGF-Beta Regulatory Pathway Genes Induced by Vitamin D in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14447. [PMID: 37833895 PMCID: PMC10572771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an environmental factor related to multiple sclerosis that plays a significant role in immune regulation. TGF-β is a superfamily of cytokines with an important dual effect on the immune system. TGF-β inhibits the Th1 response while facilitating the preservation of regulatory T cells (FOXP3+) in an immunoregulatory capacity. However, when IL-6 is present, it stimulates the Th17 response. Our aim was to analyze the regulatory effect of vitamin D on the in vivo TGF-β signaling pathway in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). A total of 21 patients with vitamin D levels < 30 ng/mL were recruited and supplemented with oral vitamin D. All patients were receiving disease-modifying therapy, with the majority being on natalizumab. Expression of SMAD7, ERK1, ZMIZ1, BMP2, BMPRII, BMP4, and BMP5 was measured in CD4+ lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood at baseline and one and six months after supplementation. SMAD7 was overexpressed at six months with respect to baseline and month one. ERK1 was overexpressed at six months with respect to month one of treatment. No significant differences in expression were observed for the remaining genes. No direct correlation was found with serum vitamin D levels. BMPRII expression changed differentially in non-natalizumab- versus natalizumab-treated patients. Changes were observed in the expression of ERK1, BMP2, and BMP5 based on disease activity measured using the Rio-Score, BMP2 in patients who had relapses, and BMP5 in those whose EDSS worsened. Our results suggest indirect regulation of vitamin D in TGF-β pathway genes in patients with RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lozano-Ros
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - María L. Martínez-Ginés
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - José M. García-Domínguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Sara Salvador-Martín
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Haydee Goicochea-Briceño
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Juan P. Cuello
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Ariana Meldaña-Rivera
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Yolanda Higueras-Hernández
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Luis A. Álvarez-Sala-Walther
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis A. López-Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
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Zapata-Cobo P, Salvador-Martín S, Velasco M, Palomino LM, Clemente S, Segarra O, Moreno-Álvarez A, Fernández-Lorenzo A, Pérez-Moneo B, Montraveta M, Sánchez C, Tolín M, Loverdos I, Fobelo MJ, Navas-López VM, Magallares L, García-Romero R, Sánchez-Hernández JG, Rodríguez A, Bossacoma F, Balboa MJ, Salcedo E, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Polymorphisms indicating risk of inflammatory bowel disease or antigenicity to anti-TNF drugs as biomarkers of response in children. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106859. [PMID: 37473877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Few genetic polymorphisms predict early response to anti-TNF drugs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even fewer have been identified in the pediatric population. However, it would be of considerable clinical interest to identify and validate genetic biomarkers of long-term response. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of biomarkers of response to anti-TNFs in pediatric IBD (pIBD) as long-term biomarkers and to find differences by type of IBD and type of anti-TNF drug. The study population comprised 340 children diagnosed with IBD who were treated with infliximab or adalimumab. Genotyping of 9 selected SNPs for their association with early response and/or immunogenicity to anti-TNFs was performed using real-time PCR. Variants C rs10508884 (CXCL12), A rs2241880 (ATG16L1), and T rs6100556 (PHACTR3) (p value 0.049; p value 0.03; p value 0.031) were associated with worse long-term response to anti-TNFs in pIBD. DNA variants specific to disease type and anti-TNF type were identified in the pediatric population. Genotyping of these genetic variants before initiation of anti-TNFs would enable, if validated in a prospective cohort, the identification of pediatric patients who are long-term responders to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zapata-Cobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Salvador-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Velasco
- Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Tolín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Jesús Fobelo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Bossacoma
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Salvador-Martín S, Arias A, López-Cauce B, Marín-Jiménez I, Menchén LA, Marín-Rubio L, Ontañón Rodríguez J, López-Fernández LA, Lucendo AJ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADAM17, IL23R and SLCO1C1 genes protect against infliximab failure in adults with Crohn's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114225. [PMID: 36621146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict primary failure of infliximab (IFX) therapy in Crohn's disease (CD) and to identify patients who maintain long-term effectiveness to IFX is currently not feasible. Some genetic variations are proposed as potential biomarkers. AIM We assessed a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the IFX mechanism of action and the presence of HLA-DQA1 * 05 allele on the primary response and long-term durability in CD patients. METHODS A multi-centre cross-sectional study of IFX-exposed adult patients with CD was undertaken. Treatment persistence and time to failure were co-primary endpoints. DNA from the 131 patients was genotyped. Association between SNPs and clinical variables with IFX persistence was assessed. RESULTS Failure to IFX was documented in 65 (49.6%) out of 131 patients. IFX persistence was associated either with carrying the TT genotype in ADAM17 rs10929587 (ORa=0.2; 95%CI=0.1-0.8; p = 0.021), or the CC genotype in SLCO1C1 rs3794271 (ORa=0.2; 95%CI=0.1-0.7; p = 0.008), according to multivariate logistic regression. In contrast, previous bowel resection increased the risk of IFX failure (ORa=2.8; 95%CI=1.1-7.3; p = 0.025). Cox regression analysis confirmed these findings and also identified IL23R rs10489629-TT (HRa 0.41; 95%CI=0.22-0.75; p = 0.004) and concomitant immunosuppressants (HRa 0.46; 95%CI=0.27-0.77; p = 0.003) as protection from IFX failure. However, no association between HLA-DQA1 * 05 allele and persistence of IFX therapy was found, with similar failure rates among carriers and non-carriers (52.8% vs. 47.4%, respectively; p = 0.544). CONCLUSIONS SNPs rs10929587-TT in ADAM17, rs10489629-TT in IL23R and rs3794271-CC in SLCO1C1, together with no previous bowel surgery and concomitant immunosuppression, were identified as protection from failure to IFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Laserna-Mendieta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain; Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - S Salvador-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Arias
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain; Research Unit, Hospital General Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - B López-Cauce
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Marín-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Menchén
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Marín-Rubio
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Ontañón Rodríguez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - L A López-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Salvador-Martín S, Zapata-Cobo P, Velasco M, Palomino LM, Clemente S, Segarra O, Sánchez C, Tolín M, Moreno-Álvarez A, Fernández-Lorenzo A, Pérez-Moneo B, Loverdos I, Navas López VM, Millán A, Magallares L, Torres-Peral R, García-Romero R, Pujol-Muncunill G, Merino-Bohorquez V, Rodríguez A, Salcedo E, López-Cauce B, Marín-Jiménez I, Menchén L, Laserna-Mendieta E, Lucendo AJ, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Association between HLA DNA Variants and Long-Term Response to Anti-TNF Drugs in a Spanish Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021797. [PMID: 36675312 PMCID: PMC9861004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic polymorphisms rs2395185 and rs2097432 in HLA genes have been associated with the response to anti-TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim was to analyze the association between these variants and the long-term response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric IBD. We performed an observational, multicenter, ambispective study in which we selected 340 IBD patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with IBD and treated with anti-TNF drugs from a network of Spanish hospitals. Genotypes and failure of anti-TNF drugs were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox logistic regression. The homozygous G allele of rs2395185 and the C allele of rs2097432 were associated with impaired long-term response to anti-TNF drugs in children with IBD after 3 and 9 years of follow-up. Being a carrier of both polymorphisms increased the risk of anti-TNF failure. The SNP rs2395185 but not rs2097432 was associated with response to infliximab in adults with CD treated with infliximab but not in children after 3 or 9 years of follow-up. Conclusions: SNPs rs2395185 and rs2097432 were associated with a long-term response to anti-TNFs in IBD in Spanish children. Differences between adults and children were observed in patients diagnosed with CD and treated with infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salvador-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Zapata-Cobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Velasco
- Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cesar Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Tolín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Inés Loverdos
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Millán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Universidad de Sevilla, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Pujol-Muncunill
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz López-Cauce
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Laserna-Mendieta
- Departamento of Gastroenterología, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Departamento of Gastroenterología, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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García-Alfonso P, Saiz-Rodríguez M, Mondéjar R, Salazar J, Páez D, Borobia AM, Safont MJ, García-García I, Colomer R, García-González X, Herrero MJ, López-Fernández LA, Abad-Santos F. Consensus of experts from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology for the genotyping of DPYD in cancer patients who are candidates for treatment with fluoropyrimidines. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:483-494. [PMID: 34773566 PMCID: PMC8885558 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of cancer, especially gastrointestinal tumors and breast cancer, but their administration can produce serious and even lethal toxicity. This toxicity is often related to the partial or complete deficiency of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme, which causes a reduction in clearance and a longer half-life of 5-FU. It is advisable to determine if a DPD deficiency exists before administering these drugs by genotyping DPYD gene polymorphisms. The objective of this consensus of experts, in which representatives from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology participated, is to establish clear recommendations for the implementation of genotype and/or phenotype testing for DPD deficiency in patients who are candidates to receive fluoropyrimidines. The genotyping of DPYD previous to treatment classifies individuals as normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers. Normal metabolizers do not require changes in the initial dose, intermediate metabolizers should start treatment with fluoropyrimidines at doses reduced to 50%, and poor metabolizers are contraindicated for fluoropyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-Alfonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), C/Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Saiz-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Fundación Burgos por la Investigación de la Salud (FBIS), Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Burgos, Spain
| | - R Mondéjar
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Salazar
- Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Páez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Barcelona, España
| | - A M Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Safont
- Medical Oncology Service, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERONC, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Valencia, Spain
| | - I García-García
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Colomer
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa y Cátedra de Medicina Personalizada de Precisión de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Madrid, Spain
| | - X García-González
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Herrero
- Pharmacogenetics Platform, IIS La Fe-Hospital La Fe and Pharmacology Department, Universidad de Valencia, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Valencia, Spain
| | - L A López-Fernández
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sociedad Española de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (SEFF), C/Diego de León, 62., 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Salvador-Martín S, Melgarejo-Ortuño A, López-Fernández LA. Biomarkers for Optimization and Personalization of Anti-TNFs in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111786. [PMID: 34834201 PMCID: PMC8617733 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological drugs has improved outcomes in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prediction of the response to biological drugs would be extremely useful in IBD, and even more so in children, who are still growing physically and psychologically. Specific clinical, biochemical, and genetic parameters are considered predictive of response to biological drugs, although few studies have been carried out in children with IBD. In this review, we present current evidence on biological treatments used in pediatric IBD and the available biomarkers of response. We examine demographics, clinical characteristics, biomarkers (genetic, genomic, and cellular), and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salvador-Martín
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (A.M.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Melgarejo-Ortuño
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (A.M.-O.)
| | - Luis A. López-Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (A.M.-O.)
- Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Salvador-Martín S, Marín-Jiménez I, Menchén LA, López-Cauce B, López-Fernández LA, Lucendo AJ. Comparison of a new rapid method for determination of serum anti-adalimumab and anti-infliximab antibodies with two established ELISA kits. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114003. [PMID: 33714800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adalimumab (ADL), infliximab (IFX) and their biosimilars are widely used biological drugs. Some patients, however, generate neutralizing antibodies that hamper the effectiveness of these drugs. Evidence shows therapeutic drug monitoring of serum levels ADL/IFX and anti-drug antibodies (ADA) is useful to improve treatment effectiveness. We evaluated a new rapid quantitative method, Quantum Blue (QB), for determining serum anti-ADL and anti-IFX antibodies (Research Use Only labelling) by comparing it with two established ELISA kits, Promonitor (PM) and Lisa-Tracker (LT). METHODS Eighty samples (40 for each drug type) were analysed. Percentage of agreement and kappa statistic were used to compare positive/negative ADA results. Clinical implications for drug treatment in the patients with discordant results were evaluated. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences for ADA detection in patients with disease flare and without concomitant immunosuppressant treatment. RESULTS Agreement exceeded 80 % among anti-ADL methods. Although LT ELISA showed a lower capacity in detecting anti-ADL antibodies, discrepancies were found for levels close to the cut-off concentration, thus having minimal impact on clinical decisions. Conversely, QB anti-IFX displayed low agreement with PM and LT ELISA kits (67.5 % and 50 %, respectively), and was unable to detect high levels of antibodies, therefore having major clinical implications. Agreement between PM and LT ELISA anti-IFX kits was 82.5 % with all discordant results being undetected for PM and slightly positive for LT. CONCLUSION QB anti-ADL shows similar performance to ELISA kits while QB anti-IFX needs further improvements to achieve reliable antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Laserna-Mendieta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain; Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Salvador-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Menchén
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Cauce
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Ruiz-Pinto S, Pita G, Martín M, Nuñez-Torres R, Cuadrado A, Shahbazi MN, Caronia D, Kojic A, Moreno LT, de la Torre-Montero JC, Lozano M, López-Fernández LA, Ribelles N, García-Saenz JA, Alba E, Milne RL, Losada A, Pérez-Moreno M, Benítez J, González-Neira A. Regulatory CDH4 Genetic Variants Associate With Risk to Develop Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:462-470. [PMID: 32757270 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome (CiHFS) is a common dermatological adverse reaction affecting around 30% of patients with capecitabine-treated cancer, and the main cause of dose reductions and chemotherapy delays. To identify novel genetic factors associated with CiHFS in patients with cancer, we carried out an extreme-phenotype genomewide association study in 166 patients with breast and colorectal capecitabine-treated cancer with replication in a second cohort of 85 patients. We discovered and replicated a cluster of four highly correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to CiHFS at 20q13.33 locus (top hit = rs6129058, hazard ratio = 2.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.78-3.20; P = 1.2 × 10-8 ). Using circular chromosome conformation capture sequencing, we identified a chromatin contact between the locus containing the risk alleles and the promoter of CDH4, located 90 kilobases away. The risk haplotype was associated with decreased levels of CDH4 mRNA and the protein it encodes, R-cadherin (RCAD), which mainly localizes in the granular layer of the epidermis. In human keratinocytes, CDH4 downregulation resulted in reduced expression of involucrin, a protein of the cornified envelope, an essential structure for skin barrier function. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that skin from patients with severe CiHFS exhibited low levels of RCAD and involucrin before capecitabine treatment. Our results uncover a novel mechanism underlying individual genetic susceptibility to CiHFS with implications for clinically relevant risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruiz-Pinto
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Nuñez-Torres
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuadrado
- Chromosome Dynamics Group. Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta N Shahbazi
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniela Caronia
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Kojic
- Chromosome Dynamics Group. Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia T Moreno
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio C de la Torre-Montero
- San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Lozano
- Laboratory and Research Divison, Taper, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Pharmacy Department, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Ribelles
- UGC Oncología Intercentros, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose A García-Saenz
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- UGC Oncología Intercentros, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group. Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirna Pérez-Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Hamzic S, Kummer D, Froehlich TK, Joerger M, Aebi S, Palles C, Thomlinson I, Meulendijks D, Schellens JH, García-González X, López-Fernández LA, Amstutz U, Largiadèr CR. Evaluating the role of ENOSF1 and TYMS variants as predictors in fluoropyrimidine-related toxicities: An IPD meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Salvador-Martín S, López-Cauce B, Nuñez O, Laserna-Mendieta EJ, García MI, Lobato E, Abarca-Zabalía J, Sanjurjo-Saez M, Lucendo AJ, Marín-Jiménez I, Menchén LA, López-Fernández LA. Genetic predictors of long-term response and trough levels of infliximab in crohn's disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104478. [PMID: 31605784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several factors, such as trough serum anti-TNF levels, have been associated with response to therapy in Crohn's disease. However, this association is observed after initiation of treatment. Identifying DNA variants may prove useful for predicting long-term response or failure to these drugs before initiation of treatment. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants associated with long-term response to infliximab and trough levels in Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS An observational, longitudinal study was conducted. We analyzed blood samples from 132 infliximab-treated patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease from 2 hospitals. We genotyped 21 polymorphisms previously related to anti-TNF response in genes involved in the NFkB-mediated inflammatory response, TNFα-signaling and cytokines regulated by NFkB, using real-time PCR. Trough infliximab levels were measured using ELISA. The association between SNPs and time-to-failure (defined as the time from the initiation of induction therapy to the date of treatment withdrawal due to a primary or secondary failure) was analyzed using log-rank test. The association between SNPs and supra-(>7 μg/mL) or infratherapeutic (<3 μg/mL) infliximab trough levels was analyzed using a linear-by-linear association chi-squared test. RESULTS Two SNPs in TLR2, rs1816702 and rs3804099, and 1 SNP in TNFRSF1B, rs1061624, were associated with long-term response (up to ten years follow-up) to infliximab (HR, 0.13 [95%CI, 0.02-1.00], p < 0.05; HR, 0.39 [95%CI, 0.18-0.88], p < 0.05; and HR, 0.04 [95%CI, 0.18-0.92] p > 0.05, respectively). In addition, IL6 rs10499563 C and IL10 rs1800872 A were associated with supratherapeutic trough infliximab levels; IL10 rs3024505 T was associated with infratherapeutic levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Genotyping of the variants identified in the genes encoding TLR2, TNFRSF1B, IL6 and IL10 reported herein represent a promising tool for the identification and selection of those patients who will benefit most from infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salvador-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Cauce
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Nuñez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María I García
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lobato
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Abarca-Zabalía
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo-Saez
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Center for liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Center for liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Menchén
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Center for liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Spain.
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Salvador-Martiín S, García-González X, García MI, Blanco C, García-Alfonso P, Robles L, Grávalos C, Pachón V, Longo F, Martínez V, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Comments on: “Clinical utility of ABCB1 genotyping for preventing toxicity in treatment with irinotecan”. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Salvador-Martín S, García-González X, García MI, Blanco C, García-Alfonso P, Robles L, Grávalos C, Pachón V, Longo F, Martínez V, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Clinical utility of ABCB1 genotyping for preventing toxicity in treatment with irinotecan. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:133-139. [PMID: 30213564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preventing severe irinotecan-induced adverse reactions would allow us to offer better treatment and improve patients' quality of life. Transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and genes involved in the folate pathway have been associated with irinotecan-induced toxicity. We analyzed 12 polymorphisms in UGT1A1, ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC4, ABCC5, and MTHFR in 158 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and studied the association with grade >2 adverse reactions (CTCAE). Among the most frequent ADRs, the SNPs rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs1045642 in ABCB1 and rs1801133 in MTHFR were associated with hematological toxicity and overall toxicity. The SNP rs11568678 in ABCC4 was also associated with overall toxicity. After correction of P values using a false discovery rate, only ABCB1 variants remained statistically significant. Haplotype analysis in ABCB1 showed an 11.3-fold and 4.6-fold increased risk of hematological toxicity (95% CI, 1.459-88.622) and overall toxicity (95% CI, 2.283-9.386), respectively. Consequently, genotyping of the three SNPs in ABCB1 can predict overall toxicity and hematological toxicity with a diagnostic odds ratio of 4.40 and 9.94, respectively. Genotyping of ABCB1 variants can help to prevent severe adverse reactions to irinotecan-based treatments in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salvador-Martín
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xandra García-González
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María I García
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Robles
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Grávalos
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pachón
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRICYS), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRICYS), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra García-González
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Pellicer M, García-González X, García MI, Blanco C, García-Alfonso P, Robles L, Grávalos C, Rueda D, Martínez J, Pachón V, Longo F, Martínez V, Iglesias I, Salvador S, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. Use of exome sequencing to determine the full profile of genetic variants in the fluoropyrimidine pathway in colorectal cancer patients affected by severe toxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1215-1223. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify genetic variants associated with capecitabine toxicity in fluoropyrimidine pathway genes using exome sequencing. Patients & methods: Exomes from eight capecitabine-treated patients with severe adverse reactions (grade >2), among a population of 319, were sequenced (Ion Proton). SNPs in genes classified as potentially damaging (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant and Polymorphism Phenotyping v2) were tested for association with toxicity in a validation cohort of 319 capecitabine-treated patients. Results: A total of 17 nonsynonymous genetic variants were identified. Of these, five putative damaging SNPs in DPYD, ABCC4 and MTHFR were genotyped in the validation cohort. DPYD rs1801160 was associated with the risk of toxicity (p = 0.029) and MTHFR rs1801133 with delayed administration of chemotherapy due to toxicity (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Exome sequencing revealed two specific biomarkers of the risk of toxicity to capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pellicer
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xandra García-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Robles
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Grávalos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rueda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pachón
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Pharmacology Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Salvador
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Pellicer M, García-González X, García MI, Robles L, Grávalos C, García-Alfonso P, Pachón V, Longo F, Martínez V, Blanco C, Iglesias I, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. Identification of new SNPs associated with severe toxicity to capecitabine. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:133-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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García-González X, Cabaleiro T, Herrero MJ, McLeod H, López-Fernández LA. Clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2016; 31:9-16. [PMID: 26751902 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, pharmacogenetic research has been performed in different fields. However, the application of pharmacogenetic findings to clinical practice has not been as fast as desirable. The current situation of clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics is discussed. This review focuses on the advances of pharmacogenomics to individualize cancer treatments, the relationship between pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics in the clinical course of transplant patients receiving a combination of immunosuppressive therapy, the needs and barriers facing pharmacogenetic clinical application, and the situation of pharmacogenetic testing in Spain. It is based on lectures presented by speakers of the Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics Symposium at the VII Conference of the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society, held in April 20, 2015.
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Cortejoso L, García-González X, García MI, García-Alfonso P, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. Cost-effectiveness of screening for DPYD polymorphisms to prevent neutropenia in cancer patients treated with fluoropyrimidines. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:979-84. [PMID: 27248859 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the cost of screening for three mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene and the costs of treating severe fluoropyrimidine-induced neutropenia. MATERIALS & METHODS The polymorphisms rs3918290 (DPYD*2A), rs67376798 (DPYD 2846A>T) and rs55886062 (1679T>G, DPYD*13) were genotyped using real-time PCR, TaqMan probes and a rapid cell lysis to provide PCR-ready DNA. RESULTS We found that genotyping 1000 patients in our center cost €6400 and that the mean cost of treating severe neutropenia was €3044. Therefore, if severe fluoropyrimidine-induced neutropenia is reduced by genotyping the three DPYD variations in at least 2.21 cases per 1000 treated patients, then DPYD genotyping will prove cost effective. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that real-time DPYD genotyping using TaqMan probes is cost effective in all fluoropyrimidine-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cortejoso
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xandra García-González
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I García
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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García-González X, Cortejoso L, García MI, García-Alfonso P, Robles L, Grávalos C, González-Haba E, Marta P, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. Variants in CDA and ABCB1 are predictors of capecitabine-related adverse reactions in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6422-30. [PMID: 25691056 PMCID: PMC4467446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse reactions to capecitabine-based chemotherapy limit full administration of cytotoxic agents. Likewise, genetic variations associated with capecitabine-related adverse reactions are associated with controversial results and a low predictive value. Thus, more evidence on the role of these variations is needed. We evaluated the association between nine polymorphisms in MTHFR, CDA, TYMS, ABCB1, and ENOSF1 and adverse reactions, dose reductions, treatment delays, and overall toxicity in 239 colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine-based regimens. The ABCB1*1 haplotype was associated with a high risk of delay in administration or reduction in the dose of capecitabine, diarrhea, and overall toxicity. CDA rs2072671 A was associated with a high risk of overall toxicity. TYMS rs45445694 was associated with a high risk of delay in administration or reduction in the dose of capecitabine, HFS >1 and HFS >2. Finally, ENOSF1 rs2612091 was associated with HFS >1, but was a poorer predictor than TYMS rs45445694. A score based on ABCB1-CDA polymorphisms efficiently predicts patients at high risk of severe overall toxicity (PPV, 54%; sensitivity, 43%) in colorectal cancer patients treated with regimens containing capecitabine. Polymorphisms in ABCB1, CDA, ENOSF1,and TYMS could help to predict specific and overall severe adverse reactions to capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra García-González
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Cortejoso
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I García
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Robles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Grávalos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva González-Haba
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pellicer Marta
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Cortejoso L, García MI, García-Alfonso P, Grávalos C, Robles L, González-Haba E, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. [Validation of genetic polymorphisms associated to the toxicity of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients]. Farm Hosp 2014; 38:283-90. [PMID: 25137161 DOI: 10.7399/fh.2014.38.4.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the associations previously found in three cohorts of patients from the General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, between the polymorphisms rs1128503, rs2032582 and rs1045642 of the ABCB1 gene and the hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea in colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy regimes containing Capecitabine and 5-Fluorouracil, respectively, and between the polymorphisms rs2297595 of the DPYD gene and nausea/vomiting, rs11615 of ERCC1 and neutropenia, and rs28399433 CYP2A6 and neutropenia, in colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX or XELOX as adjuvant therapy. METHOD Colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy regimes, containing Capecitabine (n = 157), 5-Fluorouracil (n = 99) were included in the study, as well as patients treated with XELOX or FOLFOX (n = 83) as adjuvant therapy. The patients included were recruited from the Doce de Octubre University Hospital and from the Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, and signed the informed consent form. DNA was obtained from blood samples. Genotyping was carried out with SNaPshot. Contingency tables were created for analyzing the associations between the genotypes and the adverse reactions. RESULTS None of the associations previously identified was replicated in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacogenetic studies with a limited sample size must be validated with bigger cohorts, if possible by means of multicentre studies, reducing the variables to the maximum and should never be used in clinical practice without validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cortejoso
- Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
| | - M I García
- Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
| | - P García-Alfonso
- Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
| | - C Grávalos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre. Madrid..
| | - L Robles
- Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre. Madrid..
| | - E González-Haba
- Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
| | - M Sanjurjo
- Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
| | - L A López-Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Madrid..
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Cazier JB, Tomlinson I, Brea-Fernández A, Lamas MJ, Baiget M, López-Fernández LA, Clofent J, Bujanda L, Gonzalez D, de Castro L, Hemminki K, Bessa X, Andreu M, Jover R, Xicola R, Llor X, Moreno V, Castells A, Castellví-Bel S, Carracedo A, Ruiz-Ponte C. A genome-wide association study on copy-number variation identifies a 11q11 loss as a candidate susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer. Hum Genet 2014; 133:525-34. [PMID: 24218287 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease, and therefore its development is determined by the combination of both environmental factors and genetic variants. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SNP variation have conveniently identified 20 genetic variants so far, a significant proportion of the observed heritability is yet to be explained. Common copy-number variants (CNVs) are one of the most important genomic sources of variability, and hence a potential source to explain part of this missing genetic fraction. Therefore, we have performed a GWAS on CNVs to explore the relationship between common structural variation and CRC development. Phase 1 of the GWAS consisted of 881 cases and 667 controls from a Spanish cohort. Copy-number status was validated by quantitative PCR for each of those common CNVs potentially associated with CRC in phase I. Subsequently, SNPs were chosen as proxies for the validated CNVs for phase II replication (1,342 Spanish cases and 1,874 Spanish controls). Four common CNVs were found to be associated with CRC and were further replicated in Phase II. Finally, we found that SNP rs1944682, tagging a 11q11 CNV, was nominally associated with CRC susceptibility (p value = 0.039; OR = 1.122). This locus has been previously related to extreme obesity phenotypes, which could suggest a relationship between body weight and CRC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX)-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, IDIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago, Spain
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Del-Mazo J, Brieño-Enríquez MA, García-López J, López-Fernández LA, De-Felici M. Endocrine disruptors, gene deregulation and male germ cell tumors. Int J Dev Biol 2014; 57:225-39. [PMID: 23784834 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.130042jd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) belong to a large group of compounds, usually present as environmental pollutants, which can alter the homeostasis of living organisms by modifying hormonal balance and changing the normal patterns of gene regulation during development and cell differentiation. Hence, the development of male gonads and their functionality may be affected by exposure to specific EDs or their mixtures. The molecular mechanisms of action of these reprotoxicants leading to pathologies of the reproductive system such as testicular cancer, are complex and not well characterized. It is likely, however, that these compounds alter the interaction between the mechanisms of gene regulation and functional gene networks in windows of risk, mainly during embryonic development. Moreover, such changes could be transmitted through generations by epigenetic mechanisms. There are examples of the action of EDs on the expression of mRNAs, small non-coding RNAs and epigenetic marks in the developing testis associated with cellular and molecular alterations found in germ cell tumors. In the present review, we will discuss various aspects of genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic changes related to testicular development, exposure to EDs and the occurrence of germ cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Del-Mazo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Cazier JB, Moreno V, Crous-Bou M, Guinó E, Durán G, Lamas MJ, López R, Candamio S, Gallardo E, Paré L, Baiget M, Páez D, López-Fernández LA, Cortejoso L, García MI, Bujanda L, González D, Gonzalo V, Rodrigo L, Reñé JM, Jover R, Brea-Fernández A, Andreu M, Bessa X, Llor X, Xicola R, Palles C, Tomlinson I, Castellví-Bel S, Castells A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Carracedo A. Pharmacogenomics in colorectal cancer: a genome-wide association study to predict toxicity after 5-fluorouracil or FOLFOX administration. Pharmacogenomics J 2013; 13:209-17. [PMID: 22310351 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of genotyping technologies has allowed for wider screening for inherited causes of variable outcomes following drug administration. We have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 221 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients that had been treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), either alone or in combination with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). A validation set of 791 patients was also studied. Seven SNPs (rs16857540, rs2465403, rs10876844, rs10784749, rs17626122, rs7325568 and rs4243761) showed evidence of association (pooled P-values 0.020, 9.426E-03, 0.010, 0.017, 0.042, 2.302E-04, 2.803E-03) with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This is the first study to explore the genetic basis of inter-individual variation in toxicity responses to the administration of 5-FU or FOLFOX in CRC patients on a genome-wide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine-FPGMX-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-CIBERER-Genomics Medicine Group-Hospital Clínico Santiago de Compostela-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents used in colorectal cancer are frequently associated with severe adverse reactions that compromise the efficacy of treatment. Predicting toxicity could enable therapy to be tailored. Genetic variations have been associated with toxicity in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and tegafur), oxaliplatin, irinotecan and cetuximab. Complexity of treatment and variability in toxicity classifications make it difficult to compare studies. This article analyzes the association between toxicity and polymorphisms in DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, ABCB1, UGT1A1, ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1, GSTT1 and GSTM1. In addition, the state-of-the-art and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cortejoso
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, Madrid, Spain
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Cortejoso L, García MI, García-Alfonso P, González-Haba E, Escolar F, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. Differential toxicity biomarkers for irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:1463-72. [PMID: 23543295 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxaliplatin or irinotecan is usually administered jointly with fluoropyrimidines in colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Both drugs have different toxicity patterns. Biomarkers for predicting high-risk severe adverse reactions can help select the best treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 106 colorectal cancer patients receiving an oxaliplatin-based treatment and 56 receiving an irinotecan-based treatment was performed. One copy number variant (GSTT1) and nine polymorphisms in irinotecan and oxaliplatin metabolism, transport or DNA repair genes (ABCB1, UGT1A1, XRCC1, ERCC1, ERCC2, GSTP1) were genotyped by SNaPshot, polymerase chain reactions' length fragments, or copy number assays. RESULTS In irinotecan-treated patients, T allele of ABCB1C1236T SNP was associated with a lower risk of asthenia(OR = 0.047; 95 % CI = 0.004–0.493; P = 0.011) and Tallele of ABCB1 C3435T SNP was associated with a lower risk of diarrhea (OR = 0.177; 95 % CI = 0.034–0.919;P = 0.039), and individuals with two copies of GSTT1 gene had a lower risk for asthenia (OR = 0.093; 95 %CI = 0.011–0.794; P = 0.030). In oxaliplatin-treated patients, carriers of one or two T variants of Asn118Asn ERCC1 SNP had a lower risk for neutropenia(OR = 0.205; 95 % CI = 0.061–0.690; P = 0.01) [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS These biomarkers could help oncologists select the best treatment by reducing toxicity associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer patients, thus increasing their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cortejoso
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Cazier JB, Tomlinson IP, Carvajal-Carmona LG, Palles C, Lamas MJ, Baiget M, López-Fernández LA, Brea-Fernández A, Abulí A, Bujanda L, Clofent J, Gonzalez D, Xicola R, Andreu M, Bessa X, Jover R, Llor X. A colorectal cancer genome-wide association study in a Spanish cohort identifies two variants associated with colorectal cancer risk at 1p33 and 8p12. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:55. [PMID: 23350875 PMCID: PMC3616862 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease of complex aetiology, with much of the expected inherited risk being due to several common low risk variants. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified 20 CRC risk variants. Nevertheless, these have only been able to explain part of the missing heritability. Moreover, these signals have only been inspected in populations of Northern European origin. RESULTS Thus, we followed the same approach in a Spanish cohort of 881 cases and 667 controls. Sixty-four variants at 24 loci were found to be associated with CRC at p-values <10-5. We therefore evaluated the 24 loci in another Spanish replication cohort (1481 cases and 1850 controls). Two of these SNPs, rs12080929 at 1p33 (Preplication=0.042; Ppooled=5.523x10-03; OR (CI95%)=0.866(0.782-0.959)) and rs11987193 at 8p12 (Preplication=0.039; Ppooled=6.985x10-5; OR (CI95%)=0.786(0.705-0.878)) were replicated in the second Phase, although they did not reach genome-wide statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS We have performed the first CRC GWAS in a Southern European population and by these means we were able to identify two new susceptibility variants at 1p33 and 8p12 loci. These two SNPs are located near the SLC5A9 and DUSP4 loci, respectively, which could be good functional candidates for the association signals. We therefore believe that these two markers constitute good candidates for CRC susceptibility loci and should be further evaluated in other larger datasets. Moreover, we highlight that were these two SNPs true susceptibility variants, they would constitute a decrease in the CRC missing heritability fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Galician Public Fundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX)-Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer)-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Luis G Carvajal-Carmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - María J Lamas
- Oncology Pharmacy Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Montserrat Baiget
- Genetics Department, Hospital de Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Luis A López-Fernández
- Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón,, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | - Alejandro Brea-Fernández
- Galician Public Fundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX)-Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer)-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Anna Abulí
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Gastroenterology Department, Donostia Hospital, CIBERehd, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Juan Clofent
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Meixoeiro, Vigo, 36214, Spain
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Sagunto, Valencia, 46520, Spain
| | - Dolors Gonzalez
- Servicio de Patologia Digestiva, Hospital Sant PAu, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Rosa Xicola
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Montserrat Andreu
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Xavier Bessa
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Xavier Llor
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Bodega G, Suárez I, López-Fernández LA, García MI, Köber M, Penedo M, Luna M, Juárez S, Ciordia S, Oria M, Córdoba J, Fernández B. Ammonia induces aquaporin-4 rearrangement in the plasma membrane of cultured astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1314-24. [PMID: 23022607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein mainly located in the astroglial plasma membrane, the precise function of which in the brain edema that accompanies hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is unclear. Since ammonia is the main pathogenic agent in HE, its effect on AQP4 expression and distribution in confluent primary astroglial cultures was examined via their exposure to ammonium chloride (1, 3 and 5 mM) for 5 and 10 days. Ammonia induced the general inhibition of AQP4 mRNA synthesis except in the 1 mM/5 day treatment. However, the AQP4 protein content measured was dependent on the method of analysis; an apparent increase was recorded in treated cells in in-cell Western assays, while an apparent reduction was seen with the classic Western blot method, perhaps due to differences in AQP4 aggregation. Ammonia might therefore induce the formation of insoluble AQP4 aggregates in the astroglial plasma membrane. The finding of AQP4 in the pellet of classic Western blot samples, plus data obtained via confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy (using immunolabeled cells with gold nanoparticles) and scanning electron microscopy, all corroborate this hypothesis. The effect of ammonia on AQP4 seems not to be due to any osmotic effect; identical osmotic stress induced by glutamine and salt had no significant effect on the AQP4 content. AQP4 functional analysis (subjecting astrocytes to a hypo-osmotic medium and using flow cytometry to measure cell size) demonstrated a smaller water influx in ammonia-treated astrocytes suggesting that AQP4 aggregates are representative of an inactive status; however, more confirmatory studies are required to fully understand the functional status of AQP4 aggregates. The present results suggest that ammonia affects AQP4 expression and distribution, and that astrocytes change their expression of AQP4 mRNA as well as the aggregation status of the ensuing protein depending on the ammonia concentration and duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bodega
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Gras R, Relloso M, García MI, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, López-Fernández LA, Muñoz-Fernández MA. The inhibition of Th17 immune response in vitro and in vivo by the carbosilane dendrimer 2G-NN16. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4002-9. [PMID: 22377325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the 2G-NN16-carbosilane dendrimer activities in Th17 response as a potential therapy for Th17 deregulated pathologies. IL17A, IL17F, IL22, IL23 and other interleukins secreted by Th17 cells CD4+ cells were down regulated when cells were cultured in the presence of this dendrimer. Furthermore, IL17F and IL17A protein levels in splenocytes from mice pretreated with 2G-NN16 dendrimer in a Th17 induction mouse model were lower than those corresponding to PBS treated mice. Treatment of mice with 2G-NN16 inhibited the Th17 response causing much more pathogenicity as indicated by the increase in the number of Candida albicans colonies in the kidneys as compared to PBS-treated mice. All these results suggest a potential pharmacological application for this dendrimer in the therapy of Th17-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gras
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007-Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Jiménez JL, Clemente MI, Weber ND, Sanchez J, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, García D, López-Fernández LA, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Carbosilane dendrimers to transfect human astrocytes with small interfering RNA targeting human immunodeficiency virus. BioDrugs 2010; 24:331-43. [PMID: 20795754 DOI: 10.2165/11538400-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection of the CNS is the principle cause of HIV-associated dementia in adults and encephalopathy in children. Gene therapy techniques such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) possess great potential in drug development, but first they must overcome the key obstacle of reaching the interior of the affected cells. A successful delivery vector for anti-HIV drugs that is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) could provide a way of addressing this issue. Non-viral vectors such as dendrimers offer a means for effectively delivering and transfecting siRNA to the target cells. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application of gene therapy for reducing HIV replication in human astrocytes. METHODS We used the 2G-NN16 amino-terminated carbosilane dendrimer as a method for delivering siRNA to HIV-infected human astrocytes. We tested the cytotoxicity in human astrocytoma cells caused by 2G-NN16 and dendriplexes formed with siRNA (siRNA/2G-NN16) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The ability to transfect human astrocytes with siRNA/2G-NN16 dendriplexes was tested by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. To assess the potential capability of siRNA/2G-NN16 dendriplexes for crossing the BBB, we used an in vitro transcytosis assay with bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells. HIV-1 inhibition assays using 2G-NN16 and siRNA/2G-NN16 dendriplexes were determined by quantification of the viral load from culture supernatants of the astrocytes. RESULTS A gradual time-controlled degradation of the 2G-NN16 dendrimer and liberation of its siRNA cargo between 12 and 24 hours was observed via gel electrophoresis. There was no cytotoxicity in HIV-infected or non-infected human astrocytoma cells when treated with up to 24 microg/mL of 2G-NN16 dendrimer or siRNA/2G-NN16 dendriplexes, and siRNA/2G-NN16 dendriplexes were seen to successfully transfect human astrocytes even after crossing an in vitro BBB model. More interestingly, transfected siRNA was observed to exert a biologic effect, as dendriplexes were shown to down-regulate the housekeeping gene GAPDH and to reduce replication of HIV-1 strains X4-HIV NL4-3 and R5-HIV BaL in human astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The 2G-NN16 dendrimer successfully delivers and transfects siRNA to HIV-infected human astrocytes and achieves gene silencing without causing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Gonzalez-Haba E, García MI, Cortejoso L, López-Lillo C, Barrueco N, García-Alfonso P, Alvarez S, Jiménez JL, Martín ML, Muñóz-Fernández MA, Sanjurjo M, López-Fernández LA. ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with adverse reactions in fluoropyrimidine-treated colorectal cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:1715-23. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To find out whether SNPs in the transporter gene ATP-binding casette B1 (ABCB1) were related to adverse effects in colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or capecitabine. Materials & methods: Patients treated with a 5-FU-based therapy (n = 67) or a capecitabine-based therapy (n = 74) were recruited and genotyped for the ABCB1 SNPs rs1128503 (C1236T), rs2032592 (G2677T/A) and rs1045642 (C3435T). Clinical data and adverse reactions were recorded. ABCB1 genotypes of patients were statistically analyzed for association with the most frequent adverse reactions. Results: Statistical associations were observed, suggesting a lower risk of neutropenia (p = 0.013) and hand–foot syndrome (HFS; p = 0.027) for the carriers of T variation for rs1128503 in capecitabine-treated patients, carriers of T variation for rs1045642 treated with capecitabine had a lower risk of HFS (p = 0.033), while those treated with 5-FU had a higher risk of diarrhea (p = 0.035), and carriers of T variation for rs2032592 treated with capecitabine were at less risk of developing HFS (p = 0.033). Conclusion: This is the first time evidence has been found of differing pharmacogenetic markers for capecitabine and 5-FU treatments. Genotyping of SNPs in the ABCB1 gene prior to chemotherapy administration could help reduce adverse reactions in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gonzalez-Haba
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria I García
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Cortejoso
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina López-Lillo
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nélida Barrueco
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Alvarez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Martín
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Sanjurjo
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Hurtado M, Lozano JJ, Castellanos E, López-Fernández LA, Harshman K, Martínez-A C, Ortiz AR, Thomson TM, Paciucci R. Activation of the epidermal growth factor signalling pathway by tissue plasminogen activator in pancreas cancer cells. Gut 2007; 56:1266-74. [PMID: 17452424 PMCID: PMC1954978 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.097188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the major activator of plasminogen in plasma. This serine protease is overexpressed by exocrine pancreas tumour cells, where it promotes tumour cell proliferation, growth, and invasion. Here we have explored the signalling pathways used by tPA to activate the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS Transcriptional profiling on cDNA micro arrays was used to analyse the pattern of gene expression in response to tPA compared to the response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Results were confirmed using different biochemical assays in which specific kinase inhibitors or RNA interference were used. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling showed that tPA modulates the expression of a set of genes commonly regulated by EGF, but distinct from the major set of genes modulated by PDGF. This suggested that tPA and EGF share common signalling pathways, a conclusion supported by further experimental evidence. Firstly, we found that tPA induced a rapid and transient phosphorylation of the EGFR. Secondly, specific EGFR kinase inhibitors, but not PDGFR kinase inhibitors, abolished the tPA induced phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 kinases and cell proliferation. The mitogenic activity of tPA was also inhibited by siRNA depletion of EGFR, thus confirming the involvement of this receptor in tPA triggered signalling. Thirdly, we show that the signalling and mitogenic effects of tPA require its proteolytic activity, the activity of the metalloprotease-9 and active hb-EGF. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that tPA induces proliferation by triggering a proteolytic cascade that sequentially activates plasmin, metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and hb-EGF. These events are required to activate the EGFR signalling pathway and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Hurtado
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Pg Vall d'Hebrón 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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33
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Guerra S, Nájera JL, González JM, López-Fernández LA, Climent N, Gatell JM, Gallart T, Esteban M. Distinct gene expression profiling after infection of immature human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the attenuated poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC. J Virol 2007; 81:8707-21. [PMID: 17537851 PMCID: PMC1951336 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00444-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recombinants based on the attenuated poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC are currently in clinical trials, the nature of the genes triggered by these vectors in antigen-presenting cells is poorly characterized. Using microarray technology and various analysis conditions, we compared specific changes in gene expression profiling following MVA and NYVAC infection of immature human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC). Microarray analysis was performed at 6 h postinfection, since these viruses induced extensive cytopathic effects, rRNA breakdown, and apoptosis at late times postinfection. MVA- and NYVAC-infected MDDC shared upregulation of 195 genes compared to uninfected cells: MVA specifically upregulated 359 genes, and NYVAC upregulated 165 genes. Microarray comparison of NYVAC and MVA infection revealed 544 genes with distinct expression patterns after poxvirus infection and 283 genes specifically upregulated after MVA infection. Both vectors upregulated genes for cytokines, cytokine receptors, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and molecules involved in antigen uptake and processing, including major histocompatibility complex genes. mRNA levels for interleukin 12beta (IL-12beta), beta interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were higher after MVA infection than after NYVAC infection. The expression profiles of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB/Rel and STAT were regulated similarly by both viruses; in contrast, OASL, MDA5, and IRIG-I expression increased only during MVA infection. Type I interferon, IL-6, and Toll-like receptor pathways were specifically induced after MVA infection. Following MVA or NYVAC infection in MDDC, we found similarities as well as differences between these virus strains in the expression of cellular genes with immunological function, which should have an impact when these vectors are used as recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guerra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Bodega G, Suárez I, Almonacid L, Ciordia S, Beloso A, López-Fernández LA, Zaballos A, Fernández B. Effect of ammonia on ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein expression and its upstream signalling pathway in cultured rat astroglial cells: possible implication of c-fos, Sp1 and p38MAPK. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 33:420-30. [PMID: 17442060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) may be implicated in the pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. We tested this hypothesis by treating confluent primary cultures of rat astroglial cells with ammonium chloride for various periods and analysing the effect of ammonia on the signalling pathway that regulates CNTF mRNA and protein expression. Ammonia treatment induced a dose- and time-dependent reduction in CNTF mRNA and protein expression. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of CNTF in the culture medium demonstrated that ammonia also induced a significant decrease in CNTF release. In addition, ammonia affected Sp1 and c-fos, transcription factors that regulate CNTF mRNA and protein expression, which showed partial dephosphorylation and significantly lower mRNA and protein levels. Total content of p38MAPK (for which Sp1 and c-fos are substrates) was unaffected by ammonia, although the diphosphorylated (active) form was significantly reduced after ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bodega
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Guerra S, López-Fernández LA, García MA, Zaballos A, Esteban M. Human Gene Profiling in Response to the Active Protein Kinase, Interferon-induced Serine/threonine Protein Kinase (PKR), in Infected Cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:18734-45. [PMID: 16613840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511983200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced serine/threonine protein kinase (PKR) has an essential role in cell survival and cell death after viral infection and under stress conditions, but the host genes involved in these processes are not well defined. We used human cDNA microarrays to identify, in infected cells, genes differentially expressed after PKR expression and analyzed the requirement of catalytic activity of the enzyme. To express PKR, we used vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants producing wild type PKR (VV-PKR) and the catalytically inactive mutant K296R (VV-PKR-K296R). Most regulated genes were classified according to biological function, including apoptosis, stress, defense, and immune response. Transcriptional changes detected by microarray analysis were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR. A total of 111 genes were regulated specifically by PKR catalytic activity. Of these, 97 were up-regulated, and 14 were down-regulated. The ATF-3 transcription factor, involved in stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis, was up-regulated. Activation of endogenous PKR with a VV mutant lacking the viral protein E3L (VVDeltaE3L), a PKR inhibitor, triggered an increase in ATF-3 expression that was not observed in PKR(-/-) cells. Using null cells for ATF-3 and for the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, we showed that induction of apoptosis by PKR at late times of infection was dependent on ATF-3 expression and regulated by NF-kappaB activation. Here, we identified human genes selectively induced by expression of active PKR in infected cells and linked ATF-3 to a novel mechanism used by PKR to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guerra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Guerra S, López-Fernández LA, Pascual-Montano A, Nájera JL, Zaballos A, Esteban M. Host response to the attenuated poxvirus vector NYVAC: upregulation of apoptotic genes and NF-kappaB-responsive genes in infected HeLa cells. J Virol 2006; 80:985-98. [PMID: 16379000 PMCID: PMC1346868 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.2.985-998.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NYVAC has been engineered as a safe, attenuated vaccinia virus (VV) vector for use in vaccination against a broad spectrum of pathogens and tumors. Due to the interest in NYVAC-based vectors as vaccines and current phase I/II clinical trials with this vector, there is a need to analyze the human host response to NYVAC infection. Using high-density cDNA microarrays, we found 368 differentially regulated genes after NYVAC infection of HeLa cells. Clustering of the regulated genes identified six discrete gene clusters with altered expression patterns. Clusters 1 to 3 represented 47.5% of the regulated genes, with three patterns of gene activation kinetics, whereas clusters 4 to 6 showed distinct repression kinetics. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of selected genes validated the array data. Upregulated transcripts correlated with genes implicated in immune responses, including those encoding interleukin-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), IL-6, ISG-15, CD-80, and TNFSF7. NYVAC upregulated several intermediates of apoptotic cascades, including caspase-9, correlating with its ability to induce apoptosis. NYVAC infection also stimulated the expression of NF-kappaB1 and NF-kappaB2 as well as that of NF-kappaB target genes. Expression of the VV host range K1L gene during NYVAC infection prevented NF-kappaB activation, but not the induction of apoptosis. This study is the first overall analysis of the transcriptional response of human cells to NYVAC infection and provides a framework for future functional studies to evaluate this vector and its derivatives as human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guerra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
In this paper we analyse the relations between sex of patients and professionals, social class and health insurance scheme, with the type of medical practice and level of satisfaction with care received by the patients. Following recent literature it can be said that medical practices based on the psychosocial paradigm obtain better results in terms of health and satisfaction. In the primary health care sector, there is evidence that women doctors follow a communication pattern grounded on the psychosocial model. In parallel, women patients frequently show their preferences for women doctors when their complaints are related to psychosocial issues. Sex and social class of patients and professionals are not consistently related to the level of satisfaction reached, although to date there is still a lack of research to support this point. It is necessary to incorporate in our research these analytical categories. Not only in data collection but also in the analysis. It would not be possible to fully understand the complexity of clinical activities without considering that gender and class shape our individual and social identity and therefore condition the diverse forms of interaction in patient-doctor relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Delgado
- Técnica de Salud, Unidad Docente de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria de Granada, Spain.
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Guerra S, López-Fernández LA, Conde R, Pascual-Montano A, Harshman K, Esteban M. Microarray analysis reveals characteristic changes of host cell gene expression in response to attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara infection of human HeLa cells. J Virol 2004; 78:5820-34. [PMID: 15140980 PMCID: PMC415835 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.11.5820-5834.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain as a live recombinant vector to deliver antigens and elicit protective immune responses against infectious diseases demands a comprehensive understanding of the effect of MVA infection on human host gene expression. We used microarrays containing more than 15,000 human cDNAs to identify gene expression changes in human HeLa cell cultures at 2, 6, and 16 h postinfection. Clustering of the 410 differentially regulated genes identified 11 discrete gene clusters with altered expression patterns after MVA infection. Clusters 1 and 2 (accounting for 16.59% [68 of 410] of the genes) contained 68 transcripts showing a robust induction pattern that was maintained during the course of infection. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarrays after MVA infection were confirmed for selected genes by Northern blot analysis and by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Upregulated transcripts in clusters 1 and 2 included 20 genes implicated in immune responses, including interleukin 1A (IL-1A), IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-15 genes. MVA infection also stimulated the expression of NF-kappaB and components of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway, including p50 and TRAF-interacting protein. A marked increase in the expression of histone family members was also induced during MVA infection. Expression of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family members WAS, WASF1, and the small GTP-binding protein RAC-1, which are involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, was enhanced after MVA infection. This study demonstrates that MVA infection triggered the induction of groups of genes, some of which may be involved in host resistance and immune modulation during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Vanegas N, García-Sacristán A, López-Fernández LA, Párraga M, del Mazo J, Hernández P, Schvartzman JB, Krimer DB. Differential expression of Ran GTPase during HMBA-induced differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells. Leuk Res 2003; 27:607-15. [PMID: 12681360 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells undergo erythroid differentiation in vitro when treated with hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). To identify genes involved in the commitment of MEL cells to differentiate, we screened a cDNA library constructed from HMBA-induced cells by differential hybridization and isolated GTPase Ran as a down-regulated gene. We observed that Ran was expressed in a biphasic mode. Following a decrease in mRNA level during the initial hours of induction, Ran re-expressed at 24-48 h, and gradually declined again. To investigate the role of Ran during MEL differentiation we constructed MEL transfectants capable to express or block Ran mRNA production constitutively. No effects were observed on cell growth and proliferation. Blockage of Ran, however, interfered with MEL cell differentiation resulting in a decrease of cell survival in the committed population.
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MESH Headings
- Acetamides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- DNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Library
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Phenotype
- Plasmids
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- ran GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- ran GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vanegas
- Departamento de Biologi;a Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Velázquez, 144, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Guerra S, López-Fernández LA, Pascual-Montano A, Muñoz M, Harshman K, Esteban M. Cellular gene expression survey of vaccinia virus infection of human HeLa cells. J Virol 2003; 77:6493-506. [PMID: 12743306 PMCID: PMC154985 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.11.6493-6506.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) is a cytocidal virus that causes major changes in host cell machinery shortly after infecting cells. To define the consequences of virus infection on host gene expression, we used microarrays of approximately 15,000 human cDNAs to examine expression levels of mRNAs isolated at 2, 6, and 16 h postinfection from cultures of infected HeLa cells. The majority of profiling changes during VV infection corresponded to downregulation of genes at 16 h postinfection. Differentially expressed genes were clustered into seven groups to identify common regulatory pathways, with most of them (90%) belonging to clusters 6 and 7, which represent genes whose expression was repressed after infection. Cluster 1, however, contained 37 transcripts (2.81%) showing a robust pattern of induction that was maintained during the course of infection. Genes in cluster 1 included those for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family member WASF1, thymosine, adenosine A2a receptor, glutamate decarboxylase 2, CD-80 antigen, KIAA0888 protein, selenophosphate synthetase, pericentrin, and attractin as well as several expressed sequence tags. We analyzed in more detail the fate of WASP protein in VV-infected cells, because a related family member, N-WASP, is involved in viral motility. WASP protein accumulated in the course of infection; its increase required viral DNA replication and de novo protein synthesis, and it localized in cytoplasmic structures distinct from uninfected cells. This study is the first quantitative analysis of host gene expression following VV infection of cultured human cells, demonstrating global changes in the expression profile, and identifies upregulated genes with potential roles in the virus replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guerra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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López-Casas PP, López-Fernández LA, Párraga M, Krimer DB, del Mazo J. Developmental regulation of expression of Ran/M1 and Ran/M2 isoforms of Ran-GTPase in mouse testis. Int J Dev Biol 2003; 47:307-10. [PMID: 12755337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Two isoforms of Ran-GTPase have been described: Ran/M1 and Ran/M2. Ran/M2 is testis specific, whereas the Ran/M1 isoform is also expressed in somatic tissues. Here we show that both mRNAs, differing in 35 of the 648 nucleotides included in the ORFs, are developmentally regulated during spermatogenesis. Real-time RT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the expression of Ran/M1 and Ran/M2 increased in pachytene spermatocytes with progressive transcript accumulation until they reached the round spermatid stage, in the seminiferous epithelium of adults. In the testis, the expression of both isoforms was found to be restricted to germ cells. An expression window from early pachytene spermatocytes to late round spermatids was detected by in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P López-Casas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Abstract
Ran is a small GTP-binding protein involved in several essential roles for cell viability. This observation implies Ran might be ubiquitously expressed during development. However, Ran shows a differentiated expression pattern that is restricted to specific tissues from embryo to adult. At early embryonic stages of mouse development we found persistent Ran expression in proliferating neural tissue, neural crest derived dorsal root ganglions and sensory pits. We also showed an accumulation of Ran transcripts in main embryonic haematopoietic tissues: blood islands first and then hepatic bud. In advanced stages of development Ran is also expressed in other tissues showing a high cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P López-Casas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Velázquez 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Abstract
Analysis of gene expression during testis development demonstrated accumulation of Ilf2 mRNA in pachytene spermatocytes. In these cells, the protein was localized in the nucleus, but it was absent from chromatin of the XY pachytene bivalent, in which there is no transcriptional activity. Nucleolar signal is inmmunolocalized in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells and oocytes. By in situ hybridisation, Ilf2 expression is detected in proliferative cells of adult ovary and a defined pattern is also exhibited in different tissues of embryos. The presence of ILF2 in active chromatin is corroborated in NIH3T3 cultured cells after transfection with Ilf2-EGFP constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A López-Fernández
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Velázquez, 144, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the differences between the clinical practice (conduct) of male and female doctors and its determining factors; and to find the variability in the various conducts studied which is explained by a set of variables, gender among them. DESIGN Cross-sectional, multi-centre descriptive study. SETTING Andalusian health centres with populations of over 100000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS Selection of 159 primary care doctors with postgraduate training by means of simple randomised sampling. 56% were men, 44% women, with power of comparisons at 68%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Self-administered questionnaire to measure the dependent variable, overall conduct (clinical practice) and 11 dimensions of this conduct. Independent variables were: determinants of conduct identified by the theory of reasoned action (attitudes and subjective norm) and by the theory of social learning (self-efficacy and control locus), gender and other social and demographic variables and work conditions variables. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to explain each conduct analysed. Being a female doctor affects positively overall conduct and conduct in information, psycho-social guidance, prevention of obesity, active recruitment for family planning and collaboration with nurses. CONCLUSIONS In Andalusia women general practitioners have a more marked orientation towards the psycho-social sides of care than their male colleagues. They give more information to their patients and more frequently perform preventive activities linked to their gender. They also rely on the work of their nurses more than male doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delgado
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Granada,0 Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública y Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain.
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Vidal F, Lopez P, López-Fernández LA, Ranc F, Scimeca JC, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Gene trap analysis of germ cell signaling to Sertoli cells: NGF-TrkA mediated induction of Fra1 and Fos by post-meiotic germ cells. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:435-43. [PMID: 11148144 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.2.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of complex signalisation networks involving distinct cell types is required to understand most developmental processes. Differentiation of male germ cells in adult mammals involves such a cross-talk between Sertoli cells, the somatic component which supports and controls germinal differentiation, and germ cells at their successive maturation stages. We developed a gene trapping strategy to identify genes, which, in Sertoli cells, are either up- or down-regulated by signals emitted by the germinal component. A library of approximately 2,000 clones was constituted from colonies independently selected from the Sertoli line 15P-1 by growth in drug-containing medium after random integration of a promoter-less (beta)geo transgene (neo(r)-lacZ fusion), which will be expressed as a fusion transcript from a ‘trapped’ cellular promoter, different in each clone. A first screen conducted on 700 events identified six clones in which beta-galactosidase activity was increased and one in which it was repressed upon addition of germ cells. The targeted loci were identified by cloning and sequencing the genomic region 5′ of the insert. One of them was identified as the gene encoding Fra1, a component of the AP1 transcription regulatory complex. Accumulation of Fra1 mRNA was induced, both in 15P-1 and in freshly explanted Sertoli cells, by addition of either round spermatids or nerve growth factor (NGF). The effect of NGF was mediated by the TrkA receptor and the ERK1-ERK2 kinase kinase pathway. Fos and Fra1 transcription were induced within the first hour after addition of the neurotrophin, but, unlike what is observed after serum induction in the same cells, a second wave of transcription of Fra1, but not of Fos, started 16 hours later and peaked at higher levels at about 20 hours. These results suggest that AP1 activation may be an important relay in the Sertoli-germ cell cross-talk, and validate the gene trapping approach as a tool for the identification of target genes in cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vidal
- Unité 470 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Unité Mixte CNRS-Université 6549, Université de Nice, France
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Granadino B, Arias-de-la-Fuente C, Pérez-Sánchez C, Párraga M, López-Fernández LA, del Mazo J, Rey-Campos J. Fhx (Foxj2) expression is activated during spermatogenesis and very early in embryonic development. Mech Dev 2000; 97:157-60. [PMID: 11025217 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
FHX (FOXJ2) is a recently characterized human fork head transcriptional activator that binds DNA with a dual sequence specificity. We have cloned the cDNA for the mouse orthologue Foxj2 and characterized its expression in the gonads and along the early pre-implantation development of the mouse. In the testis, Foxj2 is expressed from pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids, but not in spermatogonia. In addition to the germ lineage, only Sertoli cells of the testis showed expression of Foxj2. In the ovary, only granulosa cells of the follicles express the factor. Neither mature spermatozoa nor oocytes showed expression of Foxj2. Foxj2 expression is early activated in zygotic development, being detected since as early as 8-cell stage embryos. Both cell layers of the blastocyst: the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM), express Foxj2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Granadino
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Velazquez 144, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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47
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García-Díaz M, Domínguez O, López-Fernández LA, de Lera LT, Saníger ML, Ruiz JF, Párraga M, García-Ortiz MJ, Kirchhoff T, del Mazo J, Bernad A, Blanco L. DNA polymerase lambda (Pol lambda), a novel eukaryotic DNA polymerase with a potential role in meiosis. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:851-67. [PMID: 10966791 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new gene (POLL) encoding a novel DNA polymerase (Pol lambda) has been identified at mouse chromosome 19. Murine Pol lambda, consisting of 573 amino acid residues, has a 32% identity to Pol beta, involved in nuclear DNA repair in eukaryotic cells. It is interesting that Pol lambda contains all the critical residues involved in DNA binding, nucleotide binding and selection, and catalysis of DNA polymerization, that are conserved in Pol beta and other DNA polymerases belonging to family X. Murine Pol lambda, overproduced in Escherichia coli, displayed intrinsic DNA polymerase activity when assessed by in situ gel analysis. Pol lambda also conserves the critical residues of Pol beta required for its intrinsic deoxyribose phosphate lyase (dRPase) activity. The first 230 amino acid residues of Pol lambda, that have no counterpart in Pol beta, contain a BRCT domain, present in a variety of cell-cycle check-point control proteins responsive to DNA damage and proteins involved in DNA repair. Northern blotting, in situ hybridization analysis and immunostaining showed high levels of Pol lambda specifically expressed in testis, being developmentally regulated and mainly associated to pachytene spermatocytes. These first evidences, although indirect, suggest a potential role of Pol lambda in DNA repair synthesis associated with meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Díaz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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de Luis O, López-Fernández LA, del Mazo J. Tex27, a gene containing a zinc-finger domain, is up-regulated during the haploid stages of spermatogenesis. Exp Cell Res 1999; 249:320-6. [PMID: 10366431 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tex27 is a gene encoding a protein containing a zinc-finger domain in the carboxy terminal region and a transactivation domain in the amino terminal region. The Tex27 cDNA was isolated from a subtractive library that was enriched for genes preferentially expressed during the development of the seminiferous epithelium. Northern and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that Tex27 is differentially expressed in the testis, showing an increased expression in the germ cells corresponding to postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. This expression pattern in testis has been described for other C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins in mouse and human, like CTfin51, Zpf29, Sp1, and Zpf37. RFLP-Southern assays revealed that Tex27 is conserved in mammals. The polypeptide analysis and expression pattern suggest that Tex27 is a potential transcription factor preferentially expressed in postmeiotic cells during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O de Luis
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Velázquez 144, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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López-Fernández LA, Lopez P, Vidal F, Ranc F, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Analysis of gene regulation in Sertoli cells by a gene trap approach. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 444:153-62. [PMID: 10026945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0089-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A López-Fernández
- Unité 470 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice, France
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López-Fernández LA, Párraga M, del Mazo J. Tex261, a novel gene presumably related but distinct from steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene, is regulated during the development of germ cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 242:565-9. [PMID: 9464256 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tex261 is a new gene cloned from a subtractive cDNA library from 10-day postnatal mouse testis. Tex261 transcribes three mRNAs of 3.5, 1.6 and 1.4 kb. The 3.5 kb and 1.4 kb transcripts are expressed in different gonadal and somatic tissues analyzed. However, the 1.6 Kb transcript is only detected in testis and differentially regulated during development. This 1.6 kb mRNA is highly expressed in adult testis, with detection beginning at 15 days of postnatal life, which coincides with the presence of pachytene cells in prepuberal mouse. This expression was confirmed in pachytene cells by run-off transcription assay and by in situ hybridization. A region of 86 amino acids from the predicted Tex261 was recently reported as a part of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR gene by its sequence identity to a rat StAR cloned cDNA. We demonstrate her that, in the mouse, StAR and Tex261 are two different genes with different expected functions, yet, a high identity (43%) at amino acid level is detected in a region of 153 amino acids corresponding to a transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A López-Fernández
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (C.S.I.C.), Madrid, Spain
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